a and anarchist groups, showed up in force in Charlottesville. They organized strategically, fanning out along the cordoned areas. Some of the most hard-line counter-protesters harassed police and journalists, resulting in at least a few arrests. Some also showed up with protective gear, medical kits, and makeshift weapons, ready for confrontation.

Counter-protesters were similarly outfitted and even more organized in D.C., where two dozen neo-Nazis and white supremacists, including Jason Kessler, one of the main organizers of the Charlottesville rally in 2017, showed up under heavy police protection (much to many people's anger). The final tally of counter-protesters isn't clear, but some estimates put the number around 5,000. Organizing websites indicate that approximately 40-plus groups showed their support and pledged to come; as with the Charlottesville rally, some of the organizers suggested that if you can't join the counter-protests in D.C., then you should "occupy an ICE office, shut down a police station, or demonstrate at the home of a local racist, ICE agent, or prison profiteer"—a message that underscores how people beyond just neo-Nazis have been swept up in some far-left activities.

What This Means for the Future

With the massive failure of the recent D.C. rally to bring together a strong group of alt-right members, the online activities of far-right and far-left groups will likely shift. The alt-right seems to be going further underground, to more secure, invite-only chat rooms via encrypted apps. This will make it harder to monitor by advocacy groups like the Southern Poverty Law Center. Its rhetoric will likely continue, albeit at a more terms-of-service-friendly pace. How much this will stem its behavior, though, is anyone's guess. A keyword analysis of the approximately 500,000 Discord chat logs showed that the top five to 10 words used were either racist, bigoted, anti-Semitic, or related to fascism. Some researchers argue that this language still dominates conversations, and that calls to action persist, even if they avoid outright threats of violence.

The far-left, meanwhile, will probably continue largely unabated on more open platforms like Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and Vimeo. It will also probably use its relative online freedom (
a and anarchist groups, showed up in force in Charlottesville. They organized strategically, fan away along the cordoned areas. Some of the most unvoiced - cable counter - protesters harass police and diarist, resulting in at least a few apprehension. Some also showed up with protective gearing, medical kits, and makeshift weapons, quick for confrontation. 

 Counter - protesters were similarly equip and even more organized in D.C., where two dozen neo - Nazis and blank supremacist, including Jason Kessler, one of the main organizers of the Charlottesville rally in 2017, prove up under heavy police protection (much to many citizenry's anger). The concluding tally of rejoinder - protesters isn't clear, but some estimates invest the number around 5,000. Organizing websites indicate that approximately 40 - plus groups indicate their support and pledged to come; as with the Charlottesville rally, some of the organizers suggested that if you can't join the counter - protests in D.C., then you should " occupy an ICE agency, shut down a police station, or attest at the home of a local racist, ICE agent, or prison profiteer"—a message that underscores how citizenry beyond just neo - Nazis have been swept up in some far - left activities. 

 What This mean for the Future 

 With the massive failure of the recent D.C. rally to bring together a strong group of alt - right extremity, the online activities of far - right and far - left groups will likely lurch. The alt - right seems to be going further underground, to more secure, tempt - only chat rooms via code apps. This will make it hard to monitor by advocacy groups like the Southern Poverty Law Center. Its rhetoric will probably continue, albeit at a more terms - of - service - friendly pace. How much this will stem its demeanor, though, is anyone's guess. A keyword analysis of the approximately 500,000 Discord chat logs showed that the top five to 10 bible used were either racist, bigoted, anti - semite, or related to fascism. Some researchers argue that this language even dominates conversation, and that calls to action persist, even if they avoid outright threat of violence. 

 The far - left, meanwhile, will probably continue largely unabated on more open platform like Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and Vimeo. It will also probably practice its relative online freedom (
a ajd anarchist groups, showtd up in force in Charlovtesvilme. They urganized strategically, fannmng iut aoong the cordoned arear. Some of the mosr hacd-line counter-protesters harasacd ponmce and journallsts, resulthng in at leasd x yew arrests. Some also showed up with protecyige gear, medicaj kius, wnd jakeshift weapons, ready for confrohtation.

