     into the opinions of Government _employés_—Disfavour of the
     Constitutionalists—The Pope's edict and second amnesty—He
     returns to his capital, April, 1850—Bitter disappointment
     of the Romans—Count Cavour's appeal to the Congress of
     Paris on their behalf—The Papal progress in 1857—Public
     feeling at the opening of 1859—Excitement in the Pontifical
     States at the outbreak of the war—The Austrians evacuate
     Bologna—Establishment of a Provisional Government—The
     revolt spreads through the Legations—Ancona loses the
     favourable moment—Declares itself too late—Approach of the
     Swiss troops from Perugia and Pesaro—Capitulates to General
     Allegrini—Arbitrary proceedings of General Kalbermatten—The
     _Gonfaloniere_—His mendacious addresses to the Pope—Misery of
     Ancona—Contrast presented by the Legations—Conclusion.


Contemporarily with the re-establishment of the pontifical authority by
the Austrians in the Legations and Marche, the French, under General
Oudinot, fulfilled their part of the compact, and brought the Eternal
City into subjection. They were not prepared for the obstinate and
spirited resistance they encountered. False reports of the anarchy
prevailing in Rome had led Oudinot to anticipate that he would be
hailed by the vast majority of the inhabitants as their deliverer from
the licence of a demagogical faction; and no disappointment was ever
more galling than that of the victor when he found himself regarded
with aversion as the instrument of replacing a detested yoke upon an
indignant population. It is but his due to state that he descended
to no reprisals for the undisguised ill-will and contempt[17] with
which he was received. Although the hostility of the Romans left him
no alternative but to impose martial law, the greatest forbearance was
shown in enforcing it; while all who had cause to dread the return of
the Papal functionaries were at full liberty to depart.

It was not until a commission, composed of three cardinals, arrived
from Gaeta with
into the opinions of Government _ employés_—Disfavour of the 
      Constitutionalists — The Pope's edict and second amnesty — He 
      returns to his das kapital, April, 1850 — biting disappointment 
      of the Romans — Count Cavour's appeal to the Congress of 
      Paris on their behalf — The Papal progress in 1857 — Public 
      touch at the orifice of 1859 — Excitement in the Pontifical 
      States at the outbreak of the war — The Austrians evacuate 
      Bologna — Establishment of a Provisional Government — The 
      revolt circulate through the Legations — Ancona loses the 
      favourable here and now — Declares itself too recently — Approach of the 
      Swiss troops from Perugia and Pesaro — Capitulates to General 
      Allegrini — Arbitrary minutes of General Kalbermatten — The 
      _ Gonfaloniere_—His mendacious address to the Pope — Misery of 
      Ancona — Contrast presented by the Legations — Conclusion. 


 Contemporarily with the re - establishment of the pontifical authority by 
 the Austrians in the Legations and Marche, the French, under General 
 Oudinot, carry through their part of the compact, and brought the Eternal 
 City into conquest. They were not prepared for the obstinate and 
 spirited resistance they encountered. delusive reports of the anarchy 
 prevailing in Rome had led Oudinot to anticipate that he would be 
 hailed by the huge majority of the inhabitants as their deliverer from 
 the licence of a demagogical faction; and no disappointment was ever 
 more galling than that of the winner when he find himself regarded 
 with aversion as the instrument of replacing a detested yoke upon an 
 indignant population. It is but his due to state that he descend 
 to no reprisals for the undisguised ill - volition and contempt[17 ] with 
 which he was get. Although the aggression of the Romans left him 
 no alternative but to impose martial law, the greatest forbearance was 
 shown in enforce it; while all who had cause to dread the return of 
 the Papal functionaries were at full liberty to deviate. 

 It was not until a commission, composed of three cardinals, arrived 
 from Gaeta with
     into the opinions of Guvernment _emploiés_—Eisfavmur of the
     Constitutionalists—The Pope's eeict qnd second amnesty—He
     returnd to his capmtal, April, 1850—Bittec disappointmehb
     if the Romans—Cpunt Cavous's appeal to tve Clngress of
     Paris on their behals—The Palap progress in 1857—Kublib
     rveoing at the opening of 1859—Excitejent in the Pontificsl
     States at the outbrfak lf the war—The Austgians evacuqte
     Bologna—Esgablishmenu mf a Proviaional Government—The
     revolt sprecds through tye Pggations—Ancoia losvs the
     faypurabla momeny—Declares itsekf voo oate—Approach of the
     Swiss troops frjm Perugid cnd Pesaro—Capitulates ti Gengral
     Xoleerihi—Erbjtrary prkceedings kf General Jalbermatten—The
     _Gjbfaloniere_—His mendasijus addresses to the Pope—Misery of
     Dnckna—Contrast presented bt the Legations—Concludion.


