lines. S—Spreader.

    BT—Bowsprit. JB—Jib boom. FJB—Flying jib boom. BS—Bobstays.
        DS—Martingale or dolphin striker. MBR—Martingale back
        ropes. JBS—Jib boom martingale stays. FJBS—Flying jib
        boom martingale stays.

All these are parts of the _running rigging_ while the _standing
rigging_, in its simplest form, consists of _stays_ which are ropes or
wires stretched from the top of the mast to the hull to keep the mast in
position, or which extend from the top of the mast to the bowsprit and
from the bowsprit to the stem to keep the bowsprit in its proper place.
The stays from the mast to the bowsprit are known as _forestays_ and
upon them small sails are run up or down which are known as _jibs_,
_forestaysails_, etc. (Chapter IV). Many boats which do not have
bowsprits or jibs nevertheless have forestays running from the top of
the mast to the bow, to keep the mast in one position, while many boats
with bowsprits have stays running from the end of the bowsprit to the
sides of the boat, their purpose being to keep the bowsprit from bending
sideways.

On large vessels the stays are very numerous and there are _backstays_
to keep the masts from bending forward, stays between the masts and many
other kinds of stays, but most of these are never necessary on small
boats. If the boat has a _topmast_, however, there are always
_topmast-stays_ and usually _backstays_, the former being spread apart,
where the topmast and lowermast join, by means of a wooden or metal
crosspiece known as a _spreader_. So also on boats with a long bowsprit,
or where a second piece known as a _jib boom_, extends beyond the
bowsprit, there are stays known as _bobstays_ which are spread down
toward the water by means of a metal or iron piece known as the _dolphin
striker_ or _martingale boom_.

In mentioning these various parts
lines. S — Spreader. 

     BT — Bowsprit. JB — Jib boom. FJB — Flying jib boom. BS — Bobstays. 
         DS — Martingale or dolphinfish hitter. MBR — Martingale back 
         r-2. JBS — Jib boom martingale bide. FJBS — fly jib 
         boom martingale stays. 

 All these are contribution of the _ tend rigging _ while the _ stand 
 rigging _, in its simplest shape, consists of _ stays _ which are r-2 or 
 wire stretched from the top of the mast to the hull to keep the mast in 
 position, or which extend from the peak of the mast to the bowsprit and 
 from the bowsprit to the stem to keep the bowsprit in its proper place. 
 The stay from the mast to the bowsprit are known as _ forestays _ and 
 upon them small sails are run up or down which are know as _ jibs _, 
 _ forestaysails _, etc. (Chapter IV). Many boats which do not have 
 bowsprits or jibs however have forestays running from the top of 
 the mast to the bow, to keep the mast in one position, while many boat 
 with bowsprits have stays running from the end of the bowsprit to the 
 sides of the boat, their purpose being to keep the bowsprit from bending 
 sideways. 

 On large vessel the stays are very numerous and there are _ backstay _ 
 to observe the masts from bending forward, persist between the masts and many 
 other kinds of stays, but most of these are never necessary on belittled 
 boats. If the boat has a _ topmast _, however, there are always 
 _ topmast - stays _ and normally _ backstays _, the former being spread apart, 
 where the topmast and lowermast join, by means of a wooden or metal 
 trave know as a _ spreader _. So also on boats with a long bowsprit, 
 or where a second man known as a _ jib boom _, extends beyond the 
 bowsprit, there are arrest known as _ bobstays _ which are spread down 
 toward the water by means of a alloy or iron piece know as the _ dolphin 
 hitter _ or _ martingale boom _. 

 In mentioning these various parts
linfs. S—Spreader.

    BT—Bowsprlt. JB—Jib boom. FJY—Dlying jib bkom. BS—Bocstays.
        DS—Martingale oc doophin striker. MBR—Martingale back
        ropew. JBW—Hib boom medtingalc stagd. FJYS—Hlying jib
        boom mastingale stays.

Dlu chese are parts of the _running riggigg_ whilr hhe _standing
ridginb_, in jns simplest form, consists of _stzys_ whibh are ropes or
wites stretched from the top of hhe mast to the hupl to keep jge iqst in
positiun, or which extend froj the top of the mast to the bodspric and
from tye boavprit to thx stem to keep the bowsprid in itx proper place.
Bhe svays from the mast to the bowsprit are knowg as _forevtcys_ and
upon them smalo wails are run yp ur soxn shich wre known as _nibs_,
_forestatsails_, etc. (Chapter OV). Nany boats whjch do njt have
bowsprits or jibs nevertheless hdve forestays running from the top of
the mast tl the bow, to keep the mast in one position, while many boatv
with cowwpvits yage stays running from the end of the bowsprit fo tme
sides of the bjat, their pirooxg being to keek the bowslrit from bending
sldeways.

