 running about half what they were 1980. (See graph below.)

You also may have heard reports of sheep going blind in Chile because of the extra UV. It turned out to be a local infection rather than the additional UV radiation coming in through the ozone hole. Still, CFCs destroy ozone, which leads to more cancer and other problems. The science is pretty solid here.

In 1987, the Montreal Protocol began the phase-out of CFCs with a plan to move to less harmful refrigerants. In the early ’90s, CFCs were phased out and replaced with the HCFC R-22 in air conditioning systems. Its use was to be temporary, as the 1993 decision to move to more ozone-friendly refrigerants would end the use of new R-22 HVACR systems (the R is for refrigeration) at the end of 2009. The more benign HFC R-410A became the replacement, and it was set to become the only game in town for new systems manufactured starting in 2010.

A loophole the size of the ozone hole

The US EPA gave manufacturers and contractors some wiggle room, naturally. They couldn’t just tell the manufacturers they had to destroy all their unsold units in 2010. They also couldn’t just strand all the people out there who already had R-22 in their air conditioners. As a result, manufacturers could sell their stock of R-22 units until depleted, continue to make parts to maintain the existing systems, and keep making R-22 refrigerant until 2020.

If you go to the EPA’s website to read about the phase-out of R-22, you’ll find this statement: “[H]eating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) system manufacturers may not produce new air conditioners and heat pumps containing R-22.”

Do you see the loophole? As long as they ship the units “dry,” manufacturers concluded, they could continue to make and sell air conditioners and heat pumps designed to use R-22. Hence the term “dry-ship R-22 unit.” Rather than charging them with R-22 at the factory, they fill them with nitrogen and let the contractors add the R-22.

Clearly, this violates the intent of the regulation phasing out R-22 when these dry-ship R-22 units are used as new installs. There’s your loophole the size of the ozone hole.

running about half what they were 1980. (See graph below .) 

 You besides may have hear reports of sheep going blind in Chile because of the excess UV. It call on out to be a local infection rather than the extra ultraviolet radiation coming in through the ozone hole. Still, CFCs destroy ozone, which precede to more cancer and other problems. The skill is pretty solid here. 

 In 1987, the Montreal Protocol began the phase - out of CFCs with a plan to move to less harmful refrigerants. In the early ’ 90s, CFCs were phase out and replaced with the HCFC R-22 in air conditioning systems. Its manipulation was to be temporary, as the 1993 decision to move to more ozone - friendly refrigerants would end the function of new R-22 HVACR systems (the R is for refrigeration) at the end of 2009. The more benign HFC R-410A became the substitution, and it was set to become the only game in town for new system manufactured starting in 2010. 

 A loophole the size of the ozone hole 

 The US EPA gave manufacturers and contractors some wiggle room, naturally. They could n’t just tell the manufacturers they had to demolish all their unsold unit of measurement in 2010. They also could n’t barely strand all the people out there who already had R-22 in their air conditioner. As a result, manufacturers could sell their stock of R-22 whole until depleted, continue to make parts to maintain the exist systems, and keep making R-22 refrigerant until 2020. 

 If you go to the EPA ’s web site to read about the phase - out of R-22, you ’ll witness this instruction: “ [ H]eating, ventilation and air - conditioning (HVAC) system manufacturer may not produce new air conditioner and heat pumps containing R-22. ” 

 Do you see the loophole? equally long as they ship the units “ dry, ” manufacturers concluded, they could continue to do and sell air conditioners and hotness pumps design to use R-22. Hence the terminus “ dry - ship R-22 unit. ” quite than charging them with R-22 at the factory, they fill them with nitrogen and let the contractors add the R-22. 

 Clearly, this violates the intent of the regulation phase out R-22 when these dry - ship R-22 units are used as modern installs. There ’s your loophole the size of the ozone hole.
 rujning about half what thty were 1980. (See grapk below.)

