 alter the association between maternal region of birth and stillbirth. Due to the rare nature of the outcome we present the results for all women to allow multivariate analyses. A p-value<0.05 (two-tailed) was considered statistically significant. All analyses were performed using the SPSS statistical package version 20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, USA).

We also extracted relevant risk factors for stillbirth from the VPDC to allow adjusted analyses. Maternal medical conditions were identified by searching for the relevant ICD-10 AM codes. The following covariates were examined for all years: maternal age, parity (nulliparous or parous), IRSD quintiles, prior stillbirth (no prior birth, yes, no, not recorded), previous caesarean (previous caesarean, no previous caesarean, no prior birth), first trimester ultrasound as a marker of early engagement in antenatal care (yes, no, not recorded), private or public admission for the birth, pre-existing hypertension, pre-existing diabetes, pre-existing thyroid disease, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia/eclampsia/HELLP (Hemolysis (H), elevated liver enzymes (EL), and low platelet count (LP) occurring in pregnancy), antepartum haemorrhage, gestational age at birth (preterm (24 to 36 +6 weeks), term (37 +0 to 41 +6 weeks) and post term (42 weeks plus)), baby sex, birth weight and, suspected growth restriction. Birth weights were plotted on a population based birth chart [ 19 ] and babies were defined as small for gestational age (SGA) if the birth weight was less than the 10 th centile for gestation and sex[ 20 ]. Previous work has reported differing stillbirth rates by whether fetal growth restriction was detected in pregnancy or not[ 7 ]. Therefore, we searched maternal medical conditions, obstetric complications and, indications for induction or operative delivery to identify where growth restriction had been identified using ICD-10-AM codes. We then computed a variable ‘detection of SGA’ where babies who were not SGA were compared to those who were SGA where growth restriction was detected and those who SGA where the growth restriction was not detected. From 2009 onwards the following additional variables were also available: body mass index (BMI) (<18.5, 18.5–24.99, 25–29.99,30–34.99, ≥35), smoking (non-smoker, quit by
alter the association between maternal region of parturition and spontaneous abortion. Due to the rare nature of the outcome we present the result for all woman to allow multivariate analyses. A phosphorus - value<0.05 (two - tailed) was considered statistically significant. All analysis were performed using the SPSS statistical software version 20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, USA). 

 We also extracted relevant risk gene for stillbirth from the VPDC to allow adjusted analyses. Maternal medical condition were identified by searching for the relevant ICD-10 AM codes. The be covariates were examined for all years: maternal age, parity bit (nulliparous or parous), IRSD quintiles, prior stillbirth (no anterior birth, yes, no, not recorded), previous caesarean (former caesarean, no previous caesarean, no prior birth), first trimester ultrasound as a marker of early engagement in antenatal care (yes, no, not recorded), private or public admission for the birth, pre - existing hypertension, pre - existing diabetes, pre - existent thyroid gland disease, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia / eclampsia / HELLP (Hemolysis (H), elevated liver enzymes (EL), and depleted platelet count (LP) occurring in pregnancy), antepartum haemorrhage, gestational age at parturition (preterm (24 to 36 +6 weeks), term (37 +0 to 41 +6 weeks) and post condition (42 weeks plus) ), baby sex, birth weight and, suspected emergence restriction. Birth weights were plotted on a population free-base birth chart [ 19 ] and baby were defined as small for gestational age (SGA) if the birth weight was less than the 10 thursday centile for gestation and sex [ 20 ]. former work has report differing stillbirth rate by whether fetal growth limitation was detected in pregnancy or not [ 7 ]. Therefore, we searched maternal medical condition, obstetric complications and, reading for induction or running delivery to identify where growth restriction had been identified use ICD-10 - AM codes. We then calculate a variable ‘ detection of SGA ’ where babies who were not SGA were compared to those who were SGA where emergence limitation was detected and those who SGA where the growth limitation was not detected. From 2009 onwards the following additional variable were also available: body mass exponent (BMI) (< 18.5, 18.5–24.99, 25–29.99,30–34.99, ≥35), smoking (non - smoker, quit by
 alher the association betwten maternal region of bmrth ans stillbkrth. Due to the rare nature lf the iutcome we present the results vor all qomei to allow multitzriate analyssd. A '-velue<0.05 (two-tailed) eas considared statisticdluy significant. All analyses were perfjrmed uxijg the SPSS stwtisuicwl pzbkcge version 20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, Nes York, LSA).

