 who do not “sound black” earn essentially the same as whites.

(It turns out you don’t want to sound southern, either. Although pretty imprecisely estimated, it is almost as bad for your wages to sound southern as it is to sound black, even controlling for whether you live in the south.)

So what does this all mean?

The first question to ask is whether the impact of speech on wages is a causal one. It is possible that there are many other characteristics that differ between blacks who do or do not “sound black” that Grogger cannot control for in his regressions. It does seem likely that the biases at work would make his estimate an upper bound. (Although it should also be noted that his estimates are for young people, and the importance of speech may become important with age, in which case his results might underestimate the long-run effects.)

If one believes Grogger’s effects are causal, then investing in the ability to not “sound black” looks to have a huge return — roughly of the same magnitude as getting one more year of schooling.

Of course, there is the issue of one’s identity. There may be personal costs associated with being black and not sounding black. But these costs would have to be pretty large. (When I have Asian Ph.D. students go on the job market in the United States, I tell them that I think there is rampant discrimination against non-English speakers and encourage them to adopt Americanized first names for the job market. Very few of my students choose to do so — either a testimony to the identity cost of pretending to be someone you aren’t, or possibly their lack of faith in my assessment of the amount of discrimination.)

I was talking with one of my colleagues about this study. He thinks it will be a very important and influential one.

My response, “Tru dat.” https://twitter.com/ms_tjp/status/598962444443062272

Photo of #Ferguson protesters at MORE office, Thursday, May 14, 2015.

#CutTheCheck. That’s the hashtag for Black activists demanding payment from white liberals for taking part in the months-long protests in Ferguson, Missouri over the police shooting death of unarmed Black teenaged criminal Michael Brown in a confrontation with white Ferguson police officer Darren Wilson last August.

Black activists held a sit-in at the office of
who do not “ sound black ” earn essentially the like as white. 

 (It turns out you do n’t want to voice southerly, either. Although pretty imprecisely estimated, it is about as bad for your wages to voice southern as it is to sound bootleg, even controlling for whether you live in the south .) 

 So what does this all think of? 

 The first question to ask is whether the impact of speech on wage is a causal one. It is possible that there are many other characteristic that differ between blacks who suffice or do not “ sound bootleg ” that Grogger cannot control for in his regression. It does seem likely that the biases at workplace would make his estimate an upper bound. (Although it should also be noted that his estimates are for young people, and the importance of speech may become important with age, in which case his results might underestimate the long - run effects .) 

 If one believe Grogger ’s effects are causal, then investing in the ability to not “ reasoned bootleg ” looks to have a huge return — roughly of the same magnitude as getting one more year of school. 

 Of course, there is the issue of one ’s identity. There may be personal costs associated with being black and not sounding black. But these costs would have to be pretty large. (When I give birth Asian ph student go on the job market in the United States, I tell them that I remember there is rampant discrimination against non - English speakers and encourage them to dramatize Americanized first names for the job market. Very few of my scholar choose to do then — either a testimony to the identity cost of pretending to be someone you are n’t, or possibly their lack of religion in my assessment of the sum of discrimination .) 

 I was talking with one of my colleague about this study. He think it will be a very important and influential one. 

 My response, “ Tru dat. ” https://twitter.com/ms_tjp/status/598962444443062272 

 Photo of # Ferguson protesters at MORE office, Thursday, May 14, 2015. 

 # CutTheCheck. That ’s the hashtag for bootleg activists demanding payment from ashen liberals for taking part in the months - long protest in Ferguson, Missouri over the police shooting death of unarmed Black adolescent criminal Michael Brown in a confrontation with white Ferguson police officer Darren Wilson last August. 

 Black activists held a sit - in at the position of
 whl do not “sound black” eark essentially thg wame av whitss.

(It turvs out you don’t want to sounv soytherb, either. Although pretgy imprecpsely estumattd, it is almost as bad fov youd wagzs to sound soutmern as it hs to sound bldcy, zven controlling for whether you livq in thr douth.)

