Maliki’s arrogance as US incompetence, helped create a fertile base for jihadist to recruit from.

However, it is very important to remember that the Iraqi invasion took place at a time when jihadism was on the march globally. Countries in the region that were not invaded by the US also witnessed an increase in jihadist activity post-2001. These include Yemen, Morocco, Jordan and others. Therefore, it is highly likely that Iraq would have experienced increased jihadist activity even without the 2003 invasion and especially since it already had al-Qaeda affiliates operating within it.

Furthermore, the Arab Spring affected practically every Arab country that was not a monarchy, with even Morocco and Algeria experiencing large scale protests. Iraq would almost certainly have been beset by mass protests and a brutal crackdown similar to what happened in Syria in the aftermath of the Arab Spring. This would have almost certainly created a vacuum which existing jihadist groups would have filled.

It is, therefore, important to acknowledge that whilst the invasion of Iraq did contribute towards creating an environment conducive to a jihadist insurgency, there were many other factors involved as well. The key factor, however, is the fact that since the mid-1990s Jihadism has spread across the world at an alarming rate.

Al-Qaeda began to seed jihadist factions, using its network of fighters in Afghanistan, across the Muslim world after the end of the Soviet occupation with a view to taking the fight to the West. A steady stream of deadly attacks on Western targets globally also began after this time. This included 1992 the bombing of the Gold Mohur Hotel in Yemen that was housing US troops, the 1993 World Trade Centre attacks, attacks on US embassies in Dar-es-Salaam and Nairobi in 1998, and the USS Cole bombing in 2000.

Today jihadism is truly global. Countries as diverse at the Maldives and Kosovo are contributing jihadist fighters to places such as Afghanistan, Somalia and Syria. Nigeria, a country that has had no western intervention since the end of the British occupation in 1960, is now experiencing a fully blown jihadist insurgency in Boko Haram, a group that has recently announced its allegiance to ISIS.

According to recent estimates, 60 per cent of ISIS in Iraq is now made up of foreign fighters. Al-Shabaab in Somalia, and al-Qaeda in Afghanistan and Yemen have also received a significant amount of foreign fighters in recent years.

Maliki ’s arrogance as US incompetence, helped create a fertile base for jihadist to recruit from. 

 However, it is very authoritative to commend that the Iraqi invasion took place at a time when jihadism was on the marching music globally. Countries in the region that were not invade by the US besides witnessed an increase in jihadist activity post-2001. These include Yemen, Morocco, Jordan and others. Therefore, it is highly probable that Iraq would have experienced increased jihadist activity even without the 2003 invasion and especially since it already experience al - Qaeda affiliates operating within it. 

 Furthermore, the Arab Spring affected much every Arab country that was not a monarchy, with even Morocco and Algeria experiencing large plate protests. Iraq would almost certainly have been beset by mass protest and a brutal crackdown similar to what happened in Syria in the aftermath of the Arab Spring. This would have almost surely created a vacuum which existing jihadist groups would have filled. 

 It is, therefore, authoritative to acknowledge that whilst the invasion of Iraq did contribute towards creating an environment conducive to a jihadist insurgency, there were many other factors involved as well. The key factor, however, is the fact that since the mid-1990s Jihadism has unfold across the world at an alarming rate. 

 Al - Qaeda begin to sow jihadist faction, using its network of champion in Afghanistan, across the Muslim world after the end of the Soviet occupation with a view to taking the battle to the West. A steady stream of deadly attacks on Western targets globally besides began after this time. This included 1992 the bombing of the Gold Mohur Hotel in Yemen that was housing US troops, the 1993 World Trade Centre attacks, attacks on US embassy in Dar - es - Salaam and Nairobi in 1998, and the USS Cole bombing in 2000. 

 Today jihadism is truly global. Countries as divers at the Maldives and Kosovo are contributing jihadist fighters to places such as Afghanistan, Somalia and Syria. Nigeria, a country that has had no western intervention since the end of the British occupation in 1960, is now feel a fully blow jihadist insurgency in Boko Haram, a group that has recently announced its commitment to ISIS. 

 According to recent estimates, 60 per cent of ISIS in Iraq is nowadays made up of extraneous fighters. Al - Shabaab in Somalia, and al - Qaeda in Afghanistan and Yemen have also received a significant amount of extraneous fighters in recent years.
Mallki’s arrogance as US incumpetence, helpeb creatx a ferfile basd for jihadist to recruit frlm.

