 body's ability to function at full performance in the presence of a limited amount of damage leads to the concept of “longevity escape velocity,” whereby we only need to approach that ideal at a rate faster than damage is accumulating—a task that, when one looks at the numbers, appears extremely feasible once we have achieved only a few decades of postponement of age-related ill health.



“…or the ‘direction’ of evolution.”



There is no such thing as the direction of evolution. Populations of living systems adapt to changing environments by use of natural selection, but not necessarily by becoming more complex.



“…while there is ongoing research aiming at identifying specific agents that may have an effect on each and every one of the seven types of damages involved in the repair-only rationale, there is no consideration of the pharmacological or clinical consequences of this research.”



The argument that Kyriazis introduces here is predicated on the assumption that antiaging interventions would manipulate our metabolism, and thus would have the plethora of unintended side effects and interactions with each other that we know to be typical of today's pharmaceuticals. Again, however, this misses the whole point of SENS. The fact that physical and mental function does not begin to deteriorate significantly until the age of at least 40 tells us that the body is set up to tolerate a certain amount of damage—and, indeed, this should be no surprise because it is also the case for simple, man-made machines. What that means is that this subpathogenic damage is entirely passive: It is not participating in metabolism and only starts to do so when it becomes too abundant. Thus, there is far less risk of unintended side effects and interactions from therapies that target this damage than from typical therapies.



“There is no discussion, not even in tentative theoretical terms, about the frequency of the intervention and its duration.”



On the contrary, I have often noted that these therapies can be expected to be repeated about every decade, and that in some cases more frequent administration may become preferred if their mode of delivery becomes particularly convenient (such as oral).



“…the use of enzyme replacement therapy with Imiglucerase as a therapy for Gaucher's disease involves 2-hr sessions of intravenous administration of the compound, which need to be repeated every 2 weeks, at a cost of $200 000 per patient per year.”



Indeed—and this is one reason why SENS's proposal is not to emulate enzyme replacement therapy
body's ability to function at full performance in the bearing of a circumscribed sum of damage leads to the concept of “ longevity safety valve velocity, ” whereby we only want to set about that ideal at a rate quicker than price is accumulating — a job that, when one looks at the numbers, appear highly feasible once we have achieved only a few decade of postponement of age - associate ill health. 



 “ … or the ‘ direction ’ of evolution. ” 



 There is no such matter as the direction of evolution. population of living system adapt to changing environments by use of natural survival, but not necessarily by becoming more complex. 



 “ … while there is ongoing research aiming at identifying specific agents that may have an effect on each and every one of the seven types of damages involved in the repair - only rationale, there is no consideration of the pharmacological or clinical consequences of this inquiry. ” 



 The controversy that Kyriazis introduces here is predicated on the presumption that antiaging interposition would manipulate our metabolism, and thus would accept the plethora of unintended side effects and interactions with each early that we know to be typical of today's pharmaceuticals. Again, however, this misses the whole point of SENS. The fact that physical and mental function does not begin to deteriorate significantly until the old age of at least 40 tells us that the torso is set up to tolerate a certain amount of damage — and, indeed, this should be no surprise because it is besides the case for simple, man - made machines. What that means is that this subpathogenic damage is entirely passive: It is not participating in metamorphosis and only starts to do so when it becomes excessively abundant. Thus, there embody far less risk of unintended slope effects and interaction from therapies that target this damage than from typical therapies. 



 “ There is no discussion, not even in doubtful theoretical terms, about the frequency of the intervention and its duration. ” 



 On the contrary, I have often noted that these therapies can be expected to be repeated about every decade, and that in some casing more frequent administration may become preferred if their manner of delivery becomes particularly convenient (such as oral). 



 “ … the use of enzyme replacement therapy with Imiglucerase as a therapy for Gaucher's disease imply 2 - hr sessions of intravenous administration of the compound, which need to be repeated every 2 weeks, at a cost of $ 200 000 per affected role per year. ” 



 Indeed — and this is one reason why SENS's proposal is not to emulate enzyme replacement therapy
 bofy's ability to function xt full performcbce in the pdesence uf a limited amount of damagx leqds ti the concept of “longexity escaie velociry,” wiereby we only nxsd to ai'roacg thac mdeal at a rate faster thdn damage is awcjmblating—a task that, when one looks at the nukbfrs, appears exjremekr fezsible once we have achieved only z few dtcades of postponekent of age-related ill heapth.



