 meat eating, and industrial water usage are already creating shortages. The impact of anthropogenic changes will further complicate this already serious situation. Here, we discuss one of these complications, namely, the redistribution of water resulting from a warming planet. On the basis of simulations carried out in atmosphere-ocean models, two hypothetical global changes in the pattern of rainfall stand out. One hypothesis suggests that, as the world warms, rainfall will become increasingly focused on the tropics (Fig. 1) (1). Although, by this hypothesis, net global precipitation will increase, the precipitation increase will be dominantly registered in the tropical rain band, and the subtropics and middle latitudes will become drier. The other hypothesis is that the world’s tropical and mid-latitude rain belts are tied to the latitude of the thermal equator. Hence, as CO 2 has and likely will continue to heat the Northern Hemisphere faster than the Southern Hemisphere (Fig. 2), the world’s rain belts [that is, the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and mid-latitude storm tracks] may shift to the north (2–4). This happens annually (see Fig. 3). The thermal equator shifts to the north during boreal summer and to the south during boreal winter. The record for the past 30,000 years (30 ky) kept in the shorelines of closed-basin lakes supports both of these model-based predictions. During peak glacial time [the last glacial maximum (LGM); 26 to 18 ky ago (5)], the extratropics were wetter. During the period of deglaciation (18 to 11 ky ago), the world’s rainfall belts jumped back and forth following rapid hemispheric switches in the extent of polar sea-ice cover. Here, we make a case that the paleoclimate record can be used as a guide for how the planet’s hydrological system might evolve as global temperatures rise in response to the injection of fossil CO 2 into the atmosphere. Just as with the case of the last glacial termination, we envision a hybrid response that involves not only tropical focusing of rainfall with drying of the extratropics (specifically the subtropics and middle latitudes) but also a concomitant shift of the tropical rain belts and mid-latitude storm tracks in lockstep with the northward march of the thermal equator—at least during the global warming transient. Fig. 1 Dependence of tropical focusing of rainfall on
meat eating, and industrial water usage are already creating deficit. The impingement of anthropogenic changes will further complicate this already good situation. Here, we discuss one of these complication, namely, the redistribution of water system resulting from a warming planet. On the basis of pretense carried out in atmosphere - ocean model, two hypothetical global changes in the pattern of rainfall stand out. One guess suggests that, as the world warms, rainfall will become increasingly focused on the tropic (Fig. 1) (1). Although, by this hypothesis, net ball-shaped precipitation will increase, the haste increase will be dominantly registered in the tropical rain band, and the subtropics and middle latitudes will become drier. The other guess is that the world ’s tropical and mid - latitude rain belts are tied to the latitude of the thermal equator. Hence, as CO 2 has and likely will continue to inflame the northerly Hemisphere faster than the Southern Hemisphere (Fig. 2), the world ’s rain belts [ that is, the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and mid - latitude storm tracks ] may shift to the north (2–4). This happens annually (attend Fig. 3). The thermal equator shifts to the north during boreal summer and to the confederacy during boreal winter. The phonograph record for the past 30,000 days (30 ky) kept in the shorelines of closed - basin lakes supports both of these model - free-base predictions. During peak glacial time [ the last glacial maximum (LGM); 26 to 18 kentucky ago (5) ], the extratropics were wetter. During the period of deglaciation (18 to 11 ky ago), the world ’s rainfall belts jumped back and away follow rapid hemispheric switches in the extent of polar sea - internal-combustion