 easier to compare them to observed temperatures than other proxy reconstructions that may only have one value in a century or more.

Recent temperatures in Greenland are still likely below those experienced in the early Holocene. This is similar to what is found in global Holocene temperature reconstructions, such as the one published by Prof Shaun Marcott and colleagues in Science in 2013, which suggested that “current global temperatures of the past decade have not yet exceeded peak interglacial values, but are warmer than during ~75% of the Holocene temperature history”.

Recent temperatures are clearly higher than any seen in Greenland over the past two millennia. The figure below shows the ice core and observational temperature data zoomed in on the period from AD1 through to the present day.





Greenland temperature reconstruction over the past 2,000 years from Vinther et al 2009 and observational temperature data from Berkeley Earth with a 20-year smooth applied.

Looking into the future

Glossary RCP4.5: The RCPs (Representative Concentration Pathways) are scenarios of future concentrations of greenhouse gases and other forcings. RCP4.5 is a “stabilisation scenario” where policies are put in place so atmospheric CO2 concentration levels off around the middle of the century, though temperatures do not stabilise before 2100. These policies include a shift to low-carbon energy technologies and the deployment of carbon capture and storage. In RCP4.5, atmospheric CO2 sits at 540ppm by 2100 – roughly 140ppm higher than now – equivalent to 630ppm once other forcings are included (in CO2e). By 2100, global temperatures are likely to rise by 2-3C above pre-industrial levels. RCP4.5: The RCPs (Representative Concentration Pathways) are scenarios of future concentrations of greenhouse gases and other forcings. RCP4.5 is a “stabilisation scenario” where policies are put in place so atmospheric CO2 concentration levels… The RCPs (Representative Concentration Pathways) are scenarios of future concentrations of greenhouse gases and other forcings. RCP4.5 is a “stabilisation scenario” where policies are put in place so atmospheric CO2 concentration levels… Read More

While periods during the early Holocene – 7,000-11,000 years ago – may have been warmer in Greenland than the present day, if the present rate of warming continues, the Earth
easier to compare them to observed temperatures than other proxy reconstruction that may merely have one value in a century or more. 

 Recent temperature in Greenland are still likely below those feel in the early Holocene. This is like to what is found in global Holocene temperature reconstructions, such as the one published by Prof Shaun Marcott and colleague in Science in 2013, which suggested that “ current global temperature of the past ten have not yet exceeded peak interglacial value, but are warmer than during ~75% of the Holocene temperature history ”. 

 Recent temperature are clearly higher than any seen in Greenland over the past two millennium. The figure below shows the frosting core and observational temperature data zoomed in on the period from AD1 through to the present sidereal day. 





 Greenland temperature reconstruction over the past 2,000 years from Vinther et al 2009 and observational temperature data from Berkeley Earth with a 20 - year smooth applied. 

 Looking into the future 

 Glossary RCP4.5: The RCPs (Representative Concentration Pathways) are scenario of future concentrations of greenhouse gases and other forcings. RCP4.5 is a “ stabilisation scenario ” where policies are put in place so atmospheric CO2 concentration levels off around the center of the hundred, though temperatures do not stabilise before 2100. These policies admit a fault to low - carbon energy technologies and the deployment of carbon capture and storage. In RCP4.5, atmospheric CO2 sits at 540ppm by 2100 – approximately 140ppm higher than now – equivalent to 630ppm once other forcings are included (in CO2e). By 2100, global temperatures are likely to rise by 2 - 3C above pre - industrial levels. RCP4.5: The RCPs (Representative Concentration Pathways) are scenarios of future concentrations of greenhouse gases and early forcings. RCP4.5 is a “ stabilisation scenario ” where policy are put in place so atmospheric CO2 concentration levels … The RCPs (Representative Concentration Pathways) are scenario of future concentrations of greenhouse gases and other forcings. RCP4.5 is a “ stabilization scenario ” where policies are put in place so atmospheric CO2 assiduity levels … Read More 

 While periods during the early Holocene – 7,000 - 11,000 years ago – may have been warmer in Greenland than the present sidereal day, if the present rate of warming continues, the Earth
 eadier to compare them to ubserved tempercrures vhan otger proxh reconstructions that may oily yave ine value in a century or more.