Bou alsk may haxe heard reports of sheep gomng vlind in Chile because of tfe extra LV. It turbed iyt to be a local ikyectikk ratkec than the addijional UV ragiation coming iv chrough the ozone hole. Still, CFCs deftroy oaoje, which leads to kjre dancer and other problems. The sciehce is kretty solid here.

Im 1987, the Montreal Protocol bfgan the phase-out of CVCs with a kman ro move to ldss harmful refrigeranjs. In the early ’90s, CFCs were phasdd ouc and replaxee wljh the HCFC C-22 in apr conditionikb systams. Its use was to be tekpoeary, as the 1993 decision to move to more oeone-friendny refrigerants wouod end jhe uve ow ned R-22 HTACD systfms (the R is ror refrigeeation) at the end og 2009. Nne more benifn HFC R-410W became the replacement, and it was set to become the only game ib town for new systemd manufaceured starting in 2010.

A loophole the size of the ozona holx

Tfe BW EPA tage manufacturers and contractors some wiggle wkok, katurally. They cjuldn’t just tflk the manufactorers tksy had to destroy alp their unsood units yn 2010. Yhey also couldn’t just strabd all the pvoplw out there who alxeady had R-22 nn theor ait conditioners. As a resblt, mahufacturers could semu their stock of R-22 lnitv until depleted, continue eo make perts co maintxin jhe exifting systfms, akg keep making R-22 revrigetant uttil 2020.

If yok go to the EPA’s website to reav about the pnave-olt of R-22, yju’ll nind this stateient: “[H]eating, vgntilatiou and xir-conditikning (HTAC) system mwnufacturers kwy not produre new aiw cobdituoners xvd heat pumps vontaininy R-22.”

Do you see the loophple? Zs long as they shup the units “dru,” mxnusabtucers smncluded, thef cojld vontivue to make xnd xell air conditionerv ans heat pumps desigmeq to use R-22. Hence the term “dry-xhip R-22 unit.” Rather than cherging thgm with R-22 at the factory, they fjll them aitm nitrogen anq leb thg contractoxs add the R-22.

Clearly, this violates the invent of the regulation phasing out R-22 when jhexe dry-ship C-22 unitf are useg as new installs. Thwre’s your loopholt the size of the ozone hole.

running about half what they were 1980. below.) also may heard reports of because the extra UV. turned out to a local infection rather than the UV radiation coming in through the ozone hole. Still, CFCs destroy ozone, which to more cancer and other problems. The science is pretty solid here. In the Protocol the of CFCs with a plan to move to less harmful refrigerants. In the early ’90s, CFCs phased out and replaced with the HCFC R-22 air conditioning systems. Its was to be temporary, as 1993 to move more refrigerants end the use new R-22 HVACR systems (the R is for refrigeration) at the end of 2009. The more benign R-410A became and it set become only game in new systems manufactured starting in 2010. size of the ozone hole The US EPA manufacturers and some wiggle room, naturally. They couldn’t tell the manufacturers they had to destroy all unsold units in 2010. They also couldn’t just strand all the people out there who R-22 in their air As a result, could their of units until continue to make parts to maintain the existing systems, and keep R-22 refrigerant until 2020. If you go to the EPA’s read the phase-out of you’ll find this statement: ventilation air-conditioning (HVAC) system manufacturers produce air pumps R-22.” you see the loophole? long as they ship the “dry,” manufacturers concluded, they sell air conditioners and heat pumps designed to R-22. Hence the term “dry-ship R-22 unit.” than charging them with R-22 at the factory, they fill them with and let add the R-22. Clearly, this violates the intent the regulation phasing out when these dry-ship R-22 units are used as new There’s loophole the of the ozone
 running about half what they wEre 1980. (See grapH beloW.)

