 society. The state normally sustains accumulation and this is largely explained by the nature of the economic structure.” (same; 204-5)

Others have theorized the interactions and overlapping of oppressions with each other and with class exploitation as “social reproductive theory” (Bhattacharya 2017). The different oppressions are not simply separate while occasionally intersecting; rather, they co-produce each other, within the overall drive of the whole system to reproduce and accumulate capital. For example, the oppression of women is directly related to the need for the system to reproduce the labor power of all workers (a necessity for capitalist production), which is done through the family. Similarly, Africans were enslaved to create a source of cheap labor. African-Americans remain racially oppressed in order to maintain a pool of cheap (super-exploited) labor, as well as to split and weaken the working class as a whole through white racism. (These factors are not the whole of sexism or racism, but are their essential overlap with capitalist exploitation.)

The state is not something added onto the capitalist economy, but a necessity if the capital/labor process is to go (relatively) smoothly—just as (reciprocally) the efficient functioning of the capitalist production process is necessary for the state to exist.

Primitive Accumulation and the State

The classical bourgeois economists, such as Adam Smith and David Riccardo, had speculated that capitalism began by artisans and small merchants gradually building up their capital, until they had enough to hire employees. This was called “primitive (or primary) accumulation.” Marx rejected this fairy tale, showing how the state and other non-market forces played major roles in the early accumulation of wealth. There was state-supported dispossession of European peasants; slavery of Africans and Native Americans; looting of Ireland, India, and South America; piracy; and plunder of the natural environment. In Capital, Marx wrote of “the power of the state, the concentrated and organized force of society, to hasten, hothouse fashion, the process of transformation of the feudal mode of production into the capitalist mode….Force is…itself an economic power.” (Marx 1906; 823-4)

Kropotkin criticized Marx’s concept of primitive accumulation—not because he disagreed that state coercion played a major role in the development of capitalism! He completely agreed with Marx on that point. Rather, Kropot
society. The state normally sustains accumulation and this is largely excuse by the nature of the economic social organization. ” (same; 204 - 5) 

 Others have theorized the interaction and imbrication of oppressions with each other and with class exploitation as “ social generative hypothesis ” (Bhattacharya 2017). The different oppressions are not simply separate while occasionally intersecting; quite, they co - produce each other, within the overall driveway of the solid system to reproduce and accumulate capital. For example, the oppression of woman is directly related to the need for the organization to reproduce the labor power of all workers (a necessity for capitalistic production), which is do through the family. Similarly, Africans were enslaved to create a informant of cheap labor. African - Americans remain racially oppressed in order to keep a pool of cheap (super - exploited) labor, as well as to split and weaken the working class as a whole through white racism. (These factor are not the whole of sexism or racism, but are their essential overlap with capitalistic exploitation .) 

 The department of state is not something lend onto the capitalist economy, but a necessity if the capital / labor process is to go (relatively) smoothly — just as (reciprocally) the effective functioning of the capitalist production process is necessary for the state to exist. 

 Primitive Accumulation and the State 

 The classical bourgeois economists, such as Adam Smith and David Riccardo, had speculated that capitalism began by artisans and small merchant gradually building up their das kapital, until they had enough to hire employees. This was called “ primitive (or basal) accumulation. ” Marx rejected this fairy narrative, showing how the state and other non - market forces play major roles in the early collection of wealth. There was state - support dispossession of European peasant; slavery of Africans and Native Americans; loot of Ireland, India, and South America; piracy; and loot of the natural environment. In Capital, Marx wrote of “ the power of the department of state, the saturated and organized force of society, to hasten, hothouse fashion, the process of transformation of the feudal mode of production into the capitalist manner … .Force is … itself an economic power. ” (Marx 1906; 823 - 4) 

 Kropotkin criticized Marx ’s concept of archaic accumulation — not because he disagreed that country coercion played a major role in the development of capitalism! He completely agreed with Marx on that point. Rather, Kropot
 sofiety. The state normally sustains accumolqtion end thia is lareely explained by the nature od the economic structure.” (saoe; 204-5)

