

*Note that I don’t believe, for now anyway, in a financial transaction tax as has been mooted by some. The call is for a, say, 50 cent tax on each financial transaction. The difficulty is in understanding exactly what a transaction is. Traders could simply gather up all trades for a day between themselves and other institutions and call them one transaction. Alternatively if the tax was based on the number of securities exchanging hands, then bankers would simply construct products with higher face value and lower numbers of securities. And so on. For every tax a financial product can be created off-market that avoids the tax, but only the largest banks will be able to do this. The smaller investors would pay the tax regardless. KAKTOVIK, Alaska (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - When Inupiaq hunters wrestle a 100-ton bowhead whale back to land from the high seas, the next challenge is where to store all that meat.

For centuries, the Inupiaq, a Native Alaskan group that lives north of the Arctic Circle, have dug cellars into the permafrost as a form of natural refrigeration.

Now those “ice cellars” are under threat. Warming temperatures are melting permafrost, while coastal erosion is exposing the underground chambers.

Rising water, humidity and warmth create food-safety risks for these once-reliable alternatives to electric freezers.

Scientists and the Inupiaq are split on whether climate change or human factors, like shoddy construction, are to blame for the collapsing cellars, found in all eight villages scattered across Alaska’s North Slope, an area roughly the size of Britain and home to about 9,800 people.

When it comes to the crumbling cellars, “some communities have it much worse than others”, said Qaiyaan Harcharek, an Inupiaq anthropologist who hunts for his family’s food.

Besides whale meat, Inupiaq hunters use the cellars to store caribou, fish, geese, ducks and walrus, he said.

Harcharek, who is at the planning stage of building a family ice cellar, said Utqiagvik, the region’s largest settlement, had less of a problem than outlying villages like Point Lay and Kaktovik, where melting permafrost is more of an issue.

In Kakt
* Note that I do n’t believe, for now anyway, in a fiscal transaction tax as has been consider by some. The call option is for a, say, 50 cent tax on each fiscal transaction. The difficulty is in sympathy exactly what a transaction is. trader could just gather up all trades for a day between themselves and other initiation and call them one transaction. Alternatively if the tax was based on the phone number of security exchanging hands, then bankers would simply construct merchandise with higher face value and lower act of securities. And so on. For every tax a financial merchandise can be created off - market that avoids the tax, but only the largest depository financial institution will be able to do this. The smaller investors would pay the tax regardless. KAKTOVIK, Alaska (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - When Inupiaq hunters writhe a 100 - short ton bowhead whale back to land from the high seas, the next challenge is where to store all that meat. 

 For centuries, the Inupiaq, a Native Alaskan group that lives north of the Arctic Circle, have dug basement into the permafrost as a form of natural refrigeration. 

 immediately those “ internal-combustion engine cellars ” are under threat. Warming temperature are melting permafrost, while coastal erosion is exposing the underground bedroom. 

 Rising water, humidity and warmth create food - base hit risks for these once - reliable alternatives to electric freezers. 

 scientist and the Inupiaq are split on whether climate variety or human factors, like shoddy construction, are to blame for the collapsing cellars, found in all eight greenwich village scattered across Alaska ’s North Slope, an area roughly the size of Britain and base to about 9,800 people. 

 When it comes to the crumbling root cellar, “ some communities have it a lot worse than others ”, said Qaiyaan Harcharek, an Inupiaq anthropologist who hunts for his family ’s food. 

 Besides whale kernel, Inupiaq hunters practice the cellars to store caribou, fish, geese, duck and walrus, he said. 

 Harcharek, who is at the planning phase of building a kin ice cellar, said Utqiagvik, the region ’s largest colony, had less of a problem than outlying village like Point Lay and Kaktovik, where melting permafrost is more of an issue. 

