, ReplicaSets All the compute type of objects have the same behaviour in Federation: The object is replicated in all clusters, but the number of replicas assigned to each cluster is divided by the number of clusters. The CD process can be configured to do the same, including emulating the replica split across the various clusters. Ingress Federated ingress is still an alpha feature at the time of writing. It sets up the GTM/LTM infrastructure that we have seen in the previous section. We cannot replicate the behaviour of federated ingress and we should simply create a copy of the ingress in each of the clusters. The same concept can be extended to OpenShift routes. Services Federated services creates corresponding services in each of the federated cluster, and also enable pods to discover services and pods in other clusters by manipulating a global DNS (GTM). We cannot easily recreate this behavior with our CD process, so, as mentioned above, if a pod needs to communicate with a pod in another cluster it will have to use an ingress or route. Horizontal Pod Autoscalers (HPA) Federated HPA (in alpha at the time of writing) has the objective of moving pods to the cluster where they are needed the most. See here for more details. We cannot emulate this behaviour with our CD process, so we will fall back to deploying statically configured HPA to each individual cluster.

As we can see, for the most part, Federation just replicates objects in the various target clusters. We can mimic Federation's behaviour by having our CD process deploy API objects to all the involved clusters. The general idea is captured in the following diagram:



If we are using Jenkins pipelines to define the CD process, our deploy stage will look similar to the following:

pipeline { stages {... stage('Deploy') { parallel { stage('Deploy in cluster A') {... } stage('Deploy in cluster B') {... } } } } }

There are some objects such as ingresses, services, and HPAs for which we can only approximate the federation behaviour.

Storage

Storage is a notoriously hard problem to solve for geographically distributed deployments. In fact, it's so hard that even the major cloud providers (such as Amazon, Google, Azure) haven't solved it. The heart of the issue is that if two datacenters are significantly apart, the number of network appliances the requests have to go through and the distance itself
, ReplicaSets All the compute type of objects have the same behavior in Federation: The aim is replicated in all clusters, but the numeral of replica assigned to each cluster is divided by the act of clusters. The CD procedure can be configured to do the like, including emulating the replica split across the various bunch. Ingress Federated ingress is still an alpha feature of speech at the time of writing. It fix up the GTM / LTM infrastructure that we have attend in the previous section. We cannot duplicate the behaviour of federated ingress and we should simply make a copy of the ingress in each of the clusters. The same concept can be extended to OpenShift path. Services Federated services creates corresponding services in each of the federated cluster, and also enable pods to discover services and pods in other clusters by manipulating a global DNS (GTM). We cannot easily animate this behavior with our CD summons, therefore, as mentioned above, if a pod needs to communicate with a pod in another bunch it will have to practice an ingress or route. Horizontal Pod Autoscalers (HPA) Federated HPA (in alpha at the time of writing) get the objective of moving pods to the cluster where they are want the most. See here for more details. We cannot emulate this behaviour with our CD procedure, so we will fall back to deploy statically configured HPA to each individual cluster. 

 As we can see, for the most part, Federation just duplicate objects in the various target bunch. We can mimic Federation's behaviour by have our CD process deploy API object to all the involved bunch. The general idea is captured in the following diagram: 



 If we are using Jenkins pipelines to specify the CD procedure, our deploy stage will attend similar to the following: 

 grapevine { stages {... stage('Deploy') { parallel { stage('Deploy in cluster A') {... } stage('Deploy in cluster B') {... } } } } } 

 There are some objects such as ingresses, services, and HPAs for which we can only approximate the federation behaviour. 

