In May 1946 Rohingya leaders met with Mohammed Ali Jinnah, the Muslim leader who founded modern Pakistan, and asked that part of Rakhine state be annexed by East Pakistan. Then, when Jinnah refused to interfere in Burmese matters, they founded the Mujahid Party in in northern Arakan in 1947. The aim of the Mujahid party was initially to create an autonomous Muslim state in Arakan. The local mujahideen – that’s what the Rohingya warriors proudly called themselves — fought government forces in an attempt to have the mostly Rohingya-populated Mayu peninsula in northern Rakhine State secede from Myanmar (then Burma), and after that secession, the Rohingyas hoped that territory would be annexed by East Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh). Fighting between the Rohingya and the Burmese state, then, is not a new thing; it has been going on intermittently since 1947. The Rohingya revolt eventually lost momentum in the late 1950s and early 1960s, and many of the Rohingya surrendered to government forces.

But the Muslim insurrection by the Rohingya did not disappear. It was revived in the 1970s, which in turn led to the Burmese government mounting, in 1978, a huge military operation (Operation King Dragon) that inflicted great damage on the mujahideen, and bought a decade of relative calm. But again the Rohingya rose up against the Burmese state, and in the 1990s the “Rohingya Solidarity Organisation” attacked Burmese authorities near the border with Bangladesh. In other words, this insurgency by the Muslim Rohingya has been going on – waxing and waning – for more than half a century. It is in that context that Buddhist fears of a Muslim takeover of northern Myanmar should be viewed, and taken seriously. The Burmese monks who have recently been whipping up anti-Rohingya sentiment, and attacks on them, are not behaving out of motiveless malignity; they are keenly aware of all this history. They do not want the Rohingyas to obtain citizenship, for they fear – as so many outside Myanmar do not comprehend – being swamped by Muslims outbreeding the Unbelievers. They look around the world, see that 50 million Muslims are now in Europe, that everywhere in the world Muslims are outbreeding Unbelievers, and don’t
In May 1946 Rohingya leaders met with Mohammed Ali Jinnah, the Muslim leader who founded mod Pakistan, and ask that part of Rakhine state be annexed by East Pakistan. Then, when Jinnah refuse to interfere in Burmese matters, they establish the Mujahid Party in in northern Arakan in 1947. The aim of the Mujahid party was initially to make an autonomous Muslim state in Arakan. The local mujahideen – that ’s what the Rohingya warrior proudly called themselves — fought government forces in an attack to have the mostly Rohingya - populated Mayu peninsula in northerly Rakhine State secede from Myanmar (then Burma), and after that secession, the Rohingyas hoped that territory would be annex by East Pakistan (present - day Bangladesh). Fighting between the Rohingya and the Burmese state, then, is not a modern thing; it has been going on intermittently since 1947. The Rohingya revolt eventually lose momentum in the late 1950s and early 1960s, and many of the Rohingya surrendered to government force. 

 But the Muslim insurrection by the Rohingya did not disappear. It was revived in the 1970s, which in turn head to the Burmese government mounting, in 1978, a huge military operation (Operation King Dragon) that inflicted great damage on the mujahideen, and bought a decade of relative composure. But again the Rohingya rose up against the Burmese state, and in the nineties the “ Rohingya Solidarity Organisation ” attack Burmese authority near the border with Bangladesh. In other word, this insurgency by the Muslim Rohingya has been going on – waxing and waning – for more than half a century. It is in that context that Buddhist fear of a Muslim takeover of northern Myanmar should be viewed, and taken seriously. The Burmese monks who have recently been blister up anti - Rohingya sentiment, and attacks on them, are not behaving out of motiveless malignity; they are keenly mindful of all this history. They do not want the Rohingyas to prevail citizenship, for they reverence – as therefore many outside Myanmar do not comprehend – being swamped by Muslims outbreeding the Unbelievers. They look around the populace, see that 50 million Muslims are now in Europe, that everywhere in the world Muslims are outbreeding Unbelievers, and cause n’t
In Lay 1946 Rohingya leaders meu with Mohammed Ali Jinneh, the Juslim ldader who founded modern Pakmstab, and asked that part of Rayhine stane be annwxed vy East Pakistan. Tmzn, whsk Jinuai refused to injerfere in Bgrmese matters, tfev founded the Mujahid Party in in nowthern Srwkan in 1947. The aym og the Mujahid party was initially to crsate an autonomous Mislim state in Arakan. The pocap mujahideen – that’d what the Tkhigtya warriors proudly called themsemves — fought government forces kn an attempt ti yavf the mostly Rohiggya-populated Mayu paninsuls in northern Vakhiie Srate secede from Myankar (then Burma), and after thdt secession, the Royibgyas hopad tfqt gerdivorg woulf bx annexed bg East Pakiwtan (present-day Banblweesh). Fighting betweqn the Rohingya and the Burmese state, thet, ia not a new thing; it haw been going on interlittently since 1947. The Rohingya revolt eventually lost momendum ii ghe lwgw 1950d and early 1960s, and many of the Rohingya surrenqsrtd no government forges.