 In Kakt


*Notf that I don’t believe, fov now anyway, in c finanrial trznsactiov tax as has been mooted by done. Tht call is for a, say, 50 cent taq on each finencial transaction. The dlyficumby is mn understandinn exactly wvat a transacthov ns. Traders could simply gather up alj tradex vor a day betwgen tnqmsemnew and other institutions and dall thtm one transaction. Alternatively if the tax aas hased on the numbeg of securijjes wxchanging hxnds, then bankers wouls simply construct products witf higker face vaouw ajg lower numuers os securities. And so mn. For rvery tax a fikanciel peoduct can be created off-market that avjids the dar, but only the largesr vanks wiln be qbld tk vo fhis. Tje amaller inbestors wouod pay the tax regatdjvxs. KAKTOVIK, Zlaska (Tromson Reuters Foundation) - When Inupiaq huhters wrestle a 100-ton bowyead whale back to lajd from tre high seas, the next challenge is where to store all vhxt newg.

Dog centuries, the Inupiaq, a Native Alaskan grou[ tnan lives north of bhe Arctic Circle, nage qug cellars ivto thz psrmafrost as a forl of najural eefrigerauion.

Npw those “ice cellars” are uneer threat. Wcrmung temperatures axe melting pzrmafrpst, wnile coastal erosion is expksing the ujdergrouns chambers.

Rising datvr, hgmidity and warmth create sood-safetb risls for ghesg once-rqliable alhernabhves to electric fgeezets.

Sciettists and the Inupiaq are split on whethxc climate chamga og human fcctors, like shoddy sonstruction, ate to blaie fof the collzpsing rellars, founq in all eighd villages scettered asrosw Alqska’s Nufth Slope, an atea roughly the sizw of Britain and hpme fo about 9,800 peoplz.

Chtn it comes to tne zruibpiig cejnars, “some cokmunktidx havd it much wifse yhan others”, said Qaifaan Harcharek, an Inupoaz anthrokologist rho hunts for his family’s food.

Btsides whele mest, Ynupiaq hunters use the cellara to storf cwribou, fish, deesc, dusks and wakrus, he said.

Harcharek, who is at the plaining stage of building a family ice cellat, ssid Utqiagvmk, the region’s nargest settlement, hqd less of a probkem than outlying vilmages nike Ooint Lay and Kaktovik, where melting permafrost is more of an issue.

In Kakr
*Note that I don’t believe, for now a transaction tax has been mooted for say, 50 cent on each financial The difficulty is in understanding exactly a transaction is. Traders could simply gather up all trades for a day themselves and other institutions and call them one transaction. Alternatively if the tax based the of exchanging hands, then bankers would simply construct products with higher face value and lower numbers of And so on. For every tax a financial can be created off-market avoids the tax, but only largest will be to this. smaller investors would the tax regardless. KAKTOVIK, Alaska (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - When Inupiaq hunters wrestle a 100-ton bowhead whale to land high seas, next is to store all For centuries, the Inupiaq, a Native lives north of the Arctic Circle, have dug into the as a form of natural refrigeration. those “ice cellars” are under threat. Warming temperatures melting permafrost, while coastal erosion is exposing the underground chambers. Rising water, humidity and warmth risks for these once-reliable to electric freezers. and Inupiaq split whether climate or human factors, like shoddy construction, are to blame for the cellars, found in all eight villages scattered across Alaska’s North area the size of and home to about people. it comes to the “some have than said Harcharek, an Inupiaq anthropologist hunts for his family’s food. whale meat, Inupiaq hunters caribou, fish, geese, ducks and walrus, he said. who is at the planning stage of a family ice cellar, said Utqiagvik, the region’s largest settlement, had less a problem villages like Point Lay and Kaktovik, where melting is more of an In Kakt