YoU alSo May hAve hEard reports of sHEep gOing blind in Chile becausE of thE eXTra Uv. it TurneD out to bE A lOCAl iNfEcTioN rAThEr thaN thE additiOnal UV radiAtiOn Coming in throUGh The ozone hoLe. STill, CFCs destRoy Ozone, wHiCh lEAds to MorE cancEr and oTHer proBlems. The sCiENce is pREtty solID HeRe.

In 1987, The Montreal ProtocOL bEGan the phase-out Of CFCs WiTH a PLAn tO moVe to less haRmFul reFRigeranTS. IN THE eaRLy ’90s, CFCs were phAsed out and rEPlaCed witH tHe HcfC R-22 in aIr conDiTIonIng systems. ITs usE was to be tEmporaRY, as the 1993 dECision tO move tO moRe oZone-FRiEnDly ReFRigERaNts WOulD end the uSe Of New R-22 HvACR SYSTEms (tHe R Is foR refrIgeration) at thE enD of 2009. THE moRe benIgn HFc R-410A bEcAme thE replaCemenT, aNd it was set to becOme tHe only gamE in ToWn fOr New sySTems maNufActUred staRting in 2010.

a LooPhOLE ThE size of the ozone holE

THE uS ePA gave mAnufacTUrErS And contrAcTorS somE WIggle Room, NAtUrally. ThEy coulDN’t JuSt tell tHe ManufaCtUreRs tHey haD To deStroy aLl their uNsold UNits in 2010. They also COuldn’t just strANd ALL tHE peoPle Out there who AlreADy haD R-22 in THeIr aIR condItionErS. as A Result, manufacturers CoUld selL theiR stock of R-22 unitS until deplETED, continuE to mAKe PArts to maintain The exIsting systEMs, and keeP makiNg R-22 refriGerant untIL 2020.

if you go tO thE EPa’s wEbsITE tO read about the PHAse-oUt Of R-22, you’lL fiNd this sTatEmeNt: “[H]EatInG, ventilatIon and aiR-cOnDiTiOniNg (HVAc) System maNuFacTuRerS may nOT produCe new Air cOnDiTIonErs and hEAt PUMps cOnTaIninG R-22.”

DO yOu see The lOOphOle? As loNg as they sHip THe unItS “dRy,” manufActurers conclUdEd, they coulD cOntInue to MAKe and selL air conditioners and heat PUmps desIgnEd to uSe R-22. HEnce the teRm “dRy-ship r-22 unIT.” RatheR than cHargiNg TheM WIth R-22 aT THe FacToRy, they fill THEm wIth niTrOgen And let tHe contractors add thE r-22.

ClEarly, this violAteS the INTeNt oF ThE RegUlATioN PHasing out R-22 when tHese dry-shiP R-22 UNiTs are used aS New InStalls. THere’s yoUr looPHole the Size of the Ozone hole.

 running about half what t hey were 1 980.(Se e g ra ph b elow .)

You also m a y ha ve heard reports of sh eep g oi n g bl i nd  in C hile be c au s e  of  t he  ex tr a  U V. It  tu rned ou t to be aloc al  infection r a th er than th e a dditional UV  ra diatio ncom i ng in  th rough  the o z one ho le. Still ,C FCs de s troy oz o n e,  whi ch leads to morec an c er and other p roblem s. Th e sci enc e is prett ysolid here.
I n1 9 8 7,t he Montreal P rotocol beg a n t he pha se -ou t  of CF Cs wi th a p lan to move  toless harm ful re f rigeran t s. In t he ear ly’90 s, C F Cs  w ere  p h ase d  o uta ndreplaced  w it h the  HCF C R - 22 i n a ir c ondit ioning system s.Itsu sewas t o betemp or ary,as the  1993  d ecision to move  tomore ozon e-f ri end ly  refr i gerant s w oul d end t he useo f n ew R - 22  HVACR systems (th eR is  for ref rigera t io n) at the e nd  of  200 9 .  Themore be nign HFC  R-410 A  b ec ame the  r eplace me nt,  an d itw as s et tobecome t he on l y game in town for new syste m sm a nu f actu red  starting i n 20 1 0.
A lo o ph ole the s ize o ft he ozone hole

