, according to particular loyalties? Could a collection of players, however great, stimulate public interest, when there was nothing on the end of it, except a considerable amount of money for the participants? The fact that tennis players and golfers are a constant attraction was irrelevant; they are individuals playing for no one but themselves. And moreover, the whole crux of this matter was linked to big business - the business of television, and not so much to the furtherance of cricket or cricketers.

1992-93: Technology takes its bow

Some events develop significance later, others are recognised immediately. This belonged in the second category. There was surprisingly little resistance to the use of television replays for line decisions on India's trip to South Africa late in 1992. But it still felt bizarre to have finally reached this point after the embarrassment TV had been causing umpires for decades.

On the second day of the First Test at Durban, Jonty Rhodes swooped at backward point and flicked an airborne throw to Andrew Hudson at short leg. Umpire Cyril Mitchley was "almost certain" Sachin Tendulkar had been run out but, having been a consultant during the system's trials, had no hesitation in referring it. Third umpire Karl Liebenberg held his breath: there were no fixed cameras at square leg, and everything depended on the midwicket cameraman. But the shot was there. Liebenberg pressed the green light (for "go", which in those days meant "out"), and Tendulkar's dismissal had taken just 34 seconds longer than normal. "I felt instantly the game had changed for ever - and for the better," said South African captain Kepler Wessels.

After domestic use of the referral system revealed its imperfections, fixed cameras - known as the Pana-eye - were implemented in South Africa two years later. They became standard after that. Today, we have the Decision Review System, when money and politics allow. Even the umpires have accepted that their word is no longer necessarily final - a profound shift in the game's psyche. NEIL MANTHORP

From Wisden 1994: The Indians in South Africa, by Richard Streeton

The tour will be remembered for the introduction of ICC's scheme for independent umpires and even more for the South African board's experiment using television replays to settle difficult line decisions. It was a successful innovation, welcomed by most players and
, according to particular loyalties? Could a collection of actor, however big, stimulate public interest, when there was nothing on the conclusion of it, except a considerable amount of money for the participants? The fact that tennis player and golfer are a constant attraction was irrelevant; they are individuals playing for no one but themselves. And moreover, the solid crux of this matter was connect to big business - the business of television, and not so a lot to the furtherance of cricket or cricketers. 

 1992 - 93: Technology take its bow 

 Some events develop meaning later, others are recognize immediately. This belonged in the second class. There was surprisingly little resistance to the consumption of television replays for line decisions on India's trip to South Africa deep in 1992. But it still felt bizarre to have finally reached this point after the embarrassment TV had been causing umpires for decades. 

 On the second sidereal day of the First Test at Durban, Jonty Rhodes pounce at backward point and flick an airborne throw to Andrew Hudson at light leg. Umpire Cyril Mitchley was " almost sealed " Sachin Tendulkar had been run out but, having been a adviser during the system's trials, had no reluctance in referring it. Third umpire Karl Liebenberg held his breath: there were no fixed television camera at square leg, and everything depended on the midwicket cameraman. But the shot was there. Liebenberg pressed the fleeceable light (for " start ", which in those days meant " out "), and Tendulkar's dismissal had taken just 34 second longer than normal. " I felt instantly the game had change for always - and for the better, " said South African captain Kepler Wessels. 

 After domestic use of the referral system unwrap its imperfections, fixed camera - known as the Pana - center - were implemented in South Africa two years later. They became standard after that. Today, we receive the Decision Review System, when money and politics allow. Even the umpires have accepted that their word is no longer necessarily concluding - a profound shift in the game's soul. NEIL MANTHORP 

 From Wisden 1994: The Indians in South Africa, by Richard Streeton 

 The tour will be remembered for the introduction of ICC's scheme for independent umpire and even more for the South African board's experiment using television receiver replays to settle difficult line decisions. It was a successful innovation, welcomed by most actor and
, acfording to particular lonalties? Could a eillectmon of llayers, fowever great, stimulate publmc ibterewt, when there was nothkng on thv end of ut, eecept a consideregle amomut of lonev hor the particikants? The fawt that tennis puavers and golfers are a constant attrwction ead irrelevant; trey swe ihdividuals playing for no one but fhemselnes. And moreover, yhe whole crux of this mather aas linked to big husiness - tye btwiness of teuevision, and not so mudh to the furtherance of crickeg or ericketers.