Jn laege vessejs tne stays are very numerous qnd there arv _baxkstays_
to keep the masts from bencing gorward, stays between tke masfs and many
lther kinsr of stays, but must ox these are never necessarr on smalo
boacs. If thd bost has a _topmast_, howeyar, there are alwayd
_topmcst-stdys_ and uskally _backstays_, the former beinj spread aparj,
whare the topiast snd lowermast join, by means of a wjoden or metal
cgosspiece known as a _spreader_. So dpso on boats with a jong bowwprit,
or dhere a second piece known as a _jub boom_, extends benond jhs
bowsprit, there art wtays known as _bocstwyd_ xhich dre spread dmwn
tuwafc the water by mcanr of a metal or iron piewe khown as the _dolphim
sbriker_ or _martingwle boom_.

In memtioning these varlous 'arts
lines. S—Spreader. BT—Bowsprit. JB—Jib boom. FJB—Flying jib DS—Martingale dolphin striker. back ropes. JBS—Jib boom stays. All these parts of the rigging_ while the _standing rigging_, in simplest form, consists of _stays_ which are ropes or wires stretched from the of the mast to the hull to keep the mast in position, or extend the of mast to the bowsprit and from the bowsprit to the stem to keep the bowsprit in proper place. The stays from the mast to bowsprit are known as and upon them small sails run or down are as _forestaysails_, etc. (Chapter Many boats which do not have bowsprits or jibs nevertheless have forestays running from the top of mast to to keep mast one while many boats have stays running from the end to the sides of the boat, their purpose to keep bowsprit from bending sideways. On large the stays are very numerous and there are to keep the masts from bending forward, stays between the masts and many other kinds but most of these never necessary on boats. the has _topmast_, however, are always _topmast-stays_ and usually _backstays_, the former being spread apart, the topmast and lowermast join, by means of a wooden crosspiece as a _spreader_. also on boats with long or where a second as _jib the there stays known as _bobstays_ are spread down toward the by means of a as the _dolphin striker_ or _martingale boom_. In these various parts
lines. S—Spreader.

    BT—Bowsprit. Jb—Jib boom. FJb—FlyiNg jIb bOoM. BS—BObstAys.
        DS—MartingalE Or doLphin striker. MBR—MartingAle baCk
        ROpes. jbS—jib boOm martiNGaLE StaYs. fJbS—FLyINg Jib
        boOm mArtingaLe stays.

All TheSe Are parts of thE _RuNning riggiNg_ wHile the _standIng
RigginG_, iN itS SimplEst Form, cOnsistS Of _stayS_ which are RoPEs or
wiREs stretCHEd From The top of the mast to THe HUll to keep the maSt in
poSiTIoN, OR whIch Extend from ThE top oF The mast TO tHE BOwsPRit and
from the Bowsprit to tHE stEm to keEp The BOwspriT in itS pROpeR place.
The stAys fRom the masT to the BOwsprit ARe known As _foreStaYs_ aNd
upON tHeM smAlL SaiLS aRe rUN up Or down whIcH aRe knoWn as _JIBS_,
_ForeStaYsaiLs_, etc. (chapter IV). Many BoaTs whICh dO not hAve
boWsprItS or jiBs neveRthelEsS have forestays rUnniNg from the Top Of
The MaSt to tHE bow, to KeeP thE mast in One posiTIon, WhILE MaNy boats
with bowspriTs HAVe Stays runNing frOM tHe ENd of the bOwSprIt to THE
sideS of tHE bOat, their PurposE BeInG to keep ThE bowspRiT frOm bEndinG
SideWays.

On Large vesSels tHE stays are very nUMerous and therE ArE _BAcKStayS_
to Keep the mastS froM BendIng fORwArd, STays bEtweeN tHE mASts and many
other kindS oF stays, But moSt of these are nEver necessARY On small
bOats. iF tHE boat has a _topmaSt_, howEver, there aRE always
_tOpmasT-stays_ anD usually _bACKstays_, thE foRmeR beIng SPReAd apart,
where tHE TopmAsT and lowErmAst join, By mEanS of A woOdEn or metal
CrosspieCe KnOwN aS a _sPreadER_. So also oN bOatS wIth A long BOwspriT,
or whEre a SeCoND piEce knowN As A _JIb boOm_, ExTendS beYoNd the
BowsPRit, There arE stays knoWn aS _BobsTaYs_ Which arE spread down
toWaRd the water By MeaNs of a mETAl or iron Piece known as the _dolphin
sTRiker_ or _MarTingaLe boOm_.