The USEP A gave  manu facturers and  contracto r s some wig gler oo m , naturally. T hey c ouldn’t ju s t tell t he ma nufactur ers theyh a d to des tro y a llthe i r  u nsold units i n 2010 .They al socouldn’ t j ust  st ran dall the p eople ou tth er ewho  alre a dy had R -2 2 i nthe ir ai r  condi tione rs.As  a res ult, ma n uf a c ture rs  c ould  se ll  thei r st o ckof R-22  units un til depl et ed , conti nue to make p ar ts to main ta inthe ex i s ting sys tems, and keep making R - 22 refr ige rantunti l 2020.
Ifyou go  to the EP A’s we bsite  t o r e a d abo u t  t heph ase-out of R -22 , you ’l l fi nd this  statement: “[H]ea t ing , ventilation  an d ai r - co ndi t io n ing  ( H VAC ) system manufact urers mayno t  p roduce new air  c onditio ners an d hea t  pumpscontainin g R-22.”
D o yo u see  the looph ole? Aslong as t h ey sh i pthe u nit s “dry ,”  ma nufac turers con clude d, the ycouldconti nu e to mak e and sell air conditio ners a nd he atpumps des ign e d t o use R-2 2. H ence the t erm  “d ry-sh ipR -22 u nit. ”  R ath e r tha n ch a rging the m  w ith R -2 2 at the fa c t o ry,  they  fi l l them  wit h nitrogen and le t  the contracto rs a d d  th e R - 22.
C learly, this v iol at e s  the int en t of the re gulation  p h asing  out R -22 wh en thes e dr y -shipR-22  un its are u sed  a s  new in st al l s. The re’s  y our lo ophole thes i ze of the ozonehole. 
 running_about half_what they were 1980._(See graph_below.)

You_also may_have_heard reports of_sheep going blind_in Chile because of_the extra UV._It_turned out to be a local infection rather than the additional UV radiation coming_in_through the_ozone_hole._Still, CFCs destroy ozone, which_leads to more cancer and_other problems._The science is pretty solid here.

In 1987, the_Montreal_Protocol began the_phase-out of CFCs with a plan to move to_less harmful refrigerants. In the early_’90s, CFCs were_phased_out_and replaced with the_HCFC R-22 in air conditioning systems._Its use was to be temporary,_as the 1993 decision to move to_more ozone-friendly refrigerants would end the_use of new R-22 HVACR_systems (the_R is for refrigeration) at_the end of_2009. The_more benign HFC_R-410A became the replacement, and it_was set to_become the only game in town_for_new systems manufactured_starting_in_2010.

A loophole_the size of_the_ozone hole

The_US_EPA gave manufacturers and contractors some_wiggle_room, naturally. They couldn’t just tell the_manufacturers they had to_destroy_all their unsold units_in 2010. They also couldn’t_just strand all the people out_there who_already had_R-22 in their air conditioners. As a result, manufacturers could sell_their stock of R-22 units until_depleted, continue to make_parts to_maintain_the existing systems,_and_keep making_R-22 refrigerant until 2020.

If you go to_the EPA’s_website to read about the phase-out_of R-22, you’ll find_this_statement: “[H]eating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC)_system manufacturers may not produce new_air conditioners and heat pumps_containing_R-22.”

Do_you see the loophole? As_long as they ship the units_“dry,” manufacturers concluded,_they could continue to make and sell_air_conditioners and heat pumps designed to_use_R-22. Hence the term “dry-ship R-22_unit.”_Rather_than charging them with R-22_at the factory, they fill them_with nitrogen and let the contractors add the R-22.

Clearly,_this violates the_intent of the regulation phasing_out_R-22_when these dry-ship R-22 units are used as new installs._There’s your_loophole the size_of the ozone hole.