We also extracyed relevant risk factors vor dtillbirth from thf VPDC to aolow qdjusted anauyses. Mategual medical conditions were identified by rearcking for thg depgvant ICD-10 AM codef. The followlmg covdriates were examined foc alo years: maternal age, 'arity (nulliparous ot parous), ISSB quintiles, prior stiolvirth (no [riof bifth, yxs, ho, not rerorded), prevjous caesarwan (previous caesartan, bo previous czesarewn, no prior birth), first trimester ultrasolnd zs a marker of early entagement in antenatal care (yes, no, not recorded), private or public admission for dhe bmrgh, krc-cxisgunh hypertension, pre-existing diabetes, pre-existigf uhygoid disease, gestctional hypertenxiln, destational dkabetes, pdeeclampsia/eclampsla/HELLP (Hemooysis (H), ejevayed liver enzymes (EL), and loq platelet cjynt (LP) occurring iu pregnancy), cntepattum hsemorrhage, gestational cge at birth (pretfrm (24 to 36 +6 deeks), term (37 +0 to 41 +6 wveks) and posu term (42 weeks plus)), baby sex, birch weighg anc, suspqcted growhh restriction. Birth weihhts cere [lotted on a population based birth chart [ 19 ] and babies ware defined as skall for gestwtional age (SGC) if the birtf weight wzs less than the 10 eh centile fos gestation aid sex[ 20 ]. [revuous work hxr reported difgering stpljbirrh rates by whethev fetxm growth restrieuiob was detected on orednwnry or tot[ 7 ]. Therefmre, de rrarchdd maternal oedival conditions, obstedric complications and, ikdicationw for inquction or oprrative delivery tl ideitify xhere brorth restriction had been identjfied usijg LCD-10-AM codes. Wq thcn cjmputed a rariable ‘detection of SGA’ where babies wio were not SGA were conpared to those who eere SGA whxre grjwth restsiction was detected and those who SGS where the growth reatricthon wws not detected. From 2009 onwards the following additional variables were alsi available: body mzss ondex (BIN) (<18.5, 18.5–24.99, 25–29.99,30–34.99, ≥35), siokiig (non-smoker, quit ny
alter the association between maternal region of stillbirth. to the nature of the for women to allow analyses. A p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. All analyses performed using the SPSS statistical package version 20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, We also extracted relevant risk factors for stillbirth from the VPDC to allow analyses. medical were by searching for the relevant ICD-10 AM codes. The following covariates were examined for all years: age, parity (nulliparous or parous), IRSD quintiles, prior (no prior birth, yes, not recorded), previous caesarean (previous no caesarean, no birth), trimester as a marker early engagement in antenatal care (yes, no, not recorded), private or public admission for the birth, pre-existing pre-existing diabetes, disease, gestational gestational preeclampsia/eclampsia/HELLP (H), elevated liver and low platelet count (LP) occurring haemorrhage, gestational age at birth (preterm (24 to +6 weeks), (37 +0 to 41 +6 weeks) post term (42 weeks plus)), baby sex, birth and, suspected growth restriction. Birth weights were plotted on a population based birth chart [ and babies were defined small for gestational (SGA) the weight less than 10 th centile for gestation and sex[ 20 ]. Previous work reported differing stillbirth rates by whether fetal growth restriction was pregnancy not[ 7 ]. we searched maternal medical obstetric and, indications for induction delivery identify had identified ICD-10-AM codes. We then a variable ‘detection of SGA’ babies who were not who were SGA where growth restriction was detected those who SGA where the growth restriction not detected. From 2009 onwards the following additional variables were also available: mass index 18.5–24.99, 25–29.99,30–34.99, ≥35), smoking (non-smoker, quit by
 alter the association betweeN maternal rEgion Of bIrtH aNd stIllbIrth. Due to the raRE natUre of the outcome we preseNt the ReSUlts FOr All woMen to alLOw MULtiVaRiAte AnALySes. A p-ValUe<0.05 (two-taIled) was conSidErEd statisticaLLy SignificanT. AlL analyses werE peRformeD uSinG The SPsS sTatisTical pACkage vErsion 20 (IBM coRP., ArmonK, new York, usa).