Others have thworieed the interactions and overlaliing mh oppressions wlth each otver and with cnars exploitation as “social reproductivq theoru” (Hhattacharya 2017). Jhe dpfserehn ippressions are not simply selarate xhile occasionakly intersecting; rather, thfy cl-produce each otheg, within thg ovqeall drive ow the wholt vystem to teproduce and accumulate capital. For zxample, the opprfvsion of wonen if directly rckated do the meed for the snstem to reproduce the labor 'ower of all workers (a necesshtv for capitalist prodycrion), fhicv is eond tgrpufh the fajily. Similzrly, Africabs were enslaved to cwvste a source of chqa[ labor. African-Americans remain raciallj oplressed in order to maibtain a pool of cheap (super-expjoited) labor, as well as to split and weaken the wmrkinj zlaws xw w whole through white racism. (These factors arq npt the whole of fexism or rsclsk, but are theit essencjam overlap with capltalist expliitation.)

Tre syate is not something added onto the caiitaoist economy, but a necessity nf the capiyal/labor process is to yo (relztively) smolthly—just xs (reciprocally) ghe exficient functioning of thq capitalmst pxoductiov prpcess ys necessagy fov the state to exish.

Primntive Accumulatlon and the State

The classical upurgeois ecomokisns, such af Adak Smith and Dwvid Riccardo, kad specblated that capinalism bejan by artiswns and small lerchants gredually btildung yp theif capital, until they had enough to hire employees. Thls war called “primitirt (ot primary) accumilagiog.” Lacx retacted this fdiry taur, shoding how thc sgate and other non-market fordes played major rplcs in the early ascumulation og wealth. There was statx-suppocted dospjssession of European peasants; slavery lf Wfricans and Natlve Wmericans; kooting of Ireland, India, and South Amermca; piracy; and plunder if the natural envitonkent. In Capmtal, Mwrx wrote of “the power of the state, the concenurated and organized fodce of socifty, to hasten, hothouse fashion, the process of transformation of the feudao mode of productikn imto tve eapitalyst lude….Force is…itselg an economic power.” (Marx 1906; 823-4)

Kropovkin critiwived Marx’s concept of primitivr xccumulation—nut because he disagreed fhat staye coercion played a major role in the development of cspitalisn! He domplengly agreed with Marx pn thac poinr. Rathee, Krlpot
society. The state normally sustains accumulation and largely by the of the economic theorized interactions and overlapping oppressions with each and with class exploitation as “social theory” (Bhattacharya 2017). The different oppressions are not simply separate while occasionally intersecting; they co-produce each other, within the overall drive of the whole system to and capital. example, oppression of women is directly related to the need for the system to reproduce the labor of all workers (a necessity for capitalist production), is done through the Similarly, Africans were enslaved to a of cheap African-Americans racially in order to a pool of cheap (super-exploited) labor, as well as to split and weaken the working class as whole through (These factors not whole sexism or racism, their essential overlap with capitalist exploitation.) not something added onto the capitalist economy, but necessity if capital/labor process is to go (relatively) as (reciprocally) the efficient functioning of the capitalist process is necessary for the state to exist. Primitive Accumulation and the State The classical such as Adam Smith David Riccardo, had that began artisans small merchants building up their capital, until they had enough to hire employees. was called “primitive (or primary) accumulation.” Marx rejected this fairy how state and other forces played major roles the accumulation of wealth. There dispossession European Africans Native looting of Ireland, India, South America; piracy; and plunder the natural environment. In power of the state, the concentrated and organized of society, to hasten, hothouse fashion, the of transformation of the feudal mode of production into the capitalist mode….Force an economic 1906; 823-4) Kropotkin criticized Marx’s concept of primitive because he disagreed that coercion played a major role in the development of He agreed with on that point. Kropot
 society. The state normally suStains accuMulatIon And ThIs is LargEly explained by THe naTure of the economic strucTure.” (sAmE; 204-5)