“…og the ‘direction’ of evolution.”



Tyere us no such tfing as tht birection or evolution. Populations of livivg syxtems adapj fo whanging entironmvnts by use on naturdl selevtion, but not kecesvaruly by becoming more romplex.



“…while there if ongoing rzsearch aiming at idebtufyinc spacifkx aeenus vhaf may javx an effect on each ane every one of the xedvm types of dzmages igvolved in the repair-only rationale, thege ia no consideration of tye pharmacological or clinical consequences of this research.”



The argument that Kfriazms inuriducer hfre is predicated on the assumption that antiwfimg interventions would manilupayg our metabolirm, and thhs would have the olethorw of ynintendeq sice effects and interactions with each onher that we know to bz typical of todsy's pnarmaceuticals. Again, hocever, fhis misses the whols point of SENS. Tfe nacd that physical and mental function doex not bdgin to deeeriorate digninhcantly until the wge oy at neast 40 telps us that the body is set up to tolerate a cgrtdin amount jf dakage—and, indeeq, this should ye no suxprise because in is also the case fjr simple, man-kwde machines. What thwt mwans is thag this subpathobenic damcye is enturely passive: It ix nuf participating in metabolism and onuy ftwrvs to go so when id bezomdx too abundant. Tmus, thete is far less risk mf uhintended side effrcbs and injeractionf from therapoes that target thls dakagx than frjm typical therapies.



“There is nk discusslon, not even in tenbatide theoretncal terms, about the frequency of the invervention and its durarion.”



On the contrary, L have often noteq that thase therapies can be expected to be rtpeated about every deczde, ang thah in some cases more frequent administration may become preferred if theie mode of delivery becpmes iarcicblarly sonvxnment (such as oral).



“…nhe use of enzyme replacement thxrapy with Iiiglucerase as a therapy for Gxucher's diseare involves 2-hr sessions kf intrafenous administration of the cokpound, which need to be vepeated wvery 2 weeks, at a cost of $200 000 per pstient per tear.”



Indwed—akd this is one ressln why SEJS's kropksal is not to emulate enzyme replacemwnh therapy
body's ability to function at full performance presence a limited of damage leads escape whereby we only to approach that at a rate faster than damage accumulating—a task that, when one looks at the numbers, appears extremely feasible once have achieved only a few decades of postponement of age-related ill health. “…or ‘direction’ evolution.” is such thing as the direction of evolution. Populations of living systems adapt to changing environments by of natural selection, but not necessarily by becoming complex. “…while there is research aiming at identifying specific that have an on and one of the types of damages involved in the repair-only rationale, there is no consideration of the pharmacological or clinical of this argument that introduces is on the assumption interventions would manipulate our metabolism, and the plethora of unintended side effects and interactions each other we know to be typical of pharmaceuticals. Again, however, this misses the whole point SENS. The fact that physical and mental function does not begin to deteriorate significantly until of at least 40 us that the is up tolerate certain amount damage—and, indeed, this should be no surprise because it is also case for simple, man-made machines. What that means is that damage entirely passive: It not participating in metabolism only to do so when too Thus, less of side effects and interactions therapies that target this damage from typical therapies. “There in tentative theoretical terms, about the frequency of intervention and its duration.” On the contrary, have often noted that these therapies can be expected to be repeated every decade, in some cases more frequent administration may become if their mode of becomes particularly convenient (such as oral). “…the use of replacement with Imiglucerase a therapy for disease involves 2-hr of intravenous administration compound, which to repeated at a cost of $200 000 patient year.” Indeed—and this is one why is not to emulate enzyme replacement therapy
 body's ability to function at fUll performAnce iN thE prEsEnce Of a lImited amount of DAmagE leads to the concept of “loNgeviTy EScapE VeLocitY,” wherebY We ONLy nEeD tO apPrOAcH that IdeAl at a raTe faster thAn dAmAge is accumulATiNg—a task thaT, whEn one looks at The NumberS, aPpeARs extRemEly feAsible ONce we hAve achievEd ONly a feW Decades OF PoStpoNement of age-relateD IlL Health.



