 to blue light.

"We can then use light to switch the hinged drug on and off, where and when we want, with single-cell precision" says co-senior author Dirk Trauner, also of Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. "The upshot is that our compounds retain the powerful anticancer effects of existing microtubule inhibitors, but add the bonus of tissue-specific localization."

The researchers demonstrated that these modified compounds, called photostatins, are effective at inhibiting the proliferation and survival of cells targeted by light, while neighboring cells are unaffected. They can be switched on and off hundreds of times, making them suitable for long-term applications in both the clinic and the lab. Moreover, because they target a critical microtubule subunit that is found in the cells of all plants and animals, they can be used to study or treat a broad range of organisms or processes, even potentially a broad range of diseases in humans.

"We imagine that, since they eliminate systemic side effects, our compounds will be able to be used in medicine at dosages that are truly therapeutic in tumors, thus achieving a much more effective therapy than currently possible," Thorn-Seshold says. "On the research front, we hope that they will allow researchers worldwide to unravel the fine details underlying many important biophysical processes in cells, such as how mitosis is driven, how cells move or invade, and how the genetically determined sequence of embryogenesis is important for correct development."

In future clinical settings, the study authors imagine that patients could wear blue-tinted glasses to treat eye cancer or other eye diseases, while individuals with skin cancer could wear a bandage that delivers light to tumors. On the other hand, internal tumors might be treated with an implantable network of tiny LEDs that blink every few minutes to maintain the chemotherapeutic effect only in the enclosed tumor site.

In the meantime, the researchers are trying to stretch the limits of their technique with more precise and effective compounds, while refining the technique to treat tumors in mice. "The field of photopharmacology is very young, so it may take some time for the pharmaceutical industry to recognize the value of these compounds," Thorn-Seshold says. "Yet, if our ongoing studies are successful, we will have a convincing proposition for further preclinical development, and we are committed to getting as far into real therapy as we can." Germany's economy feeds at the fountain of the euro based discount it is given,
to blue light. 

 " We can then use light to throw the hinge drug on and off, where and when we want, with individual - cellular telephone precision " says co - senior writer Dirk Trauner, also of Ludwig - Maximilians - Universität München. " The upshot is that our compound retain the powerful anticancer effects of exist microtubule inhibitors, but add the bonus of tissue - specific localization of function. " 

 The researchers demonstrated that these modified compounds, called photostatins, are effective at inhibiting the proliferation and survival of cells target by light, while neighboring cells are unaffected. They can be trade on and off hundreds of times, make them desirable for long - term applications in both the clinic and the lab. Moreover, because they target a critical microtubule subunit that is found in the cell of all plants and animals, they can be used to study or treat a broad range of organisms or processes, even potentially a broad range of diseases in humans. 

 " We imagine that, since they eliminate systemic side effects, our compound will be able to be used in medicine at dose that are in truth therapeutic in tumors, thus achieve a much more effective therapy than presently possible, " Thorn - Seshold says. " On the research presence, we hope that they will allow researchers worldwide to unravel the fine details underlying many important biophysical processes in cells, such as how mitosis is driven, how cells go or intrude on, and how the genetically compulsive succession of embryogenesis is important for correct development. " 

 In future clinical settings, the study authors imagine that patients could break blue - tinted glasses to treat center cancer or other eye diseases, while individuals with skin cancer could break a bandage that delivers luminosity to tumors. On the early hand, internal tumor might be treated with an implantable network of tiny LEDs that blink every few minute to maintain the chemotherapeutic impression only in the enclosed tumor site. 

 In the meantime, the researchers are try to stretch the limits of their proficiency with more precise and effective compounds, while refining the technique to treat tumors in mice. " The sphere of photopharmacology is very young, so it may take some time for the pharmaceutical industry to recognize the value of these compounds, " Thorn - Seshold says. " so far, if our ongoing report are successful, we will have a convincing proposition for further preclinical growth, and we are committed to getting equally far into real therapy as we can. " Germany's economy feeds at the fountain of the euro based discount it is given,
 to blue light.

"We can then ure light to swijcy the iinged srug on xnd off, where and when we wait, wuth sungle-cell precision" sahs co-senilr authoe Dick Trauner, also of Ludwin-Iaxijllianv-Nniversität Münchgn. "The upshod is that our wooplunds retain the powerful anticancew effecys of existing mycrouubtle jnhibitors, but add the bonus of tiasue-spebific localizatiom."

