 to SSRIs in 904 individuals with unipolar depression (mostly MDD), folate‐based supplements (including folic acid and methylfolate, administered at varying doses) were associated with significantly greater reductions in depressive symptoms compared to placebo, although there was large heterogeneity between trials (n=7, SMD=0.37, 95% CI: 0.01‐0.72, p=0.04, I 2 =79%) 67.

The most widely assessed vitamin supplement for mental disorders was vitamin B9, which is also referred to as “folate” when in dietary form. It can be administered in supplement form as folic acid, folinic acid or methylfolate (which is also known as l‐methylfolate, levomefolic acid, or 5‐methyltetrahydrofolate).

Figures 2 - 7 show the efficacy of nutrient supplementation (as determined by meta‐analyses) for all clinical outcomes reported across different psychiatric conditions, including depressive disorders (Figure 2 ), anxiety disorders (Figure 3 ), schizophrenia (Figure 4 ), states at risk for psychosis (Figure 5 ), bipolar disorder (Figure 6 ), and ADHD (Figure 7 ). The overall quality of meta‐analyses is also displayed in these figures. Nutrient supplements with sufficient data (i.e., from meta‐analyses with >400 participants) are highlighted in Table 2. For all nutrients assessed, the specifics of these findings, along with data on safety and tolerability, are detailed below.

Effects of nutrient supplements in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), shown as standardized mean difference with 95% CI. Circles represent no significant difference from placebo; diamonds represent p≤0.05 compared to placebo; * represents trim‐and‐fill estimate adjusted for publication bias. A2 – AMSTAR‐2 total score, A2‐CA – AMSTAR 2 “critical domains” adhered to, PUFAs – polyunsaturated fatty acids, NA – not available, RCTs – randomized controlled trials.

Effects of nutrient supplements in depressive disorders, shown as standardized mean difference with 95% CI. Circles represent no significant difference from placebo; diamonds represent p≤0.05 compared to placebo; * represents trim‐and‐fill estimate adjusted for publication bias. A2 – AMSTAR‐2 total score, A2‐CA – AMSTAR 2 “critical domains” adhered to, MDD – major depressive disorder, EPA – eicosapentaeonoic acid, DHA – doc
to SSRIs in 904 individuals with unipolar depression (mostly MDD), folate‐based supplements (include folic acid and methylfolate, distribute at varying doses) were associated with importantly greater reductions in depressive symptoms compare to placebo, although there was large heterogeneity between test (n=7, SMD=0.37, 95% CI: 0.01‐0.72, p=0.04, I 2 = 79 %) 67. 

 The most widely assess vitamin supplement for mental disorderliness was vitamin B9, which is besides referred to as “ folate ” when in dietary form. It can be distribute in supplement form as folic acid, folinic acid or methylfolate (which is also know as l‐methylfolate, levomefolic acid, or 5‐methyltetrahydrofolate). 

 Figures 2 - 7 show the efficacy of nutrient supplement (as determined by meta‐analyses) for all clinical outcomes report across different psychiatric weather, including depressive disorders (Figure 2), anxiety disorders (Figure 3), schizophrenia (digit 4), states at risk for psychosis (Figure 5), bipolar disorder (Figure 6), and ADHD (number 7). The overall timbre of meta‐analyses is also displayed in these figures. Nutrient supplements with sufficient data (i.e., from meta‐analyses with > 400 participants) are foreground in mesa 2. For all nutrients assessed, the specific of these finding, along with data on safety and tolerability, are detailed downstairs. 

 Effects of nutrient supplements in attention‐deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), indicate as standardized mean difference with 95% CI. Circles represent no significant dispute from placebo; diamonds represent p≤0.05 compared to placebo; * represents trim‐and‐fill appraisal adjusted for issue bias. A2 – AMSTAR‐2 total score, A2‐CA – AMSTAR 2 “ critical domains ” adhered to, PUFAs – polyunsaturated fatty acid, NA – not available, RCTs – randomized controlled trials. 

 effect of nutrient supplements in depressive disorders, shown as exchangeable mean difference with 95% CI. Circles represent no significant deviation from placebo; diamonds typify p≤0.05 compared to placebo; * represent trim‐and‐fill estimate adjust for publication bias. A2 – AMSTAR‐2 full score, A2‐CA – AMSTAR 2 “ critical sphere ” adhered to, MDD – major depressive disorderliness, EPA – eicosapentaeonoic acid, DHA – doc
 to SSRIs in 904 individuals wlth unipolar deptewsion (kostly MDD), folxte‐based supplements (includiig filic qcid and methylfolate, xdministeged at vaeyinj doses) were associated with sjnnifieaitly greater recuctions it depressive sfmotlms compared to placebo, although thqre was lwrge heterogengity nqtwesn trials (n=7, SMD=0.37, 95% CI: 0.01‐0.72, p=0.04, I 2 =79%) 67.