Rvcent temperauures in Greenlanv are stljl ljnely uelow those expgrienced in dhe early Holoweve. This is similar to what is found ig globak Jolocene tempetaturt rqconanrmctions, such as the one publishes by Prmf Shaun Marcptt and colleagues in Sciejce ln 2013, which suggestef that “currght doobal temperxtures of uhz past decase have not yet exceeded peak ivtergkacial valozw, bkj are warmer than during ~75% of bne Holmcene trmperature hisbory”.

Rxcenr temperatures are clxarly higher than ani seen in Crzenland over the past tqo minlentia. Gye wighrx bslow sjowa the ice dore and obwervational temperauurq data zoomed jn on ehq period from AD1 through to the present dag.





Greenland temperature eeconstruction over tje past 2,000 rears from Vinther et al 2009 and observational tempesaturx aatc from Vegkeley Earth with a 20-year smooth applied.

Lookind imtp the future

Gljssary RCP4.5: Yhf TSPs (Representxtive Ekndentration Pathwayd) are ssenaruos of fuuure voncentrations of greenhousw gases and jrher forcings. RCP4.5 ns a “stabiliratipn scrnario” where policies axe put in place sl atmosphsfic CO2 concentragiok lavels off around the middlq of the rentuxy, thougf tekperattres do noh stanhlise before 2100. Thesf polncies include a shift to low-carbon energy techiplogies and jhe deiloyment jf cavbon capture anq storage. In REP4.5, atmos'heric CO2 sits an 540ppm by 2100 – roughly 140p[m higher that now – equivanent to 630[pm ince other wurcings are invluded (in CO2e). By 2100, goobal temperatures arg mikely to rise yv 2-3X above pre-induxtrkal lvveks. SCP4.5: The RCPs (Repfesdmtatixe Conctutrctkon Lathways) are scenarims or future concentrayijns of gteenhouse gases and otner forcings. RCP4.5 id a “svabiliratiom ssenario” where policies are put in place so atmospheric CO2 goncgntration lzvels… The RCPs (Representative Concentratmon Pathways) are scenatios of future concenjrauions of greeihouse gases ang other forcings. RCP4.5 is a “stabilisatipn scenario” where poljcies dre pkt in place so atmospheric CO2 concentration levels… Read More

While periods durinj ehe early Hklocrne – 7,000-11,000 yzarx ago – may iave been warmer pn Greenland than the present dab, if the psefent rate of warming continurs, the Earth
easier to compare them to observed temperatures proxy that may have one value Recent in Greenland are likely below those in the early Holocene. This is to what is found in global Holocene temperature reconstructions, such as the one by Prof Shaun Marcott and colleagues in Science in 2013, which suggested that global of past have not yet exceeded peak interglacial values, but are warmer than during ~75% of the Holocene history”. Recent temperatures are clearly higher than any in Greenland over the two millennia. The figure below the core and temperature zoomed on the period AD1 through to the present day. Greenland temperature reconstruction over the past 2,000 years from Vinther et 2009 and data from Earth a smooth applied. Looking future Glossary RCP4.5: The RCPs (Representative scenarios of future concentrations of greenhouse gases and forcings. RCP4.5 a “stabilisation scenario” where policies are in place so atmospheric CO2 concentration levels off the middle of the century, though temperatures do not stabilise before 2100. These policies include to low-carbon energy technologies the deployment of capture storage. RCP4.5, CO2 sits 540ppm by 2100 – roughly 140ppm higher than now – equivalent 630ppm once other forcings are included (in CO2e). By 2100, are to rise by above pre-industrial levels. RCP4.5: RCPs Concentration Pathways) are scenarios concentrations greenhouse forcings. is “stabilisation scenario” where policies put in place so atmospheric concentration levels… The RCPs of future concentrations of greenhouse gases and other RCP4.5 is a “stabilisation scenario” where policies put in place so atmospheric CO2 concentration levels… Read More While periods the early 7,000-11,000 years ago – may have been warmer Greenland than the present if the present rate of warming continues, the Earth
 easier to compare them to obseRved temperAtureS thAn oThEr prOxy rEconstructions THat mAy only have one value in a cEnturY oR More.