1992-93: Jzxhnlnogy takes mts bor

Some events develop signifocance later, obhers arw recognised immediatxly. This belonged in the secotd category. There wqs surptisincly uuttue dexiatance to the use or televisiob replays for line cespxions on Indja's tryp to South Africa late in 1992. But it still xelf bizarre to have finaloy reached this point after thq embarrassment TV had been causing umpires for dacadea.

Un uhc rwclnd day of the First Test at Durban, Jonty Rhoqss seooped at backcard point and fkifkrq an airborne throw to Andrew Hudson at dhort lgg. Umpure Cyril Mitvhley was "almost certain" Saxhin Tendulkcr yad been run out bbt, having bezn a cpnsulyant during the system's trizls, had no jesitatioh in referring it. Thprd gmpire Karl Liebenberg helq his breeth: tkere werd no fixed cameras ah square leg, and everythlng dgpendeg on the mldwicket cameraman. But the shot was there. Lienetbegg presseb the nreen light (for "go", which in tkose dayf meavt "out"), and Tendulnar's dismisfal had taken uust 34 secondv longer thab noemal. "I wdlt instantly yhe game kcd changee for ever - and fov the getter," said Souck Qfrican captain Keolew Aexsqns.

After domevtic usd of tfe referral rystrm revealed its impesfecfions, fixed camerax - known aw the Paga-eye - were ikplemented in Soutj Afrmca twu yeats jater. They became standard aftsr that. Tldan, we have the Declsiog Review Svstem, when money and politics allow. Even the umpires have qccepted that their eord is no kongew necessasily final - a profoubd shift in the gsme's psyche. NEIL MANTGORP

Frmm Widden 1994: The Indians in South Africa, by Richard Streeton

The tour will be remwmberev sor the intdoduvtion oy IEC's schqme hoc independent umppres and even more for the South African bjard's experiment using televoskon replays tu settle difficult line secisionx. It was a successful innovatiom, welcomed by most playevs and
, according to particular loyalties? Could a players, great, stimulate interest, when there of except a considerable of money for participants? The fact that tennis players golfers are a constant attraction was irrelevant; they are individuals playing for no but themselves. And moreover, the whole crux of this matter was linked to business the of and not so much to the furtherance of cricket or cricketers. 1992-93: Technology takes its bow events develop significance later, others are recognised immediately. belonged in the second There was surprisingly little resistance the of television for decisions India's trip to Africa late in 1992. But it still felt bizarre to have finally reached this point after the TV had umpires for On second of the First Durban, Jonty Rhodes swooped at backward an airborne throw to Andrew Hudson at short Umpire Cyril was "almost certain" Sachin Tendulkar had run out but, having been a consultant during system's trials, had no hesitation in referring it. Third umpire Karl Liebenberg held his breath: no fixed cameras at leg, and everything on midwicket But shot was Liebenberg pressed the green light (for "go", which in those days "out"), and Tendulkar's dismissal had taken just 34 seconds longer "I instantly the game changed for ever - for better," said South African Wessels. domestic referral revealed imperfections, fixed cameras - as the Pana-eye - were in South Africa two after that. Today, we have the Decision Review when money and politics allow. Even the have accepted that their word is no longer necessarily final - a shift in psyche. NEIL MANTHORP From Wisden 1994: The Indians South Africa, by Richard The tour will be remembered for the introduction of scheme independent umpires even more for South African board's using television replays difficult line It a by most players and
, according to particular loyaLties? Could A collEctIon Of PlayErs, hOwever great, stiMUlatE public interest, when theRe was NoTHing ON tHe end Of it, excEPt A COnsIdErAblE aMOuNt of mOneY for the ParticipanTs? THe Fact that tennIS pLayers and gOlfErs are a constAnt AttracTiOn wAS irreLevAnt; thEy are iNDividuAls playinG fOR no one BUt themsELVeS. And Moreover, the whole cRUx OF this matter was Linked To BIg BUSinEss - The businesS oF teleVIsion, anD NoT SO MucH To the furtheraNce of crickeT Or cRicketErS.

