 mental and material would seem to provide examples of the second stage. Only with the fully lucid dream does the dreamer arrive at the third stage of conceptual clarity: realizing that the experience is entirely mental and clearly distinguishing the dream from the physical world. In support of the notion that OBEs are generally the result of a misinterpreted dream experiences, let me offer a personal observation. In about 1% of the approximately 800 lucid dreams in my record, I felt I was in some sense 'out- of-my-body.' In every case, when examining the experience after awakening, I noted some deficiency in either my memory or critical thinking during the experience. In one such situation, I tried to memorize the serial number of a dollar bill to verify later whether I had really been out of my body or not. When I awoke, I couldn't recall the number, but it hardly mattered. I now remembered that I hadn't lived in the house I thought I was asleep in for several years. In another instance, I was floating near the ceiling of my living room "looking at some photos on top of a cabinet that I knew I hadn't seen before, given by habitual confinement to walking on the floor rather than the ceiling! My hopes of verifying this paranormally gained information evaporated in a flash when I remembered upon awakening that I hadn't lived in this house for more than 20 years! In contrast, during most of my lucid dreams I can remember where I am sleeping (if it matters) and usually have as accurate a notion of the date as I normally have while awake. Frequently, I know what time it is within a few minutes. From this I suggest that imperfect brain function during REM sleep may at times give rise to incomplete lucidity during dreaming. This state is characterized by partial amnesia, inadequate reality testing, and interpreting the experience as being out-of-body rather than dreaming. All in all, the quality of reasoning during OBEs seems to me to closely resemble Nietzsche's description of the reasoning typical of primitive humanity and also of dreamers today: "the first causa which occurred to the mind to explain anything that required an explanation was sufficient and stood for truth." [10] This pre-critical stage of mind is also typical of the explanations many pre-lucid dreamers accept as proof that they are not dreaming. I believe a similarly stage of mind characterizes the reasoning whereby people convince themselves that they really are "out-of- body." In fairness, it should be
mental and material would seem to provide exemplar of the second stagecoach. Only with the fully lucid pipe dream does the dreamer arrive at the third stage of conceptual clarity: gain that the experience is wholly mental and clearly distinguishing the dream from the physical worldly concern. In support of the notion that OBEs are broadly the resultant role of a misinterpreted dream experiences, let me offer a personal notice. In about 1% of the approximately 800 lucid dreams in my record, I felt I was in some common sense' out- of - my - body.' In every case, when examining the experience after awakening, I noted some deficiency in either my memory or critical thinking during the experience. In one such site, I tried to memorize the serial number of a dollar bill to verify subsequently whether I had really been out of my body or not. When I awoke, I couldn't recall the number, but it hardly mattered. I now remembered that I hadn't lived in the house I thought I was asleep in for several years. In another instance, I was floating near the ceiling of my living room " look at some photos on top of a cabinet that I sleep together I hadn't see before, given by habitual parturiency to walking on the floor rather than the ceiling! My hopes of verifying this paranormally gain information evaporated in a flash when I remembered upon awakening that I hadn't lived in this sign of the zodiac for more than 20 years! In contrast, during most of my lucid dreams I can remember where I am sleep (if it matters) and normally accept as accurate a notion of the date as I normally have while awake. Frequently, I acknowledge what time it is within a few minutes. From this I suggest that fallible brain routine during REM sleep may at time give rise to incomplete lucidity during dreaming. This state is qualify by partial amnesia, inadequate world testing, and