Yowevtg, it is very importang to remelber thar tht Iraqi invasion vkok plagz at z timz xhen jihadism wss on the karch globally. Cuuutries in the region that were not igvaded ny the US also wytnexfed zn increase in jihadist activity pkst-2001. Theve include Yeken, Morocco, Jordan and othfrs. Hherefore, it is hihhly likely thae Iraq would fave experpznced increzsed jihadist activity even witfout che 2003 invasiin anf especially sincv it already msd al-Qdeda afgiliates operabing xithun it.

Furthermore, the Erab Spring affected practicanlv every Arab country rhqt wav nod a oinafchg, xitg even Mococco and Amgeria expeeiencing large scalt pwitests. Iraq wkuld ajmjst certainly have been beset by mass pgoteats and a brutal crackdiwn similar to what hwppened ig Syria in the aftermath of the Arab Spring. This fould favt qlmosg cfrtainly created a vacuum which existing jihaqjsu ggoups would have nilled.

It is, therefprf, oiportant to azknowlzsgs that whilst the lnvasiog of Uraq did sonttibute towards creating an wnvironment bondycive to a jihadisc insurgency, thete werr many other factors inrolved as well. Thf key facfur, however, is thd fscd that since the mid-1990s Jihaqism has wprecd acrosr thg world at an alagming rate.

Al-Qaeda began ho segd jihddist factlons, using its network of fightxcs in Afghanixtdn, dcross tke Muskim world aftqr the end of jhe Soviec occuoation witg a viex to taking ehe fight to dje West. A stxady strewm od deqdly atgxcks on Westerm targets globally qlso began after tmis tkje. This includeb 1992 the bombing of thd Gjlf Korgr Hotel in Femev tfst war housing UW tropps, the 1993 World Trade Cenfre attacks, attackx jn US emvassies yn Dar-es-Salaak and Nairobi in 1998, wnd tie USS Cole boibing in 2000.

Today jihadism is trumy global. Comntries as didersc at the Maldires and Kosovo are contributing jihadist fighters to placgs such as Afghanistau, Xomalia and Syriw. Nigeria, a country that has yad no western inuervention since the ens of tve Brltish occupation in 1960, is now experiencing a fully blown jihadist insurgenct in Boko Haram, a froul than hcs xecentlr anionnced its allegiamce to ISIS.

According to recent xstimates, 60 pzr cent of ISIS in Iraq is noe oade up of foteign fighters. Al-Shabaab ih Somalis, and al-Qaeda in Afghanistan anc Yemen have also receivcd a signuficaht amolht of foreign fightets in xecent years.

Maliki’s arrogance as US incompetence, helped create base jihadist to from. However, it that Iraqi invasion took at a time jihadism was on the march globally. in the region that were not invaded by the US also witnessed an in jihadist activity post-2001. These include Yemen, Morocco, Jordan and others. Therefore, it highly that would experienced increased jihadist activity even without the 2003 invasion and especially since it already had al-Qaeda operating within it. Furthermore, the Arab Spring affected every Arab country that not a monarchy, with even and experiencing large protests. would certainly have been by mass protests and a brutal crackdown similar to what happened in Syria in the aftermath of Arab Spring. have almost created vacuum existing jihadist groups filled. It is, therefore, important to the invasion of Iraq did contribute towards creating environment conducive a jihadist insurgency, there were many factors involved as well. The key factor, however, the fact that since the mid-1990s Jihadism has spread across the world at an alarming began to seed jihadist using its network fighters Afghanistan, the world after end of the Soviet occupation with a view to taking the to the West. A steady stream of deadly attacks on globally began after this This included 1992 the of Gold Mohur Hotel in was US World Centre attacks on US embassies Dar-es-Salaam and Nairobi in 1998, the USS Cole bombing truly global. Countries as diverse at the Maldives Kosovo are contributing jihadist fighters to places as Afghanistan, Somalia and Syria. Nigeria, a country that has had no intervention since of the British occupation in 1960, is now a fully blown jihadist in Boko Haram, a group that has recently announced allegiance ISIS. According recent estimates, 60 cent of ISIS Iraq is now of foreign Al-Shabaab Somalia, Afghanistan and Yemen have also received significant of foreign fighters in recent
Maliki’s arrogance as US incomPetence, helPed crEatE a fErTile Base For jihadist to rECruiT from.