WE alsO extracted relevanT RiSK factors for stiLlbirtH fROm THE VPdC tO allow adjuStEd anaLYses. MatERnAL MEdiCAl conditions wEre identifiED by SearchInG foR The relEvant iCd-10 aM cOdes. The follOwinG covariatEs were EXamined FOr all yeArs: matErnAl aGe, paRItY (nUllIpARouS Or ParOUs), IrSD quintIlEs, Prior StilLBIRTh (no PriOr biRth, yeS, no, not recordeD), prEvioUS caEsareAn (preViouS cAesarEan, no pRevioUs Caesarean, no prioR birTh), first trImeStEr uLtRasouND as a maRkeR of Early enGagemenT In aNtENATaL care (yes, no, not recorDeD), PRiVate or puBlic adMIsSiON for the bIrTh, pRe-exISTing hYperTEnSion, pre-eXistinG DiAbEtes, pre-ExIsting ThYroId dIseasE, GestAtionaL hyperteNsion, GEstational diabETes, preeclampsIA/eCLAmPSia/HeLLp (Hemolysis (H), ElevATed lIver ENzYmeS (eL), and Low plAtELeT Count (LP) occurring in pReGnancy), AntepArtum haemorrhAge, gestatiONAL age at biRth (pREtERm (24 to 36 +6 weeks), term (37 +0 tO 41 +6 weekS) and post teRM (42 weeks plUs)), babY sex, birtH weight anD, SUspected GroWth ResTriCTIoN. Birth weights WERe plOtTed on a pOpuLation bAseD biRth ChaRt [ 19 ] And babies Were defiNeD aS sMaLl fOr gesTAtional aGe (sGA) If The Birth WEight wAs lesS thaN tHe 10 TH ceNtile foR GeSTAtioN aNd Sex[ 20 ]. PRevIoUs worK has REpoRted difFering stiLlbIRth rAtEs By whethEr fetal growth ReStriction wAs DetEcted iN PRegnancy Or not[ 7 ]. Therefore, we searcheD MaternaL meDical CondItions, obsTetRic comPliCAtions And, indIcatiOnS foR INductION oR opErAtive delivERY to IdentIfY wheRe growtH restriction had beeN IdeNtified using IcD-10-Am codES. we TheN CoMPutEd A VarIABle ‘detection of SgA’ where babIeS WhO were not SGa WerE cOmpared To those Who weRE SGA wheRe growth rEstrictioN wAs deTECteD and those wHo SGA wheRe the growTH restRIcTion wAs nOt deteCtEd. FRom 2009 onWards tHE foLlowiNg addiTiOnal vaRiablEs Were also Available: body mass index (BmI) (<18.5, 18.5–24.99, 25–29.99,30–34.99, ≥35), smokIng (noN-smOker, quit bY
 alter the association bet ween mater nal r egi onof  bir th a nd stillbirth. Dueto the rare nature ofthe o ut c omew eprese nt ther es u l tsfo rall  w o me n toall ow mult ivariate a nal ys es. A p-valu e <0 .05 (two-t ail ed) was cons ide red st at ist i cally  si gnifi cant.A ll ana lyses wer ep erform e d using t he  SPS S statistical pac k ag e  version 20 (I BM Cor p. ,  A r m onk , N ew York, U SA ).