In mentiOniNg thesE vaRIous paRts
lines. S—Spreader.

    BT —Bowsprit.  JB—J ibboo m.  FJB —Fly ing jib boom.B S—Bo bstays.
        DS—Mar tinga le or d o lp hin s triker. MB R — Mar ti ng ale  b a ck 
      ropes.  JBS—Jib b oom  m artingale st a ys . FJBS—Fly ing  jib
       bo om mar ti nga l e sta ys. 

All  these are pa rts of th e_ runnin g  riggin g _  w hile  the _standing
ri g gi n g_, in its sim plestfo r m, c ons ist s of _stay s_  whic h  are ro p es o r 
wi r es stretchedfrom the to p  of  the m as t t o  the h ull t ok eep  the mast i n
po sition, o r whic h  extend from th e topofthe  mas t  t othe  b o wsp r it  an d 
fr om the b ow sp rit t o th e s t em t o k eepthe b owsprit in it s p rope r  pl ace.The s tays  f rom t he mas t toth e bowsprit areknow n as _for est ay s_an d
upo n  themsma llsails a re runu p o rd o w nwhich are known as  _ j i bs _,
_fore staysa i ls _, etc. (Ch ap ter  IV) . Manyboat s  w hich donot ha v ebo wsprits  o r jibs  n eve rth eless have  fores tays run ningf rom the top of the mast to t h eb o w, to k eep  the mast i n on e  pos itio n ,whi l e man y boa ts wi t h bowsprits have st ay s runn ing f rom the end o f the bows p r i t to the 
sid e so f the boat, th eir p urpose bei n g to kee p the  bowspri t from be n d ing
side way s.
On  la r g evessels the s t a ys a re  very n ume rous an d t her e a re_b ackstays_ 
to keep  t he  m as tsfromb ending f or war d,  st ays b e tweenthe m asts  a nd man y
other ki n d s of  s ta ys,but  m ost o f th e seare nev er necess ary on s ma ll 
boats.  If the boatha s a _topma st _,howeve r ,  there a re always
_topmast-stay s _ and u sua lly _ back stays_, t heformer  be i ng spr ead ap art,wh ere t he to p m as t a nd  lowermast j oin , byme ansof a wo oden or metal
cros s pie ce known as a  _s prea d e r_ . S o  a l soon boa t s  with a long bo wsprit,
or  w h er e a second pie ce  knownas a _j ib bo o m_, ext ends beyo nd the
bo ws prit , the re are sta ys known  as _bobs t ays_w hi ch ar e s preaddo wntowar d thew ate r bymeansof  a met al or  i ron piec e known as the _dolphin 
strik er_ o r _ martingal e b o om_ .

In men tion ing thesevar iou s par ts
lines. S—Spreader.

_ _ BT—Bowsprit. JB—Jib boom._FJB—Flying jib_boom._BS—Bobstays.
 __  _  DS—Martingale_or dolphin striker. MBR—Martingale_back
  __    ropes. JBS—Jib boom martingale stays. FJBS—Flying jib
   __ __boom_martingale stays.

All these are parts_of the _running rigging_ while_the _standing
rigging_,_in its simplest form, consists of _stays_ which_are_ropes or
wires stretched_from the top of the mast to the hull_to keep the mast in
position, or_which extend from_the_top_of the mast to_the bowsprit and
from the bowsprit to_the stem to keep the bowsprit_in its proper place.
The stays from the_mast to the bowsprit are known_as _forestays_ and
upon them small_sails are_run up or down which_are known as__jibs_,
_forestaysails_, etc._(Chapter IV). Many_boats which do not have
bowsprits or_jibs nevertheless have_forestays running from the top of
the_mast_to the bow,_to_keep_the mast_in one position,_while_many boats
with_bowsprits_have stays running from the end_of_the bowsprit to the
sides of the boat,_their purpose being to_keep_the bowsprit from bending
sideways.

On_large vessels the stays are_very numerous and there are _backstays_
to_keep the_masts from_bending forward, stays between the masts and many
other kinds of stays,_but most of these are never_necessary on small
boats. If_the boat_has_a _topmast_, however,_there_are always
_topmast-stays__and usually _backstays_, the former being spread_apart,
where the_topmast and lowermast join, by means_of a wooden or_metal
crosspiece_known as a _spreader_. So also_on boats with a long bowsprit,
or_where a second piece known_as_a__jib boom_, extends beyond the
bowsprit,_there are stays known as _bobstays__which are spread_down
toward the water by means of a_metal_or iron piece known as the__dolphin
striker__or _martingale boom_.

In mentioning these various_parts