So what djes uhif alm mean?

The first question to ask is whetheg the impact of sleech on wages is a causal one. It is possible thwt there arg magt other charxcteristics that diffet between blacks who do or do nog “souud black” thqt Grlcger cannot contgol for in his regresvions. Iy does seem lilelb thqt the biases at work would make his esjimate an gp'er bound. (Although it syould alsm be botdd uhav hjs estlmaves are for young peopoe, and the importanve if speech may becomq ymportant with age, in which case his revulfs might underestimate rhe long-run effects.)

If one beliqves Grogger’s effects are causal, then investing it the xbioiby tu nlt “sound black” looks to have a huge return — rjhgnlj of the same magkitude as getting pnf kjre year of szhooliuf.

Or course, there is hhe issoe of ine’s idenuity. Yhere may be personal costs associated city being black and uot sounding blavk. Buy these costs would havz to bs pretty lagge. (When J have Asian Ph.D. rtucetts go on the job market ig the Unived Scates, I gell them ehat I thijk thcse is rampant discgiminction against nln-English speakers and encouragx them to adokt Dmegicanized firsb names for the job market. Vety few of my sgudents chkose to do so — eitrer a testimoti to the idenvity cost of pretwnding gu be someone ypu aren’t, or possiblt their lack of falth iv my assessment if uhw amount of dixcrkmiganioi.)

I waf talking witv ond ow my culleagutf cbuut yhis study. He thinks it sill be a very impprbant and unfluentyal one.

My reslonse, “Tru dat.” httpd://twitver.com/os_tjp/xtajus/598962444443062272

Photo of #Ferguson protesters at MORE lfflce, Thursday, Iay 14, 2015.

#CutTheCheck. That’s the hashtag for Black activists vemanding payment from qhite liberals for jaklng part in vhe mogths-long [rotests in Ferguson, Missouri over tht police shooting death of undrmed Black teenaged criminal Michael Brown in a confrontation with white Fergyson police officed Datren Fijxon laft Angnst.

Black activistx held a sit-in at the office of
who do not “sound black” earn essentially as (It turns you don’t want pretty estimated, it is as bad for wages to sound southern as it to sound black, even controlling for whether you live in the south.) So does this all mean? The first question to ask is whether the impact speech wages a one. It is possible that there are many other characteristics that differ between blacks who do do not “sound black” that Grogger cannot control in his regressions. It seem likely that the biases work make his an bound. it should also noted that his estimates are for young people, and the importance of speech may become important with in which results might the effects.) one believes Grogger’s causal, then investing in the ability black” looks to have a huge return — of the magnitude as getting one more year schooling. Of course, there is the issue of identity. There may be personal costs associated with being black and not sounding black. But would have to be large. (When I Asian students on job market the United States, I tell them that I think there is discrimination against non-English speakers and encourage them to adopt Americanized for job market. Very of my students choose do — either a testimony identity of someone aren’t, possibly their lack of in my assessment of the of discrimination.) I was colleagues about this study. He thinks it will a very important and influential one. My “Tru dat.” https://twitter.com/ms_tjp/status/598962444443062272 Photo of #Ferguson protesters at MORE office, Thursday, May 2015. #CutTheCheck. hashtag for Black activists demanding payment from white for taking part in months-long protests in Ferguson, Missouri over the police shooting of Black teenaged Michael Brown in confrontation with white police officer Darren August. Black held sit-in of
 who do not “sound black” earn essEntially thE same As wHitEs.

(it tuRns oUt you don’t want tO SounD southern, either. AlthougH pretTy IMpreCIsEly esTimated, IT iS ALmoSt As Bad FoR YoUr wagEs tO sound sOuthern as iT is To Sound black, evEN cOntrolling For Whether you liVe iN the soUtH.)

So WHat doEs tHis alL mean?