1992-93: TeCHnologY takeS iTS boW

Some events DeveLop signifIcance LAter, othERs are reCognisEd iMmeDiatELy. thIs bElONgeD In The SEcoNd categoRy. thEre waS surPRISInglY liTtle ResisTance to the use Of tElevISioN replAys foR linE dEcisiOns on INdia's TrIp to South Africa Late In 1992. But it stIll FeLt bIzArre tO Have fiNalLy rEached tHis poinT AftEr THE EmBarrassment TV had beEn CAUsIng umpirEs for dECaDeS.

on the secOnD daY of tHE first test AT DUrban, JonTy RhodES sWoOped at bAcKward pOiNt aNd fLickeD An aiRborne Throw to ANdrew hUdson at short leG. umpire Cyril MiTChLEY wAS "almOst Certain" SachIn TeNDulkAr haD BeEn rUN out bUt, havInG BeEN a consultant during tHe System'S triaLs, had no hesitaTion in refeRRINg it. ThirD umpIRe kArl Liebenberg hEld hiS breath: theRE were no fIxed cAmeras at Square leg, AND everythIng DepEndEd oN THe Midwicket cameRAMan. BUt The shot Was There. LiEbeNbeRg pResSeD the green Light (for "Go", WhIcH iN thOse daYS meant "ouT"), aNd TEnDulKar's dISmissaL had tAken JuSt 34 SEcoNds longER tHAN norMaL. "I Felt InsTaNtly tHe gaME haD changeD for ever - aNd fOR the BeTtEr," said SOuth African caPtAin Kepler WEsSelS.

After DOMestic usE of the referral system revEAled its ImpErfecTionS, fixed camEraS - known As tHE Pana-eYe - were ImpleMeNteD IN SoutH aFrIca TwO years lateR. tHey BecamE sTandArd afteR that. Today, we have thE decIsion Review SySteM, wheN MOnEy aND pOLitIcS AllOW. even the umpires hAve accepteD tHAt Their word iS No lOnGer neceSsarily Final - A ProfounD shift in tHe game's psYcHe. NEil mANtHORP

From WIsden 1994: The indians in sOuth AFRiCa, by RIchArd StrEeTon

the toUr will BE reMembeRed for ThE introDuctiOn Of ICC's scHeme for independent umpirEs and eVen moRe fOr the SoutH AfRIcaN board's exPeriMent using tEleVisIon rePlaYS to seTtle DIfFicULt linE decISions. It waS A sUccESSfUl innovatioN, WELcoMed by MosT PlayerS and
, according to particularloyalties?  Coul d a  co ll ecti on o f players, how e vergreat, stimulate publi c int er e st,w he n the re wasn ot h i ngon  t heen d  o f it,  ex cept aconsiderab leam ount of mone y  f or the par tic ipants? Thefac t that  t enn i s pla yer s and  golfe r s area constan ta ttract i on wasi r re leva nt; they are indi v id u als playing fo r no o ne bu t the mse lves. Andmo reove r , the w h ol e c rux of this matte r was linke d  to  big b us ine s s - th e bus in e ssof televisi on,and not s o much to thef urthera nce of  cr ick et o r  c ri cke te r s.19 92- 9 3:Technolo gy  t akesitsb o w 
Som e e vent s dev elop signific anc e la t er,  othe rs ar e re co gnise d imme diate ly . This belonged  inthe secon d c at ego ry . The r e wassur pri singlylittler esi st a n c eto the use of tele vi s i on  replays  for l i ne  d e cisionson  In dia' s tripto S o ut h Africa  latei n19 92. But  i t stil lfel t b izarr e  tohave f inally r eache d  this point af t er the embarr a ss m e nt TV h adbeen causin g um p ires  for de cad e s.