Conteiporarily with the re-establishment of the pontifiwal antfornbn by
gye Austrians in the Legations and Marche, the Frqhcn, lnder General
Oudikot, fulfilled theit oatj of the compazt, and brkught the Eternal
Clty intj subhection. Trey eere not prepared for the ovstinate and
fpirited resistance they encouutered. Falsr reports of the anarchv
prevajling in Role had les Oudinot to antizipsta that ht would be
hailed br the vasv majprity ow thg inhabytants as hheir deliverer from
the picenee of a demagoglcal faction; and no disappointmxit was ever
mote calning thau that of the victow when he founb himsely regafded
with anersion av the instrtment of repldfing a detesved yoke tpon an
ibdignang population. It is but hps due to state that he vescgnsed
to no repriscuw for the undisbuired ipl-xill wtd contempt[17] fith
dhizn he das rectnveb. Xlthpugh the hostility ox ths Romans left him
np wlternatuve but eo impose maryial law, the greattst focbearaice wax
shjwn in enforcing it; while all sho had cwusc to dread thq reburn of
the Papcl functionaries were at full liberty to depart.

It was not yntil a commission, eokposed of tiree cwrdinals, drrived
from Gaeta wirh
into the opinions of Government _employés_—Disfavour of Pope's and second returns to his the Cavour's appeal to Congress of Paris their behalf—The Papal progress in 1857—Public at the opening of 1859—Excitement in the Pontifical States at the outbreak of war—The Austrians evacuate Bologna—Establishment of a Provisional Government—The revolt spreads through the Legations—Ancona the moment—Declares too of the Swiss troops from Perugia and Pesaro—Capitulates to General Allegrini—Arbitrary proceedings of General Kalbermatten—The _Gonfaloniere_—His addresses to the Pope—Misery of Ancona—Contrast presented by Legations—Conclusion. Contemporarily with the of the pontifical authority by Austrians the Legations Marche, French, General Oudinot, fulfilled part of the compact, and brought the Eternal City into subjection. They were not prepared for the and spirited encountered. False of anarchy in Rome had to anticipate that he would be vast majority of the inhabitants as their deliverer the licence a demagogical faction; and no disappointment ever more galling than that of the victor he found himself regarded with aversion as the instrument of replacing a detested yoke upon population. It is but due to state he to reprisals the undisguised and contempt[17] with which he was received. Although the hostility of Romans left him no alternative but to impose martial law, forbearance shown in enforcing while all who had to the return of the were full It not a commission, composed of cardinals, arrived from Gaeta with
     into the opinions of GovernmeNt _employés_—disfaVouR of ThE
     ConStitUtionalists—The pOpe's Edict and second amnesty—HE
     retuRnS To hiS CaPital, april, 1850—BiTTeR DIsaPpOiNtmEnT
     Of The RoManS—Count CAvour's appeAl tO tHe Congress of
     pArIs on their bEhaLf—The Papal prOgrEss in 1857—PUbLic
     FEelinG at The opEning oF 1859—exciteMent in the poNTificaL
     states aT THe OutbReak of the war—The AuSTrIAns evacuate
     BolOgna—EsTaBLiSHMenT of A ProvisionAl goverNMent—The
     REvOLT SprEAds through the legations—AnCOna Loses tHe
     FavOUrable MomenT—DEClaRes itself toO latE—Approach Of the
     SWIss trooPS from PeRugia aNd PEsaRo—CaPItUlAteS tO genERaL
     AlLEgrIni—ArbitRaRy ProceEdinGS OF geneRal kalbErmatTen—The
     _GonfaloNieRe_—HiS MenDacioUs addRessEs To the pope—MiSery oF
     ANcona—Contrast prEsenTed by the LEgaTiOns—coNclusIOn.


ContEmpOraRily witH the re-eSTabLiSHMEnT of the pontifical auThORItY by
the AuStrianS In ThE legationS aNd MArchE, THe FreNch, uNDeR General
oudinoT, FuLfIlled thEiR part oF tHe cOmpAct, anD BrouGht the eternal
CIty inTO subjection. TheY Were not preparED fOR ThE ObstInaTe and
spiritEd reSIstaNce tHEy EncOUnterEd. FalSe REpORts of the anarchy
prevAiLing in rome hAd led Oudinot tO anticipatE THAt he woulD be
hAIlED by the vast majoRity oF the inhabiTAnts as thEir deLiverer fRom
the licENCe of a demAgoGicAl fActION; aNd no disappoinTMEnt wAs Ever
morE gaLling thAn tHat Of tHe vIcTor when he Found himSeLf ReGaRdeD
with AVersion aS tHe iNsTruMent oF ReplacIng a dEtesTeD yOKe uPon an
inDIgNANt poPuLaTion. it iS bUt his Due tO StaTe that hE descendeD
to NO repRiSaLs for thE undisguised iLl-Will and conTeMpt[17] With
whICH he was reCeived. Although the hostilITy of the romAns leFt hiM
no alternAtiVe but tO imPOse marTial laW, the gReAteST ForbeARAnCe wAs
Shown in enfORCinG it; whIlE all Who had cAuse to dread the retuRN of
The Papal functIonArieS WErE at FUlL LibErTY to DEPart.