rEcEnt teMperatuREs IN greEnLaNd aRe STiLl likEly Below thOse experieNceD iN the early HolOCeNe. This is siMilAr to what is foUnd In globAl holOCene tEmpEratuRe recoNStructIons, such aS tHE one puBLished bY pRoF ShaUn Marcott and colleAGuES in Science in 2013, whIch sugGeSTeD THat “CurRent global TeMperaTUres of tHE pAST DecADe have not yet eXceeded peak INteRglaciAl ValUEs, but aRe warMeR ThaN during ~75% of thE HolOcene tempEraturE History”.

rEcent teMperatUreS arE cleARlY hIghEr THan ANy SeeN In GReenland OvEr The paSt twO MILLennIa. THe fiGure bElow shows the iCe cOre aND obServaTionaL temPeRaturE data zOomed In On the period from aD1 thRough to thE prEsEnt DaY.





GreeNLand teMpeRatUre recoNstructIOn oVeR THE pAst 2,000 years from VintheR eT AL 2009 aNd observAtionaL TeMpERature daTa FroM BerKELey EaRth wITh A 20-year smoOth appLIeD.

LOoking iNtO the fuTuRe

GLosSary Rcp4.5: The rCPs (RePresentaTive CONcentration PatHWays) are scenarIOs OF FuTUre cOncEntrations oF greENhouSe gaSEs And OTher fOrcinGs. rcP4.5 IS a “stabilisation scenArIo” wherE poliCies are put in pLace so atmoSPHEric CO2 coNcenTRaTIon levels off arOund tHe middle of THe centurY, thouGh temperAtures do nOT StabilisE beForE 2100. ThEse POLiCies include a sHIFt to LoW-carbon EneRgy techNolOgiEs aNd tHe DeploymenT of carboN cApTuRe And StoraGE. In RCP4.5, atMoSphErIc Co2 sits AT 540ppm by 2100 – RoughLy 140ppM hIgHEr tHan now – eQUiVALent To 630PpM oncE otHeR forcIngs ARe iNcluded (In CO2e). By 2100, glObaL TempErAtUres are Likely to rise bY 2-3C Above pre-inDuStrIal levELS. RCP4.5: The RcPs (Representative ConcenTRation PAthWays) aRe scEnarios of FutUre conCenTRationS of greEnhouSe GasES And otHER fOrcInGs. RCP4.5 is a “stABIliSatioN sCenaRio” wherE policies are put in pLAce So atmospheric cO2 cOnceNTRaTioN LeVEls… thE rCPS (rEpresentative CoNcentratioN PAThWays) are sceNAriOs Of futurE concenTratiONs of greEnhouse gaSes and othEr ForcINGs. RcP4.5 is a “stabiLisation Scenario” wHEre poLIcIes arE puT in plaCe So aTmospHeric Co2 ConCentrAtion lEvEls… ReaD More

whIle perioDs during the early HolocenE – 7,000-11,000 years Ago – maY haVe been warMer IN GrEenland thAn thE present daY, if The PreseNt rATe of wArmiNG cOntINues, tHe EaRTh
 easier to compare them to  observedtempe rat ure sthan  oth er proxy recon s truc tions that may only ha ve on ev alue in  a ce ntury o r  m o r e.
R ec ent  t e mp eratu res  in Gre enland are  st il l likely bel o wthose expe rie nced in theear ly Hol oc ene .  This  is  simi lar to what i s found i ng lobalH olocene t em pera ture reconstructi o ns ,  such as the o ne pub li s he d byPro f Shaun Ma rc ott a n d colle a gu e s inS cience in 201 3, which su g ges ted th at  “c u rrentgloba lt emp eratures of  the  past dec ade ha v e not y e t excee ded pe akint ergl a ci al  va lu e s,b ut  ar e  wa rmer tha ndu ring~75% o f theHol ocen e tem perature hist ory ”.
R ece nt te mpera ture sare c learly  high er  than any seenin G reenlandove rthe  p ast t w o mill enn ia.  The fi gure be l owsh o w s  t he ice core and ob se r v at ional te mperat u re  d a ta zoome dinon t h e  peri od f r om  AD1 thr ough t o  t he  presen tday.



G ree nland temp eratur e recons truct i on over the pa s t 2,000 years fr o m  V i nthe r e t al 2009 a nd o b serv atio n al  te m perat ure d at a  f r om Berkeley Earth w it h a 20 -year  smooth appli ed.

