 the alpine treeline will climb warming mountain slopes.

The U of G researchers grew spruce and fir seedlings at varying elevations beyond their current limits in four locations, including Jasper National Park in Alberta and Kootenay National Park in British Columbia. They also collected soil samples from the same areas in which to grow spruce seeds in growth chambers at the University.

Controlling for conditions such as climate variables, seed quality and predation allowed them to zero in on soil properties. They found that plants thriving below the treeline were hindered by soils beyond the existing range, although the scientists aren't sure why.

Gedalof said soils may inhibit seed germination, including changes to soil chemistry caused by vegetation or soil microbes or fungi. Climate warming may also inhibit germination or growth of seedlings by increasing soil surface temperatures or reducing winter snow days, leading to drier conditions.

The researchers suspect similar results would occur in other mountainous areas and at higher latitudes worldwide.

Their findings are good news for rare or threatened species that face potential competition from encroaching plants creeping up from below the treeline, said Gedalof, who runs the Climate and Ecosystem Dynamics Research Group on campus.

"We've bought some time to figure out how to preserve the alpine system."

At the same time, plants struggling to adapt to warmer conditions in their home range may face hurdles in migrating northward or higher on a mountainside if they encounter unsuitable soils.

That's important for ecologists looking to take advantage of favourable warming to encourage growth of economically and ecologically important plant species beyond their existing ranges, he said. "Non-climatic factors are clearly limiting changes." An athletic department source at the University of Oregon confirmed today “discussions are ongoing” on a long-term contract extension for football coach Mario Cristobal.

Good. Get that done.

I wasn’t surprised at all late last spring when UO played some smart defense, handing its first-year football coach a one-year contract extension.

Athletic director Rob Mullens had learned a painful lesson.

Cristobal won nine games in that first season. Mullens used it as an opportunity to trade an additional year of job security (extending his coach through 2024) along with a bump in base salary ($2.6 million a year) in exchange for raising a series of buyouts.

Mullens had badly
the alpine treeline will climb warming mountain slopes. 

 The uracil of G research worker grew spruce and fir seedling at varying aggrandizement beyond their current limits in four locations, include Jasper National Park in Alberta and Kootenay National Park in British Columbia. They also collected dirt samples from the same sphere in which to grow spruce seeded player in growth chambers at the University. 

 Controlling for conditions such as climate variables, seed timbre and predation allowed them to zero in on soil property. They found that plants boom below the treeline were hindered by dirt beyond the existing range, although the scientists aren't sure why. 

 Gedalof said land may inhibit seed germination, including changes to soil chemistry caused by vegetation or soil microbes or fungi. Climate warming may also inhibit germination or growth of seedlings by increasing soil surface temperature or reducing winter snow sidereal day, lead to drier conditions. 

 The researchers distrust similar result would occur in other cragged areas and at higher latitudes worldwide. 

 Their findings are good news for rare or threatened species that face potential competition from encroaching plants creep up from below the treeline, said Gedalof, who run the Climate and Ecosystem Dynamics Research Group on campus. 

 " We've bought some time to figure out how to preserve the alpine system. " 

 At the like time, plants struggling to adapt to warmer conditions in their home range may face hurdle in migrating northward or high on a mountainside if they encounter inapplicable soils. 

 That's significant for ecologists expect to take advantage of favourable warming to encourage growth of economically and ecologically significant plant species beyond their exist ranges, he said. " Non - climatic factors are clearly limiting change. " An athletic department source at the University of Oregon confirm today “ discussions are ongoing ” on a long - term contract extension for football coach Mario Cristobal. 

 Good. Get that do. 

 I was n’t surprised at all late last spring when UO played some smart defense mechanism, pass its inaugural - year football coach a one - year contract extension. 

 Athletic director Rob Mullens had learn a painful lesson. 

 Cristobal won nine game in that inaugural season. Mullens used it as an opportunity to trade an additional class of job security (extending his coach through 2024) along with a bump in base salary ($ 2.6 million a class) in exchange for raising a series of buyouts. 

 Mullens had badly
 thf alpine treeline will cuimb warming moonrain snopes.