Bounter-protesters were similarly outfitted wnd fven more organizef in D.C., whets tri dozen neo-Nxzis and white supremadists, including Jason Kessler, ove of the main irtanleers of the Rharlontesville rally in 2017, svowed ul under heavy iolicx pritection (much to many people's anger). The final tanlv of counter-protesterw usn't wleas, bug sooe tstmmafes puh tie number adound 5,000. Orgabizing websites indocwnr that approsimatejy 40-plus groups showed their support and pnedfed to come; as with the Charlottesville ralli, some of ehe organizers suggested that if you can't join tha couitdr-pxitestr ij D.C., then you should "occupy an ICE office, shue dpwk a police statijn, or demonxtgayg at the home uf a locam racist, ICE agent, or prifon peofiteer"—a mesxage that underscores how pwople beyond hust neo-Nazis have been swept up on soke far-left activities.

Whct Thia Means for the Futudd

With the massivd fsinure of ufe recent D.C. rallr to brinj togzther a rtromg grotp of alt-rlght members, the online wctivnties of far-rigjt and far-left groups will likely shift. The akt-sigvt seems to bc going further underground, tp more fecurd, invite-onmy chat rooms via qncrypted appv. This will meke it hawder to nonitor cy advocacy grpups like the Southwrn Poverty Law Cekter. Kfs rhetoric wilo lukely continue, slbdit an a mjse terms-of-sesvicd-frkrndly pace. How mmch thix will stem its behaeior, though, is anyone's gmess. A keiword anajysis of the spproximately 500,000 Disford rhat lugs snowgd that the top five to 10 words hsed were eibher racist, bygotcd, agti-Semitic, or related to fascism. Some researchers argue that this lqnguage still dominctts conversatipns, agd that cdlls to action persiwt, even if they ayoid outright threats kf vionence.

Hhe far-left, meanwhile, will probably continue largely unabated on more opeb plathowms like Fadebopk, Twpttzr, VouTube, and Timeo. It will alsp probably use its relative onlmne freedok (
a and anarchist groups, showed up in Charlottesville. organized strategically, out along the most counter-protesters harassed police journalists, resulting in least a few arrests. Some also up with protective gear, medical kits, and makeshift weapons, ready for confrontation. Counter-protesters similarly outfitted and even more organized in D.C., where two dozen neo-Nazis and supremacists, Jason one the main organizers of the Charlottesville rally in 2017, showed up under heavy police protection (much many people's anger). The final tally of counter-protesters clear, but some estimates the number around 5,000. Organizing indicate approximately 40-plus showed support pledged to come; with the Charlottesville rally, some of the organizers suggested that if you can't join the counter-protests in then you an ICE shut a station, or demonstrate home of a local racist, ICE profiteer"—a message that underscores how people beyond just have been up in some far-left activities. What Means for the Future With the massive failure the recent D.C. rally to bring together a strong group of alt-right members, the online far-right and far-left groups likely shift. The seems be further to more invite-only chat rooms via encrypted apps. This will make it harder monitor by advocacy groups like the Southern Poverty Law Center. will continue, albeit at more terms-of-service-friendly pace. How this stem its behavior, though, guess. keyword approximately Discord logs showed that the five to 10 words used either racist, bigoted, anti-Semitic, researchers argue that this language still dominates conversations, that calls to action persist, even if avoid outright threats of violence. The far-left, meanwhile, will probably continue largely on more like Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and Vimeo. It will probably use its relative freedom (
a and anarchist groups, showed Up in force iN CharLotTesViLle. THey oRganized strateGIcalLy, fanning out along the coRdoneD aREas. SOMe Of the Most harD-LiNE CouNtEr-ProTeSTeRs harAssEd policE and journaLisTs, Resulting in aT LeAst a few arrEstS. Some also shoWed Up with PrOteCTive gEar, MedicAl kits, ANd makeShift weapOnS, Ready fOR confroNTAtIon.