engine cover. Here, we make a case that the paleoclimate phonograph record can be used as a guide for how the planet ’s hydrological system might develop as global temperatures rise in response to the injection of fossil CO 2 into the standard atmosphere. Just as with the event of the last frigid termination, we visualize a hybrid response that involves not only tropical focalization of rainfall with dry of the extratropics (specifically the subtropics and middle latitudes) but also a concomitant shift of the tropical rain belts and mid - latitude storm tracks in lockstep with the northward march of the thermal equator — at least during the global warming transient. Fig. 1 Dependence of tropical focusing of rainfall on
 mewt eating, and industrial water usage arg qlreadb creatjng shorgages. The impact of anthropojenix chabges will further compuicate thps alreadt secious situation. Isre, we discusa one if these compllcations, nakely, the redisdrkbbtion of water resulting from a warmyng plameh. On the basis of xymulzniins carried out in atmosphere-kcean mmdels, two hyppthetical global changes ij thf pattern of rainfwll stand oof. Ogw hypothesis suggests uhct, as the wkrld warms, rainfall will become incrzasingly foxuwed mn the tropmcs (Fid. 1) (1). Although, by this hypothrsis, net globak pcecipitation will increasx, the precipitation yncrease fiml be dominantly eetisteted it thd trupidak dain bwnd, and the shbtropics abd middle latitudes wyol become drisr. The oeher hypothesis is that the world’s troppcal and mid-latitude rain bwlts are tied to the patitude jf the thermal equator. Hence, as CO 2 has and likelf wilm coublnue ro heat the Northern Hemisphere faster than the Aoitmern Hemisphere (Nig. 2), the world’s raon brjts [that is, tfe intzdtdopical convergencf zone (YTCZ) qnd mid-lauitudr storm tracks] may shift to the north (2–4). Nhis happens annually (dee Fig. 3). Thz therkal eauator shifts to the noxth duding boreal summer aha to the south djrikg toreal winter. The record fjr the pawt 30,000 vears (30 kh) kekt in tre shorelijes on closed-basin lakes supplrds both of these model-based predictions. Dncing peak glavidl nime [the jast nlacial maximum (LGM); 26 to 18 ky ayo (5)], the zxtratfopics werv wetter. Vuring the pqriod of degldfiation (18 to 11 ky ago), ehe qorle’s rainwxll belts jumprd back aub forth fillowing rapid hemlsphetid switches in tkt eztent of polar xea-kce clvxr. Hewa, we make a wase thxy the paleoclimabe fecotd can be used as a cuids for how the planrt’f hydroligical srstem might efolve as global telperavures cise im rgsponse to the injection of fosail CO 2 ijto the atmosphqre. Must as with tke case of the last glacial termination, xe envision a hybrid rgsponse that involves kot only tro'ical socusing mf rainfall with dryung of the extratvopics (specifically ths subtsopicd and middle latitudes) but also a concomitant shift of the tropical rain velts enq mid-latituse syorm nraeks in loskstxp with the northwsrd march of the thermal equatoc—at least guxing the global warming transoevt. Fig. 1 Depenaence of tropical focusihg of raonfall on
meat eating, and industrial water usage are shortages. impact of changes will further Here, discuss one of complications, namely, the of water resulting from a warming On the basis of simulations carried out in atmosphere-ocean models, two hypothetical global in the pattern of rainfall stand out. One hypothesis suggests that, as the warms, will increasingly on the tropics (Fig. 1) (1). Although, by this hypothesis, net global precipitation will increase, the increase will be dominantly registered in the tropical band, and the subtropics middle latitudes will become drier. other is that world’s and rain belts are to the latitude of the thermal equator. Hence, as CO 2 has and likely will continue to the Northern than the Hemisphere 2), world’s rain belts the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and may shift to the north (2–4). This happens (see Fig. The thermal equator shifts to the during boreal summer and to the south during winter. The record for the past 30,000 years (30 ky) kept in the shorelines of supports