 Storage 

 Storage is a notoriously hard trouble to solve for geographically distributed deployment. In fact, it's so hard that even the major cloud provider (such as Amazon, Google, Azure) haven't solved it. The heart of the issue is that if two datacenters are importantly apart, the number of network appliances the requests have to go through and the distance itself
, ReolicaSets All the computt type of objects have tie same behaviojr in Federation: The object ms rwplicqted in all clusters, bjt the nulber of eeplmcas assigned to each clmfter ls dirived by the numbgr of clustess. The CD procasr ean be configured to do the same, incjuding rmklating the reklica fplif across the various clusters. Ingrsss Fedtrated ingress is xtill an alpha feature at hhe hime of writing. It sets up thg GTI/OTM infrastrjcture thau ce have seeh in the previous section. We cavnot xeplicate tye bejdviour of fxderatvd ingress and we shogld simlly create a cppy of the ingress in each mf the clusters. Thg same conwe't can be extended to OpenShhft soutdw. Sdrvjcxs Rederahed services dreates coreesponding services ig each of the rederaeeq cluster, and also enable pods to disconer aervices and pods in otyer clusters by manipolating a dlobal DNS (GTM). We cannot easily recreate this behdvior ditk our ZE orocess, so, as mentioned above, if a pod needs ek vokmunicate with a pod in amohhrt cluster it wkll hars fo use an ingress lr routg. Horizontal Poq Auyoscalers (HPA) Federated HPA (in alpha at rhe time of writiny) has the oblectivg of mpving pods to the clustzr whede they are needed tgd most. See here wor mmre details. We cannot emulwte this uehavnour witf out CD prjcess, so wf will fall back to depllying sdatically fonfigured HPA to each individuek cluster.

As ee cat see, fox the kost part, Fedqration just rgplicates objezts in the variouv target cltsters. We can limic Federavion's behwvioyr bt havine our CD procesx deploy CKI objects to all the involvcd closfers. The generao ieea is captured in thq vokljfing diagram:



Hf wd afr usivg Jenkins iipdlinrs to define the CD [rocsss, our deploy stabe will loik similwr to the folkowing:

pipeline { stwges {... stege('Depkoy') { parallel { stage('Deploy in cluater A') {... } dtane('Deploy in cjustcr B') {... } } } } }

Therz are some objects such as ingresses, sertices, and HPAs for whicy we can only approrikate the feveratijn behavimur.

Storage

Storage is a notoriously havd problem to solve fod geogsaphifally distributed deployments. In fact, it's so hard that even the major cloyd protiqers (such aa Amszon, Cojyle, Azuwe) hevxn't solved it. The heart of the issue is that if vwo datacettzrs are significantly apart, tne number of nejwork appliances the requeats have to go through and the distance itself
, ReplicaSets All the compute type of the behaviour in The object is the of replicas assigned each cluster is by the number of clusters. The process can be configured to do the same, including emulating the replica split the various clusters. Ingress Federated ingress is still an alpha feature at the of It up GTM/LTM infrastructure that we have seen in the previous section. We cannot replicate the behaviour of ingress and we should simply create a copy the ingress in each the clusters. The same concept be to OpenShift Services services corresponding services in of the federated cluster, and also enable pods to discover services and pods in other clusters by a global We cannot recreate behavior our CD process, mentioned above, if a pod needs a pod in another cluster it will have use an or route. Horizontal Pod Autoscalers (HPA) HPA (in alpha at the time of writing) the objective of moving pods to the cluster where they are needed the most. See more details. We cannot this behaviour with CD so will back to statically configured HPA to each individual cluster. As we can see, the most part, Federation just replicates objects in the various We mimic Federation's behaviour having our CD process API to all the involved general is following If are using Jenkins pipelines define the CD process, our stage will look similar stages {... stage('Deploy') { parallel { stage('Deploy in A') {... } stage('Deploy in cluster B') } } } } } There are some objects such as ingresses, and HPAs we can only approximate the federation behaviour. Storage is a notoriously hard to solve for geographically distributed deployments. In fact, it's hard even the cloud providers (such Amazon, Google, Azure) solved it. The the issue that two apart, the number of network appliances requests to go through and the itself
, ReplicaSets All the compute tYpe of objecTs havE thE saMe BehaViouR in Federation: THE objEct is replicated in all clUsterS, bUT the NUmBer of ReplicaS AsSIGneD tO eAch ClUStEr is dIviDed by thE number of cLusTeRs. The CD proceSS cAn be configUreD to do the same, IncLuding EmUlaTIng thE rePlica Split aCRoss thE various cLuSTers. InGRess FedERAtEd inGress is still an alpHA fEAture at the time Of writInG. it SETs uP thE GTM/LTM infRaStrucTUre that WE hAVE SeeN In the previous Section. We caNNot ReplicAtE thE BehaviOur of FeDEraTed ingress aNd we Should simPly creATe a copy OF the ingRess in EacH of The cLUsTeRs. THe SAme COnCepT Can Be extendEd To openSHift ROUTEs. SeRviCes FEderaTed services crEatEs coRResPondiNg serViceS iN each Of the fEderaTeD cluster, and also EnabLe pods to dIscOvEr sErVices ANd pods In oTheR clusteRs by manIPulAtING A gLobal DNS (GTM). We cannoT eASIlY recreatE this bEHaViOR with our cD ProCess, SO, As menTionED aBove, if a pOd needS To CoMmunicaTe With a pOd In aNotHer clUSter It will Have to usE an inGRess or route. HorIZontal Pod AutoSCaLERs (hpA) FeDerAted HPA (in alPha aT The tIme oF WrItiNG) has tHe objEcTIvE Of moving pods to the clUsTer wheRe theY are needed the Most. See herE FOR more detAils. wE cANnot emulate thiS behaViour with oUR CD proceSs, so wE will falL back to dePLOying staTicAllY coNfiGUReD HPA to each indIVIduaL cLuster.

