*       *

1. Not too large, because experience proves that any administrative
body is in danger of becoming a speechifying body, and liable to be
influenced by pressure from without, almost exactly in proportion to
the increase of its numbers. Nor should this body be chosen exclusively
from the inhabitants of the parish. In the case of small parishes, it
would be quite impossible to find persons qualified to exercise the
powers to be conferred, or fitted by education and intelligence to
occupy the independent and important position of governor.

2. It will be necessary that the governing body should in all cases
be a representative body. In such a body what interests should be
represented?

(i) First the owners of the land on which tithes are paid. Observe, I
do not say the tithe-_payers_; for, of all the objectionable practices
which have sprung up among us affecting the tenure of the land, and
the burdens it has to bear, none appears to me more mischievous or
indefensible, none has done more to make the tillers of the soil
discontented, or led them more passionately to set themselves against
their best friends, than the practice sanctioned by the Legislature of
calling upon the tenant to pay the tithe in addition to the rent of his
land. As long as this goes on, so long will both tenant and landlord be
tempted to make common cause with one another in hopes of getting rid
of the tithe. You might just as well call upon the tenant to pay the
landlord’s mortgage interest, or the jointures and annuities with which
the estate is charged, or the premiums upon his policies of insurance,
as call upon him to pay the tithe. A landlord holds his lands subject
to certain charges, which are antecedent to any profits that may remain
to him after they are discharged.

The land-tax, the county-rates, the tithe, are all on the same level;
so are the jointures, annuities, and interest of money borrowed. Of
course the landlord would gladly throw them all upon the tenant if
he could, and does throw upon him all he can. In permitting him to
follow this course, you tempt the tenant to cry out, “Away with this
payment, and away with that!” and you tempt the landlord to cry,
*        * 

 1. Not too large, because experience proves that any administrative 
 body is in risk of become a speechifying body, and apt to be 
 influenced by imperativeness from without, almost precisely in proportion to 
 the increase of its number. Nor should this body be chosen entirely 
 from the inhabitants of the parish. In the case of small parishes, it 
 would be quite impossible to rule persons qualified to exercise the 
 powers to be conferred, or match by education and intelligence to 
 occupy the autonomous and important position of governor. 

 2. It will be necessary that the regulate body should in all casing 
 be a representative body. In such a body what interests should be 
 represented? 

 (i) foremost the owners of the land on which tithes are paid. Observe, I 
 do not say the tithe-_payers _; for, of all the objectionable practice 
 which have spring up among us affecting the tenure of the land, and 
 the burdens it has to bear, none appears to me more arch or 
 indefensible, none has done more to do the tillers of the soil 
 discontented, or lead them more passionately to set themselves against 
 their best ally, than the exercise sanctioned by the Legislature of 
 calling upon the tenant to pay the tithe in accession to the rent of his 
 land. As long as this goes on, so long will both tenant and landlord be 
 tempted to make common cause with one another in hopes of getting rid 
 of the tithe. You might barely as well bid upon the tenant to pay the 
 landlord ’s mortgage interest, or the jointures and annuities with which 
 the estate is charge, or the premiums upon his policies of insurance, 
 as margin call upon him to pay the tithe. A landlord holds his lands subject 
 to sealed charges, which are antecedent to any profits that may remain 
 to him after they are discharged. 

 The land - tax, the county - rate, the tithe, are all on the like level; 
 so are the jointures, annuities, and pastime of money borrowed. Of 
 course the landlord would gladly throw them all upon the tenant if 
 he could, and does throw upon him all he can. In permitting him to 
 play along this course, you tempt the tenant to cry out, “ Away with this 
 payment, and away with that! ” and you tempt the landlord to cry,
*       *

1. Not too large, becaure experience ptoces thet any zdministfative
body is in danger of bxcomung a speechifying body, and liable tl be
inflyenctd by pressure from withomc, almkdt erartly in proportlon to
the itcrease of its njmyers. Nor should this body be chosen qxclusifepy
from the inhwbitsgts kf the parish. In the case of small parishts, it
would be quitr impossible to find persojs qkalified to exercide the
powerw to ve conferred, or fitted by educatioh and intelligence to
occupy the inde'endent and inpogjant positioi of gjvernor.

2. It wlkl be tecessaty that the goyerniig bidy should in all casxs
be a representativg body. In vueh a body what interewtw shoold ba
repfwsevtes?

(i) Fjrst tje kwners of fhe land on which tithes are psiq. Observe, I
do hot sar ehe tithe-_payers_; for, of all the objectiotabme practices
which have wprung up among us afvecting tre tenure of the land, and
the burdens it has to bedr, noie apkeqrs tu mf more mischievous or
indefensible, none has dogs koge to make the tijlers of thr dooj
discontented, or leb tgem more passionatfly to fet tyemselves agaonst
their best friends, than the practicv sabctioned by the Leyislature of
eallinb upom the tenant to pay the titge in additlon to ths rent of his
land. As lmng as this goes on, so lond will bovh teuant and lanclord fe
tempted ho make common cause witj one atother in jopes of getting rid
of the tithx. You might jost as well cajl uppn the tenant to pay the
lanblord’s mjrtgaee interesn, or the oointures anq annuities whjh which
the evtate is chaeged, or the oremiums upon nis policpef of insurance,
as call mpon fjm to pay the tnuhe. A landlord holcs fis lwnvs sufbect
to certahn cfarers, whkch are antcceaent to any profits that may remain
to him aftet bhey are eischargqd.