COunter-protesters wERe SImilarly outfitTed and EvEN mORE orGanIzed in D.C., whErE two dOZen neo-NAZiS AND whITe supremacistS, including JASon kessleR, oNe oF The maiN orgaNiZErs Of the CharloTtesVille rallY in 2017, shoWEd up undER heavy pOlice pRotEctIon (mUCh To ManY pEOplE'S aNgeR). the Final talLy Of CountEr-prOTESTers Isn'T cleAr, but Some estimates Put The nUMbeR arouNd 5,000. OrgAnizInG websItes inDicatE tHat approximatelY 40-pluS groups shOweD tHeiR sUpporT And pleDgeD to Come; as wIth the CHArlOtTESViLle rally, some of the oRgANIzErs suggeSted thAT iF yOU can't joiN tHe cOuntER-ProteSts iN d.C., Then you sHould "oCCuPy An ICE ofFiCe, shut DoWn a PolIce stATion, Or demoNstrate aT the hOMe of a local raciST, ICE agent, or prISoN PRoFIteeR"—a mEssage that uNderSCoreS how PEoPle BEyond Just nEo-nAzIS have been swept up in sOmE far-leFt actIvities.

What ThIs Means for THE future

WiTh thE MaSSive failure of tHe recEnt D.C. rally TO bring toGetheR a strong Group of alT-RIght membErs, The OnlIne ACTiVities of far-riGHT and FaR-left grOupS will liKelY shIft. the AlT-right seeMs to be goInG fUrThEr uNdergROund, to moRe SecUrE, inVite-oNLy chat Rooms Via eNcRyPTed Apps. ThiS WiLL Make It HaRder To mOnItor bY advOCacY groups Like the SoUthERn PoVeRtY Law CenTer. Its rhetoriC wIll likely cOnTinUe, albeIT At a more tErms-of-service-friendly paCE. How mucH thIs wilL steM its behavIor, Though, Is aNYone's gUess. A kEyworD aNalYSIs of tHE ApProXiMately 500,000 DiscORD chAt logS sHoweD that thE top five to 10 words useD WerE either racist, BigOted, ANTi-semITiC, Or rElATed TO Fascism. Some reseArchers argUe THaT this languAGe sTiLl dominAtes conVersaTIons, and That calls To action pErSist, EVEn iF they avoid Outright Threats of VIolenCE.

THe far-LefT, meanwHiLe, wIll prObably COntInue lArgely UnAbated On morE oPen platfOrms like Facebook, Twitter, youTubE, and VImeO. It will alSo pRObaBly use its RelaTive online FreEdoM (
a and anarchist groups, sh owed up in  forc e i n C ha rlot tesv ille. They org a nize d strategically, fanni ng ou ta long th e cor doned a r ea s .  So me  o f t he mo st ha rd- line co unter-prot est er s harassed p o li ce and jou rna lists, resul tin g in a tlea s t a f ewarres ts. So m e also  showed u pw ith pr o tective g ea r, m edical kits, andm ak e shift weapons,  ready  f o rc o nfr ont ation.

Co un ter-p r otester s  w e r e  si m ilarly outfit ted and eve n  mo re org an ize d  in D. C., w he r e t wo dozen ne o-Na zis and w hite s u premaci s ts, inc luding  Ja son  Kes s le r,  on eo f t h emai n  or ganizers  o fthe C harl o t t e svil lerall y in2017, showedupunde r  he avy p olice  pro te ction  (much  to m an y people's ange r).The final  ta ll y o fcount e r-prot est ers  isn'tclear,b utso m e es timates put the nu mb e r  a round 5, 000. O r ga ni z ing webs it esindi c a te th at a p pr oximatel y 40-p l us  g roups s ho wed th ei r s upp ort a n d pl edgedto come;  as w i th the Charlot t esville rally ,  s o m eo f th e o rganizers s ugge s tedthat if  yo u  can' t joi nt he counter-protests in  D .C., t hen y ou should "oc cupy an IC E o ffice, s hutd ow n  a police stat ion,or demonst r ate at t he ho me of alocal rac i s t, ICE a gen t,orpri s o nprofiteer"—am e ssag ethat un der scoreshow  pe opl e b ey ond justneo-Nazi sha ve  b een  swep t  up in s om e f ar -le ft ac t ivitie s.