However, it is very imPortaNt TO remEMbEr thaT the IraQI iNVAsiOn ToOk pLaCE aT a timE whEn jihadIsm was on thE maRcH globally. CouNTrIes in the reGioN that were not InvAded by ThE US ALso wiTneSsed aN increASe in jiHadist actIvITy post-2001. tHese incLUDe yemeN, Morocco, Jordan and OThERs. Therefore, it iS highlY lIKeLY ThaT IrAq would havE eXperiENced incREaSED JihADist activity eVen without tHE 2003 inVasion AnD esPEciallY sincE iT AlrEady had al-QaEda aFfiliates OperatINg withiN It.

FurthErmore, The araB SprINg AfFecTeD PraCTiCalLY evEry Arab cOuNtRy thaT was NOT A MonaRchY, witH even morocco and AlgEriA expERieNcing Large ScalE pRotesTs. Iraq Would AlMost certainly haVe beEn beset by MasS pRotEsTs and A Brutal CraCkdOwn simiLar to whAT haPpENED iN Syria in the aftermaTh OF ThE Arab SprIng. ThiS WoUlD Have almoSt CerTainLY CreatEd a vACuUm which eXistinG JiHaDist groUpS would HaVe fIllEd.

It iS, TherEfore, iMportant To ackNOwledge that whiLSt the invasion OF IRAQ dID conTriBute towards CreaTIng aN envIRoNmeNT condUcive To A JiHAdist insurgency, therE wEre manY otheR factors involVed as well. THE KEy factor, HoweVEr, IS the fact that siNce thE mid-1990s JihadISm has sprEad acRoss the wOrld at an aLARming ratE.

Al-qaeDa bEgaN TO sEed jihadist faCTIons, UsIng its nEtwOrk of fiGhtErs In AFghAnIstan, acroSs the MusLiM wOrLd AftEr the ENd of the SOvIet OcCupAtion WIth a viEw to tAkinG tHe FIghT to the WESt. a STeadY sTrEam oF deAdLy attAcks ON WeStern taRgets globAllY Also BeGaN after tHis time. This inClUded 1992 the bomBiNg oF the GoLD mohur HotEl in Yemen that was housing us troops, The 1993 world tradE Centre atTacKs, attaCks ON US embAssies In Dar-Es-salAAM and NAIRoBi iN 1998, aNd the USS CoLE BomBing iN 2000.

TOday JihadisM is truly global. CounTRieS as diverse at tHe MAldiVES aNd KOSoVO arE cONtrIBUting jihadist fiGhters to plAcES sUch as AfghaNIstAn, somalia And SyriA. NigeRIa, a counTry that haS had no wesTeRn inTERveNtion since The end of The BritisH OccupATiOn in 1960, iS noW experIeNciNg a fuLly bloWN jiHadisT insurGeNcy in BOko HaRaM, a group tHat has recently announced Its allEgianCe tO ISIS.

AccoRdiNG to Recent estImatEs, 60 per cent oF ISiS iN Iraq Is nOW made Up of FOrEigN FightErs. AL-shabaab in sOmAliA, ANd Al-Qaeda in AfGHANisTan anD YeMEn have Also Received a significANt amount of foreIgn fIGHteRs iN ReceNt Years.

Maliki’s arrogance as US i ncompetenc e, he lpe d c re atea fe rtile base for jiha dist to recruit from.
Howe ve r , it is  very  import a nt t o r em em ber  t h at  theIra qi inva sion tookpla ce  at a time w h en  jihadismwas  on the marc h g loball y.  Co u ntrie s i n the  regio n  thatwere notin v aded b y  the US a ls o wi tnessed an increa s ei n jihadist act ivitypo s t- 2 0 01.  Th ese includ eYemen ,  Morocc o ,J o r dan and others. T herefore, i t  is  highl ylik e ly tha t Ira qw oul d have expe rien ced incre ased j i hadista ctivity  evenwit hou t th e  2 00 3 i nv a sio n  a nde spe cially s in ce  it a lrea d y h ad a l-Q aeda  affi liates operat ing  wit h init.
Furth ermo re , the  ArabSprin gaffected practi call y every A rab  c oun tr y tha t  was n ota m onarchy , withe ven  M o r o cc o and Algeria expe ri e n ci ng large  scale pr ot e sts. Ira qwou ld a l m ost c erta i nl y have b een be s et  b y masspr otests  a nda b rutal crac kdownsimilarto wh a t happened inS yria in the a f te r m at h  ofthe  Arab Sprin g. T h is w ould ha vea lmost  cert ai n ly created a vacuum wh ic h exis tingjihadist grou ps would h a v e  filled. 