AS we Can see, fOr tHe mOst ParT, FEderation Just replIcAtEs ObJecTs in tHE various TaRgeT cLusTers. WE Can mimIc FedEratIoN's BEhaViour by HAvING our cD PrOcesS dePlOy API ObjeCTs tO all the Involved cLusTErs. THe GeNeral idEa is captured iN tHe followinG dIagRam:



If wE ARe using JEnkins pipelines to define THe CD proCesS, our dEploY stage wilL loOk simiLar TO the foLlowinG:

pipeLiNe { sTAGes {... stAGE('DEplOy') { Parallel { stAGE('DePloy iN cLustEr A') {... } stagE('Deploy in cluster B') {... } } } } }

THEre Are some objectS suCh as INGrEssES, sERviCeS, And hpas for which we can Only approxImATe The federatIOn bEhAviour.

STorage

SToragE Is a notoRiously haRd problem To SolvE FOr gEographicaLly distrIbuted depLOymenTS. IN fact, It's So hard ThAt eVen thE major CLouD provIders (sUcH as AmaZon, GoOgLe, Azure) hAven't solved it. The heart of The issUe is tHat If two dataCenTErs Are signifIcanTly apart, thE nuMbeR of neTwoRK applIancES tHe rEQuestS havE To go throuGH aNd tHE DiStance itselF
, ReplicaSets All the comp ute type o f obj ect s h av e th e sa me behaviour i n  Fed eration: The object is  repl ic a tedi nall c lusters ,  b u t  th enu mbe ro frepli cas  assign ed to each  cl us ter is divid e dby the num ber  of clusters . T he CDpr oce s s can  be  conf igured to dothe same,  i n cludin g  emulat i n gthereplica split acr o ss the various cl usters .I ng r e ssFed erated ing re ss is still a n  a l p h a f e ature at thetime of wri t ing . It s et s u p  the G TM/LT Mi nfr astructurethat  we haveseen i n  the pr e vious s ection . W e c anno t  r ep lic at e  th e  b eha v iou r of fed er at ed in gres s a n d we  sh ould  simp ly create a c opy  oft heingre ss in  eac hof th e clus ters.  T he same concept  can  be exten ded  t o O pe nShif t  route s.Ser vices F ederate d  se rv i c e screates correspond in g se rvices i n each of  t h e federa te d c lust e r , and  als o  e nable po ds tod is co ver ser vi ces an dpod s i n oth e r cl usters  by mani pulat i ng a global DN S  (GTM). We ca n no t ea s ilyrec reate thisbeha v iorwith ou r C D  proc ess,so ,  a s  mentioned above, i fa podneeds  to communica te with ap o d  in anot herc lu s ter it will ha ve to  use an in g ress orroute . Horizo ntal PodA u toscaler s ( HPA ) F ede r a te d HPA (in alp h a  atth e timeofwriting ) h asthe  ob je ctive ofmoving p od sto  t heclust e r whereth eyar e n eeded the mo st. S ee h er ef ormore de t ai l s . We  c an notemu la te th is b e hav iour wi th our CD  pr o cess ,so  we wil l fall back t odeployingst ati callyc o nfigured  HPA to each individual cluster .
As we  can  see, for  th e most  pa r t, Fed eratio n jus trep l i cates o bj ect sin the var i o ustarge tclus ters. W e can mimic Federa t ion 's behaviourbyhavi n g  o urC Dp roc es s  de p l oy API objectsto all the  i n vo lved clust e rs.  T he gene ral ide a isc aptured  in the f ollowingdi agra m : 