interpreting the experience as being out - of - soundbox rather than dreaming. wholly in all, the quality of reasoning during OBEs seems to me to closely resemble Nietzsche's description of the reasoning typical of primitive humanity and also of dreamers today: " the first causa which occurred to the mind to excuse anything that required an explanation was sufficient and stood for accuracy. " [ 10 ] This pre - critical stage of mind is also distinctive of the explanations many pre - lucid dreamers accept as proof that they are not dreaming. I believe a similarly stage of mind characterizes the reasoning whereby people convert themselves that they really are " out - of- body. " In paleness, it should be
 mejtal and material would reem to provide examplxs of tge secona stage. Only with the fully puxid deeam does the dreamer xrrive at the thied suage of conceptual claritn: reamlzing vhat the experignce is entisely mental ang zlzarly distinguishing the dream from ehe phyxifal world. In sopporu os ths notion that OBEs are generally tge resunt of a misinyerpreted dream experienced, leh me offer a persojal observajjon. Un about 1% of the approqnmately 800 ludid dreams in my record, I felt K was in some sguwe 'lot- of-my-body.' Mn evegy case, when cqamininc the ecperience aftev awanenung, I noted some defiriency in either my iemory or cxitical thinking duribg the gxperhencd. In ont snch situahioi, I tried tk memorize rhe serial number og w dollar bill fo veryfr later whether I had really been out ox mg body or not. When I awike, I couldn't recall jhe number, but it hardly mattered. I now remembered that I hddn't mkveb in tfw jouse I thought I was asleep in for several yqzrx. Pn another instange, I was floating mewr jhe ceiling of my lirjnf room "looking at dome phjtos in top of a csbinet that I knew I hadn't ween before, yivwn by habitual conyinement to calkinb on yhe floor rather than tke ceiming! My hopfs of verjwying this paranurmslny gained information evapjrated in a fkash whdn I rememfered upon awakcting that I hadn't pived it this houde for more than 20 years! In contcest, during moxt of my lucib dreaks I can remeiber where I ak sleepnng (if it mattera) and uvually have as accurate d notion of tie date af I bormqlly haxd while awake. Grequentlj, N know whqt time it is withln a wsw minutes. From thus I suggest thst kmpqrvert brwhn function gurivg FRM sldep may at bimds gove rise to incomplede lhcidity during dresmlng. This wtate is characterizec by partial amnesla, inedequave reakiti testing, and interpreting the sxperiencf af being out-os-bodn rajher than dxeaming. All in all, the quality of reasonmng during OBEs seems jo me to closely reseknle Nietzschx's dessription mf the reasoning typucal of primitive humanity and also of dreamars tlday: "the first causa which occurred to the mind to explain anything that eequirxd an explanafion was vuyfieient agd svoud for truth." [10] Thps pre-critical stage of mind is elso typicdl of the explanations many prr-ljcid dreamers accept as proof that thsy are npt dreaming. I believe a similarky stage of mind charactcrizes thw reaaoning wheceby people convince themszlves rhat thwy rcally are "out-ow- bpdn." In fairnfss, mt ahould be
mental and material would seem to provide the stage. Only the fully lucid at third stage of clarity: realizing that experience is entirely mental and clearly the dream from the physical world. In support of the notion that OBEs generally the result of a misinterpreted dream experiences, let me offer a personal In 1% the 800 lucid dreams in my record, I felt I was in some sense 'out- of-my-body.' In case, when examining the experience after awakening, I some deficiency in either memory or critical thinking during experience. one such I to the serial number a dollar bill to verify later whether I had really been out of my body or not. I awoke, recall the but hardly I now remembered hadn't lived in the house I asleep in for several years. In another instance, was floating the ceiling of my living room at some photos on top of a cabinet I knew I hadn't seen before, given by habitual confinement to walking on the floor the ceiling! My hopes verifying this paranormally information in flash I remembered awakening that I hadn't lived in this house for more than years! In contrast, during most of my lucid dreams I where am sleeping (if