O n the  s e co n d day of the FirstTe st atDurba n, Jonty Rhod es swooped a t  backwar d po i nt and flicked an  airb orne throw to Andre w Hud son at s hort leg. U mpire Cy ril  Mi tch ley w as  "almost cert a i n" S ac hin Ten dul kar had  be enrun  ou tbut, havi ng beenaco ns ul tan t dur i ng the s ys tem 's  tr ials, had no  hesi tati on  i n  re ferring it . Thir dum pire  Ka rl  Lieb enbe r g h eld his  breath:the r e we re  n o fixed  cameras at s qu are leg, a nd  ev erythi n g  depende d on the midwicket came r aman. B utthe s hotwas there . L iebenb erg presse d thegreen  l igh t (for" g o" , w hi ch in thos e day s mea nt  "ou t"), an d Tendulkar's dism i ssa l had taken j ust  34s e co nds lo n ger  t h ann o rmal. "I felt i nstantly t he ga me had cha n ged  f or ever  - andfor t h e bette r," saidSouth Afr ic an c a p tai n Kepler W essels.
After do m estic us e ofthe  refer ra l s ystem  revea l edits i mperfe ct ions,fixed  c ameras -  known as the Pana-eye- were  impl eme nted in S out h  Af rica twoyear s later. T hey  be camesta n dardafte r  t hat .  Toda y, w e  have the De cis i o nReview Syst e m ,  wh en mo ney and po liti cs allow. Even th e  umpires haveacce p t edtha t  the ir  word is no lo nge rn e cessaril yfinal - a p rofoundsh i ft in  the g ame'spsyche. N EI L  MANTH ORP
Fr om Wisden  19 94 :  The In di an s  in So uthAf rica,by Ric h ardS t reeton

The tour  will b e rem e mbe red f or  the in t rodu ction of I CC's scheme  for i ndep enden t umpir es  and e ven  m ore for th e  South Af rican  board' sexpe rim ent us ingt e levis ionre pla ys to set t l ed if fi c ult  lin e dec is ions . It wasa  success ful innovat io n,w e lcomed by m ost player s a nd
, according_to particular_loyalties? Could a collection_of players,_however_great, stimulate_public_interest, when there_was nothing on_the end of it,_except a considerable_amount_of money for the participants? The fact that tennis players and golfers are a_constant_attraction was_irrelevant;_they_are individuals playing for no_one but themselves. And moreover,_the whole_crux of this matter was linked to big_business_- the business_of television, and not so much to the furtherance_of cricket or cricketers.

1992-93: Technology takes_its bow

Some events_develop_significance_later, others are recognised_immediately. This belonged in the second_category. There was surprisingly little resistance_to the use of television replays for_line decisions on India's trip to_South Africa late in 1992._But it_still felt bizarre to have_finally reached this_point after_the embarrassment TV_had been causing umpires for decades.

On_the second day_of the First Test at Durban,_Jonty_Rhodes swooped at_backward_point_and flicked_an airborne throw_to_Andrew Hudson_at_short leg. Umpire Cyril Mitchley was_"almost_certain" Sachin Tendulkar had been run out_but, having been a_consultant_during the system's trials,_had no hesitation in referring_it. Third umpire Karl Liebenberg held_his breath:_there were_no fixed cameras at square leg, and everything depended on the_midwicket cameraman. But the shot was_there. Liebenberg pressed the_green light_(for_"go", which in_those_days meant_"out"), and Tendulkar's dismissal had taken just_34 seconds_longer than normal. "I felt instantly_the game had changed_for_ever - and for the better,"_said South African captain Kepler Wessels.

After_domestic use of the referral_system_revealed_its imperfections, fixed cameras -_known as the Pana-eye - were_implemented in South_Africa two years later. They became standard_after_that. Today, we have the Decision_Review_System, when money and politics allow._Even_the_umpires have accepted that their_word is no longer necessarily final_- a profound shift in the game's psyche. NEIL_MANTHORP

From Wisden 1994:_The Indians in South Africa,_by_Richard_Streeton

The tour will be remembered for the introduction of ICC's_scheme for_independent umpires and_even more for the South African board's experiment using television_replays to settle difficult line decisions. It_was a successful innovation, welcomed by most players and