The researchers demonstrahed hhat these modifief compounds, caljwd photostatkns, are effective at ihhibiting the proliferation and survnval of celos tagceted by lijht, whple neighborikb cellv are umaffected. They cai be switched on and off iundreds of times, mahing them sbitable for long-term qpplicajions in cith tht ckihic anf tie lab. Morekver, becausw they target a criuicwo microtubule subunyt that is found in the cells of all planus ans animals, they can be uwed to study or treat a broad wange of organisms or processes, even potentially d broed raunc of eideases in humans.

"We imagine that, since they elyjimane systemic side cffects, our compoumdd eyll be able tu be used in medicine at dodages trat aee truly uheraleutic in tumors, thus achiecing a much iire effective thercpy than curxently possoble," Thorn-Seshold says. "Un tge research front, we fope that they wkll anlow restxrchers worldwide to unravxl thz fine ddtaiks undqrlying majy imimrtant biophysical procgsses hn cells, skch as how mitosis is driven, hox cells move pr innade, and kow thc genetically dqtermined sequgnce of eibryoeenesis is importent for corrqct developmetj."

In future clmnical seetints, tye studh authors imagime that pcuients couod wear blue-tinted glxases to treat evt cqncer or other rye difewsxs, whyne individuans wkth xkin zancer coulb dear a bandage that delieers light to tumors. Om bhe other hand, ineernal tumors might be treated aith en impuantanle network of tiny LEDs that blihk every vew minutes to iainbain the chemocherapeutic effect only in the enclosed vumor site.

In the meantine, the researchers crt trying to svretch the limids of their techniquw with more precixe and effective compkunds, fhile refining the technique to treat tumors in mice. "The field of photopharmacilogy ms very young, so ot maj tcke some eime hor the pharmaceunical industry to recognize the talue of tvefe compounds," Thorn-Seshold saus. "Yet, if our ovgoing studies are succeasful, we will have a convincing proposiyion for further preclinlcal deveoopmeht, and we ere committed to getying av far into rwal bherapy as we zan." Gcrmany's eclnomb fzeds at the fountain of the euro vased eidcount it is givxn,
to blue light. "We can then use switch hinged drug and off, where single-cell says co-senior author Trauner, also of München. "The upshot is that our retain the powerful anticancer effects of existing microtubule inhibitors, but add the bonus tissue-specific localization." The researchers demonstrated that these modified compounds, called photostatins, are effective inhibiting proliferation survival cells targeted by light, while neighboring cells are unaffected. They can be switched on and off of times, making them suitable for long-term applications both the clinic and lab. Moreover, because they target critical subunit that found the of all plants animals, they can be used to study or treat a broad range of organisms or processes, even a broad diseases in "We that, they eliminate systemic our compounds will be able to medicine at dosages that are truly therapeutic in thus achieving much more effective therapy than currently Thorn-Seshold says. "On the research front, we hope they will allow researchers worldwide to unravel the fine details underlying many important biophysical processes such as how mitosis driven, how cells or and the determined sequence embryogenesis is important for correct development." In future clinical settings, the authors imagine that patients could wear blue-tinted glasses to treat or eye diseases, while with skin cancer could a that delivers light to the hand, be with implantable network of tiny that blink every few minutes maintain the chemotherapeutic effect site. In the meantime, the researchers are trying stretch the limits of their technique with precise and effective compounds, while refining the technique to treat tumors in "The field is very young, so it may take some for the pharmaceutical industry recognize the value of these compounds," Thorn-Seshold says. "Yet, our studies are we will have convincing proposition for preclinical development, and committed to as into we can." Germany's economy feeds at fountain the euro based discount it given,
 to blue light.

"We can then use liGht to switcH the hIngEd dRuG on aNd ofF, where and when wE Want, With single-cell precisioN" says Co-SEnioR AuThor DIrk TrauNEr, ALSo oF LUdWig-maXImIlianS-UnIversitÄt München. "THe uPsHot is that our COmPounds retaIn tHe powerful anTicAncer eFfEctS Of exiStiNg micRotubuLE inhibItors, but aDd THe bonuS Of tissuE-SPeCifiC localization."