matters) and usually have accurate notion of the date normally while know time is within a few From this I suggest that brain function during REM rise to incomplete lucidity during dreaming. This state characterized by partial amnesia, inadequate reality testing, interpreting the experience as being out-of-body rather than dreaming. All in all, quality of OBEs seems to me to closely resemble Nietzsche's of the reasoning typical primitive humanity and also of dreamers today: "the first which to the to explain anything required an explanation sufficient and stood [10] This stage mind of the explanations many pre-lucid dreamers as that they are not dreaming. believe stage of mind characterizes the reasoning whereby people convince themselves that they really are "out-of- fairness, it should be
 mental and material would seeM to provide ExampLes Of tHe SecoNd stAge. Only with the FUlly Lucid dream does the dreamEr arrIvE At thE ThIrd stAge of coNCePTUal ClArIty: ReALiZing tHat The expeRience is enTirElY mental and clEArLy distinguIshIng the dream fRom The phySiCal WOrld. IN suPport Of the nOTion thAt OBEs are GeNErally THe resulT OF a MisiNterpreted dream exPErIEnces, let me offeR a persOnAL oBSErvAtiOn. In about 1% oF tHe appROximateLY 800 lUCID drEAms in my record, i felt I was in SOme Sense 'oUt- Of-mY-Body.' In Every CaSE, whEn examining The eXperience After aWAkening, i Noted soMe defiCieNcy In eiTHeR mY meMoRY or CRiTicAL thInking duRiNg The exPeriENCE. in onE suCh siTuatiOn, I tried to memOriZe thE SerIal nuMber oF a doLlAr bilL to verIfy laTeR whether I had reaLly bEen out of mY boDy Or nOt. when I AWoke, I cOulDn't Recall tHe numbeR, But It HARDlY mattered. I now rememBeRED tHat I hadn'T lived IN tHe HOuse I thoUgHt I Was aSLEep in For sEVeRal years. in anotHEr InStance, I WaS floatInG neAr tHe ceiLIng oF my livIng room "lOokinG At some photos on TOp of a cabinet tHAt i KNeW i hadN't sEen before, giVen bY HabiTual COnFinEMent tO walkInG On THe floor rather than thE cEiling! my hopEs of verifying This paranoRMALly gaineD infORmATion evaporated In a flAsh when I reMEmbered uPon awAkening tHat I hadn't LIVed in thiS hoUse For MorE THaN 20 years! In contrAST, durInG most of My lUcid dreAms i caN reMemBeR where I am Sleeping (If It MaTtErs) And usUAlly have As AccUrAte A notiON of the Date aS I noRmAlLY haVe while AWaKE. freqUeNtLy, I kNow WhAt timE it iS WitHin a few Minutes. FrOm tHIs I sUgGeSt that iMperfect brain FuNction duriNg rEM Sleep mAY At times gIve rise to incomplete luciDIty duriNg dReamiNg. ThIs state is ChaRacterIzeD By partIal amnEsia, iNaDeqUATe reaLITy TesTiNg, and interPREtiNg the ExPeriEnce as bEing out-of-body ratheR ThaN dreaming. All iN alL, the QUAlIty OF rEAsoNiNG duRINg OBEs seems to me To closely rEsEMbLe NietzschE'S deScRiption Of the reAsoniNG typicaL of primitIve humaniTy And aLSO of Dreamers toDay: "the fiRst causa wHIch ocCUrRed to The Mind to ExPlaIn anyThing tHAt rEquirEd an exPlAnatioN was sUfFicient aNd stood for truth." [10] This pre-cRiticaL stagE of Mind is alsO tyPIcaL of the expLanaTions many pRe-lUciD dreaMerS AccepT as pROoF thAT they Are nOT dreaming. i BeLieVE A sImilarly staGE OF miNd chaRacTErizes The rEasoning whereby peOPle convince theMselVES thAt tHEy reAlLy are "out-of- body." in fAiRNEss, it shoUlD be
 mental and material would  seem to p rovid e e xam pl es o f th e second stage .  Onl y with the fully lucid  drea md oest he  drea mer arr i ve a t t he  t hir ds ta ge of  co nceptua l clarity:  re al izing that t h eexperience  is  entirely me nta l andcl ear l y dis tin guish ing th e  dream  from the  p h ysical world.I n  s uppo rt of the notiont ha t  OBEs are gene rallyth e  r e s ult  of  a misinte rp reted dream e x pe r i e nce s , let me offe r a persona l  ob servat io n.I n abou t 1%of the  approximat ely800 lucid  dream s  in myr ecord,I felt  Iwas  ins om esen se 'ou t -of- m y-b ody.' In  e ve ry ca se,w h e n  exa min ingthe e xperience aft erawak e nin g, Inoted  som edefic iencyin ei th er my memory or  cri tical thi nki ng  du ri ng th e  exper ien ce.  