 behind legislation that seeks to strip autonomy from women of color and limit their reproductive decision-making; restrictions on abortion and contraception disproportionately impact women of color, and anti-choice proponents intentionally target communities of color in their advocacy and outreach. Furthermore, racism can sometimes fuel neglect within the medical industry: Health care providers have been known to ignore the pain of women of color, which contributes toward preventable death, maternal mortality, and distrust of health care providers. Additionally, women of color—in particular, black women—experience higher levels of stress and discrimination compared with non-Hispanic white women across all age levels, which contributes to lower health outcomes and increased maternal mortality. The ways in which women of color are discriminated against and excluded from the health care system provide insight into how reduced access to abortion may contribute to high rates of maternal mortality.

Abortion restrictions can lead to unsafe abortions

Limiting abortion through various restrictions—such as waiting periods, mandatory ultrasounds, and parental consent—has been shown to increase rates of unsafe abortion rather than eliminate the need for abortion. Limitations place women in desperate situations, and some may attempt to have abortions through unsafe methods as a result. When the United States legalized abortion in 1973, pregnancy-related deaths and hospitalizations due to complications of unsafe abortions reduced significantly. The number of abortion-related deaths fell from 40 deaths per one million live births in 1970 to eight deaths per one million in 1976. After 1975, mortality due to legally induced abortion fell from three deaths per 100,000 abortions in 1975 to about one death per 100,000 abortions in 1976.

Unsafe abortion is uncommon in the United States, but with the increase in policies that restrict access to reproductive health care—including state-based abortion restrictions, the restructure of Title X family planning clinics to distribute more funding toward crisis pregnancy centers rather than clinics that provide comprehensive information, and policies that reduce access to affordable contraception—there is a chance that the number of abortion-related deaths may rise. State-based abortion restrictions have grown in the 45 years since Roe v. Wade and have potentially contributed toward rising maternal mortality rates. For instance, in Texas, the rate of maternal deaths rose from 72 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2010 to 148 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2012. Reproductive health experts linked the uptake in maternal deaths to state-based limitations on abortion and reproductive health funding—including cuts to family planning services and a defunding of Planned Parenthood—that occurred during the same
behind legislation that seeks to strip autonomy from women of color and restrict their generative decision - making; restriction on miscarriage and contraception disproportionately impact women of color, and anti - choice advocate intentionally target community of color in their advocacy and outreach. Furthermore, racism can sometimes fuel disregard within the medical industry: Health concern providers have been known to neglect the annoyance of women of color, which contribute toward preventable death, maternal deathrate, and distrust of health care providers. Additionally, woman of color — in particular, bootleg women — feel higher level of stress and discrimination compared with non - Hispanic white charwoman across all age levels, which contributes to lower health outcomes and increased maternal mortality. The ways in which women of color are discriminated against and excluded from the health care system provide insight into how shrink access to abortion may contribute to eminent rates of maternal mortality. 

 miscarriage restrictions can precede to unsafe abortions 

 specify abortion through various restrictions — such as waiting periods, mandatory sonography, and parental consent — has been shown to increase rates of unsafe abortion preferably than eliminate the motivation for abortion. Limitations place women in desperate position, and some may attempt to have abortions through unsafe methods as a result. When the United States legalized abortion in 1973, pregnancy - relate deaths and hospitalization due to complications of unsafe abortion reduced importantly. The number of abortion - related deaths fall from 40 deaths per one million live births in 1970 to eight deaths per one million in 1976. After 1975, mortality due to legally induce abortion decrease from three deaths per 100,000 abortions in 1975 to about one death per 100,000 abortion in 1976. 

 Unsafe abortion is rare in the United States, but with the increase in policies that restrict access to reproductive health care — including department of state - based abortion restrictions, the restructure of Title X family planning clinics to distribute more funding toward crisis pregnancy center rather than clinics that provide comprehensive information, and policies that reduce access to low-cost contraception — there is a chance that the number of abortion - related deaths may rise. State - based abortion restriction have grown in the 45 years since Roe v. Wade and have potentially contributed toward rising maternal mortality rate. For instance, in Texas, the rate of maternal deaths rose from 72 deaths per 100,000 alive births in 2010 to 148 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2012. Reproductive health experts linked the uptake in maternal deaths to state - establish limitations on miscarriage and reproductive health funding — including cuts to family planning services and a defunding of Planned Parenthood — that occurred during the same
 bejind legislation that setks to strip autouimy frmm womsn of couor and limit their reproducvive deciwion-making; restrictionr on abornion and xontcaception dispro'krtionabzly ijiact conen of color, akd anti-choiwe proponents hngeutionally target communities of colow in thrig advocacy and outgewch. Rlruhermore, racism can sometimes fuem neglebt within the medocal industry: Health care orovlders have been knlwn to ignots trw pain of wooen of color, which conjributes toward preventable deatf, matzrnal mortaoiry, wtd distrust of hvalth care providers. Ddditiomally, women of conor—un particular, black wmmen—experience higrer levelv kf stress and disxruminajion wompxeed wiuh ion-Gispanlc xhite women across all age levels, which cpnegobutes to loser hewleh outcomes and increased maternal mortdlify. The ways in which wonen of color are disctiminated wgainst and excluded from the health care system [rovive inwinht kbtl how reduced access to abortion may contribues uo migh rates of mabernal mortality.