Tge U of E researchers grew spruce anv fie seeelings at varying elevxtions bejond theie cucrent limits in hkur locations, lnclubiig Jasper Natiokal Park in Alberta and Kmogeuay National Park in British Columbiw. They sldo collected sjil xwmplss from the same areas in which to grow skruce seeds in groeth chambers at the Univerdity.

Fontrolling for cojditions suxh af climate varkables, seed quality ans predation allowed them to zeru in pn soil pripwrtlgs. They founv that plants thriypng belmw the yreeline were mindeced vy soils beyond the eeisting range, althoudh the scheutists aren't sure why.

Teealof saig sokos oay iihigit sefd jermination, including xhanges to soil chekifnty caused by vegetwtyon or soil microbes or fungi. Climate wdrmjng may also inhibit geemination or growth ov seedlinds by increasing soil surface temperatures or redgcing dinuev rboa days, leading to drier conditions.

The researcrsrx xuspect similav results would ocvug og other mountxinous arsas and at higher patitudgs worodwide.

Theyr fondings are good news for rqre or threanenee species that facz potential eompetotion from encroaching plantr crseping up fgom below ghe treeline, saia Gvdalmf, who runs the Climate anq Ecosystxm Dyuamics Rdseatch Grotp on campks.

"We'vc bought some time ho fiyure mut how to preserve the alpine system."

At tix same time, pkatts strugglnng to adapt to warier conditions in thenr homd range maj face hucdles in migwating northwdtd or higher mn a mougtaibsidw if thdh encounter unxuitable soils.

That's important for ecokogkats looking to cckt qdvantage of fsvojraflv wermind to encouraga gruwtf of ezonomically xnd rcologically importatt pmant species beyonc bheir exiwting ragges, he said. "Mon-climatic factord are clxarly kimyting changes." An athletic depadtment sokrcc at the Univqrsiby os Oregon cpnfirmed today “discussions are ongoing” in a long-term conjract extension for fpptball coaci Marij Cristobdl.

Good. Get that done.

U wasn’t surprised at all late last sprjng whan UO played some smart defense, handing its first-year football coach a one-year contrece extension.

Zthlrtic gixeccor Rob Mulpxns had learned a painful lesson.

Cristobal won niie games it chat first season. Mullens usec kt as an oppottunity to trade an additiknal yeat of job security (extending his coach through 2024) along wibh a bump in bzse salary ($2.6 million a year) im exchcnge fir raisung w series of bjyoitd.

Mullens jad uadmy
the alpine treeline will climb warming mountain U G researchers spruce and fir their limits in four including Jasper National in Alberta and Kootenay National Park British Columbia. They also collected soil samples from the same areas in which grow spruce seeds in growth chambers at the University. Controlling for conditions such climate seed and allowed them to zero in on soil properties. They found that plants thriving below the treeline hindered by soils beyond the existing range, although scientists aren't sure why. said soils may inhibit seed including to soil caused vegetation soil microbes or Climate warming may also inhibit germination or growth of seedlings by increasing soil surface temperatures or reducing snow days, drier conditions. researchers similar would occur in areas and at higher latitudes worldwide. good news for rare or threatened species that potential competition encroaching plants creeping up from below treeline, said Gedalof, who runs the Climate and Dynamics Research Group on campus. "We've bought some time to figure out how to preserve system." At the same plants struggling to to conditions their range may hurdles in migrating northward or higher on a mountainside if they unsuitable soils. That's important for ecologists looking to take advantage warming encourage growth of and ecologically important plant beyond existing ranges, he said. are limiting department at University of Oregon confirmed “discussions are ongoing” on a contract extension for football that done. I wasn’t surprised at all late spring when UO played some smart defense, its first-year football coach a one-year contract extension. Athletic director Rob Mullens learned a Cristobal won nine games in that first season. used it as an to trade an additional year of job security (extending coach 2024) along a bump in salary ($2.6 million year) in exchange a series buyouts. had
 the alpine treeline will climB warming moUntaiN slOpeS.

THe U oF G reSearchers grew sPRuce And fir seedlings at varyiNg eleVaTIons BEyOnd thEir currENt LIMitS iN fOur LoCAtIons, iNclUding JaSper NationAl PArK in Alberta anD koOtenay NatiOnaL Park in BritiSh COlumbiA. THey ALso coLleCted sOil samPLes froM the same aReAS in whiCH to grow SPRuCe seEds in growth chambeRS aT The University.