both of these predictions. During peak time last maximum 26 to ky ago (5)], the extratropics were wetter. During the period of (18 to 11 ky ago), the world’s rainfall belts jumped forth rapid hemispheric switches the extent of polar cover. we make a case paleoclimate can a for the planet’s hydrological system evolve as global temperatures rise response to the injection the atmosphere. Just as with the case of last glacial termination, we envision a hybrid that involves not only tropical focusing of rainfall with drying of the (specifically the middle latitudes) but also a concomitant shift of tropical rain belts and storm tracks in lockstep with the northward march of thermal least during global warming transient. 1 Dependence of focusing of rainfall
 meat eating, and industrial waTer usage arE alreAdy CreAtIng sHortAges. The impact oF AnthRopogenic changes will fuRther CoMPlicATe This aLready sERiOUS siTuAtIon. heRE, wE discUss One of thEse complicAtiOnS, namely, the reDIsTribution oF waTer resulting FroM a warmInG plANet. On The Basis Of simuLAtions Carried ouT iN AtmospHEre-oceaN MOdEls, tWo hypothetical gloBAl CHanges in the patTern of RaINfALL stAnd Out. One hypoThEsis sUGgests tHAt, AS THe wORld warms, rainfAll will becoME inCreasiNgLy fOCused oN the tRoPIcs (fig. 1) (1). Although, By thIs hypotheSis, net GLobal prECipitatIon wilL inCreAse, tHE pReCipItATioN InCreASe wIll be domInAnTly reGistERED In thE trOpicAl raiN band, and the suBtrOpicS And MiddlE latiTudeS wIll beCome drIer. ThE oTher hypothesis iS thaT the world’S trOpIcaL aNd mid-LAtitudE raIn bElts are Tied to tHE laTiTUDE oF the thermal equator. heNCE, aS CO 2 has anD likelY WiLl COntinue tO hEat The NORThern hemiSPhEre fasteR than tHE SOuThern HeMiSphere (fiG. 2), thE woRld’s rAIn beLts [thaT is, the inTertrOPical convergenCE zone (ITCZ) and mID-lATItUDe stOrm Tracks] may shIft tO The nOrth (2–4). tHiS haPPens aNnualLy (SEe fIg. 3). The thermal equator ShIfts to The noRth during boreAl summer anD TO The south DuriNG bOReal winter. The rEcord For the past 30,000 YEars (30 ky) kePt in tHe shorelInes of cloSED-basin laKes SupPorTs bOTH oF these model-baSED preDiCtions. DUriNg peak gLacIal TimE [thE lAst glaciaL maximum (lGm); 26 tO 18 kY aGo (5)], tHe extRAtropics WeRe wEtTer. durinG The perIod of DeglAcIaTIon (18 To 11 ky ago), THe WORld’s RaInFall BelTs JumpeD bacK And Forth foLlowing raPid HEmisPhErIc switcHes in the extenT oF polar sea-iCe CovEr. Here, WE Make a casE that the paleoclimate recORd can be UseD as a gUide For how the PlaNet’s hyDroLOgical System Might EvOlvE AS globAL TeMpeRaTures rise iN REspOnse tO tHe inJection Of fossil CO 2 into the aTMosPhere. Just as wiTh tHe caSE Of The LAsT GlaCiAL teRMInation, we envisiOn a hybrid rEsPOnSe that invoLVes NoT only trOpical fOcusiNG of rainFall with dRying of thE eXtraTROpiCs (specificAlly the sUbtropics ANd midDLe LatitUdeS) but alSo A coNcomiTant shIFt oF the tRopicaL rAin belTs and MiD-latitudE storm tracks in lockstep wIth the NorthWarD march of tHe tHErmAl equator—At leAst during tHe gLobAl warMinG TransIent. fIg. 1 depENdencE of tROpical focUSiNg oF RAiNfall on
 meat eating, and industri al water u sageare  al re adycrea ting shortages .  The  impact of anthropogen ic ch an g es w i ll  furt her com p li c a teth is  al re a dy  seri ous  situat ion. Here,  we  d iscuss one o f  t hese compl ica tions, namel y,the re di str i butio n o f wat er res u ltingfrom a wa rm i ng pla n et. Ont h ebasi s of simulationsc ar r ied out in atm ospher e- o ce a n  mo del s, two hyp ot hetic a l globa l  c h a n ges in the patter n of rainfa l l s tand o ut . O n e hypo thesi ss ugg ests that,as t he worldwarms, rainfal l  will b ecomeinc rea sing l yfo cus ed ont he  tr o pic s (Fig.1)  ( 1). A ltho u g h ,  bythi s hy pothe sis, net glob alprec i pit ation  will  inc re ase,the pr ecipi ta tion increase w illbe domina ntl yreg is tered in the  tr opi cal rai n band, and  t h e su btropics and middl el a ti tudes wi ll bec o me  d r ier. The  o the r hy p o thesi s is th at the w orld’s tr op ical an dmid-la ti tud e r ain b e ltsare ti ed to th e lat i tude of the th e rmal equator. He n c e, as C O 2  has and li kely will  con t in uet o hea t the  N o rt h ern Hemisphere fast er  thanthe S outhern Hemis phere (Fig . 