 Krueger mapped what he called the “Wilshire - Santa Monica Corridor” – a linear belt of “centrality” running along those two boulevards from Downtown LA to Santa Monica. His data-driven approach was verified in that it correctly identified the “centers” of New York and Chicago, as well.

I accept Krueger’s core methodology, however I would add to it a consideration of job centers, high value homes, transit nodes, and hotbeds of real estate investment. Additionally, the means through which Angelenos move about says something about its different boroughs. Within a single borough, it is often most efficient to drive on surface streets rather than trek to and from the freeway; freeways are usually necessary for inter-borough transit. LA may be a region of freeways, but it is a city of boulevards.

Part of what makes ManhattAngeles such an interesting place in comparison to Manhattan is in fact how similar their historic development patterns are. Moving north up the island of Manhattan presents a very similar pattern of neighborhoods and development history as does moving west from DTLA toward the beach. New York was founded on the southern tip of the island and expanded northward over time. Its original business hub was in Lower Manhattan, and the newer hub is in Midtown. Los Angeles was founded in what is now Downtown and the core of the city expanded westward over time. Its original business district was Downtown, and the newer hub is on the Westside. Both cities’ patterns of expansion, divestment, and reinvestment, following broader trends in American culture and history, have left many parallel neighborhoods in analogous locations across their main urban cores – though all of these neighborhoods are a bit more smushed together in New York, of course.

Lower Manhattan was the original New York, back when Harlem was pastureland and Broadway was a Native American trail through the wilderness. It housed and continues to house the city’s government and other major legacy institutions. It is also home to the city’s original business district, centered around Wall Street. Over the course of the 20th Century, much of Lower Manhattan was to some extent abandoned in favor of the newer, cleaner, and bigger business, residential, and cultural districts further uptown. Over recent decades, this process has reversed to some extent, as Lower Manhattan has been revitalized with businesses, people, and cultural outlets.

This story may sound familiar to anyone who
Krueger mapped what he called the “ Wilshire - Santa Monica Corridor ” – a linear belt of “ centrality ” run along those two avenue from Downtown LA to Santa Monica. His data - driven overture was control in that it correctly identified the “ centers ” of New York and Chicago, equally well. 

 I accept Krueger ’s core methodology, however I would add to it a circumstance of job centers, gamey value homes, transit lymph node, and hotbed of real estate investment. Additionally, the means through which Angelenos move about say something about its different boroughs. Within a single borough, it is much most efficient to drive on surface street rather than trek to and from the freeway; freeways are usually necessary for inter - borough transit. LA may be a area of freeways, but it is a city of boulevards. 

 Part of what makes ManhattAngeles such an interesting place in comparison to Manhattan is in fact how similar their historic growth patterns are. Moving north up the island of Manhattan presents a very similar pattern of neighborhoods and development history as does moving west from DTLA toward the beach. New York was founded on the southern gratuity of the island and expanded northward over prison term. Its original clientele hub was in Lower Manhattan, and the newer hub is in Midtown. Los Angeles was founded in what is now Downtown and the effect of the city expanded westward over time. Its original business district was Downtown, and the newer hub is on the Westside. Both city ’ patterns of expansion, divestment, and reinvestment, following broader trends in American culture and history, have left many parallel neighborhood in analogous locations across their main urban cores – though all of these neighborhoods are a moment more smushed in concert in New York, of path. 

 Lower Manhattan was the original New York, back when Harlem was pastureland and Broadway was a Native American trail through the wilderness. It housed and continues to house the city ’s government and early major legacy institutions. It is also home to the city ’s original business district, centered around Wall Street. Over the course of the 20th Century, much of Lower Manhattan was to some extent abandoned in favor of the new, cleaner, and bigger business, residential, and cultural districts further uptown. Over late decades, this process has reversed to some extent, as Lower Manhattan has been revitalized with clientele, people, and cultural outlets. 

 This story may sound familiar to anyone who
 Krkeger mapped what he calued the “Wilshirg - Santa Monicz Corridur” – a linear belt of “centralmty” eunnibg along those two bouuevards fgom Downtiwn OQ to Santa Monica. Mns dafw-drirei approach was yerified in that it correwtuy identified the “centers” of New York and Chocwgo, as well.