“…or the ‘dirEction’ Of EVoLUTioN.”



ThEre is no sucH tHing aS The direCTiON OF evOLution. PopulatIons of livinG SysTems adApT to CHanginG enviRoNMenTs by use of naTuraL selectioN, but noT NecessaRIly by beComing MorE coMpleX.



“…WhIlE thErE Is oNGoIng REseArch aimiNg At IdentIfyiNG SPEcifIc aGentS that May have an effeCt oN eacH And Every One of The sEvEn typEs of daMages InVolved in the repaIr-onLy rationaLe, tHeRe iS nO consIDeratiOn oF thE pharmaCologicAL or ClINICaL consequences of thiS rESEaRch.”



The arGument THaT KYRiazis inTrOduCes hERE is prEdicATeD on the asSumptiON tHaT antiagInG interVeNtiOns Would MAnipUlate oUr metaboLism, aND thus would have THe plethora of uNInTENdED sidE efFects and intEracTIons With EAcH otHEr thaT we knOw TO bE Typical of today's pharMaCeuticAls. AgAin, however, thiS misses the WHOLe point oF SENs. thE Fact that physicAl and Mental funcTIon does nOt begIn to deteRiorate siGNIficantlY unTil The Age OF At Least 40 tells us tHAT the BoDy is set Up tO toleraTe a CerTaiN amOuNt of damagE—and, indeEd, ThIs ShOulD be no SUrprise bEcAusE iT is Also tHE case fOr simPle, mAn-MaDE maChines. WHAt THAt meAnS iS thaT thIs SubpaThogENic Damage iS entirely PasSIve: IT iS nOt partiCipating in metAbOlism and onLy StaRts to dO SO when it bEcomes too abundant. Thus, thERe is far LesS risk Of unIntended sIde EffectS anD InteraCtions From tHeRapIES that TARgEt tHiS damage thaN FRom TypicAl TherApies.



“ThEre is no discussion, nOT evEn in tentative TheOretICAl TerMS, aBOut ThE FreQUEncy of the intervEntion and iTs DUrAtion.”



On the COntRaRy, I have Often noTed thAT these tHerapies cAn be expecTeD to bE REpeAted about eVery decaDe, and that IN some CAsEs morE frEquent AdMinIstraTion maY BecOme prEferreD iF their Mode oF dElivery bEcomes particularly conveNient (sUch as OraL).



“…the use of EnzYMe rEplacemenT theRapy with ImIglUceRase aS a tHErapy For GAUcHer'S DiseaSe inVOlves 2-hr seSSiOns OF InTravenous adMINIstRatioN of THe compOund, Which need to be repeATed every 2 weeks, aT a coST Of $200 000 pEr pATienT pEr year.”



Indeed—anD thIs IS One reasoN wHy SENS's propOsal is noT tO EmulaTe enzyMe replAcement THErAPy
 body's ability to functio n at fullperfo rma nce  i n th e pr esence of a li m ited  amount of damage lead s toth e  con c ep t of“longev i ty e sca pe  v elo ci t y, ” whe reb y we on ly need to  ap pr oach that id e al  at a rate  fa ster than da mag e is a cc umu l ating —ataskthat,w hen on e looks a tt he num b ers, ap p e ar s ex tremely feasibleo nc e  we have achie ved on ly af e w d eca des of pos tp oneme n t of ag e -r e l a ted ill health.


“…or the‘ dir ection ’ofe voluti on.”
The re is no su ch t hing as t he dir e ction o f  evolut ion. P opu lat ions of  l ivi ng sys t em s a d apt  to chan gi ng  envi ronm e n t s  byuse  ofnatur al selection,  bu t no t  ne cessa rilyby b ec oming  morecompl ex .



“…while th ereis ongoin g r es ear ch  aimi n g at i den tif ying sp ecifica gen ts t h at  may have an effec to n  e ach andeveryo ne  o f  the sev en  ty peso f  dama gesi nv olved in  the r e pa ir -only r at ionale ,the reis no cons iderat ion of t he ph a rmacological o r  clinical con s eq u e nc e s of  th is research .”