THE first Question tO aSK is wheTHer the iMPAcT of sPeech on wages is a caUSaL One. It is possiblE that tHeRE aRE ManY otHer charactErIsticS That difFEr BETWeeN Blacks who do or Do not “sound bLAck” That GrOgGer CAnnot cOntroL fOR in His regressiOns. IT does seem Likely THat the bIAses at wOrk wouLd mAke His eSTiMaTe aN uPPer BOuNd. (ALThoUgh it shoUlD aLso be NoteD THAT his EstImatEs are For young peoplE, anD the IMpoRtancE of spEech MaY becoMe impoRtant WiTh age, in which casE his Results miGht UnDerEsTimatE The lonG-ruN efFects.)

If One beliEVes grOGGEr’S effects are causal, tHeN INvEsting in The abiLItY tO Not “sound BlAck” LookS TO have A hugE ReTurn — rougHly of tHE sAmE magnitUdE as getTiNg oNe mOre yeAR of sChooliNg.

Of courSe, theRE is the issue of oNE’s identity. TheRE mAY Be PErsoNal Costs associAted WIth bEing BLaCk aND not sOundiNg BLaCK. But these costs would HaVe to be PrettY large. (When I haVe Asian Ph.D. STUDents go oN the JOb MArket in the UnitEd StaTes, I tell thEM that I thInk thEre is ramPant discrIMInation aGaiNst Non-engLISh Speakers and enCOUragE tHem to adOpt americaNizEd fIrsT naMeS for the joB market. VErY fEw Of My sTudenTS choose tO dO so — EiTheR a tesTImony tO the iDentItY cOSt oF pretenDInG TO be sOmEoNe yoU arEn’T, or poSsibLY thEir lack Of faith in My aSSessMeNt Of the amOunt of discrimInAtion.)

I was tAlKinG with oNE Of my collEagues about this study. He tHInks it wIll Be a veRy imPortant anD inFluentIal ONe.

My reSponse, “tru daT.” hTtpS://TWitteR.COm/Ms_tJp/Status/598962444443062272

PhotO OF #FeRgusoN pRoteSters at mORE office, Thursday, mAy 14, 2015.

#CUtTheCheck. ThaT’s tHe haSHTaG foR blACk aCtIVisTS Demanding paymenT from white LiBErAls for takiNG paRt In the moNths-lonG protESts in FeRguson, MisSouri over ThE polICE shOoting deatH of unarmEd Black teENaged CRiMinal micHael BrOwN in A confRontatIOn wIth whIte FerGuSon polIce ofFiCer DarreN Wilson last August.

Black aCtivisTs helD a sIt-in at the OffICe oF
 who do not “sound black”earn essen tiall y t hesa me a s wh ites.

(It tur n s ou t you don’t want to so und s ou t hern ,  e ither . Altho u gh p ret ty  i mpr ec i se ly es tim ated, i t is almos t a sbad for your wa ges to sou ndsouthern asitis toso und black , e ven c ontrol l ing fo r whether  y o u live in thes o ut h.)
So what does thi s  a l l mean?

The f irst q ue s ti o n  to  as k is wheth er  thei mpact o f  s p e e cho n wages is acausal one. Itis pos si ble that t herear e  ma ny other ch arac teristics  thatd iffer b e tween b lackswho  do  ord ono t “ so u ndb la ck” tha t Grogge rca nnotcont r o l forinhisregre ssions. It do esseem lik ely t hat t he b ia ses a t work  woul dmake his estima te a n upper b oun d.  (A lt hough it sho uld  al so be n oted th a t h is e s ti mates are for youn gp e op le, andthe im p or ta n ce of sp ee chmayb e comeimpo r ta nt withage, i n  w hi ch case  h is res ul tsmig ht un d eres timate  the lon g-run effects.)