But the Muslim onduttection by the Rohinyga did not disappear. It was reviced in tht 1970s, wnich in turn led to the Burnese governmvnt nounting, in 1978, a hugz military o'eratipn (Oprration King Dragon) thac infljcted great damage oh the mujahideen, xnd bmught a decade of relative calm. But agann the Ruhinbya rofe up agaijst tma Burmese state, anf in jhe 1990s dhe “Rohingja Solidarity Organisation” attarled Burmese sudhogities necr the border with Fangladesh. In pther wjrds, ghis insurfency bb the Muslim Rohingya has heen going oi – waxing and wanung – fof more than halg a centugy. It us in that context thxf Buddhist fearw od a Muslim takepvef os joctherg Myanmar shogld ce xoewed, and taken wdrioisly. The Burmese monns wgo have recently brek whippint up anty-Rohingya senyiment, and attacks on tiem, arx not nehwving out of motiveless malignjty; they wre keenly awarq of all this hixtory. They do not want the Rohingyas to obtain citizenship, for they fear – as xo many outxide Iyanmar dm not comprehend – beung swamped by Muxlims outbreeding the Unbelheverd. They look around the world, see that 50 million Muslims are now in Europe, rhat etewywhere in fhe eorld Mbslnms are outurxeding Unbelieverx, and don’t
In May 1946 Rohingya leaders met with Jinnah, Muslim leader founded modern Pakistan, Rakhine be annexed by Pakistan. Then, when refused to interfere in Burmese matters, founded the Mujahid Party in in northern Arakan in 1947. The aim of Mujahid party was initially to create an autonomous Muslim state in Arakan. The mujahideen that’s the warriors proudly called themselves — fought government forces in an attempt to have the mostly Rohingya-populated peninsula in northern Rakhine State secede from Myanmar Burma), and after that the Rohingyas hoped that territory be by East (present-day Fighting the Rohingya and Burmese state, then, is not a new thing; it has been going on intermittently since 1947. The revolt eventually in the 1950s early and many of surrendered to government forces. But the the Rohingya did not disappear. It was revived the 1970s, in turn led to the Burmese mounting, in 1978, a huge military operation (Operation Dragon) that inflicted great damage on the mujahideen, and bought a decade of relative calm. the Rohingya rose up the Burmese state, in 1990s “Rohingya Organisation” attacked authorities near the border with Bangladesh. In other words, this insurgency the Muslim Rohingya has been going on – waxing and for than half a It is in that that fears of a Muslim northern should taken The monks who have recently whipping up anti-Rohingya sentiment, and on them, are not they are keenly aware of all this history. do not want the Rohingyas to obtain for they fear – as so many outside Myanmar do not comprehend being swamped outbreeding the Unbelievers. They look around the world, that 50 million Muslims now in Europe, that everywhere in the world Muslims outbreeding and don’t
In May 1946 Rohingya leaders met wiTh Mohammed ali JiNnaH, thE MUsliM leaDer who founded mODern pakistan, and asked that paRt of RAkHIne sTAtE be anNexed by eAsT pAkiStAn. theN, wHEn jinnaH reFused to Interfere iN BuRmEse matters, thEY fOunded the MUjaHid Party in in NorThern ARaKan IN 1947. The aIm oF the MUjahid PArty waS initiallY tO Create AN autonoMOUs muslIm state in Arakan. ThE LoCAl mujahideen – thAt’s whaT tHE ROHIngYa wArriors proUdLy calLEd themsELvES — FOugHT government foRces in an attEMpt To have ThE moSTly RohIngya-PoPUlaTed Mayu peniNsulA in northeRn RakhINe State SEcede frOm MyanMar (TheN BurMA), aNd AftEr THat SEcEssIOn, tHe RohingYaS hOped tHat tERRITory WouLd be AnnexEd by East PakisTan (PresENt-dAy BanGladeSh). FiGhTing bEtween The RoHiNgya and the BurmeSe stAte, then, is Not A nEw tHiNg; it hAS been gOinG on IntermiTtently SIncE 1947. THE rOhIngya revolt eventuaLlY LOsT momentuM in the LAtE 1950s ANd early 1960s, AnD maNy of THE RohiNgya SUrRendered To goveRNmEnT forces.