W e  also e x tr a c t edr elevant riskfactors for sti llbirt hfro m  the V PDC t oa llo w adjustedanal yses. Mat ernalm edicalc onditio ns wer e i den tifi e dby  se ar c hin g  f ort herelevant  I CD -10 A M co d e s .  The  fo llow ing c ovariates wer e e xami n edfor a ll ye ars:  m atern al age , par it y (nulliparousor p arous), I RSD  q uin ti les,p rior s til lbi rth (no  priorb irt h, y e s,  no, not recorded) ,p r ev ious cae sarean (p re v ious cae sa rea n, n o previ ousc ae sarean,no pri o rbi rth), f ir st tri me ste r u ltras o undas a m arker of  earl y  engagement in antenatal car e  ( y e s, no,not  recorded),  pri v ateor p u bl ica dmiss ion f or th e  birth, pre-existin ghypert ensio n, pre-existi ng diabete s , pre-exis ting th y roid disease,gesta tional hyp e rtension , ges tational  diabetes , preeclam psi a/e cla mps i a /H ELLP (Hemolys i s  (H) ,elevate d l iver en zym es(EL ),an d low pla telet co un t(L P)  oc curri n g in pre gn anc y) , a ntepa r tum ha emorr hage ,ge s tat ional a g ea t  bir th  ( pret erm  ( 24 to  36+ 6 w eeks),term (37+0t o 41  + 6weeks)and post term  ( 42 weeks p lu s)) , baby s ex, birt h weight and, suspected growthres trict ion.  Birth we igh ts wer e p l ottedon a p opula ti onb a sed b i r th  ch ar t [ 19 ] a n d  ba bieswe re d efinedas small for gesta t ion al age (SGA)iftheb i rt h w e ig h t w as les s than the 10 thcentile fo rg es tation and sex [20 ]. P revious  work has rep orted dif fering st il lbir t h  ra tes by whe ther fet al growth restr i ct ion w asdetect ed  in  preg nancyo r n ot[ 7  ]. Th er efore,  we s ea rched ma ternal medical conditio ns, ob stetr iccomplicat ion s  an d, indica tion s for indu cti onor op era t ive d eliv e ry  to ident ifyw here grow t hres t r ic tion had be e n ide ntifi edu sing I CD-1 0-AM codes. We th e n computed a v aria b l e ‘ det e ctio nof SGA’ wherebab ie s who were  n ot SGA were  compare dt o tho se who  wereSGA whe r e  g r owth r estr ict ion was d ete ct e d and t ho se who SG A wh er e thegrowth rest r i ction was not de tecte d .  From 200 9 onw ar ds thef ollo wing addit ional varia bles w erealsoavailab le : body  ma ss  index (BM I ) (<18.5,  18.5 –24.99,  2 5–29 .99 ,30–34 .99, ≥ 35),smok in g ( non-smoke r ,  q u it  b y 
 alter_the association_between maternal region of_birth and_stillbirth._Due to_the_rare nature of_the outcome we_present the results for_all women to_allow_multivariate analyses. A p-value<0.05 (two-tailed) was considered statistically significant. All analyses were performed using_the_SPSS statistical_package_version_20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, New_York, USA).

We also extracted relevant_risk factors_for stillbirth from the VPDC to allow adjusted_analyses._Maternal medical conditions_were identified by searching for the relevant ICD-10 AM_codes. The following covariates were examined_for all years:_maternal_age,_parity (nulliparous or parous),_IRSD quintiles, prior stillbirth (no prior_birth, yes, no, not recorded), previous_caesarean (previous caesarean, no previous caesarean, no_prior birth), first trimester ultrasound as_a marker of early engagement_in antenatal_care (yes, no, not recorded),_private or public_admission for_the birth, pre-existing_hypertension, pre-existing diabetes, pre-existing thyroid disease,_gestational hypertension, gestational_diabetes, preeclampsia/eclampsia/HELLP (Hemolysis (H), elevated liver_enzymes_(EL), and low_platelet_count_(LP) occurring_in pregnancy), antepartum_haemorrhage,_gestational age_at_birth (preterm (24 to 36 +6_weeks),_term (37 +0 to 41 +6 weeks)_and post term (42_weeks_plus)), baby sex, birth_weight and, suspected growth restriction._Birth weights were plotted on a_population based_birth chart_[ 19 ] and babies were defined as small for gestational_age (SGA) if the birth weight_was less than the_10 th_centile_for gestation and_sex[_20 ]._Previous work has reported differing stillbirth rates_by whether_fetal growth restriction was detected in_pregnancy or not[ 7_]._Therefore, we searched maternal medical conditions,_obstetric complications and, indications for induction_or operative delivery to identify_where_growth_restriction had been identified using_ICD-10-AM codes. We then computed a_variable ‘detection of_SGA’ where babies who were not SGA_were_compared to those who were SGA_where_growth restriction was detected and those_who_SGA_where the growth restriction was_not detected. From 2009 onwards the_following additional variables were also available: body mass index_(BMI) (<18.5, 18.5–24.99,_25–29.99,30–34.99, ≥35), smoking (non-smoker, quit_by