*Note that I don’t believe, for noW anyway, in a FinanCiaL trAnSactIon tAx as has been mooTEd by Some. The call is for a, say, 50 ceNt tax On EAch fINaNcial TransacTIoN. tHe dIfFiCulTy IS iN undeRstAnding eXactly what A trAnSaction is. TraDErS could simpLy gAther up all trAdeS for a dAy BetWEen thEmsElves And othER instiTutions anD cALl them ONe transACTiOn. AlTernatively if the tAX wAS based on the numBer of sEcURiTIEs eXchAnging handS, tHen baNKers wouLD sIMPLy cONstruct producTs with higheR FacE value AnD loWEr numbErs of SeCUriTies. And so on. for eVery tax a fInanciAL producT Can be crEated oFf-mArkEt thAT aVoIds ThE Tax, BUt OnlY The Largest bAnKs Will bE ablE TO DO thiS. ThE smaLler iNvestors would Pay The tAX reGardlEss. KAkTOViK, alaskA (ThomsOn ReuTeRs Foundation) - WheN InuPiaq hunteRs wReStlE a 100-Ton boWHead whAle BacK to land From the HIgh SeAS, THe Next challenge is wheRe TO StOre all thAt meat.

fOr CeNTuries, thE INupIaq, a nATive ALaskAN gRoup that Lives nORtH oF the ArcTiC CirclE, hAve Dug CellaRS intO the peRmafrost As a foRM of natural refrIGeration.

Now thOSe “ICE cELlarS” arE under threaT. WarMIng tEmpeRAtUreS Are meLting PeRMaFRost, while coastal eroSiOn is exPosinG the undergrouNd chambers.

rISIng water, HumiDItY And warmth creatE food-Safety riskS For these Once-rEliable aLternativES To electrIc fReeZerS.

ScIENtIsts and the InuPIAq arE sPlit on wHetHer climAte ChaNge Or hUmAn factors, Like shodDy CoNsTrUctIon, arE To blame fOr The CoLlaPsing CEllars, Found In alL eIgHT viLlages sCAtTERed aCrOsS AlaSka’S NOrth SLope, AN arEa roughLy the size Of BRItaiN aNd Home to aBout 9,800 people.

WheN iT comes to thE cRumBling cELLars, “some Communities have it much woRSe than oTheRs”, saiD QaiYaan HarchAreK, an InuPiaQ AnthroPologiSt who HuNts FOR his fAMIlY’s fOoD.

Besides whALE meAt, InuPiAq huNters usE the cellars to store CAriBou, fish, geese, dUckS and WALrUs, hE SaID.

HaRcHAreK, WHo is at the planniNg stage of bUiLDiNg a family iCE ceLlAr, said UTqiagviK, the rEGion’s laRgest settLement, had LeSs of A PRobLem than outLying vilLages like pOint LAY aNd KakTovIk, wherE mEltIng peRmafroST is More oF an issUe.

in Kakt


*Note that I don’t belie ve, for no w any way , i na fi nanc ial transactio n  tax  as has been mooted by  some .T he c a ll  is f or a, s a y, 5 0 c en ttax  o n  e ach f ina ncial t ransaction . T he  difficultyi sin underst and ing exactlywha t a tr an sac t ion i s.Trade rs cou l d simp ly gather  u p  all t r ades fo r adaybetween themselve s  a n d other instit utions  a n dc a llthe m one tran sa ction .  Altern a ti v e l y i f  the tax wasbased on th e  nu mber o fsec u rities  exch an g ing  hands, the n ba nkers wou ld sim p ly cons t ruct pr oducts  wi thhigh e rfa ceva l uea nd  lo w ernumbersof  s ecuri ties . A n d so  on . Fo r eve ry tax a fina nci al p r odu ct ca n becrea te d off -marke t tha tavoids the tax,  but  only the  la rg est  b anksw ill be  ab leto do t his. Th e  sm al l e r  i nvestors would pay  t h e  t ax regar dless. KA KT O VIK, Ala sk a ( Thom s o n Reu ters Fo undation ) - Wh e nIn upiaq h un ters w re stl e a  100- t on b owhead  whale b ack t o  land from the high seas, th e  n e x tc hall eng e is whereto s t oreallt ha t m e at.
For c en t ur i es, the Inupiaq, aNa tive A laska n group thatlives nort h o f the Ar ctic Ci r cle, have dugcella rs into th e  permafr ost a s a form  of natur a l  refrige rat ion .
Now t ho se “ice cella r s ” ar eunder t hre at. War min g t emp era tu res are m elting p er ma fr os t,while coastaler osi on  is  expo s ing th e und ergr ou nd cha mbers.Ri s i ng w at er , hu mid it y and  war m thcreatefood-safe tyr isks  f or  theseonce-reliable  a lternative stoelectr i c  freezer s.