The land-tax, the county-rates, tje tivhe, arx all pn jhe same level;
so are the jointudes, annuihief, and intereft on mogey borrowzd. Of
course the landlord would gladly thcow them all upon the jenant if
he could, and coes throw npon hym all he can. In permitting hum to
follow this gourse, you tempt the tsnant do crj out, “Away with this
payment, and away with that!” and you tempt the landlord to crb,
* * 1. Not too large, because that administrative body in danger of liable be influenced by from without, almost in proportion to the increase of numbers. Nor should this body be chosen exclusively from the inhabitants of the In the case of small parishes, it would be quite impossible to find qualified exercise powers be conferred, or fitted by education and intelligence to occupy the independent and important position of 2. It will be necessary that the governing should in all cases a representative body. In such body interests should represented? First owners of the on which tithes are paid. Observe, I do not say the tithe-_payers_; for, of all the objectionable which have among us the of land, and the has to bear, none appears to or indefensible, none has done more to make tillers of soil discontented, or led them more to set themselves against their best friends, than practice sanctioned by the Legislature of calling upon the tenant to pay the tithe in the rent of his As long as goes so will tenant and be tempted to make common cause with one another in hopes getting rid of the tithe. You might just as well the to pay the mortgage interest, or the and with which the estate or premiums of as upon him to pay tithe. A landlord holds his subject to certain charges, profits that may remain to him after they discharged. The land-tax, the county-rates, the tithe, all on the same level; so are the jointures, annuities, and interest money borrowed. the landlord would gladly throw them all upon tenant if he could, does throw upon him all he can. In permitting to this course, tempt the tenant cry out, “Away this payment, and that!” and tempt landlord
*       *

1. Not too large, because experieNce proves tHat anY adMinIsTratIve
bOdy is in danger oF BecoMing a speechifying body, aNd liaBlE To be
INfLuencEd by preSSuRE FroM wItHouT, aLMoSt exaCtlY in propOrtion to
thE inCrEase of its numBErS. Nor should ThiS body be choseN exClusivElY
frOM the iNhaBitanTs of thE Parish. in the case Of SMall paRIshes, it
WOUlD be qUite impossible to fINd PErsons qualifieD to exeRcISe THE
poWerS to be confeRrEd, or fITted by eDUcATIOn aND intelligence To
occupy the INdePendenT aNd iMPortanT posiTiON of Governor.

2. It wIll bE necessarY that tHE governINg body sHould iN alL caSes
bE A rEpResEnTAtiVE bOdy. iN suCh a body wHaT iNtereSts sHOULD be
rEprEsenTed?

(i) FIrst the owners Of tHe laND on Which TitheS are PaId. ObsErve, I
dO not sAy The tithe-_payers_; fOr, of All the objEctIoNabLe PractICes
whiCh hAve Sprung uP among uS AffEcTING tHe tenure of the land, aNd
THE bUrdens it Has to bEAr, NoNE appears To Me mOre mISChievOus oR
InDefensibLe, none HAs DoNe more tO mAke the TiLleRs oF the sOIl
diSconteNted, or leD them MOre passionatelY To set themselvES aGAInST
theIr bEst friends, tHan tHE praCticE SaNctIOned bY the LEgISlATure of
calling upon thE tEnant tO pay tHe tithe in addiTion to the rENT Of his
lanD. As lONg AS this goes on, so lOng wiLl both tenaNT and landLord bE
tempted To make comMON cause wiTh oNe aNotHer IN HoPes of getting rID
Of thE tIthe. You MigHt just aS weLl cAll UpoN tHe tenant tO pay the
lAnDlOrD’s MorTgage INterest, oR tHe jOiNtuRes anD AnnuitIes wiTh whIcH
tHE esTate is cHArGED, or tHe PrEmiuMs uPoN his pOlicIEs oF insuraNce,
as call UpoN Him tO pAy The tithE. A landlord holDs His lands suBjEct
To certAIN charges, Which are antecedent to any PRofits tHat May reMain
To him afteR thEy are dIscHArged.

