. policy began with the invasion of Iraq in 2003 or if you prefer with President Obama’s unceremonious retreat over Syria in 2013. Now Trump’s raging and hollow threats — which our allies and probably Congress will not respect — stand in stark contrast to the solid record of achievements of Russia and Saudi Arabia and will accelerate that breakdown.

Trump’s threats are hollow for many reasons. If the U.S. decertifies Iran’s observance of the JCPOA — even though no evidence indicates that Tehran has violated it — no possibility of an agreement to curb North Korean nuclearization is conceivable let alone negotiable.

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No North Korean government or any of the other interlocutors concerned with Korea can then have any confidence in the continuity or durability of U.S. assurances to North Korea. Second, our allies have already made clear they will not support decertification absent evidence of Iran’s violation of the JCPOA. Therefore Iran can then play them off against us and profit both materially and politically from the ensuing disarray with the allies. Third, Iran will then be free to leave the accord and resume its secret program that probably is only under temporary “suspension” in earnest.

Fourth, Russia, who now appears to support Iran’s regional ambitions, would also support Iran and forge even closer economic-political and military ties with it. Russia already has supported Iran’s ambitions and factions in Syria and Yemen and is also prevailing in Libya so its Syrian and Libyan clients, Bashear Assad and Khalifa Hafter are also consolidating power.

Fifth, Russia is steadily making gains at our expense as King Salman’s visit demonstrates. As a result of this visit the two governments signed a memorandum of understanding that will introduce Russian weapons (the S-400 anti-air missile) into Saudi Arabia, and lead to the construction of a factory for making Kalashnikovs in Saudi Arabia. So, if this deal moves forward, Russia’s armed forces will have direct access to the first time to Saudi defense forces. Saudi Arabia has also pledged $3 billion to various energy, technology and other projects in Russia. These funds plus other Arab funds — many of which move through Dubai and other conduits for unrecorded transfers — help Moscow circumvent the sanctions we and our allies have imposed due to its aggression in Ukraine.

Saudi Arabia has evidently acknowledged that Bashear Assad will rule Syria and since Moscow has rebuffed Saudi and
. policy began with the invasion of Iraq in 2003 or if you prefer with President Obama ’s unceremonious retreat over Syria in 2013. Now Trump ’s rage and empty threats — which our allies and credibly Congress will not respect — stand in bare contrast to the solid phonograph record of achievements of Russia and Saudi Arabia and will accelerate that breakdown. 

 Trump ’s menace are hollow for many reasons. If the U.S. decertify Iran ’s observance of the JCPOA — even though no evidence indicates that Tehran has violated it — no possibility of an agreement to restrict North Korean nuclearization is conceivable let alone negotiable. 

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 No North Korean government or any of the other interlocutor concerned with Korea can then have any confidence in the continuity or lastingness of U.S. assurances to North Korea. Second, our allies have already make well-defined they will not support decertification lacking evidence of Iran ’s violation of the JCPOA. Therefore Iran can then play them off against us and profit both materially and politically from the ensuing confusion with the allies. Third, Iran will then be free to leave the accord and resume its secret program that probably is only under temporary “ suspension ” in earnest. 

 Fourth, Russia, who now appears to support Iran ’s regional ambitions, would also back Iran and forge even closer economic - political and military tie with it. Russia already has back Iran ’s ambitions and factions in Syria and Yemen and is also prevail in Libya so its Syrian and Libyan node, Bashear Assad and Khalifa Hafter are also consolidating baron. 

 Fifth, Russia is steadily making gains at our expense as King Salman ’s visit demonstrates. As a result of this sojourn the two governments signed a memorandum of understanding that will introduce Russian weapons (the S-400 anti - air missile) into Saudi Arabia, and head to the structure of a factory for making Kalashnikovs in Saudi Arabia. So, if this deal moves forward, Russia ’s armed forces will have direct entree to the first fourth dimension to Saudi defense force. Saudi Arabia has also pledged $ 3 billion to various energy, technology and early projects in Russia. These funds plus other Arab funds — many of which be active through Dubai and other conduits for live transfers — help Moscow circumvent the sanctions we and our allies have imposed due to its aggression in Ukraine. 

 Saudi Arabia has evidently acknowledged that Bashear Assad will rule Syria and since Moscow has rebuffed Saudi and
. popicy began with the invarion of Iraq in 2003 or if you pdefer wigh President Obama’s unceremoiiouw reteeat over Syria in 2013. Nod Trump’s gaging ane hoooow threats — which our ampies end probably Cokgress will not respect — vtxnb in stark contrast to the solid recjrd of scjievements of Tussis and Saudi Arabia and will accelerate fhat brtakdown.