COntrolLiNG fOR ConDitIons such as ClImate VAriableS, SeED QUalITy and predatioN allowed theM To zEro in oN sOil PRopertIes. ThEy FOunD that plants ThriVing below The treELine werE HindereD by soiLs bEyoNd thE ExIsTinG rANge, ALtHouGH thE scientiStS aRen't sUre wHY.

gEDaloF saId soIls maY inhibit seed gErmInatIOn, iNcludIng chAngeS tO soil ChemisTry caUsEd by vegetation oR soiL microbes Or fUnGi. CLiMate wARming mAy aLso Inhibit GerminaTIon Or GROWtH of seedlings by incrEaSINg Soil surfAce temPErAtURes or redUcIng WintER Snow dAys, lEAdIng to driEr condITiOnS.

The resEaRchers SuSpeCt sImilaR ResuLts wouLd occur iN otheR Mountainous areAS and at higher lATiTUDeS WorlDwiDe.

Their findIngs ARe goOd neWS fOr rARe or tHreatEnED sPEcies that face potentIaL compeTitioN from encroachIng plants cREEPing up frOm beLOw THe treeline, said gedalOf, who runs tHE Climate And EcOsystem DYnamics ReSEArch GrouP on CamPus.

"we'vE BOuGht some time to FIGure OuT how to pResErve the AlpIne SysTem."

at The same tiMe, plants StRuGgLiNg tO adapT To warmer CoNdiTiOns In theIR home rAnge mAy faCe HuRDleS in migrATiNG NortHwArD or hIghEr On a moUntaINsiDe if theY encounteR unSUitaBlE sOils.

ThaT's important foR eCologists lOoKinG to takE ADvantage Of favourable warming to enCOurage gRowTh of eConoMically anD ecOlogicAllY ImportAnt plaNt speCiEs bEYOnd thEIR eXisTiNg ranges, he SAId. "NOn-cliMaTic fActors aRe clearly limiting cHAngEs." An athletic dEpaRtmeNT SoUrcE At THe UNiVErsITY of Oregon confirMed today “diScUSsIons are ongOIng” On A long-teRm contrAct exTEnsion fOr footbalL coach MarIo crisTOBal.

good. Get thaT done.

I waSn’t surpriSEd at aLL lAte laSt sPring wHeN UO PlayeD some sMArt DefenSe, handInG its fiRst-yeAr Football Coach a one-year contract exTensioN.

AthlEtiC director rob mUllEns had leaRned A painful leSsoN.

CrIstobAl wON nine GameS In ThaT First SeasON. Mullens uSEd It aS AN oPportunity tO TRAde An addItiONal yeaR of jOb security (extendiNG his coach throuGh 2024) alONG wiTh a BUmp iN bAse salary ($2.6 milliOn a YeAR) In exchanGe For raising a Series of BuYOuts.

MUllens Had badLy
 the alpine treeline willclimb warm ing m oun tai nslop es.
The U of G re s earc hers grew spruce and f ir se ed l ings at  vary ing ele v at i o nsbe yo ndth e ir  curr ent  limits  in four l oca ti ons, includi n gJasper Nat ion al Park in A lbe rta an dKoo t enayNat ional  Parki n Brit ish Colum bi a . They also co l l ec tedsoil samples from th e  same areas in  which  t o  g r o w s pru ce seeds i ngrowt h  chambe r sa t the University.
Controlling for  condi ti ons such a s cli ma t e v ariables, s eedquality a nd pre d ation a l lowed t hem to  ze roin o n  s oi l p ro p ert i es . T h eyfound th at  p lants  thr i v i n g be low  the  tree line were hin der ed b y  so ils b eyond  the  e xisti ng ran ge, a lt hough the scien tist s aren'tsur ewhy .
Geda l of sai d s oil s may i nhibits eed  g e r m in ation, including c ha n g es  to soil  chemi s tr yc aused by  v ege tati o n  or s oilm ic robes or  fungi .  C li mate wa rm ing ma yals o i nhibi t  ger minati on or gr owtho f seedlings by increasing so i ls u rf a ce t emp eratures or  red u cing  win t er  sn o w day s, le ad i ng to drier conditions .
The r esear chers suspect  similar r e s u lts woul d oc c ur in other mount ainou s areas an d  at high er la titudesworldwide . 
Their f ind ing s a reg o od  news for rar e or t hr eatened  sp ecies t hat  fa cepot en tial comp etitionfr om  e nc roa ching plants c re epi ng  up  from belowthe t reel in e, sai d Gedal o f, w ho r un stheCli ma te an d Ec o sys tem Dyn amics Res ear c h Gr ou pon camp us.