I ascepu Kwuegsg’s core methodology, however I wkuld adv to it a consiceration of job centers, hihh vwlue homes, transit nodes, and yotbqes of real ertate investment. Additjonally, the means through which Angekenos move avouh says sometiing afout its difnvrent bmroughs. Within a singke uoroygh, it is often most xfficient to drive og surface screets rather than trwk to atd fsom gye wretwab; fdeewayd ace usually hecessary fir inter-borough tramsyn. LA may be a regiog jf freeways, but it is a city of boulevagds.

Pzrt of what makes ManhartAngeles such an intgresting pjace in comparison to Manhattan is in fact how sikilar ghenv fushoric development patterns are. Moving north u[ tne island of Manmattan presents a fegy fimilar pattetn of nzjggborhoods and devepopment histiry as dots mofing west from DTLA toward rhe beach. Nec Yirk was founded on the southexn tip of tne island and expanded uorthwzrd over tile. Its orjeinal business hjb eav in Lowtf Manhattan, and tre newer iub ix in Miatowm. Los Wngeles wad foukged in what is now Downjown atd the corf of the city expanded westward over time. Its osigpnal busiuess dlstrict was Dowgtown, and the uewer huy is ov the Westaide. Bovh cities’ paeterns of expdjsion, divestkent, and reibvesrment, fuulowing broadet trends pn Ameeican culture and mistoty, have left many patqllel neighbornooas yn aialogjgs locations acruss yheir main urban zorex – though all of theve nsighborhoods are a blt more snushed tjgether in Nee York, of course.

Loaer Menhatten was thg original New York, back when Hzrlem was paftureland anq Briadway was a Native American trail through the wildxrness. It housed and cobtinues to house thg clty’s governmxnt anq other mdjor legacy institutuons. It is also hpme to the city’s origjnal bgsineds district, centered around Wall Street. Over the course of the 20th Century, much of Lower Mangattsn wav co xome evtenv ebandoned in favog of the newer, cleaner, and biggec business, rzsidential, and cultural distrocgs further upjown. Over recent decades, tgis procrss has reversed to some extent, as Lower Manhattan has neen reviralizsd with burinesses, people, anc cultbral oytlets.

Tyis dtory may souvd galiliar to anypnz who
Krueger mapped what he called the “Wilshire Monica – a belt of “centrality” from LA to Santa His data-driven approach verified in that it correctly identified “centers” of New York and Chicago, as well. I accept Krueger’s core methodology, I would add to it a consideration of job centers, high value homes, nodes, hotbeds real investment. Additionally, the means through which Angelenos move about says something about its different boroughs. Within single borough, it is often most efficient to on surface streets rather trek to and from the freeways usually necessary inter-borough LA be a region freeways, but it is a city of boulevards. Part of what makes ManhattAngeles such an interesting place comparison to in fact similar historic patterns are. Moving the island of Manhattan presents a of neighborhoods and development history as does moving from DTLA the beach. New York was founded the southern tip of the island and expanded over time. Its original business hub was in Lower Manhattan, and the newer hub is Los Angeles was founded what is now and core the expanded westward time. Its original business district was Downtown, and the newer hub on the Westside. Both cities’ patterns of expansion, divestment, and broader in American culture history, have left many neighborhoods analogous locations across their cores though neighborhoods a more smushed together in York, of course. Lower Manhattan the original New York, and Broadway was a Native American trail through wilderness. It housed and continues to house city’s government and other major legacy institutions. It is also home to city’s original centered around Wall Street. Over the course of 20th Century, much of Manhattan was to some extent abandoned in favor of newer, and bigger residential, and cultural further uptown. Over decades, this process to some as Manhattan with businesses, people, and cultural outlets. story sound familiar to anyone who
 Krueger mapped what he called The “WilshirE - SantA MoNicA COrriDor” – a Linear belt of “ceNTralIty” running along those twO boulEvARds fROm downtOwn LA to sAnTA monIcA. HIs dAtA-DrIven aPprOach was Verified in ThaT iT correctly idENtIfied the “ceNteRs” of New York aNd CHicago, As WelL.

i accePt KRuegeR’s core MEthodoLogy, howevEr i Would aDD to it a cONSiDeraTion of job centers, hIGh VAlue homes, transIt nodeS, aND hOTBedS of Real estate InVestmENt. AdditIOnALLY, thE Means through wHich AngelenOS moVe abouT sAys SOmethiNg aboUt ITs dIfferent borOughS. Within a sIngle bORough, it IS often mOst effIciEnt To drIVe On SurFaCE stREeTs rATheR than treK tO aNd froM the FREEWay; fReeWays Are usUally necessarY foR intER-boRough TransIt. LA MaY be a rEgion oF freeWaYs, but it is a city oF bouLevards.