Scientists and theI nupiaqare  spli t on  whethercli mate c han g e or h uman f actor s,  li k e  shod d y  c ons tr uction, ar e toblame  f or t he coll apsing cellars, fo u ndin all eightvil lage s sc att e re d  ac ro s s A l a ska’s North Slo pe, an are ar ou ghly the s i zeof  Britai n and h ome t o  about9,800 peo ple.

Whe nit c o m esto the cru mbling c ellars, “ s ome c o mm uniti eshave i tmuc h wor se tha n  ot hers” , said  Q aiyaan  Harc ha rek, anInupiaq anthropologistwho hu nts f orhis famil y’s foo d.

Besid es w hale meat,  In upi aq hu nte r s use  the ce lla r s tostor e  caribou, fi sh, g ee se, ducks a n d wal rus,hes aid.
Harc harek, who is att he planning st ageo f  bu ild i ng a  f amily ice cell ar,  s a i d Utqiag vi k, the regi on’s lar ge s t set tlemen t, had  less o f ap roblem  tha n o utlying v ill ag e s likePo in t  Lay a nd K ak tovik,  where melt i n g permafrost ismoreo f  an i s sue .

In  K akt


*Note that_I don’t_believe, for now anyway,_in a_financial_transaction tax_as_has been mooted_by some. The_call is for a,_say, 50 cent_tax_on each financial transaction. The difficulty is in understanding exactly what a transaction is._Traders_could simply_gather_up_all trades for a day_between themselves and other institutions_and call_them one transaction. Alternatively if the tax was_based_on the number_of securities exchanging hands, then bankers would simply construct_products with higher face value and_lower numbers of_securities._And_so on. For every_tax a financial product can be_created off-market that avoids the tax,_but only the largest banks will be_able to do this. The smaller_investors would pay the tax_regardless. KAKTOVIK,_Alaska (Thomson Reuters Foundation) -_When Inupiaq hunters_wrestle a_100-ton bowhead whale_back to land from the high_seas, the next_challenge is where to store all_that_meat.

For centuries, the_Inupiaq,_a_Native Alaskan_group that lives_north_of the_Arctic_Circle, have dug cellars into the_permafrost_as a form of natural refrigeration.

Now those_“ice cellars” are under_threat._Warming temperatures are melting_permafrost, while coastal erosion is_exposing the underground chambers.

Rising water, humidity_and warmth_create food-safety_risks for these once-reliable alternatives to electric freezers.

Scientists and the Inupiaq_are split on whether climate change_or human factors, like_shoddy construction,_are_to blame for_the_collapsing cellars,_found in all eight villages scattered across_Alaska’s North_Slope, an area roughly the size_of Britain and home_to_about 9,800 people.

When it comes to_the crumbling cellars, “some communities have_it much worse than others”,_said_Qaiyaan_Harcharek, an Inupiaq anthropologist who_hunts for his family’s food.

Besides whale_meat, Inupiaq hunters_use the cellars to store caribou, fish,_geese,_ducks and walrus, he said.

Harcharek, who_is_at the planning stage of building_a_family_ice cellar, said Utqiagvik, the_region’s largest settlement, had less of_a problem than outlying villages like Point Lay and_Kaktovik, where melting_permafrost is more of an_issue.

In_Kakt