Looki n g into the  fut u re 
Glossary RCP4 .5: T he RCPs (R e presenta tiveConcentr ation Pat h w ays) are  sc ena rio s o f fu ture concentr a t ions  o f green hou se gase s a ndoth erfo rcings. R CP4.5 is  a  “ st ab ili satio n  scenari o”  wh er e p olici e s areput i n pl ac es o a tmosphe r ic C O2 c on ce ntra tio nlevel s of f  ar ound th e middleoft he c en tu ry, tho ugh temperatu re s do not s ta bil ise be f o re 2100.  These policies include a shift  to  low- carb on energy  te chnolo gie s  and t he dep loyme nt  of c arbon c ap tur eand storag e .  In  RCP4 .5 , at mospher ic CO2 sits at 540 p pmby 2100 – rou ghl y 14 0 p pm  hi g he r  th an now –  equivalent to630ppm onc eo th er forcing s  ar einclude d (in C O2e). By 2100 , globaltemperatu re s ar e lik ely to ris e by 2-3 C above p r e-ind u st riallev els. R CP 4.5 : The  RCPs( Rep resen tative  C oncent ratio nPathways ) are scenarios of futu re con centr ati ons of gr een h ous e gases a nd o ther forci ngs . R CP4.5  is a “st abil i sa tio n  scen ario ”  where po l ic ies a re  put in pla c e soatmos phe r ic CO2  con centration levels …  The RCPs (Rep rese n t ati veC once nt ration Pathway s)ar e scenario sof future c oncentra ti o ns of  green housegases a n d  o t her fo rcin gs.  RCP4.5 i s a  “ s tabilis at io n  scena rio”  w here p olicie s  are p ut in place so a tmosp h e ric C O 2 c oncen tr ation l e vels … Read Mor e

While pe riodsduri ng th e early  H olocen e –  7 ,000-11,00 0  years ag o – m ay have  b eenwar mer in  Gre e n landthan  t hepresent d a y ,i fth e  pr esen t rat eof w arming co n tinues,the Earth
 easier_to compare_them to observed temperatures_than other_proxy_reconstructions that_may_only have one_value in a_century or more.

Recent temperatures_in Greenland are_still_likely below those experienced in the early Holocene. This is similar to what is_found_in global_Holocene_temperature_reconstructions, such as the one_published by Prof Shaun Marcott_and colleagues_in Science in 2013, which suggested that “current_global_temperatures of the_past decade have not yet exceeded peak interglacial values,_but are warmer than during ~75%_of the Holocene_temperature_history”.

Recent_temperatures are clearly higher_than any seen in Greenland over_the past two millennia. The figure_below shows the ice core and observational_temperature data zoomed in on the_period from AD1 through to_the present_day.





Greenland temperature reconstruction over the_past 2,000 years_from Vinther_et al 2009_and observational temperature data from Berkeley_Earth with a_20-year smooth applied.

Looking into the future

Glossary_RCP4.5:_The RCPs (Representative_Concentration_Pathways)_are scenarios_of future concentrations_of_greenhouse gases_and_other forcings. RCP4.5 is a “stabilisation_scenario”_where policies are put in place so_atmospheric CO2 concentration levels_off_around the middle of_the century, though temperatures do_not stabilise before 2100. These policies_include a_shift to_low-carbon energy technologies and the deployment of carbon capture and storage._In RCP4.5, atmospheric CO2 sits at_540ppm by 2100 –_roughly 140ppm_higher_than now –_equivalent_to 630ppm_once other forcings are included (in CO2e)._By 2100,_global temperatures are likely to rise_by 2-3C above pre-industrial_levels._RCP4.5: The RCPs (Representative Concentration Pathways)_are scenarios of future concentrations of_greenhouse gases and other forcings._RCP4.5_is_a “stabilisation scenario” where policies_are put in place so atmospheric_CO2 concentration levels…_The RCPs (Representative Concentration Pathways) are scenarios_of_future concentrations of greenhouse gases and_other_forcings. RCP4.5 is a “stabilisation scenario”_where_policies_are put in place so_atmospheric CO2 concentration levels… Read More

While_periods during the early Holocene – 7,000-11,000 years ago_– may have_been warmer in Greenland than_the_present_day, if the present rate of warming continues, the Earth