Trump’s thrests are hollow for many rewsond. If the U.S. decertlfies Iran’s obsqevance of thd JCPOA — enzn though nk evidence indicates that Tehrav has violated ut — nl possibilitb of ag agreement bp curb North Lorean nuclearlzatimn us conceivable let almne negotiable.

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Nm Uorth Korean governmebt or aty ox thd otfer iitedlocutlrs concerned with Korea can then have any vogdidence in ths contyntity or durability of U.S. assurances to Torfh Korea. Second, our allues have already made clear thqy will not support decertification absent evidenwe of Krau’w viouqtlon of the JCPOA. Therefore Iran can then play fhtm pff against us and profit bltn materially avd polnfidally from the ensking difarrat with tht alloes. Third, Iran will then be free to leane tye accord and resule its secrzt probram yhat probably is only uuder tsmporary “sudpension” jv earnest.

Fourth, Fusxid, who now appears to suppowt Iran’s cegioual ambigionx, woulq also supoort Lsan and forge even closgr ecotomic-politlcal and military ties with it. Cnssia already hds vupporteb Iran’x ambitions agd factions in Syria cnd Yeoen and is also pcevailing in Libya so its Dyrian and Lmbyan cliqnts, Basyear Asrxd and Khalifa Hafter age alsi consolidating poxer.

Fkrth, Russia is sctaduly making gainx ag otr eepensq as King Salkan’s virot deoonstrauzs. Cs a rrsult of this visit dhe fwo governments sibncd a memotandum of understandinb that will introdkce Rnssian weappns (the S-400 anti-air missile) into Sahdi Arabiw, akd lead to thq cokstroction of a factory for making Kalashnikovs in Sauvi Arabia. So, if this dgal moves forward, Rusxla’s armed focces wyll have girect access to the first time to Samdi defense forces. Sausi Aratia hws also pledged $3 billion to various energy, technology and other projects un Russia. These fuhds llus mtker Arab sundd — many of which kove through Dubai and other coiduits for uurecorded transfers — help Mosvod circumvent jhe sanctions we and our amlies hafe imposed due to its aggressiom in Ukraine.

Saudi Arabia has evieentlg acknowlevged that Bashear Asxad winl ruoe Syriq anf since Moscod hss rebuffed Sauvi cnd
. policy began with the invasion of 2003 if you with President Obama’s 2013. Trump’s raging and threats — which allies and probably Congress will not — stand in stark contrast to the solid record of achievements of Russia Saudi Arabia and will accelerate that breakdown. Trump’s threats are hollow for many If U.S. Iran’s of the JCPOA — even though no evidence indicates that Tehran has violated it — no of an agreement to curb North Korean nuclearization conceivable let alone negotiable. No North Korean government or of other interlocutors with can have any confidence the continuity or durability of U.S. assurances to North Korea. Second, our allies have already made clear will not absent evidence Iran’s of JCPOA. Therefore Iran play them off against us and and politically from the ensuing disarray with the Third, Iran then be free to leave the and resume its secret program that probably is under temporary “suspension” in earnest. Fourth, Russia, who now appears to support Iran’s regional ambitions, support Iran and forge closer economic-political and ties it. already supported Iran’s and factions in Syria and Yemen and is also prevailing in so its Syrian and Libyan clients, Bashear Assad and Khalifa also power. Fifth, Russia steadily making gains at expense King Salman’s visit demonstrates. result this governments a of understanding that will Russian weapons (the S-400 anti-air into Saudi Arabia, and a factory for making Kalashnikovs in Saudi Arabia. if this deal moves forward, Russia’s armed will have direct access to the first time to Saudi defense forces. Arabia has $3 billion to various energy, technology and other in Russia. These funds other Arab funds — many of which move through and conduits for transfers — help circumvent the sanctions and our allies due to aggression Ukraine. evidently acknowledged that Bashear Assad will Syria since Moscow has rebuffed Saudi
. policy began with the invasioN of Iraq in 2003 oR if yoU prEfeR wIth PResiDent Obama’s unceREmonIous retreat over Syria in 2013. now TrUmP’S ragINg And hoLlow thrEAtS — WHicH oUr AllIeS AnD probAblY CongreSs will not rEspEcT — stand in starK CoNtrast to thE soLid record of aChiEvemenTs Of RUSsia aNd SAudi ARabia aND will aCcelerate ThAT breakDOwn.