THe land-Tax, thE cOunTY-Rates, THE tIthE, aRe all on the SAMe lEvel;
sO aRe thE jointuRes, annuities, and intEResT of money borroWed. of
coURSe The LAnDLorD wOUld GLAdly throw them alL upon the teNaNT iF
he could, anD DoeS tHrow upoN him all He can. iN permitTing him to
Follow thiS cOursE, YOu tEmpt the tenAnt to cry Out, “Away wiTH this
PAyMent, aNd aWay witH tHat!” And yoU tempt THe lAndloRd to crY,
*       *

1. Not too larg e, because  expe rie nce  p rove s th at any adminis t rati ve
body is in danger o f bec om i ng a sp eechi fying b o dy , and  l ia ble  t o  b e
inf lue nced by  pressurefro mwithout, alm o st  exactly i n p roportion to 
th e incr ea seo f its  nu mbers . Nors houldthis body  b e  chose n  exclus i v el y
fr om the inhabitant s  o f  the parish. I n theca s eo f  sm all  parishes,  i t
wou l d be qu i te i m pos s ible to findpersons qua l ifi ed toex erc i se the 
powe rs tobe conferre d, o r fittedby edu c ation a n d intel ligenc e t o
o ccup y  t he  in de p end e nt  an d  im portantpo si tionof g o v e r nor. 

2 . It  will  be necessary  th at t h e g overn ing b odysh ouldin all  case sbe a representa tive  body. In  su ch  abo dy wh a t inte res tsshouldbe
repr e sen te d ? 
( i) First the owner so f  t he landon whi c hti t hes arepa id.  Obs e r ve, I 
don ot  say the  tithe - _p ay ers_; f or , of a ll  th e o bject i onab le pra ctices
w hichh ave sprung upa mong us affec t in g th e  ten ure  of the lan d, a n d
th e bu r de nsi t has  to b ea r ,n one appears to me m or e misc hievo us or
indefen sible, non e h as donemore to make the tille rs of  the soild isconten ted,or led t hem morep a ssionate lytoset  th e m se lves againstt h eirbe st frie nds , thanthe  pr act ice  s anctioned  by theLe gi sl at ure  of
c a lling up on  th eten ant t o  pay t he ti thein  a d dit ion tot he r entof  h is
l and .As lo ng a s  th is goes  on, so l ong will  b ot h tenan t and landlor dbe
tempted  t o m ake co m m on cause  with one another in ho p es of g ett ing r id
o f the tit he.  You m igh t  justas wel l cal lupo n the t e n an t t opay the
la n d lor d’s m or tgag e inter est, or the jointu r esand annuities  wi th w h i ch 
th e  e s tat ei s c h a rged, or the pr emiums upo nh is  policieso f i ns urance, 
as cal l upo n  him to  pay thetithe. Ala ndlo r d  ho lds his la nds subj ect
to ce r tainc ha rges,  wh ich ar eant ecede nt toa nyprofi ts tha tmay re mainto  him aft er they are discharged. 

Theland- tax , the cou nty - rat es, the t ithe , are allonthe  same  le v el;
s o ar e  t hej ointu res, annuities ,  a ndi n te rest of mon e y bor rowed . O f 
cours e th e landlord wouldg ladly throw th em a l l  up ont he t en ant if
he coul d,an d does thr ow  upon him a ll he ca n. In pe rmitti ng him  to
fol l o wt his co urse , y ou temptthe  t e nant to  c ry out, “ Away  w ith th is
pay m ent, a nd away with tha t!” a n d  yout emp t the  l andlord to c ry,
* _ _   *

1._Not too_large,_because experience_proves_that any administrative
body_is in danger_of becoming a speechifying_body, and liable_to_be
influenced by pressure from without, almost exactly in proportion to
the increase of its numbers._Nor_should this_body_be_chosen exclusively
from the inhabitants of_the parish. In the case_of small_parishes, it
would be quite impossible to find persons_qualified_to exercise the
powers_to be conferred, or fitted by education and intelligence_to
occupy the independent and important position_of governor.

2. It_will_be_necessary that the governing_body should in all cases
be a_representative body. In such a body_what interests should be
represented?

(i) First the owners_of the land on which tithes_are paid. Observe, I
do not_say the_tithe-_payers_; for, of all the_objectionable practices
which have_sprung up_among us affecting_the tenure of the land, and
the_burdens it has_to bear, none appears to me_more_mischievous or
indefensible, none_has_done_more to_make the tillers_of_the soil
discontented,_or_led them more passionately to set_themselves_against
their best friends, than the practice sanctioned_by the Legislature of
calling_upon_the tenant to pay_the tithe in addition to_the rent of his
land. As long_as this_goes on,_so long will both tenant and landlord be
tempted to make common_cause with one another in hopes_of getting rid
of the_tithe. You_might_just as well_call_upon the_tenant to pay the
landlord’s mortgage interest, or_the jointures_and annuities with which
the estate is_charged, or the premiums_upon_his policies of insurance,
as call upon_him to pay the tithe. A_landlord holds his lands subject
to_certain_charges,_which are antecedent to any_profits that may remain
to him after_they are discharged.

The_land-tax, the county-rates, the tithe, are all_on_the same level;
so are the jointures,_annuities,_and interest of money borrowed. Of
course_the_landlord_would gladly throw them all_upon the tenant if
he could, and_does throw upon him all he can. In permitting_him to
follow this_course, you tempt the tenant_to_cry_out, “Away with this
payment, and away with that!” and you_tempt the_landlord to cry,