Ifo ne believes G r og g e r’ s  eff ect s are causa l, t h en i nves t in g i n  theabili ty to not “sound black” l oo ks tohavea huge return  — roughly o f  the sam e ma g ni t ude as getting  onemore yearo f school ing.
Of cour se, there i s the is sue  of  on e’s i de ntity. Therem a y be  p ersonal  co sts ass oci ate d w ith  b eing blac k and no tso un di ngblack .  But the se  co st s w ouldh ave to  be p rett yla r ge.  (WhenI  h a v e As ia nPh.D . s tu dents  goo n t he jobmarket in  th e  Uni te dStates,  I tell themth at I think  t her e is r a m pant dis crimination against non - English  sp eaker s an d encoura gethem t o a d opt Am erican izedfi rst n amesf o rthe  j ob market. V ery  fewof  mystudent s choose to do so—  ei ther a testim ony  tot h eide n ti t y c os t  of p retending to be  someone y ou ar en’t, or p o ssi bl y their  lack o f fai t h in my  assessme nt of the  a moun t ofdiscrimina tion.)
I was tal k ing w i th  oneofmy col le agu es ab out th i s s tudy.  He th in ks itwillbe  a veryimportant and influenti al one .

My  re sponse, “ Tru dat .” https: //tw itter.com/ ms_ tjp /stat us/ 5 98962 4444 4 30 622 7 2

Ph otoo f #Fergus o npro t e st ers at MORE o f fic e, Th urs d ay, Ma y 14 , 2015.

#CutTheC h eck. That’s th e ha s h tag  fo r  Bla ck  activists dem and in g paymentfr om white li berals f or takin g part  in th e month s - lo n g prot ests  in  Ferguson , M is s ouri ov er  t h e poli ce s ho otingdeatho f un a r med Black teenag ed cr i m inalM ich ael B ro wn in a conf rontationwith whiteFergus on p olice  office rDarren  Wi ls on last Au g ust.

Bla ck ac tivists  h elda s it-inat t h e  offi ce o f
 who_do not_“sound black” earn essentially_the same_as_whites.

(It turns_out_you don’t want_to sound southern,_either. Although pretty imprecisely_estimated, it is_almost_as bad for your wages to sound southern as it is to sound black,_even_controlling for_whether_you_live in the south.)

So what_does this all mean?

The first_question to_ask is whether the impact of speech on_wages_is a causal_one. It is possible that there are many other_characteristics that differ between blacks who_do or do_not_“sound_black” that Grogger cannot_control for in his regressions. It_does seem likely that the biases_at work would make his estimate an_upper bound. (Although it should also_be noted that his estimates_are for_young people, and the importance_of speech may_become important_with age, in_which case his results might underestimate_the long-run effects.)

If_one believes Grogger’s effects are causal,_then_investing in the_ability_to_not “sound_black” looks to_have_a huge_return_— roughly of the same magnitude_as_getting one more year of schooling.

Of course,_there is the issue_of_one’s identity. There may_be personal costs associated with_being black and not sounding black._But these_costs would_have to be pretty large. (When I have Asian Ph.D. students_go on the job market in_the United States, I_tell them_that_I think there_is_rampant discrimination_against non-English speakers and encourage them to_adopt Americanized_first names for the job market._Very few of my_students_choose to do so — either_a testimony to the identity cost_of pretending to be someone_you_aren’t,_or possibly their lack of_faith in my assessment of the_amount of discrimination.)

I_was talking with one of my colleagues_about_this study. He thinks it will_be_a very important and influential one.

My_response,_“Tru_dat.” https://twitter.com/ms_tjp/status/598962444443062272

Photo of #Ferguson protesters_at MORE office, Thursday, May 14,_2015.

#CutTheCheck. That’s the hashtag for Black activists demanding payment_from white liberals_for taking part in the_months-long_protests_in Ferguson, Missouri over the police shooting death of unarmed_Black teenaged_criminal Michael Brown_in a confrontation with white Ferguson police officer Darren Wilson_last August.

Black activists held a sit-in at_the office of