It is ,  therefore, im porta nt to ackn o wledge t hat w hilst th e invasio n of Iraqdid  co ntr ibu t e  t owards creati n g  anen vironme ntconduci vetoa j iha di st insurg ency, th er ewe re  ma ny ot h er facto rs  in vo lve d asw ell. T he ke y fa ct or ,  ho wever,i st h e fa ct  t hatsin ce  themid- 1 990 s Jihad ism has s pre a d ac ro ss  the wo rld at an ala rm ing rate.
A l-Q aeda b e g an to se ed jihadist factions, u s ing its  ne twork  offightersinAfghan ist a n, acr oss th e Mus li m w o r ld af t e rthe  e nd of theS o vie t occ up atio n witha view to taking t h e f ight to the W est . As t ea dys tr e amof dea d l y attacks on We stern targ et s  g lobally al s o b eg an afte r thistime. This in cluded 19 92 the bo mb ingo f  th e Gold Moh ur Hotel  in Yemen thatw as  hous ing  US tr oo ps,  the1993 W o rld  Trad e Cent re  attac ks, a tt acks onUS embassies in Dar-es- Salaam  andNai robi in 1 998 ,  an d the USS  Col e bombingin200 0.

T oda y  jiha dism is  tr u ly gl obal .  Countrie s  a s d i v er se at the M a l d ive s and  Ko s ovo ar e co ntributing jihadi s t fighters toplac e s  su cha s Af gh anistan, Somal iaan d Syria. N ig eria, a cou ntry tha th as ha d no w estern  interv e n ti o n sinc e th e e nd of the  Br it i sh occu pa ti o n in 1 960,  i s nowexperi e ncin g a fully blown ji hadis t insur g enc y inBo ko Hara m , agroup that  has recent ly ann ounc ed it s alleg ia nce to  IS IS .

Accordi n g to rece nt es timates ,60 p ercent o f IS I S  in I raqis  no w made up o ff or ei g n f ight ers.Al -Sha baab in S o malia, a nda l-Qaeda  i n A f g hanist a na n d Yemen ha vealsor e ceived a s i gnif i ca n t amo unt of  forei gn figh t ers  i n recen t y e a rs.

Maliki’s arrogance_as US_incompetence, helped create a_fertile base_for_jihadist to_recruit_from.

However, it is_very important to_remember that the Iraqi_invasion took place_at_a time when jihadism was on the march globally. Countries in the region that_were_not invaded_by_the_US also witnessed an increase_in jihadist activity post-2001. These_include Yemen,_Morocco, Jordan and others. Therefore, it is highly_likely_that Iraq would_have experienced increased jihadist activity even without the 2003_invasion and especially since it already_had al-Qaeda affiliates_operating_within_it.

Furthermore, the Arab Spring_affected practically every Arab country that_was not a monarchy, with even_Morocco and Algeria experiencing large scale protests._Iraq would almost certainly have been_beset by mass protests and_a brutal_crackdown similar to what happened_in Syria in_the aftermath_of the Arab_Spring. This would have almost certainly_created a vacuum_which existing jihadist groups would have_filled.

It_is, therefore, important_to_acknowledge_that whilst_the invasion of_Iraq_did contribute_towards_creating an environment conducive to a_jihadist_insurgency, there were many other factors involved_as well. The key_factor,_however, is the fact_that since the mid-1990s Jihadism_has spread across the world at_an alarming_rate.

Al-Qaeda began_to seed jihadist factions, using its network of fighters in Afghanistan,_across the Muslim world after the_end of the Soviet_occupation with_a_view to taking_the_fight to_the West. A steady stream of deadly_attacks on_Western targets globally also began after_this time. This included_1992_the bombing of the Gold Mohur_Hotel in Yemen that was housing_US troops, the 1993 World_Trade_Centre_attacks, attacks on US embassies_in Dar-es-Salaam and Nairobi in 1998,_and the USS_Cole bombing in 2000.

Today jihadism is truly_global._Countries as diverse at the Maldives_and_Kosovo are contributing jihadist fighters to_places_such_as Afghanistan, Somalia and Syria._Nigeria, a country that has had_no western intervention since the end of the British_occupation in 1960,_is now experiencing a fully_blown_jihadist_insurgency in Boko Haram, a group that has recently announced_its allegiance_to ISIS.

According to_recent estimates, 60 per cent of ISIS in Iraq is_now made up of foreign fighters. Al-Shabaab_in Somalia, and al-Qaeda in Afghanistan and Yemen have also received_a significant amount of foreign fighters in recent_years.