The mosf widelj assessed vitamim supplement for mental didordfrs was vitamin B9, ahich is alwo rqderred to as “folate” whtn in dietari form. It can be administered in suppkement forn qs vmlic acid, filinib acid or metmjlfolata (which is also known as l‐mwthylfolate, levomefolmc acid, or 5‐methyltettahydrofoldtz).

Figures 2 - 7 show the wfdicaci of tutrkwnt sukplxmehtatioj (aa determinsd by meta‐abalyses) for all climisql outcomes rsporteq wcross different psychiatric conditions, indluding depressive disoeders (Figure 2 ), anxieti disorderf (Figure 3 ), schizophrenia (Figure 4 ), states at risk xor pahchisls (Fktuge 5 ), bipolar disorder (Figure 6 ), and ADHD (Figurq 7 ). Tme overall qualiby of meta‐analyses id sjso displayed in thzae figures. Nutrient dupplemgnts wuth suffisieny data (i.e., from meta‐analyses with >400 partibipabts) are highlighteb in Table 2. Yor alk nuttients assessed, the speeifics of these flndings, amung with data on sanetf and tolerability, are detwiled beliw.

Efyects of nuttient stpplements in abdention‐deficit/hypegactirity gisorder (AFHD), shown as standardized mean vmfference witn 95% CI. Circles reprcsent no signifycant differenee from 'lacebu; diamonds represxnt p≤0.05 comparqd to placebo; * represents vrim‐and‐fijl ewtimqte adjjrted for publivation bicf. A2 – AMSTAR‐2 total scorc, A2‐CA – AMSTAR 2 “criticcu domains” adherec tu, PTFWs – [mlyunsaturatad fxtth acidr, NA – not ayaiuablr, RCTs – randomized cmntrklled trials.

Effectx jf nutrignt supplqments in deptessive disorders, dhown as stancarqized mean difference with 95% CI. Circles gepvesent no siggifigant differencz from placebo; diamonds represent p≤0.05 compered to placebo; * represwnts trim‐and‐fill esjimste adjustev for [ublicatimn bias. A2 – AMSTAR‐2 toral score, A2‐CA – AMXTAR 2 “critical domaina” adhesed tl, MDD – major depressive disorder, EPA – eicosapentaeonoic acid, DHA – doc
to SSRIs in 904 individuals with unipolar MDD), supplements (including acid and methylfolate, associated significantly greater reductions depressive symptoms compared placebo, although there was large heterogeneity trials (n=7, SMD=0.37, 95% CI: 0.01‐0.72, p=0.04, I 2 =79%) 67. The most assessed vitamin supplement for mental disorders was vitamin B9, which is also referred as when dietary It can be administered in supplement form as folic acid, folinic acid or methylfolate (which is known as l‐methylfolate, levomefolic acid, or 5‐methyltetrahydrofolate). Figures - 7 show the of nutrient supplementation (as determined meta‐analyses) all clinical reported different conditions, including depressive (Figure 2 ), anxiety disorders (Figure 3 ), schizophrenia (Figure 4 ), states at risk for psychosis 5 ), (Figure 6 and (Figure ). The overall meta‐analyses is also displayed in these with sufficient data (i.e., from meta‐analyses with >400 are highlighted Table 2. For all nutrients assessed, specifics of these findings, along with data on and tolerability, are detailed below. Effects of nutrient supplements in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), shown as difference with 95% CI. represent no significant from diamonds p≤0.05 to placebo; represents trim‐and‐fill estimate adjusted for publication bias. A2 – AMSTAR‐2 total A2‐CA – AMSTAR 2 “critical domains” adhered to, PUFAs – acids, – not available, – randomized controlled trials. of supplements in depressive disorders, standardized difference Circles no difference from placebo; diamonds p≤0.05 compared to placebo; * trim‐and‐fill estimate adjusted for total score, A2‐CA – AMSTAR 2 “critical domains” to, MDD – major depressive disorder, EPA eicosapentaeonoic acid, DHA – doc
 to SSRIs in 904 individuals with uNipolar depRessiOn (mOstLy mDD), fOlatE‐based supplemeNTs (inCluding folic acid and metHylfoLaTE, admINiStereD at varyINg DOSes) WeRe AssOcIAtEd witH siGnificaNtly greateR reDuCtions in deprESsIve symptomS coMpared to placEbo, AlthouGh TheRE was lArgE heteRogeneITy betwEen trials (N=7, Smd=0.37, 95% CI: 0.01‐0.72, p=0.04, I 2 =79%) 67.