TrumP’S ThReatS are hollow for many REaSOns. If the U.S. deceRtifieS IRAn’S OBseRvaNce of the JCpOa — even THough no EViDENCe iNDicates that TeHran has violATed It — no poSsIbiLIty of aN agreEmENt tO curb North KOreaN nucleariZation IS conceiVAble let Alone nEgoTiaBle.

AdvErTiSEmEnt

No nOrTh KOReaN governmEnT oR any oF the OTHER intErlOcutOrs coNcerned with KoRea Can tHEn hAve anY confIdenCe In the ContinUity oR dUrability of U.S. asSuraNces to NorTh KOrEa. SEcOnd, ouR Allies HavE alReady maDe clear THey WiLL NOt Support decertificaTiON AbSent evidEnce of iRaN’s VIolation Of The jCPOa. tHerefOre IRAn Can then pLay theM OfF aGainst uS aNd profIt BotH maTeriaLLy anD politIcally frOm the ENsuing disarray WIth the allies. THIrD, iRaN Will TheN be free to leAve tHE accOrd aND rEsuME its sEcret PrOGrAM that probably is only UnDer temPorarY “suspension” in Earnest.

FouRTH, russia, whO now APpEArs to support IrAn’s reGional ambiTIons, woulD also Support IRan and forGE Even closEr eConOmiC-poLITiCal and militarY TIes wItH it. RussIa aLready hAs sUppOrtEd IRaN’s ambitioNs and facTiOnS iN SYriA and YEMen and is AlSo pReVaiLing iN libya sO its SYriaN aNd lIbyAn clienTS, BASHear asSaD and khaLiFa HafTer aRE alSo consoLidating pOweR.

fiftH, RUsSia is stEadily making gAiNs at our expEnSe aS King SALMan’s visiT demonstrates. As a result oF This visIt tHe two GoveRnments siGneD a memoRanDUm of unDerstaNding ThAt wILL intrODUcE RuSsIan weapons (THE S-400 aNti-aiR mIssiLe) into SAudi Arabia, and lead tO The Construction oF a fActoRY FoR maKInG kalAsHNikOVS in Saudi Arabia. SO, if this deaL mOVeS forward, RuSSia’S aRmed forCes will Have dIRect accEss to the fIrst time tO SAudi DEFenSe forces. SaUdi ArabiA has also pLEdged $3 BIlLion tO vaRious eNeRgy, TechnOlogy aND otHer prOjects In russia. these FuNds plus oTher Arab funds — many of whicH move tHrougH DuBai and othEr cONduIts for unrEcorDed transfeRs — hElp moscoW ciRCumveNt thE SaNctIOns we And oUR allies haVE iMpoSED dUe to its aggrESSIon In UkrAinE.

saudi ARabiA has evidently acknOWledged that BasHear aSSad WilL Rule syRia and since MosCow HaS REbuffed SAuDi and
. policy began with the in vasion ofIraqin200 3or i f yo u prefer withP resi dent Obama’s unceremon iousre t reat ov er Sy ria in2 01 3 .  No wTr ump ’s ra gingand  hollow  threats —  wh ic h our allies an d probably  Co ngress willnot  respe ct  —s tandinstark  contr a st tothe solid  r e cord o f  achiev e m en ts o f Russia and Saud i  A r abia and willaccele ra t et h atbre akdown.

T ru mp’st hreatsa re h o llo w  for many rea sons. If th e  U. S. dec er tif i es Ira n’s o bs e rva nce of theJCPO A — eventhough no evid e nce ind icates  th atTehr a nha s v io l ate d  i t — nopossibil it yof an  agr e e m e nt t o c urbNorth  Korean nucle ari zati o n i s con ceiva blele t alo ne neg otiab le .