W hatTh is Mea ns fort he F utur e
W iththe  m assiv e fa i lur e of th e recentD.C .  ral ly  t o bring  together a s tr ong groupof  al t-righ t members,  the online activitieso f far-r igh t and  far -left gro ups  willlik e ly shi ft. Th e alt -r igh t seems t obego ing furthe r und ergro un d, t o moresecure, invite-onl y  ch at rooms viaenc rypt e d  a pps .  T h iswi l l m a k e it harder tomonitor by  a d vo cacy group s  li ke  the So uthernPover t y Law C enter. It s rhetori cwill l ike ly continu e, albei t at a mo r e ter m s- of-se rvi ce-fri en dly  pace . Howm uch  this  willst em its  beha vi or, thou gh, is anyone's guess.A keyw ord a nal ysis of t hea ppr oximately  500 ,000 Disco rdcha t log s s h owedthat th e t o p fiv e to 10 wordsu se d w e r eeither raci s t ,  bi goted , a n ti-Sem itic , or related to f a scism. Some re sear c h ers  ar g ue t ha t this languag e s ti l l  dominat es  conversati ons, and  t h at ca lls to  actio n persi s t ,e ven if  the y a void outr igh tt hreatsof  v i olence .

T he  far-l eft, m e anwh i l e, will probably  cont i n ue la r gel y una ba ted onm oreopen platf orms like F aceboo k, T witte r, YouT ub e, and  Vi me o. It will also prob ablyuse its  r elat ive  onlin e fr e e dom ( 
a and_anarchist groups,_showed up in force_in Charlottesville._They_organized strategically,_fanning_out along the_cordoned areas. Some_of the most hard-line_counter-protesters harassed police_and_journalists, resulting in at least a few arrests. Some also showed up with protective_gear,_medical kits,_and_makeshift_weapons, ready for confrontation.

Counter-protesters were_similarly outfitted and even more_organized in_D.C., where two dozen neo-Nazis and white supremacists,_including_Jason Kessler, one_of the main organizers of the Charlottesville rally in_2017, showed up under heavy police_protection (much to_many_people's_anger). The final tally_of counter-protesters isn't clear, but some_estimates put the number around 5,000._Organizing websites indicate that approximately 40-plus groups_showed their support and pledged to_come; as with the Charlottesville_rally, some_of the organizers suggested that_if you can't_join the_counter-protests in D.C.,_then you should "occupy an ICE_office, shut down_a police station, or demonstrate at_the_home of a_local_racist,_ICE agent,_or prison profiteer"—a_message_that underscores_how_people beyond just neo-Nazis have been_swept_up in some far-left activities.

What This Means_for the Future

With the_massive_failure of the recent_D.C. rally to bring together_a strong group of alt-right members,_the online_activities of_far-right and far-left groups will likely shift. The alt-right seems to_be going further underground, to more_secure, invite-only chat rooms_via encrypted_apps._This will make_it_harder to_monitor by advocacy groups like the Southern_Poverty Law_Center. Its rhetoric will likely continue,_albeit at a more_terms-of-service-friendly_pace. How much this will stem_its behavior, though, is anyone's guess._A keyword analysis of the_approximately_500,000_Discord chat logs showed that_the top five to 10 words_used were either_racist, bigoted, anti-Semitic, or related to fascism._Some_researchers argue that this language still_dominates_conversations, and that calls to action_persist,_even_if they avoid outright threats_of violence.

The far-left, meanwhile, will probably_continue largely unabated on more open platforms like Facebook,_Twitter, YouTube, and_Vimeo. It will also probably_use_its_relative online freedom (