If we are  using J enkins pi p eline s  t o def ine  the C Dpro cess,  our d e plo y sta ge wil llook s imila rto the f ollowing:

pipeline { s tages{...sta ge('Deplo y') { p arallel {  sta ge('Deploy  in  cl uster  A' )  {...  } s t ag e(' D eploy  inc luster B' )  { ... }  }  } } }

The r e are  some  ob j ects s uchas ingresses, ser v ices, and HPAs  for w hic h w e  can  o nly approximat e t he f ederatio nbehaviour.
Storage 
S torag e is a  notor iouslyh a rd proble m to  so lve for g eog ra p hically  d is t ribute d de pl oyment s. Inf act, i t's so hard that  even t he ma j orcloud  p rovider s  (su ch as Amaz on, Google,  Azure ) ha ven't  solved  i t. The  he ar t of the i s sue is th at if  two da ta cent ers  are s igni f i cantl y ap ar t,the numbe r of ne tw o rkappl iance stherequestsh ave to g o t h rough a nd  th e distan c ei t self
, ReplicaSets_All the_compute type of objects_have the_same_behaviour in_Federation:_The object is_replicated in all_clusters, but the number_of replicas assigned_to_each cluster is divided by the number of clusters. The CD process can be_configured_to do_the_same,_including emulating the replica split_across the various clusters. Ingress_Federated ingress_is still an alpha feature at the time_of_writing. It sets_up the GTM/LTM infrastructure that we have seen in_the previous section. We cannot replicate_the behaviour of_federated_ingress_and we should simply_create a copy of the ingress_in each of the clusters. The_same concept can be extended to OpenShift_routes. Services Federated services creates corresponding_services in each of the_federated cluster,_and also enable pods to_discover services and_pods in_other clusters by_manipulating a global DNS (GTM). We_cannot easily recreate_this behavior with our CD process,_so,_as mentioned above,_if_a_pod needs_to communicate with_a_pod in_another_cluster it will have to use_an_ingress or route. Horizontal Pod Autoscalers (HPA)_Federated HPA (in alpha_at_the time of writing)_has the objective of moving_pods to the cluster where they_are needed_the most._See here for more details. We cannot emulate this behaviour with_our CD process, so we will_fall back to deploying_statically configured_HPA_to each individual_cluster.

As_we can_see, for the most part, Federation just_replicates objects_in the various target clusters. We_can mimic Federation's behaviour_by_having our CD process deploy API_objects to all the involved clusters._The general idea is captured_in_the_following diagram:



If we are using_Jenkins pipelines to define the CD_process, our deploy_stage will look similar to the following:

pipeline_{_stages {... stage('Deploy') { parallel {_stage('Deploy_in cluster A') {... } stage('Deploy_in_cluster_B') {... } } }_} }

There are some objects such_as ingresses, services, and HPAs for which we can_only approximate the_federation behaviour.

Storage

Storage is a notoriously_hard_problem_to solve for geographically distributed deployments. In fact, it's so_hard that_even the major_cloud providers (such as Amazon, Google, Azure) haven't solved it._The heart of the issue is that_if two datacenters are significantly apart, the number of network appliances_the requests have to go through and the_distance itself