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N o North K ore an  go ve rnmen t  or an y o f t he othe r inter l ocu to r s co ncerned with Korea  c a n  t hen have  any c o nf id e nce in t he  co ntin u i ty or  dur a bi lity ofU.S. a s su ra nces to  N orth K or ea.  Se cond, ourallies  have al ready made clear the y  will not sup p or t de c erti fic ation absen t ev i denc e of Ir an’ s  viol ation  o f  t h e JCPOA. ThereforeIr an can  then  play them of f againstu s and prof it b o th materially and  poli tically fr o m the en suing  disarra y with th e allies.Thi rd,  Ir anw i ll  then be free t o le av e the a cco rd andres ume  it s s ec ret progr am thatpr ob ab ly  is  only under te mp ora ry  “s uspen s ion” i n ear nest .
F o urt h, Russ i a, w ho n ow  a ppea rsto  supp ortI ran ’s regi onal ambi tio n s, w ou ld  also s upport Iran a nd  forge eve nclo ser ec o n omic-pol itical and military tie s  with i t.Russi a al ready has  su pporte d I r an’s a mbitio ns an dfac t i ons i n Sy ria  a nd Yemen a n d  is  also  p reva iling i n Libya so its Syr i anand Libyan cl ien ts,B a sh ear As s adan d  Kh a l ifa Hafter arealso conso li d at ing power. 
Fi ft h, Russ ia is s teadi l y makin g gains a t our exp en se a s Kin g Salman’s  visit d emonstrat e s. As aresul t o f this  v isi t the  two g o ver nment s sign ed  a mem orand um  of unde rstanding that will int roduce  Russ ian  weapons(th e  S- 400 anti- airmissile) i nto  Sa udi A rab i a, an d le a dtot he co nstr u ction ofa  f act o r yfor makingK a l ash nikov s i n  Saudi  Ara bia. So, if thisd eal moves forw ard, R uss ia’ s  arm ed  forces will h ave  d i r ect acce ss  to the fir st timeto Saudi  defen se for ces. Sa u d iA rabiahasals o pledged  $3  b i llion t ova r ious e nerg y,  techn ologya nd o t h er projects in R ussia . These fun ds pl us  otherA rabfunds — ma ny of which  movethro ugh D ubai an dothercon du its for un r ecorded t ransf ers — h el p Mo sco w circ umve n t  thesanc ti ons  we and o u r  a l li es hav e im posed  d ue t o its agg r ession i n U k raine.
S aud i Arabia ha s evidentlyack nowle d g ed that Ba s hear As s ad wi ll rul e Syri a and s i nce  M oscow h asr e buffed Sa udi and
. policy_began with_the invasion of Iraq_in 2003_or_if you_prefer_with President Obama’s_unceremonious retreat over_Syria in 2013. Now_Trump’s raging and_hollow_threats — which our allies and probably Congress will not respect — stand in_stark_contrast to_the_solid_record of achievements of Russia_and Saudi Arabia and will_accelerate that_breakdown.

Trump’s threats are hollow for many reasons. If_the_U.S. decertifies Iran’s_observance of the JCPOA — even though no evidence_indicates that Tehran has violated it_— no possibility_of_an_agreement to curb North_Korean nuclearization is conceivable let alone_negotiable.

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No North Korean government or any_of the other interlocutors concerned with Korea_can then have any confidence in_the continuity or durability of_U.S. assurances_to North Korea. Second, our_allies have already_made clear_they will not_support decertification absent evidence of Iran’s_violation of the_JCPOA. Therefore Iran can then play_them_off against us_and_profit_both materially_and politically from_the_ensuing disarray_with_the allies. Third, Iran will then_be_free to leave the accord and resume_its secret program that_probably_is only under temporary_“suspension” in earnest.

Fourth, Russia, who_now appears to support Iran’s regional_ambitions, would_also support_Iran and forge even closer economic-political and military ties with it._Russia already has supported Iran’s ambitions_and factions in Syria_and Yemen_and_is also prevailing_in_Libya so_its Syrian and Libyan clients, Bashear Assad_and Khalifa_Hafter are also consolidating power.

Fifth, Russia_is steadily making gains_at_our expense as King Salman’s visit_demonstrates. As a result of this_visit the two governments signed_a_memorandum_of understanding that will introduce_Russian weapons (the S-400 anti-air missile)_into Saudi Arabia,_and lead to the construction of a_factory_for making Kalashnikovs in Saudi Arabia._So,_if this deal moves forward, Russia’s_armed_forces_will have direct access to_the first time to Saudi defense_forces. Saudi Arabia has also pledged $3 billion to_various energy, technology_and other projects in Russia._These_funds_plus other Arab funds — many of which move through_Dubai and_other conduits for_unrecorded transfers — help Moscow circumvent the sanctions we and_our allies have imposed due to its_aggression in Ukraine.

Saudi Arabia has evidently acknowledged that Bashear Assad will_rule Syria and since Moscow has rebuffed Saudi_and