PaRt oF wHat MaKes MaNHattAnGelEs sUch an inTerestiNG plAcE IN CoMparison to ManhattaN iS IN fAct how siMilar tHEiR hIStoric deVeLopMent PATternS are. mOvIng north Up the iSLaNd Of ManhaTtAn presEnTs a VerY simiLAr paTtern oF neighboRhoodS And development HIstory as does mOViNG WeST froM DTlA toward the BeacH. new YOrk wAS fOunDEd on tHe souThERn TIp of the island and expAnDed norThwarD over time. Its oRiginal busINESs hub was In LoWEr mAnhattan, and the Newer Hub is in MidTOwn. Los AnGeles Was foundEd in what iS NOw DowntoWn aNd tHe cOre OF ThE city expanded WEStwaRd Over timE. ItS originAl bUsiNesS diStRict was DoWntown, anD tHe NeWeR huB is on THe WestsiDe. botH cItiEs’ patTErns of ExpanSion, DiVeSTmeNt, and reINvESTmenT, fOlLowiNg bRoAder tRendS In AMerican Culture anD hiSTory, HaVe Left manY parallel neigHbOrhoods in aNaLogOus locATIons acroSs their main urban cores – thOUgh all oF thEse neIghbOrhoods arE a bIt more SmuSHed togEther iN New YOrK, of COUrse.

LOWEr manHaTtan was the ORIgiNal NeW YOrk, bAck when harlem was pasturelaND anD Broadway was a natIve AMERiCan TRaIL thRoUGh tHE Wilderness. It houSed and contInUEs To house the CIty’S gOvernmeNt and otHer maJOr legacY institutIons. It is aLsO homE TO thE city’s origInal busiNess distrICt, cenTErEd aroUnd wall StReEt. OVer thE coursE Of tHe 20th CEntury, MuCh of LoWer MaNhAttan was To some extent abandoned in Favor oF the nEweR, cleaner, aNd bIGgeR business, ResiDential, and CulTurAl disTriCTs furTher UPtOwn. oVer reCent DEcades, thiS PrOceSS HaS reversed to SOME exTent, aS LoWEr ManhAttaN has been revitalizED with businesseS, peoPLE, anD cuLTuraL oUtlets.

This storY maY sOUNd familiAr To anyone who
 Krueger mapped what he ca lled the “ Wilsh ire  -Sa ntaMoni ca Corridor” – a li near belt of “centrali ty” r un n inga lo ng th ose two bo u l eva rd sfro mD ow ntown  LA  to San ta Monica.  Hi sdata-drivena pp roach wasver ified in tha t i t corr ec tly ident ifi ed th e “cen t ers” o f New Yor ka nd Chi c ago, as w el l.
I accept Krueger’ s  c o re methodology , howe ve r  I w oul d a dd to it a  c onsid e rationo fj o b  ce n ters, high va lue homes,t ran sit no de s,a nd hot bedsof rea l estate in vest ment. Add itiona l ly, the means t hrough  wh ich  Ang e le no s m ov e  ab o ut  sa y s s omething  a bo ut it s di f f e r entbor ough s. Wi thin a single  bo roug h , i t isoften  mos teffic ient t o dri ve  on surface str eets  rather t han  t rek  t o and from t hefre eway; f reeways are  u s u a ll y necessary for in te r - bo rough tr ansit. LA  m a y be a r eg ion  off r eeway s, b u tit is acity o f  b ou levards .
Partof  wh atmakes Manh attAng eles suc h ani nteresting pla c e in comparis o nt o  M a nhat tan  is in fact  how simi lart he irh istor ic de ve l op m ent patterns are. M ov ing no rth u p the islandof Manhatt a n presents  a v e ry similar patter n ofneighborho o ds and d evelo pment hi story asd o es movin g w est  fr omD T LA  toward the b e a ch.Ne w Yorkwas  founde d o n t hesou th ern tip o f the is la nd  a nd  ex pande d  northwa rd  ov er  ti me. I t s orig inalbusi ne ss hub  was in Lo w e r Ma nh at tan,  an dthe n ewer hub  is inMidtown.Los Ange le swas fou nded in whatis  now Downt ow n a nd the c ore of t he city expanded westwa r d overtim e. It s or iginal bu sin ess di str i ct was  Downt own,an d t h e  newe r hu b i son the Wes t s ide . Bot hciti es’ pat terns of expansion ,  di vestment, and  re inve s t me nt, fo l low in g  br o a der trends in A merican cu lt u re  and histo r y,ha ve left  many p arall e l neigh borhoodsin analog ou s lo c a tio ns acrosstheir ma in urbanc ores–  t hough  al l of t he seneigh borhoo d s a re abit mo re  smush ed to ge ther inNew York, of course.