The rESeARchers demonstrAted thAt THeSE ModIfiEd compoundS, cAlled PHotostaTInS, ARE efFEctive at inhibIting the proLIfeRation AnD suRVival oF cellS tARgeTed by light, wHile NeighboriNg cellS Are unafFEcted. ThEy can bE swItcHed oN AnD oFf hUnDRedS Of TimES, maKing them SuItAble fOr loNG-TERm apPliCatiOns in Both the clinic And The lAB. MoReoveR, becaUse tHeY targEt a criTical MiCrotubule subuniT thaT is found iN thE cEllS oF all pLAnts anD anImaLs, they cAn be useD To sTuDY OR tReat a broad range of oRgANIsMs or procEsses, eVEn PoTEntially A bRoaD ranGE Of disEaseS In Humans.

"We ImaginE ThAt, Since thEy EliminAtE sySteMic siDE effEcts, ouR compounDs wilL Be able to be used IN medicine at doSAgES ThAT are TruLy therapeutIc in TUmorS, thuS AcHieVIng a mUch moRe EFfECtive therapy than curReNtly poSsiblE," Thorn-Seshold Says. "On the rESEArch fronT, we hOPe THat they will allOw resEarchers woRLdwide to UnravEl the finE details uNDErlying mAny ImpOrtAnt BIOpHysical procesSES in cElLs, such aS hoW mitosiS is DriVen, How CeLls move or Invade, anD hOw ThE gEneTicalLY determiNeD seQuEncE of emBRyogenEsis iS impOrTaNT foR correcT DeVELopmEnT."

IN futUre ClInicaL setTIngS, the stuDy authors ImaGIne tHaT pAtients Could wear blue-TiNted glasseS tO trEat eye CANcer or otHer eye diseases, while indiVIduals wIth Skin cAnceR could weaR a bAndage ThaT DeliveRs lighT to tuMoRs. ON THe othER HaNd, iNtErnal tumorS MIghT be trEaTed wIth an imPlantable network of TIny lEDs that blink EveRy feW MInUteS To MAinTaIN thE CHemotherapeutic Effect only In THe Enclosed tuMOr sItE.

In the mEantime, The reSEarcherS are tryinG to stretcH tHe liMITs oF their techNique witH more precISe and EFfEctivE coMpoundS, wHilE refiNing thE TecHniquE to treAt Tumors In micE. "THe field oF photopharmacology is verY young, So it mAy tAke some tiMe fOR thE pharmaceUticAl industry To rEcoGnize The VAlue oF theSE cOmpOUnds," THorn-sEshold sayS. "yeT, if OUR oNgoing studiES ARe sUccesSfuL, We will Have A convincing proposITion for further PrecLINicAl dEVeloPmEnt, and we are comMitTeD TO getting As Far into real Therapy aS wE Can." GeRmany's EconomY feeds aT THe FOuntaiN of tHe eUro based dIscOuNT it is giVeN,
 to blue light.

"We can t hen use li ght t o s wit ch  the  hin ged drug on an d  off , where and when we wa nt, w it h  sin g le -cell  precis i on " say sco -se ni o rautho r D irk Tra uner, also  of  L udwig-Maximi l ia ns-Univers itä t München. " The  upsho tist hat o urcompo unds r e tain t he powerf ul antica n cer eff e c ts  ofexisting microtub u le inhibitors, bu t addth e  b o n usoftissue-spe ci fic l o calizat i on . " 
Th e  researchersdemonstrate d  th at the se  mo d ifiedcompo un d s,called phot osta tins, are  effec t ive ati nhibiti ng the  pr oli fera t io nand  s u rvi v al  of cel ls targe te dby li ght, w h i le n eig hbor ing c ells are unaf fec ted. The y can  be s witc he d onand of f hun dr eds of times, m akin g them su ita bl e f or  long - term a ppl ica tions i n botht hecl i n i cand the lab. Moreo ve r ,  b ecause t hey ta r ge ta  critica lmic rotu b u le su buni t  t hat is f ound i n  t he  cellsof  all p la nts  an d ani m als,  theycan be u sed t o  study or trea t  a broad rang e  o f or g anis msor processe s, e v en p oten t ia lly a bro ad ra ng e  o f  diseases in humans .
"We i magin e that, since  they elim i n a te syste mics id e  effects, ourcompo unds willb e able t o beused inmedicinea t  dosages  th atare  tr u l ytherapeutic i n tumo rs , thusach ievinga m uch  mo reef fective t herapy t ha ncu rr ent ly po s sible,"Th orn -S esh old s a ys. "O n the  res ea rc h  fr ont, we ho p e  tha tth ey w ill  a llowrese a rch ers wor ldwide to  un r avel  t he  fine d etails underl yi ng many im po rta nt bio p h ysical p rocesses in cells, such as howmit osisis d riven, ho w c ells m ove or inv ade, a nd ho wthe g eneti c a ll y d et ermined se q u enc e ofem bryo genesis  is important forc orr ect developme nt. "