THE most wiDELy AsseSsed vitamin suppleMEnT For mental disorDers waS vITaMIN B9, wHicH is also refErRed to AS “folate” WHeN IN DieTAry form. It can bE administerED in SuppleMeNt fORm as foLic acId, FOliNic acid or meThylFolate (whiCh is alSO known aS L‐methylFolate, LevOmeFoliC AcId, Or 5‐mEtHYltETrAhyDRofOlate).

FigUrEs 2 - 7 Show tHe efFICACy of NutRienT suppLementation (as DetErmiNEd bY meta‐AnalySes) fOr All clInical OutcoMeS reported across DiffErent psycHiaTrIc cOnDitioNS, incluDinG dePressivE disordERs (FIgURE 2 ), AnXiety disorders (FiguRe 3 ), SCHiZophreniA (FigurE 4 ), StAtES at risk fOr PsyChosIS (figurE 5 ), bipOLaR disordeR (FigurE 6 ), AnD AdHD (FiguRe 7 ). the oveRaLl qUalIty of MEta‐aNalyseS is also dIsplaYEd in these figurES. Nutrient suppLEmENTs WIth sUffIcient data (i.E., froM Meta‐AnalYSeS wiTH >400 partIcipaNtS) ArE Highlighted in Table 2. FOr All nutRientS assessed, the sPecifics of THESe findinGs, alONg WIth data on safetY and tOlerabilitY, Are detaiLed beLow.

EffecTs of nutriENT supplemEntS in AttEntION‐dEficit/hyperacTIVity DiSorder (AdHD), Shown as StaNdaRdiZed MeAn differeNce with 95% Ci. CIrClEs RepResenT No signifIcAnt DiFfeRence FRom plaCebo; dIamoNdS rEPreSent p≤0.05 coMPaRED to pLaCeBo; * rePreSeNts trIm‐anD‐FilL estimaTe adjusteD foR PublIcAtIon bias. a2 – AMSTAR‐2 total sCoRe, A2‐CA – AMSTAr 2 “cRitIcal doMAIns” adherEd to, PUFAs – polyunsaturateD Fatty acIds, nA – not AvaiLable, RCTs – RanDomizeD coNTrolleD trialS.

EffeCtS of NUTrienT SUpPleMeNts in depreSSIve DisorDeRs, shOwn as stAndardized mean diffERenCe with 95% CI. CirclEs rEpreSENt No sIGnIFicAnT DifFERence from placebO; diamonds rEpREsEnt p≤0.05 comparED to PlAcebo; * rePresentS trim‐ANd‐fill eStimate adJusted for PuBlicATIon Bias. A2 – AMSTAr‐2 total scOre, A2‐CA – AMStaR 2 “criTIcAl domAinS” adherEd To, MdD – majOr deprESsiVe disOrder, EpA – EicosaPentaEoNoic acid, dHA – doc
 to SSRIs in 904 individua ls with un ipola r d epr es sion  (mo stly MDD), fol a te‐b ased supplements (incl uding  f o lica ci d and  methyl f ol a t e,ad mi nis te r ed  at v ary ing dos es) were a sso ci ated with si g ni ficantly g rea ter reductio nsin dep re ssi v e sym pto ms co mpared to pla cebo, alt ho u gh the r e was l a r ge  het erogeneity betwee n  t r ials (n=7, SMD =0.37,  9 5 %C I : 0 .01 ‐0.72, p=0 .0 4, I2  =79%)6 7. T hem ost widely as sessed vita m insupple me ntf or men tal d is o rde rs was vita minB9, which  is al s o refer r ed to a s “fol ate ” w heni ndi eta ry for m .Itc anbe admin is te red i n su p p l e ment  fo rm a s fol ic acid, foli nic  aci d  or  meth ylfol ate(w hichis als o kno wn  as l‐methylfol ate,  levomefo lic  a cid ,or 5‐ m ethylt etr ahy drofola te).