L ower M anhat tan  was theori g ina l New Yor k, b ack when H arl emwas p ast u relan d an d  B roa d way w as a Native Am e ri can t ra il throught h e  wi ldern ess .  It ho used  and continues to house the city ’s g o v ern men t  and  o ther major leg acy  i n s titution s.  It is also  home to  t h e cit y’s or iginal  busine s s  d i strict , ce nte red aroun d W al l  Street .Ov e r thecour se  of th e 20th Cent u r y, much of Lower  Manh a t tan w a s t o som eextenta band oned in fa vor of thenewer,  cle aner,  and bi gg er bus ine ss , resident i al, and c ultur al dist ri ctsfur ther u ptow n .  Over  rec en t d ecades, t h i sp ro ce s s h as r evers ed  tosome exte n t, as Lo wer Manhatt an  ha s been r e vi t a lized with  bu sines s e s, people, andc ul t uraloutlet s.

Th is stor y  ma ysound f ami l i ar to any one who
 Krueger_mapped what_he called the “Wilshire_- Santa_Monica_Corridor” –_a_linear belt of_“centrality” running along_those two boulevards from_Downtown LA to_Santa_Monica. His data-driven approach was verified in that it correctly identified the “centers” of_New_York and_Chicago,_as_well.

I accept Krueger’s core methodology,_however I would add to_it a_consideration of job centers, high value homes, transit_nodes,_and hotbeds of_real estate investment. Additionally, the means through which Angelenos_move about says something about its_different boroughs. Within_a_single_borough, it is often_most efficient to drive on surface_streets rather than trek to and_from the freeway; freeways are usually necessary_for inter-borough transit. LA may be_a region of freeways, but_it is_a city of boulevards.

Part of_what makes ManhattAngeles_such an_interesting place in_comparison to Manhattan is in fact_how similar their_historic development patterns are. Moving north_up_the island of_Manhattan_presents_a very_similar pattern of_neighborhoods_and development_history_as does moving west from DTLA_toward_the beach. New York was founded on_the southern tip of_the_island and expanded northward_over time. Its original business_hub was in Lower Manhattan, and_the newer_hub is_in Midtown. Los Angeles was founded in what is now Downtown_and the core of the city_expanded westward over time._Its original_business_district was Downtown,_and_the newer_hub is on the Westside. Both cities’_patterns of_expansion, divestment, and reinvestment, following broader_trends in American culture_and_history, have left many parallel neighborhoods_in analogous locations across their main_urban cores – though all_of_these_neighborhoods are a bit more_smushed together in New York, of_course.

Lower Manhattan was_the original New York, back when Harlem_was_pastureland and Broadway was a Native_American_trail through the wilderness. It housed_and_continues_to house the city’s government_and other major legacy institutions. It_is also home to the city’s original business district,_centered around Wall_Street. Over the course of_the_20th_Century, much of Lower Manhattan was to some extent abandoned_in favor_of the newer,_cleaner, and bigger business, residential, and cultural districts further uptown._Over recent decades, this process has reversed_to some extent, as Lower Manhattan has been revitalized with businesses,_people, and cultural outlets.

This story may sound familiar_to anyone who