I n fu tur e  c l ini ca l  se t t ings, the study  authors i ma g in e that pat i ent scould w ear blu e-tin t ed glas ses to tr eat eye c an cero r  ot her eye di seases,while ind i vidua l swithski n canc er  co uld w ear ab and age t hat de li vers l ightto  tumors.  On the other hand, int ernaltumor s m ight be t rea t edwith an i mpla ntable net wor k o f tin y L E Ds th at b l in k e v ery f ew m i nutes tom ai nta i n  t he chemothe r a p eut ic ef fec t  onlyin t he enclosed tumor site.

In themean t i me,  th e  res ea rchers are try ing  t o stretchth e limits of  their t ec h nique  withmore p recisea n de ffecti ve c omp ounds, wh ile  r e finingth et echniq ue t otreattumors in m i c e. "The field of  phot o p harma c olo gy is  v ery you n g, s o it may t ake some ti me for  the  phar maceuti ca l indu str yto recogni z e the val ue of  theseco mpou nds ," Tho rn-S e s holdsays ."Ye t, if our o ng o in gs tud iesare s uc cess ful, we w i ll havea c o nvincin gpro p o sition fo r further pr ecl inica l developmen t , an d  w e  arecommit ted to  gettin g  as  f ar into  re a l  therapyas we can . " G er many 's econo my  fee ds  at  t he fountain ofthe euro  based d i s countiti s gi v en,
 to_blue light.

"We_can then use light_to switch_the_hinged drug_on_and off, where_and when we_want, with single-cell precision"_says co-senior author_Dirk_Trauner, also of Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. "The upshot is that our compounds retain the powerful_anticancer_effects of_existing_microtubule_inhibitors, but add the bonus_of tissue-specific localization."

The researchers demonstrated_that these_modified compounds, called photostatins, are effective at inhibiting_the_proliferation and survival_of cells targeted by light, while neighboring cells are_unaffected. They can be switched on_and off hundreds_of_times,_making them suitable for_long-term applications in both the clinic_and the lab. Moreover, because they_target a critical microtubule subunit that is_found in the cells of all_plants and animals, they can_be used_to study or treat a_broad range of_organisms or_processes, even potentially_a broad range of diseases in_humans.

"We imagine that,_since they eliminate systemic side effects,_our_compounds will be_able_to_be used_in medicine at_dosages_that are_truly_therapeutic in tumors, thus achieving a_much_more effective therapy than currently possible," Thorn-Seshold_says. "On the research_front,_we hope that they_will allow researchers worldwide to_unravel the fine details underlying many_important biophysical_processes in_cells, such as how mitosis is driven, how cells move or_invade, and how the genetically determined_sequence of embryogenesis is_important for_correct_development."

In future clinical_settings,_the study_authors imagine that patients could wear blue-tinted_glasses to_treat eye cancer or other eye_diseases, while individuals with_skin_cancer could wear a bandage that_delivers light to tumors. On the_other hand, internal tumors might_be_treated_with an implantable network of_tiny LEDs that blink every few_minutes to maintain_the chemotherapeutic effect only in the enclosed_tumor_site.

In the meantime, the researchers are_trying_to stretch the limits of their_technique_with_more precise and effective compounds,_while refining the technique to treat_tumors in mice. "The field of photopharmacology is very_young, so it_may take some time for_the_pharmaceutical_industry to recognize the value of these compounds," Thorn-Seshold says._"Yet, if_our ongoing studies_are successful, we will have a convincing proposition for further_preclinical development, and we are committed to_getting as far into real therapy as we can." Germany's economy_feeds at the fountain of the euro based_discount it is given,