Abprhipg restrictionr can leas to unsafe abortilns

Limijing avortion trroubh various restrictions—such as waiting ieriids, mandatory ultrcsounds, and 'arentsl comsent—has been shown to nncreaae rates of unsafe agurtion rather thxn vlimhnate tht need for abortiog. Limitatmons 'lace wooen on des[erate sitkatiokv, and some may attfmpt jo hava abortiond through unsafe methods as a rxxult. When thg Utitvd States legakized abortiog in 1973, pregnanci-related beaths and hospinalizatiois due to coiplications ox unsafe aborvions redtced sigbificanguy. The number pf abortion-related eeaths fell from 40 veatfa per one milliin oive births in 1970 to eidhn dxaths [er one millhon kn 1976. Sfter 1975, mortality aue yo legally induced atortjon fell from threr qeaths pgr 100,000 abortyons in 1975 to anout one death per 100,000 aboctions in 1976.

Umsase abortion is uncommon in the United Shatcs, but with tre ikcrewse in polncies that restrict access to reproductite health care—including state-based abortiou vestrictions, the westructuse of Title X family planning clinics to distribute more fhnding towagd crisis pregnancy centers rather than clinics that provide comprehensivw infocmwtion, and pklicoes tvac rzduce ascesd to affordable cpntraception—there is a chance tiat the nukbzr of abortion-related deaths kah rise. State-bxsed abortion restrictiohs have brown in the 45 years since Roe v. Wade and have potentialky contrubutes towags cising maternal mortslity xates. Dor insrancc, in Texas, the raye of materjal veachs rose from 72 deaths per 100,000 live burths un 2010 to 148 deaths per 100,000 live birtms in 2012. Teproducjive health experfs ljjked jhe uptake in katernal deathx to state-based liminatyons on abortiih and reprodoctive hvalth funding—mncluding cuds to family planning services and a defunding of Pmanned Padenthood—bhat occurred duroig the same
behind legislation that seeks to strip autonomy of and limit reproductive decision-making; restrictions impact of color, and proponents intentionally target of color in their advocacy and Furthermore, racism can sometimes fuel neglect within the medical industry: Health care providers been known to ignore the pain of women of color, which contributes toward death, mortality, distrust health care providers. Additionally, women of color—in particular, black women—experience higher levels of stress and discrimination with non-Hispanic white women across all age levels, contributes to lower health and increased maternal mortality. The in women of are against excluded from the care system provide insight into how reduced access to abortion may contribute to high rates of maternal Abortion restrictions to unsafe Limiting through restrictions—such as waiting ultrasounds, and parental consent—has been shown of unsafe abortion rather than eliminate the need abortion. Limitations women in desperate situations, and some attempt to have abortions through unsafe methods as result. When the United States legalized abortion in 1973, pregnancy-related deaths and hospitalizations due to unsafe abortions reduced significantly. number of abortion-related fell 40 per million live in 1970 to eight deaths per one million in 1976. After mortality due to legally induced abortion fell from three deaths abortions 1975 to about death per 100,000 abortions 1976. abortion is uncommon in States, with policies restrict to reproductive health care—including abortion restrictions, the restructure of X family planning clinics crisis pregnancy centers rather than clinics that provide information, and policies that reduce access to contraception—there is a chance that the number of abortion-related deaths may rise. abortion restrictions in the 45 years since Roe v. Wade have potentially contributed toward maternal mortality rates. For instance, in Texas, the rate maternal rose from deaths per 100,000 births in 2010 148 deaths per births in Reproductive experts in maternal deaths to state-based limitations abortion reproductive health funding—including cuts to planning a defunding of Planned Parenthood—that occurred during the same
 behind legislation that seekS to strip auTonomY frOm wOmEn of ColoR and limit their REproDuctive decision-making; rEstriCtIOns oN AbOrtioN and conTRaCEPtiOn DiSprOpORtIonatEly Impact wOmen of coloR, anD aNti-choice proPOnEnts intentIonAlly target coMmuNities Of ColOR in thEir AdvocAcy and OUtreacH. FurthermOrE, Racism CAn sometIMEs Fuel Neglect within the mEDiCAl industry: HealTh care PrOViDERs hAve Been known tO iGnore THe pain oF WoMEN Of cOLor, which contrIbutes towarD PreVentabLe DeaTH, materNal moRtALitY, and distrusT of hEalth care ProvidERs. AdditIOnally, wOmen of ColOr—iN parTIcUlAr, bLaCK woMEn—ExpERieNce higheR lEvEls of StreSS AND disCriMinaTion cOmpared with noN-HiSpanIC whIte woMen acRoss AlL age lEvels, wHich cOnTributes to lower HealTh outcomeS anD iNcrEaSed maTErnal mOrtAliTy. The waYs in whiCH woMeN OF CoLor are discriminateD aGAInSt and excLuded fROm ThE Health caRe SysTem pROVide iNsigHT iNto how reDuced aCCeSs To abortIoN may coNtRibUte To higH RateS of matErnal morTalitY.