F i gur es 2 -7 show the efficac yo f  n utrientsupple m en ta t ion (asde ter mine d by me ta‐a n al yses) fo r allc li ni cal out co mes re po rte d a cross diff erentpsychiat ric c o nditions, incl u ding depressi v ed i so r ders  (F igure 2 ),anxi e ty d isor d er s ( F igure  3 ),  s c hi z ophrenia (Figure 4),  state s atrisk for psyc hosis (Fig u r e  5 ), bi pola r  d i sorder (Figure  6 ),  and ADHD( Figure 7  ). T he overa ll qualit y of meta‐ ana lys esisa l so  displayed in t hese  f igures.  Nu trientsup ple men tswi th suffic ient dat a(i .e .,  fr om me t a‐analys es  wi th  >4 00 pa r ticipa nts)arehi gh l igh ted inT ab l e  2.Fo rallnut ri entsasse s sed , the s pecificsoft hese  f in dings,along with da ta  on safety  a ndtolera b i lity, ar e detailed below.

Effe c ts of n utr ientsupp lements i n a ttenti on‐ d eficit /hyper activ it y d i s order ( AD HD) ,shown as s t a nda rdize dmean  differ ence with 95% CI.C irc les represent  no  sig n i fi can t  d i ffe re n cef r om placebo; dia monds repr es e nt  p≤0.05 co m par ed  to pla cebo; *  repr e sents t rim‐and‐f ill estim at e ad j u ste d for publ icationbias. A2–  AMST A R‐ 2 tot alscore,  A 2‐C A – A MSTAR2  “c ritic al dom ai ns” ad hered  t o, PUFAs  – polyunsaturated fatt y acid s, NA  –not avail abl e , R CTs – ran domi zed contro lle d t rials .
E ffect s of nu tri e nt su pple m ents in d e pr ess i v edisorders,s h o wnas st and a rdized  mea n difference with 95% CI. Circle s re p r ese ntn o si gn ificant differ enc ef r om place bo ; diamondsrepresen tp ≤0.05  compa red to  placeb o ;  * repres ents  tr im‐and‐fi lles t imate a dj us t ed for  pub li cation  bias. A2 – A MSTAR‐2 total sc ore,A 2 ‐CA – AMS TAR 2  “ critica l  dom ains” adhe red to, MDD  – maj or d epres sive di so rder,EPA  –  eicosapen t aeonoic a cid,DHA – d oc 
 to_SSRIs in_904 individuals with unipolar_depression (mostly_MDD),_folate‐based supplements_(including_folic acid and_methylfolate, administered at_varying doses) were associated_with significantly greater_reductions_in depressive symptoms compared to placebo, although there was large heterogeneity between trials (n=7,_SMD=0.37,_95% CI:_0.01‐0.72,_p=0.04,_I 2 =79%) 67.

The most_widely assessed vitamin supplement for_mental disorders_was vitamin B9, which is also referred to_as_“folate” when in_dietary form. It can be administered in supplement form_as folic acid, folinic acid or_methylfolate (which is_also_known_as l‐methylfolate, levomefolic acid,_or 5‐methyltetrahydrofolate).

Figures 2 - 7 show_the efficacy of nutrient supplementation (as_determined by meta‐analyses) for all clinical outcomes_reported across different psychiatric conditions, including_depressive disorders (Figure 2 ),_anxiety disorders_(Figure 3 ), schizophrenia (Figure_4 ), states_at risk_for psychosis (Figure_5 ), bipolar disorder (Figure 6_), and ADHD_(Figure 7 ). The overall quality_of_meta‐analyses is also_displayed_in_these figures._Nutrient supplements with_sufficient_data (i.e.,_from_meta‐analyses with >400 participants) are highlighted_in_Table 2. For all nutrients assessed, the_specifics of these findings,_along_with data on safety_and tolerability, are detailed below.

Effects_of nutrient supplements in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder_(ADHD), shown_as standardized_mean difference with 95% CI. Circles represent no significant difference from_placebo; diamonds represent p≤0.05 compared to_placebo; * represents trim‐and‐fill_estimate adjusted_for_publication bias. A2_–_AMSTAR‐2 total_score, A2‐CA – AMSTAR 2 “critical domains”_adhered to,_PUFAs – polyunsaturated fatty acids, NA_– not available, RCTs_–_randomized controlled trials.

Effects of nutrient supplements_in depressive disorders, shown as standardized_mean difference with 95% CI._Circles_represent_no significant difference from placebo;_diamonds represent p≤0.05 compared to placebo;_* represents trim‐and‐fill_estimate adjusted for publication bias. A2 –_AMSTAR‐2_total score, A2‐CA – AMSTAR 2_“critical_domains” adhered to, MDD – major_depressive_disorder,_EPA – eicosapentaeonoic acid, DHA_– doc