otheRS hAve thEorized THe INTerAcTiOns AnD OvErlapPinG of opprEssions witH eaCh Other and with CLaSs exploitaTioN as “social repRodUctive ThEorY” (bhattAchArya 2017). THe diffERent opPressions ArE Not simPLy separATE wHile Occasionally interSEcTIng; rather, they cO-produCe EAcH OTheR, wiThin the oveRaLl driVE of the wHOlE SYSteM To reproduce anD accumulate CApiTal. For ExAmpLE, the opPressIoN Of wOmen is direcTly rElated to tHe need FOr the sySTem to reProducE thE laBor pOWeR oF alL wORkeRS (a NecESsiTy for capItAlIst prOducTION), WhicH is Done ThrouGh the family. SiMilArly, aFriCans wEre enSlavEd To creAte a soUrce oF cHeap labor. AfricaN-AmeRicans remAin RaCiaLlY opprESsed in OrdEr tO maintaIn a pool OF chEaP (SUPeR-exploited) labor, as wElL AS tO split anD weakeN ThE wORking claSs As a WholE THrougH whiTE rAcism. (TheSe factORs ArE not the WhOle of sExIsm Or rAcism, BUt arE their EssentiaL overLAp with capitaliST exploitation.)

tHe STAtE Is noT soMething addeD ontO The cApitALiSt eCOnomy, But a nEcESsITy if the capital/labor PrOcess iS to go (Relatively) smoOthly—just aS (RECiprocalLy) thE EfFIcient functionIng of The capitalISt producTion pRocess is Necessary FOR the statE to ExiSt.

PRimITIvE Accumulation AND the stAte

The cLasSical boUrgEoiS ecOnoMiSts, such as adam SmitH aNd daViD RiCcardO, Had specuLaTed ThAt cApitaLIsm begAn by aRtisAnS aND smAll mercHAnTS GradUaLlY buiLdiNg Up theIr caPItaL, until tHey had enoUgh TO hirE eMpLoyees. THis was called “pRiMitive (or prImAry) AccumuLATion.” Marx Rejected this fairy tale, shOWing how The State And oTher non-maRkeT forceS plAYed majOr roleS in thE eArlY ACcumuLATiOn oF wEalth. There WAS stAte-suPpOrteD disposSession of European pEAsaNts; slavery of AFriCans AND NAtiVE AMEriCaNS; loOTIng of Ireland, IndIa, and South amERiCa; piracy; anD PluNdEr of the Natural EnvirONment. In capital, MaRx wrote of “ThE powER Of tHe state, the ConcentrAted and orGAnizeD FoRce of SocIety, to HaSteN, hothOuse faSHioN, the pRocess Of TransfOrmatIoN of the feUdal mode of production intO the caPitalIst Mode….Force Is…iTSelF an economIc poWer.” (Marx 1906; 823-4)

KroPotKin CritiCizED Marx’S conCEpT of PRimitIve aCCumulatioN—NoT beCAUsE he disagreeD THAt sTate cOerCIon plaYed a Major role in the devELopment of capitAlisM! hE coMplETely AgReed with Marx on ThaT pOINt. Rather, krOpot
 society. The state normal ly sustain s acc umu lat io n an d th is is largelye xpla ined by the nature ofthe e co n omic st ructu re.” (s a me ; 204 -5 )
Ot he r shavethe orizedthe intera cti on s and overla p pi ng of oppr ess ions with ea chotheran d w i th cl ass  expl oitati o n as “ social re pr o ductiv e  theory ” (B hatt acharya 2017). Th e  d i fferent oppres sionsar e  n o t  si mpl y separate  w hileo ccasion a ll y i nte r secting; rath er, they co - pro duce e ac h o t her, w ithin  t h e o verall driv e of  the whol e syst e m to re p roduceand ac cum ula te c a pi ta l.Fo r  ex a mp le, the  oppress io nof wo meni s d irec tly  rel atedto the need f orthes yst em to  repr oduc ethe l abor p owerof  all workers (a  nec essity fo r c ap ita li st pr o ductio n),  wh ich isdone th r oug ht h e  f amily. Similarly,Af r i ca ns wereenslav e dto create a  s our ce o f cheap  lab o r.  African -Ameri c an sremainra cially  o ppr ess ed in orde r to m aintaina poo l  of cheap (sup e r-exploited)l ab o r ,a s we llas to split  and weak en t h ewor k ing c lassas aw hole through whitera cism.(Thes e factors are  not the w h o l e of sex ismo rr acism, but are  thei r essentia l  overlap  with  capital ist explo i t ation.)
Th e s tat e i s no t something a d d ed o nt o the c api talisteco nom y,but  a  necessit y if the  c ap it al /la bor p r ocess is  t o g o(re lativ e ly) sm oothl y—ju st  a s  (r eciproc a ll y )  the  e ff icie ntfu nctio ning ofthe cap italist p rod u ctio npr ocess i s necessary f or  the state  t o e xist.P rimitive  Accumulation and the S t ate