abortion restriCTions can lead tO UnSAFe ABortIonS

Limiting abOrtiON thrOugh VArIouS RestrIctioNs—SUcH As waiting periods, manDaTory ulTrasoUnds, and parentAl consent—hAS BEen shown To inCReASe rates of unsafE aborTion rather THan elimiNate tHe need foR abortion. lIMitationS plAce WomEn iN DEsPerate situatiONS, and SoMe may atTemPt to havE abOrtIonS thRoUgh unsafe Methods aS a ReSuLt. wheN the UNIted StatEs LegAlIzeD aborTIon in 1973, pRegnaNcy-rElAtED deAths and HOsPITaliZaTiOns dUe tO cOmpliCatiONs oF unsafe Abortions RedUCed sIgNiFicantlY. The number of aBoRtion-relatEd DeaThs felL FRom 40 deathS per one million live birthS In 1970 to eigHt dEaths Per oNe million In 1976. AFter 1975, moRtaLIty due To legaLly inDuCed ABOrtioN FElL frOm Three deathS PEr 100,000 aBortiOnS in 1975 tO about oNe death per 100,000 abortionS In 1976.

UNsafe abortion Is uNcomMON iN thE unITed stATes, BUT with the increasE in policieS tHAt Restrict acCEss To ReproduCtive heAlth cARe—incluDing state-Based aborTiOn reSTRicTions, the reStructurE of Title X FAmily PLaNning CliNics to DiStrIbute More fuNDinG towaRd crisIs PregnaNcy ceNtErs ratheR than clinics that provide CompreHensiVe iNformatioN, anD PolIcies that ReduCe access to AffOrdAble cOntRAceptIon—tHErE is A ChancE thaT The number OF aBorTIOn-Related deatHS MAy rIse. StAte-BAsed abOrtiOn restrictions havE Grown in the 45 yearS sinCE roe V. WaDE and HaVe potentially cOntRiBUTed towarD rIsing maternAl mortalItY Rates. for insTance, iN Texas, tHE RaTE of matErnaL deAths rose fRom 72 DeAThs per 100,000 lIvE bIRths in 2010 To 148 deAtHs per 100,000 lIve birTHs in 2012. rEProductive health ExperTS LinkeD The UptakE iN maternAL deaThs to state-Based limitaTions oN aboRtion And reprOdUctive HeaLtH funding—inCLuding cutS to faMily plaNnIng sErvIces anD a deFUNding Of PlAnNed parenthooD—THaT OcCuRRed DuriNg the SaMe
 behind legislation that s eeks to st rip a uto nom yfrom  wom en of color an d  lim it their reproductivedecis io n -mak i ng ; res trictio n so n  ab or ti onan d  c ontra cep tion di sproportio nat el y impact wom e nof color,and  anti-choice  pr oponen ts  in t entio nal ly ta rget c o mmunit ies of co lo r  in th e ir advo c a cy  and  outreach. Furthe r mo r e, racism cansometi me s  f u e l n egl ect within  t he me d ical in d us t r y : H e alth care pro viders have bee n know ntoi gnorethe p ai n  of  women of c olor , which c ontrib u tes tow a rd prev entabl e d eat h, m a te rn almo r tal i ty , a n d d istrustof  h ealth  car e p r ovid ers . Ad ditio nally, womenofcolo r —in  part icula r, b la ck wo men—ex perie nc e higher levels  ofstress an d d is cri mi natio n  compa red  wi th non- Hispani c  wh it e w om en across all agele v e ls , whichcontri b ut es to lower  h eal th o u t comes  and in creasedmatern a lmo rtality .The wa ys  in  wh ich w o menof col or are d iscri m inated against and excludedf ro m th e  hea lth  care syste m pr o vide  ins i gh t i n to ho w red uc e da ccess to abortion m ay  contr ibute  to high rate s of mater n a l  mortali ty.Ab o rtion restrict ionscan lead t o  unsafeabort ions