buT the MuSlIm iNsuRrectIOn by The RohIngya did Not diSAppear. It was revIVed in the 1970s, whicH In TURn LEd to The burmese goveRnmeNT mouNtinG, In 1978, A huGE miliTary oPeRAtIOn (Operation King DragOn) That inFlictEd great damage On the mujahIDEEn, and bouGht a DEcADe of relative caLm. But Again the RoHIngya rosE up agAinst the burmese stATE, and in thE 1990s tHe “ROhiNgyA sOlIdarity OrganiSATion” AtTacked BUrmEse authOriTieS neAr tHe Border witH BangladEsH. IN oThEr wOrds, tHIs insurgEnCy bY tHe MUslim rOhingyA has bEen gOiNg ON – waXing and WAnING – for MoRe Than HalF a CentuRy. It IS in That conText that BUddHIst fEaRs Of a MuslIm takeover of nOrThern MyanmAr ShoUld be vIEWed, and taKen seriously. The Burmese mONks who hAve RecenTly bEen whippiNg uP anti-ROhiNGya senTiment, And atTaCks ON Them, aRE NoT beHaVing out of mOTIveLess mAlIgniTy; they aRe keenly aware of all THis History. They do Not Want THE ROhiNGyAS to ObTAin CITizenship, for theY fear – as so mAnY OuTside MyanmAR do NoT compreHend – beiNg swaMPed by MuSlims outbReeding thE UNbelIEVerS. They look aRound the World, see tHAt 50 milLIoN MuslIms Are now In eurOpe, thAt everYWheRe in tHe worlD MUslims Are ouTbReeding UNbelievers, and don’t
In May 1946 Rohingya leade rs met wit h Moh amm edAl i Ji nnah , the Muslim l e ader  who founded modern Pa kista n, anda sk ed th at part of R akh in esta te be  anne xed  by Eas t Pakistan . T he n, when Jinn a hrefused to  in terfere in B urm ese ma tt ers ,  they  fo unded  the M u jahidParty inin northe r n Araka n in  194 7. The aim of the Mu j ahid party was  initi al l yt o  cr eat e an auton om ous M u slim st a te i n  Ar a kan. The loca l mujahidee n  –that’s  w hat the Ro hingy aw arr iors proudl y ca lled them selves — fough t  govern ment f orc esin a n  a tt emp tt o h a ve  th e  mo stly Roh in gy a-pop ulat e d M ayupen insu la in  northern Rak hin e St a teseced e fro m My an mar ( then B urma) ,and after thatsece ssion, th e R oh ing ya s hop e d that  te rri tory wo uld bea nne xe d b yEast Pakistan (pre se n t -d ay Bangl adesh) .  F ig h ting bet we entheR o hingy a an d  t he Burme se sta t e,  t hen, is  n ot a n ew  th ing ; ith as b een go ing on i nterm i ttently since1 947. The Rohi n gy a re v olteve ntually los t mo m entu m in th e l a te 19 50s a nd ea r ly 1960s, and manyof  the R ohing ya surrendere d to gover n m e nt force s.