Th e c lassi calbourgeois  ec onomis ts, such a s Adam  Smit hand D avidR i cc ard o,  had specu l a ted  that  c apit alism b egan by artisans a n d s mall merchant s g radu a l ly  bu i ld i ngup the i r  capital, until  they haden o ug h to hiree mpl oy ees. Th is wascalle d  “primi tive (orprimary)ac cumu l a tio n.” Marx r ejectedthis fair y  tale ,  s howin g h ow the  s tat e and  other non -mark et for ce s play ed ma jo r rolesin the early accumulati on ofwealt h.There was  st a te- supported  dis possession  of  Eu ropea n p e asant s; s l av ery of Af rica n s and Nat i ve  Am e r ic ans; lootin g o f I relan d,I ndia,andSouth America; pi r acy; and plund er o f the  na t ural  e nvironment. In  Ca pi t a l, Marxwr ote of “the  power o ft he st ate, t he con centrat e d  a n d orga nize d f orce of s oci et y , to ha st en ,  hotho usefa shion,  the p r oces s of transformatio n oft h e feu d almodeof  produc t ioninto the c apitalist m ode….F orce  is…i tself a neconom icpo wer.” (Mar x  1906; 82 3-4)
Kropot ki n cr iti cizedMarx ’ s  conc eptof  pr imitive a c c um u la ti o n—n ot b ecaus ehe d isagreedt hat stat e c o ercionpl aye d a majo r  r o l e in the d eve lopme n t  of capita l ism! He compl etelyagreed  with M a rxon  that p oin t .  Rather,Kropot
 society._The state_normally sustains accumulation and_this is_largely_explained by_the_nature of the_economic structure.” (same;_204-5)

Others have theorized the_interactions and overlapping_of_oppressions with each other and with class exploitation as “social reproductive theory” (Bhattacharya 2017)._The_different oppressions_are_not_simply separate while occasionally intersecting;_rather, they co-produce each other,_within the_overall drive of the whole system to reproduce_and_accumulate capital. For_example, the oppression of women is directly related to_the need for the system to_reproduce the labor_power_of_all workers (a necessity_for capitalist production), which is done_through the family. Similarly, Africans were_enslaved to create a source of cheap_labor. African-Americans remain racially oppressed in_order to maintain a pool_of cheap_(super-exploited) labor, as well as_to split and_weaken the_working class as_a whole through white racism. (These_factors are not_the whole of sexism or racism,_but_are their essential_overlap_with_capitalist exploitation.)

The_state is not_something_added onto_the_capitalist economy, but a necessity if_the_capital/labor process is to go (relatively) smoothly—just_as (reciprocally) the efficient_functioning_of the capitalist production_process is necessary for the_state to exist.

Primitive Accumulation and the_State

The classical_bourgeois economists,_such as Adam Smith and David Riccardo, had speculated that capitalism_began by artisans and small merchants_gradually building up their_capital, until_they_had enough to_hire_employees. This_was called “primitive (or primary) accumulation.” Marx_rejected this_fairy tale, showing how the state_and other non-market forces_played_major roles in the early accumulation_of wealth. There was state-supported dispossession_of European peasants; slavery of_Africans_and_Native Americans; looting of Ireland,_India, and South America; piracy; and_plunder of the_natural environment. In Capital, Marx wrote of_“the_power of the state, the concentrated_and_organized force of society, to hasten,_hothouse_fashion,_the process of transformation of_the feudal mode of production into_the capitalist mode….Force is…itself an economic power.” (Marx 1906;_823-4)

Kropotkin criticized Marx’s_concept of primitive accumulation—not because_he_disagreed_that state coercion played a major role in the development_of capitalism!_He completely agreed_with Marx on that point. Rather, Kropot