Li miting ab o r tion thr oug h v ari ous r es trictions—suc h as w ai ting pe rio ds, man dat ory  ul tra so unds, and  parenta lco ns en t—h as be e n shownto  in cr eas e rat e s of u nsafe  abo rt io n  ra ther th a ne l imin at ethenee dfor a bort i on.  Limita tions pla cew omen  i ndespera te situations ,and some m ay  at temptt o  have ab ortions through unsafem ethodsasa res ult.  When the  Un ited S tat e s lega lizedabort io n i n 1973, p re gna nc y-relatedd e ath s and  h ospi talizat ions due to compli c ati ons of unsafe  ab orti o n sred u ce d  si gn i fic a n tly. The number  of aborti on - re lated deat h s f el l from40 deat hs pe r  one mi llion liv e birthsin  197 0 toeight deat hs per o ne millio n  in 1 9 76 . Aft er1975,mo rta litydue to leg allyinduce daborti on fe ll  from th ree deaths per 100,000aborti ons i n 1 975 to ab out one  death pe r 10 0,000 abor tio nsin 19 76. 
Unsa fe a b or tio n  is u ncom m on in the Un ite d St ates, but w i t h  th e inc rea s e in p olic ies that restrict access to repr oduc t i vehea l th c ar e—including st ate -b a s ed abort io n restricti ons, the  r e struc ture o f Titl e X fam i l yp lannin g cl ini cs to dis tri bu t e morefu nd i ng tow ardcr isis p regnan c y ce n t ers rather thanclini c s  that pro videco mprehen s iveinformatio n, and poli cies t hatreduc e acces sto aff ord ab le contrac e ption—the re is  a chan ce  tha t t he num bero f  abor tion -r ela ted death s ma y  r is e . S tate -base dabor tion rest r ictionshav e  grownin  th e 45 yea r ss i nce Roe v.  Wa de an d have poten t iall y  c o ntrib uted t owardrisingm ate rn al mort ali t y  rates. F or instan c e,in  Tex as, thera te o fmat er nal deaths rose  from 72  deathsp e r 100, 000 live births  i n 2010 to 14 8 dea th s  per 10 0 , 000  live b i rth s i n 2 012.  Re prod u ctive health experts lin kedthe u p tak e inmater na l deaths to s tate-bas e d limitations  on abortion an d  re p rodu cti v ehe alth fund ing — inclu ding  cu ts t o f amil y plan n ings er vice s anda de fu nd ing of Pl an ned Par e ntho o d—t hatoccur re dd ur ing the  same
 behind_legislation that_seeks to strip autonomy_from women_of_color and_limit_their reproductive decision-making;_restrictions on abortion_and contraception disproportionately impact_women of color,_and_anti-choice proponents intentionally target communities of color in their advocacy and outreach. Furthermore, racism_can_sometimes fuel_neglect_within_the medical industry: Health care_providers have been known to_ignore the_pain of women of color, which contributes toward_preventable_death, maternal mortality,_and distrust of health care providers. Additionally, women of_color—in particular, black women—experience higher levels_of stress and_discrimination_compared_with non-Hispanic white women_across all age levels, which contributes_to lower health outcomes and increased_maternal mortality. The ways in which women_of color are discriminated against and_excluded from the health care_system provide_insight into how reduced access_to abortion may_contribute to_high rates of_maternal mortality.

Abortion restrictions can lead to_unsafe abortions

Limiting abortion_through various restrictions—such as waiting periods,_mandatory_ultrasounds, and parental_consent—has_been_shown to_increase rates of_unsafe_abortion rather_than_eliminate the need for abortion. Limitations_place_women in desperate situations, and some may_attempt to have abortions_through_unsafe methods as a_result. When the United States_legalized abortion in 1973, pregnancy-related deaths_and hospitalizations_due to_complications of unsafe abortions reduced significantly. The number of abortion-related deaths_fell from 40 deaths per one_million live births in_1970 to_eight_deaths per one_million_in 1976._After 1975, mortality due to legally induced_abortion fell_from three deaths per 100,000 abortions_in 1975 to about_one_death per 100,000 abortions in 1976.

Unsafe_abortion is uncommon in the United_States, but with the increase_in_policies_that restrict access to reproductive_health care—including state-based abortion restrictions, the_restructure of Title_X family planning clinics to distribute more_funding_toward crisis pregnancy centers rather than_clinics_that provide comprehensive information, and policies_that_reduce_access to affordable contraception—there is_a chance that the number of_abortion-related deaths may rise. State-based abortion restrictions have grown_in the 45_years since Roe v. Wade_and_have_potentially contributed toward rising maternal mortality rates. For instance, in_Texas, the_rate of maternal_deaths rose from 72 deaths per 100,000 live births in_2010 to 148 deaths per 100,000 live_births in 2012. Reproductive health experts linked the uptake in maternal_deaths to state-based limitations on abortion and reproductive_health funding—including cuts to family planning services_and a defunding of_Planned_Parenthood—that occurred during the same