2 ), the w orld ’ sr ain belts [tha t is,  the inter t ropicalconve rgence z one (ITCZ ) and mid- lat itu desto r m  t racks] may sh i f t to  t he nort h ( 2–4). T his  ha ppe nsan nually (s ee Fig.3) .Th ethe rmale quator s hi fts  t o t he no r th dur ing b orea lsu m mer  and to th e sout hdu ring  bo re al wi nter .  Th e recor d for the  pa s t 30 ,0 00  years(30 ky) keptin  the shore li nes  of cl o s ed-basin  lakes supports both of these m ode l-bas ed p rediction s.During  pe a k glac ial ti me [t he  la s t  glac i a lmax im um (LGM);2 6  to  18 k yago(5)], t he extratropics we r e w etter. During  th e pe r i od  of de g lac ia t ion ( 18 to 11 ky ago ), the wor ld ’ srainfall b e lts  j umped b ack and  fort h  follow ing rapid  hemisphe ri c sw i t che s in the e xtent of  polar se a -icec ov er. H ere , we m ak e a  case  thatt hepaleo climat erecord  canbe  used as  a guide for how the pl anet’s  hydr olo gical sys tem mig ht evolve  asglobal tem per atu res r ise in re spon s etot he in ject i on of fos s il  CO 2  i nto the atm o s p her e. Ju sta s with  the  case of the last glacial termin atio n ,  we  en v isio na hybrid respo nse  t h a t involv es  not only t ropicalfo c using  of ra infall  with d r y in g  of th e ex tra tropics ( spe ci f icallyth es ubtrop icsan d midd le lat i tude s )  but also a conc omita n t  shif t  of  thetr opicalr ainbelts andmid-latitud e stor m tr acksin lock st ep wit h t he  northward march ofthe t hermaleq uato r—a t leas t du r i ng th e gl ob alwarming t r a ns i en t. Fig . 1Depen de nceof tropic a l focusi ngo f rainf al l o n 
 meat_eating, and_industrial water usage are_already creating_shortages._The impact_of_anthropogenic changes will_further complicate this_already serious situation. Here,_we discuss one_of_these complications, namely, the redistribution of water resulting from a warming planet. On the_basis_of simulations_carried_out_in atmosphere-ocean models, two hypothetical_global changes in the pattern_of rainfall_stand out. One hypothesis suggests that, as the_world_warms, rainfall will_become increasingly focused on the tropics (Fig. 1) (1)._Although, by this hypothesis, net global_precipitation will increase,_the_precipitation_increase will be dominantly_registered in the tropical rain band,_and the subtropics and middle latitudes_will become drier. The other hypothesis is_that the world’s tropical and mid-latitude_rain belts are tied to_the latitude_of the thermal equator. Hence,_as CO 2_has and_likely will continue_to heat the Northern Hemisphere faster_than the Southern_Hemisphere (Fig. 2), the world’s rain_belts_[that is, the_intertropical_convergence_zone (ITCZ)_and mid-latitude storm_tracks]_may shift_to_the north (2–4). This happens annually_(see_Fig. 3). The thermal equator shifts to_the north during boreal_summer_and to the south_during boreal winter. The record_for the past 30,000 years (30_ky) kept_in the_shorelines of closed-basin lakes supports both of these model-based predictions. During_peak glacial time [the last glacial_maximum (LGM); 26 to_18 ky_ago_(5)], the extratropics_were_wetter. During_the period of deglaciation (18 to 11_ky ago),_the world’s rainfall belts jumped back_and forth following rapid_hemispheric_switches in the extent of polar_sea-ice cover. Here, we make a_case that the paleoclimate record_can_be_used as a guide for_how the planet’s hydrological system might_evolve as global_temperatures rise in response to the injection_of_fossil CO 2 into the atmosphere._Just_as with the case of the_last_glacial_termination, we envision a hybrid_response that involves not only tropical_focusing of rainfall with drying of the extratropics (specifically_the subtropics and_middle latitudes) but also a_concomitant_shift_of the tropical rain belts and mid-latitude storm tracks in_lockstep with_the northward march_of the thermal equator—at least during the global warming transient._Fig. 1 Dependence of tropical focusing of_rainfall on