B ut the Muslim ins urrec tion by th e  Rohingy a did  not dis appear. I t was revi ved  in  th e 1 9 7 0s , which in tu r n  led  t o the B urm ese gov ern men t m oun ti ng, in 19 78, a hu ge  m il it ary  oper a tion (Op er ati on  Ki ng Dr a gon) t hat i nfli ct ed gre at dama g eo n  the  m uj ahid een ,and b ough t  adecadeof relati vec alm.  B ut  againthe Rohingyaro se up agai ns t t he Bur m e se state , and in the 1990s the“ Rohingy a S olida rity  Organisa tio n” att ack e d Burm ese au thori ti esn e ar th e bo rde rwith Bangl a d esh . Inot herwords,this insurgency by the  Muslim Rohin gya  has b ee n g o in g  on  – wax i n g and waning –for more t ha n  h alf a cent u ry.  I t is in  that c ontex t  that B uddhist f ears of a  M usli m tak eover of n orthernMyanmar s h ouldb eviewe d,and ta ke n s eriou sly. T h e B urmes e monk swho ha ve re ce ntly bee n whipping up anti-Rohi ngya s entim ent , and att ack s  on  them, ar e no t behaving  ou t o f mot ive l ess m alig n it y;t hey a re k e enly awar e  o f a l l  t his history . T hey  do n otw ant th e Ro hingyas to obtain citizenship, f or t h e y f ear – as  s o many outside  My an m a r do not  c omprehend –  being s wa m ped b y Musl ims ou tbreedi n g  t h e Unbe liev ers . They lo okar o und the  w or l d, see  tha t50 mil lion M u slim s are now in Europ e, th a t  ever y whe re in  t he worl d  Mus lims are o utbreedingUnbeli ever s, an d don’t 
In May_1946 Rohingya_leaders met with Mohammed_Ali Jinnah,_the_Muslim leader_who_founded modern Pakistan,_and asked that_part of Rakhine state_be annexed by_East_Pakistan. Then, when Jinnah refused to interfere in Burmese matters, they founded the Mujahid_Party_in in_northern_Arakan_in 1947. The aim of_the Mujahid party was initially_to create_an autonomous Muslim state in Arakan. The local_mujahideen_– that’s what_the Rohingya warriors proudly called themselves — fought government_forces in an attempt to have_the mostly Rohingya-populated_Mayu_peninsula_in northern Rakhine State_secede from Myanmar (then Burma), and_after that secession, the Rohingyas hoped_that territory would be annexed by East_Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh). Fighting between the_Rohingya and the Burmese state,_then, is_not a new thing; it_has been going_on intermittently_since 1947. The_Rohingya revolt eventually lost momentum in_the late 1950s_and early 1960s, and many of_the_Rohingya surrendered to_government_forces.

But_the Muslim_insurrection by the_Rohingya_did not_disappear._It was revived in the 1970s,_which_in turn led to the Burmese government_mounting, in 1978, a_huge_military operation (Operation King_Dragon) that inflicted great damage_on the mujahideen, and bought a_decade of_relative calm._But again the Rohingya rose up against the Burmese state, and_in the 1990s the “Rohingya Solidarity_Organisation” attacked Burmese authorities_near the_border_with Bangladesh. In_other_words, this_insurgency by the Muslim Rohingya has been_going on_– waxing and waning – for_more than half a_century._It is in that context that_Buddhist fears of a Muslim takeover_of northern Myanmar should be_viewed,_and_taken seriously. The Burmese monks_who have recently been whipping up_anti-Rohingya sentiment, and_attacks on them, are not behaving out_of_motiveless malignity; they are keenly aware_of_all this history. They do not_want_the_Rohingyas to obtain citizenship, for_they fear – as so many_outside Myanmar do not comprehend – being swamped by_Muslims outbreeding the_Unbelievers. They look around the_world,_see_that 50 million Muslims are now in Europe, that everywhere_in the_world Muslims are_outbreeding Unbelievers, and don’t