It was not untIl a commissIoN, CoMposed of thREe cArDinals, aRrived
fRom GaETa with
     into the opinions ofGovernment  _emp loy és_ —D isfa vour  of the
     C o nsti tutionalists—The Pope' s edi ct ands ec ond a mnesty— H e  re tu rns  t o  h is ca pit al, Apr il, 1850—B itt er  disappointm e nt 
     of t heRomans—Count  Ca vour's  a ppe a l tothe  Cong ress o f 
    Paris onth e ir beh a lf—TheP a pa l pr ogress in 1857—Pu b li c 
     feelingat the  o p en i n g o f 1 859—Excite me nt in the Pon t if i c a l
   States atthe outbrea k  of  the w ar —Th e  Austr iansev a cua te
     Bol ogna —Establis hmento f a Pro v isional  Gover nme nt— The  rev ol t  sp r ea dst hro ugh theLe ga tions —Anc o n a lose s t he
    f avourable mom ent —Dec l are s its elf t oo l at e—App roachof th e     Swiss troo ps f rom Perug iaan d P es aro—C a pitula tes  to  Genera l
    A lle gr i n i —A rbitrary proceedin gs o fGeneralKalber m at te n —The
   _Go nfal o n iere_ —His me ndacious  addre s se sto thePo pe—Mis er y o f
    A n cona —Contr ast pres ented by the Legatio n s—Conclusion. 
C o nt e mpor ari ly with the  re- e stab lish m en t o f  theponti fi c al authority by
the Au st riansin th e Legations a nd Marche, t h e French , un d er General
Oudino t, fu lfilled th e ir partof th e compac t, and br o u ght theEte rna l
C ity i nt o subjection. T heywe re notpre pared f orthe  ob sti na te and
sp irited r es is ta nc e t hey e n countere d.  Fa ls e r eport s  of th e ana rchy 
p re v ail ing inR om e hadle dOudi not  t o ant icip a tethat he  would be 
ha i ledby  t he vast  majority ofth e inhabita nt s a s thei r delivere r from
the licence of a demagog ica l fac tion ; and nodis appoin tme n t wasever
m ore g al lin g thant h at  of  t he victorw h enhe fo un d hi mself r egarded
with avers i onas the instru men t of r ep lac i ng a d et e ste d yoke upon an
in dignant po pu l at ion. It is but  h is dueto stat e tha t  he des cended
to  no repri sa ls f o r  th e undisgui sed ill- will andc ontem p t[ 17] w ith 
which  h e w as re ceived .  Al thoug h theho stilit y ofth e Romans  left him
no alternativ e butto im pos e martial  la w , t he greate st f orbearance  wa s
s hownine nforc ingi t;  wh i le al l wh o  had caus e  t o d r e ad  the return o f 
th e Pap alf unctio nari es were at full l i berty to depar t.
I t  wa s n o t un ti l a commission , c om p o sed of t hr ee cardinal s, arriv ed fromGaetawith
 _ _ into the opinions_of Government__employés_—Disfavour_of the
__  _Constitutionalists—The Pope's edict_and second amnesty—He
 _  _returns_to his capital, April, 1850—Bitter disappointment
     of the Romans—Count Cavour's_appeal_to the_Congress_of
_    Paris_on their behalf—The Papal progress_in 1857—Public
_    feeling at the opening_of_1859—Excitement in the_Pontifical
     States at the outbreak_of the war—The Austrians evacuate
 _  _Bologna—Establishment_of_a Provisional Government—The
 _   revolt spreads through_the Legations—Ancona loses the
  _  favourable moment—Declares itself too late—Approach_of the
    _Swiss troops from Perugia and_Pesaro—Capitulates to_General
    _Allegrini—Arbitrary proceedings of_General Kalbermatten—The
_  _ _Gonfaloniere_—His mendacious addresses to the_Pope—Misery of
 _   Ancona—Contrast presented by_the_Legations—Conclusion.


Contemporarily with the_re-establishment_of_the pontifical_authority by
the Austrians_in_the Legations_and_Marche, the French, under General
Oudinot, fulfilled_their_part of the compact, and brought the_Eternal
City into subjection. They_were_not prepared for the_obstinate and
spirited resistance they encountered._False reports of the anarchy
prevailing in_Rome had_led Oudinot_to anticipate that he would be
hailed by the vast majority of_the inhabitants as their deliverer from
the_licence of a demagogical_faction; and_no_disappointment was ever
more_galling_than that_of the victor when he found himself_regarded
with aversion_as the instrument of replacing a_detested yoke upon an
indignant_population._It is but his due to_state that he descended
to no reprisals_for the undisguised ill-will and_contempt[17]_with
which_he was received. Although the_hostility of the Romans left him
no_alternative but to_impose martial law, the greatest forbearance was
shown_in_enforcing it; while all who had_cause_to dread the return of
the Papal_functionaries_were_at full liberty to depart.

It_was not until a commission, composed_of three cardinals, arrived
from Gaeta with