The  arg u me ntt hat K yriaz is in t roduces here is pre di catedon th e assumptionthat antia g i n g interv enti o ns would manipula te ou r metaboli s m, and t hus w ould hav e the ple t h ora of u nin ten ded  si d e  e ffects and in t e ract io ns with  ea ch othe r t hat  we  kn ow  to be ty pical of  t od ay 's  ph armac e uticals.  A gai n,  ho wever ,  thismisse s th ewh o lepoint o f  S E N S. T he  f acttha tphysi cala ndmentalfunctiondoe s  not  b eg in to d eteriorate si gn ificantlyun til  the a g e  of at l east 40 tells us that t h e bodyisset u p to  tolerate  acertai n a m ount o f dama ge—an d,  in d e ed, t h i ssho ul d be no su r p ris e bec au se i t is al so the case for si m ple , man-made ma chi nes. W ha t t h at mea ns ist h at this subpath ogenic dam ag e  i s entirely pas si ve: Itis notparti c ipating  in metab olism and  o nlys t art s to do so  when it  becomest oo ab u nd ant.Thu s, the re  is  farless r i skof un intend ed  sideeffec ts  and int eractions from therapie s that  targ etthis dama get han  from typ ical  therapies .


“ There  is no di scus s io n,n ot ev en i n  tentativ e  t heo r e ti cal terms,a b o utthe f req u ency o f th e intervention an d  its duration. ”

O n t hec ontr ar y, I have ofte n n ot e d  that th es e therapies  can beex p ected  to be  repea ted abo u t  e v ery de cade , a nd that i n s om e  casesmo re freque nt a dm inistr ationm ay b e c ome preferred if  thei r modeo f d elive ry  become s  par ticularlyconvenient(suchas o ral). 



“…t he  use o f e nz yme replac e ment ther apy w ith Imi gl ucer ase  as ather a p y for  Gau ch er' s disease i nv o lv es 2-h r se ssion sof i ntravenou s  adminis tra t ion ofth e c o m pound, wh i c h need toberepea t e d every 2w eeks ,  a t  a co st of$200 0 00 perp ati en t per y ear . ” 



Indee d—and thi s  is  o ne r eason wh ySENS 's  pr op osal is not toemulateenzyme r e p laceme ntt hera p y
 body's_ability to_function at full performance_in the_presence_of a_limited_amount of damage_leads to the_concept of “longevity escape_velocity,” whereby we_only_need to approach that ideal at a rate faster than damage is accumulating—a task_that,_when one_looks_at_the numbers, appears extremely feasible_once we have achieved only_a few_decades of postponement of age-related ill health.



“…or the_‘direction’_of evolution.”



There is_no such thing as the direction of evolution. Populations_of living systems adapt to changing_environments by use_of_natural_selection, but not necessarily_by becoming more complex.



“…while there is_ongoing research aiming at identifying specific_agents that may have an effect on_each and every one of the_seven types of damages involved_in the_repair-only rationale, there is no_consideration of the_pharmacological or_clinical consequences of_this research.”



The argument that Kyriazis introduces_here is predicated_on the assumption that antiaging interventions_would_manipulate our metabolism,_and_thus_would have_the plethora of_unintended_side effects_and_interactions with each other that we_know_to be typical of today's pharmaceuticals. Again,_however, this misses the_whole_point of SENS. The_fact that physical and mental_function does not begin to deteriorate_significantly until_the age_of at least 40 tells us that the body is set_up to tolerate a certain amount_of damage—and, indeed, this_should be_no_surprise because it_is_also the_case for simple, man-made machines. What that_means is_that this subpathogenic damage is entirely_passive: It is not_participating_in metabolism and only starts to_do so when it becomes too_abundant. Thus, there is far_less_risk_of unintended side effects and_interactions from therapies that target this_damage than from_typical therapies.



“There is no discussion, not even_in_tentative theoretical terms, about the frequency_of_the intervention and its duration.”



On the_contrary,_I_have often noted that these_therapies can be expected to be_repeated about every decade, and that in some cases_more frequent administration_may become preferred if their_mode_of_delivery becomes particularly convenient (such as oral).



“…the use of enzyme_replacement therapy_with Imiglucerase as_a therapy for Gaucher's disease involves 2-hr sessions of intravenous_administration of the compound, which need to_be repeated every 2 weeks, at a cost of $200 000_per patient per year.”



Indeed—and this is one reason_why SENS's proposal is not to emulate_enzyme replacement therapy