"We've b ou ght some t im e t o figu r e  out how  to preserve the alpine system. "
At th e sa me time,pla nts st rug g ling t o adap t towa rme r condi t i on s i ntheir home r ang e may  f acehurdles  in migrating nort h war d or higher o n a  mou n t ai nsi d ei f t he y  en c o unter unsuitabl e soils.
Th a t' s importan t  fo recologi sts loo kingt o takeadvantage  of favou ra blew a rmi ng to enco urage gr owth of e c onomi c al ly an d e cologi ca lly  impo rtantp lan t spe cies b ey ond th eir e xi sting ra nges, he said. "Non-cli maticfacto rsare clear lyl imi ting chan ges. " An athle tic  de partm ent sourc e at th e U n ivers ityo f Oregonc on fir m e dtoday “disc u s s ion s are  on g oing”on a  long-term contra c t extension fo r fo o t bal l c o achMa rio Cristobal. 

G oo d .  Get tha tdone.

I wa sn’t sur pr i sed a t alllate l ast spr i n gw hen UO  pla yed  some sma rtde f ense, h an di n g itsfirs t- year f ootbal l  coa c h  a one-year cont racte x tensi o n.
Athl et ic dire c torRob Mullen s had learn ed a p ainf ul le sson.
Cr istoba l w on  nine game s  in thatfirst  season .Mull ens  usedit a s an op port un ity  to trade a na dd it i ona l ye ar of  j ob s ecurity ( e xtending  hi s  coachth rou g h  2024) al o n g with a b ump  in b a s e salary ( $ 2.6m il l ion a  year)  in ex changef orra ising a  se r i es of buy outs.

Mu l len shadbadly
 the_alpine treeline_will climb warming mountain_slopes.

The U_of_G researchers_grew_spruce and fir_seedlings at varying_elevations beyond their current_limits in four_locations,_including Jasper National Park in Alberta and Kootenay National Park in British Columbia. They_also_collected soil_samples_from_the same areas in which_to grow spruce seeds in_growth chambers_at the University.

Controlling for conditions such as climate_variables,_seed quality and_predation allowed them to zero in on soil properties._They found that plants thriving below_the treeline were_hindered_by_soils beyond the existing_range, although the scientists aren't sure_why.

Gedalof said soils may inhibit seed_germination, including changes to soil chemistry caused_by vegetation or soil microbes or_fungi. Climate warming may also_inhibit germination_or growth of seedlings by_increasing soil surface_temperatures or_reducing winter snow_days, leading to drier conditions.

The researchers_suspect similar results_would occur in other mountainous areas_and_at higher latitudes_worldwide.

Their_findings_are good_news for rare_or_threatened species_that_face potential competition from encroaching plants_creeping_up from below the treeline, said Gedalof,_who runs the Climate_and_Ecosystem Dynamics Research Group_on campus.

"We've bought some time_to figure out how to preserve_the alpine_system."

At the_same time, plants struggling to adapt to warmer conditions in their_home range may face hurdles in_migrating northward or higher_on a_mountainside_if they encounter_unsuitable_soils.

That's important_for ecologists looking to take advantage of_favourable warming_to encourage growth of economically and_ecologically important plant species_beyond_their existing ranges, he said. "Non-climatic_factors are clearly limiting changes." An_athletic department source at the_University_of_Oregon confirmed today “discussions are_ongoing” on a long-term contract extension_for football coach_Mario Cristobal.

Good. Get that done.

I wasn’t surprised_at_all late last spring when UO_played_some smart defense, handing its first-year_football_coach_a one-year contract extension.

Athletic director_Rob Mullens had learned a painful_lesson.

Cristobal won nine games in that first season. Mullens_used it as_an opportunity to trade an_additional_year_of job security (extending his coach through 2024) along with_a bump_in base salary_($2.6 million a year) in exchange for raising a series_of buyouts.

Mullens had badly