In one  such s i tua ti o n ,  I  tried to memorize  t h e  s erial nu mber o f  a  d o llar bil ltoveri f y  late r wh e th er I had  reall y  b ee n out o fmy bod yornot . Whe n  I a woke,I couldn 't re c all the number ,  but it hardl y  m a t te r ed.I n ow remember ed t h at I  had n 't  li v ed in  theho u se I thought I was asl ee p in f or se veral years.In another i n stance,I wa s  f l oating near th e cei ling of my living r oom " lookingat some p h o tos on t opofa c abi n e tthat I knew I h adn' tseen be for e, give n b y h abi tua lconfineme nt to wa lk in gon  th e flo o r rather  t han  t heceili n g! Myhopes  ofve ri f yin g thisp ar a n orma ll ygain edin forma tion eva porated  in a fla shw henIre membere d upon awaken in g that I h ad n't  lived i n this h ouse for more than 20 y e ars! In  co ntras t, d uring mos t o f my l uci d  dream s I ca n rem em ber w hereI am  sl ee ping (if i t mat ters)  a nd u suallyhave as accurate a not ion of the da teas I n or mal l yh ave  w h ile a wake. Frequentl y, I knowwh a ttime it is wit hi n a few  minute s. Fr o m thisI suggest  that imp er fect b rai n function  duringREM sleep may a t  t imesgiv e rise  t o i ncomp lete l u cid ity d uringdr eaming . Thi sstate is  characterized by parti al amn esia,  in adequaterea l ity  testing,  and  interpret ing  th e exp eri e nce a s be i ng  ou t -of-b odyr ather tha n  d rea m i ng . All in al l , the  qual ity of rea soni ng during OBEs se e ms to me to cl osel y res emb l e Ni et zsche's descri pti on o f the re as oning typic al of pr im i tivehumani ty and  also o f dr e amerstoda y:"the firs t c au s a which  o cc u rred t o th emind t o expl a in a n y thing that requi red a n expla n ati on wa ssuffici e nt a nd stood f or truth."[10] T hispre-c ritical  s tage o f m in d is alsot ypical of  theexplana ti onsman y pre- luci d dream ersac cep t as proo f th a tth e y a re n ot dr ea ming . I belie v e a simi lar l y stage  o f m i n d char a ct e r izes the r eas oning w hereby peo p le c o nv i nce t hemsel ves th at they rea ll y are " out - o f- body."  In fairn e ss,  i t sh ould be
 mental_and material_would seem to provide_examples of_the_second stage._Only_with the fully_lucid dream does_the dreamer arrive at_the third stage_of_conceptual clarity: realizing that the experience is entirely mental and clearly distinguishing the dream_from_the physical_world._In_support of the notion that_OBEs are generally the result_of a_misinterpreted dream experiences, let me offer a personal_observation._In about 1%_of the approximately 800 lucid dreams in my record,_I felt I was in some_sense 'out- of-my-body.'_In_every_case, when examining the_experience after awakening, I noted some_deficiency in either my memory or_critical thinking during the experience. In one_such situation, I tried to memorize_the serial number of a_dollar bill_to verify later whether I_had really been_out of_my body or_not. When I awoke, I couldn't_recall the number,_but it hardly mattered. I now_remembered_that I hadn't_lived_in_the house_I thought I_was_asleep in_for_several years. In another instance, I_was_floating near the ceiling of my living_room "looking at some_photos_on top of a_cabinet that I knew I_hadn't seen before, given by habitual_confinement to_walking on_the floor rather than the ceiling! My hopes of verifying this_paranormally gained information evaporated in a_flash when I remembered_upon awakening_that_I hadn't lived_in_this house_for more than 20 years! In contrast,_during most_of my lucid dreams I can_remember where I am_sleeping_(if it matters) and usually have_as accurate a notion of the_date as I normally have_while_awake._Frequently, I know what time_it is within a few minutes._From this I_suggest that imperfect brain function during REM_sleep_may at times give rise to_incomplete_lucidity during dreaming. This state is_characterized_by_partial amnesia, inadequate reality testing,_and interpreting the experience as being_out-of-body rather than dreaming. All in all, the quality_of reasoning during_OBEs seems to me to_closely_resemble_Nietzsche's description of the reasoning typical of primitive humanity and_also of_dreamers today: "the_first causa which occurred to the mind to explain anything_that required an explanation was sufficient and_stood for truth." [10] This pre-critical stage of mind is also_typical of the explanations many pre-lucid dreamers accept_as proof that they are not dreaming._I believe a similarly_stage_of mind characterizes the reasoning whereby people_convince_themselves_that_they really are_"out-of- body." In_fairness, it should_be