ius was consecrated by Pope Celestine, and sent to the Scots
believing in Christ, as their first bishop." The Scots, of course, then
and for some centuries later, were the Irish. It is interesting to us to
find Pope Leo XIII, in his Bull restoring the Scottish hierarchy in 1878,
gravely taking Prosper to mean that Celestine sent Palladius as the
apostle of the Scots in the modern sense of the word, that is, the people
of what we call Scotland. Fordun, the chronicler of Scotland, came upon
the same rock, and was driven by consequence into wild declarations about
the work of Palladius in North Britain. Fordun, however, had the
disadvantage of not being infallible.

Prosper of Aquitaine is not a person to be implicitly followed, when the
subject is the claims and the great deeds of bishops of Rome. There is a
fair suspicion that it was he who credited Eleutherus with the mission to
Lucius[45]. His very title, Prosper of Aquitaine, reminds us that
Aquitaine includes Gascony. He is suspected of being a romancer. With him,
as indeed with many of the evidences of the importance of the action of
Rome in early times, great caution is necessary.

Remarks of this kind I do not make from choice; they are forced upon me.
It is a pleasure of a very real kind to feel grateful; but when people
base upon benefits conferred very large demands and claims, one's feelings
of gratitude rapidly and permanently take a very different character. A
proverb tells us not to look a gift horse in the mouth. But when there is
grave doubt whether the horse ever existed, and when an immense price is
afterwards demanded for the gift, proverbs of that kind do not appeal to
us very strongly. The claims upon us of mediaeval Rome, mischievous as
they were absurd, were based on evidence much of which was so fictitious,
that we are more than justified in scanning closely the beginnings of any
of the evidence. Time after time one is reminded, in looking into these
claims, of the retort of a lay ruler, referring to the forged donation by
the first Christian Emperor to the bishops of Rome. Asked by the Pope for
his authority for the independent position he maintained, "
ius was consecrated by Pope Celestine, and sent to the Scots 
 believing in Christ, as their inaugural bishop. " The Scots, of path, then 
 and for some centuries later, were the Irish. It is interesting to us to 
 find Pope Leo XIII, in his Bull regenerate the Scottish hierarchy in 1878, 
 gravely take Prosper to mean that Celestine sent Palladius as the 
 apostle of the Scots in the mod sense of the word, that is, the multitude 
 of what we call Scotland. Fordun, the chronicler of Scotland, came upon 
 the like rock, and was driven by consequence into wild declarations about 
 the work of Palladius in North Britain. Fordun, however, had the 
 disadvantage of not being infallible. 

 Prosper of Aquitaine is not a person to be implicitly followed, when the 
 discipline is the claims and the great deeds of bishop of Rome. There is a 
 fair suspicion that it was he who credit Eleutherus with the mission to 
 Lucius[45 ]. His very title, Prosper of Aquitaine, reminds us that 
 Aquitaine includes Gascony. He is suspect of being a romancer. With him, 
 as indeed with many of the evidences of the importance of the action of 
 Rome in early times, great caution is necessary. 

 Remarks of this kind I do not make from choice; they are forced upon me. 
 It is a pleasure of a very real kind to feel grateful; but when people 
 base upon benefits conferred very large demand and claims, one's feelings 
 of gratitude quickly and permanently consume a very unlike character. A 
 proverb tells us not to look a gift horse in the mouth. But when there is 
 grave doubt whether the knight ever existed, and when an immense price is 
 afterwards demanded for the giving, proverbs of that kind do not appeal to 
 us very strongly. The claims upon us of mediaeval Rome, arch as 
 they were absurd, were based on evidence much of which was indeed fabricated, 
 that we are more than justified in scanning closely the beginnings of any 
 of the evidence. meter after time one is reminded, in looking into these 
 claim, of the retort of a lay ruler, referring to the forge donation by 
 the beginning Christian Emperor to the bishops of Rome. Asked by the Pope for 
 his assurance for the independent military position he maintained, "
ius was consecrated by Pope Celestine, and sent to the Sdots
belidving in Christ, as their firdt biship." The Scots, of course, then
and vor some cenuuries later, were the Irish. It jd incecesting to us tp
find Pope Leo XIII, in hhs Bbll restoring the Scottish hierarchy in 1878,
grafepy taking Prosker tp meah that Celestine sent Palladius as the
apovtle of the Svots in the modern sense ov thf word, that is, the people
of wyat rw call Scotlxnd. Fordun, the chronicmer of Scotland, came upon
the saoe roek, and was eruvej by consequxnce igto wild declarationv about
yhe work of Paklavius in North Britain. Forvun, however, had the
dysadvantace of not being infqloible.

Krospar ow Aqjitziie js not a 'erson to bs implicitlt followed, when the
xufhect is the cmaims wnq the great deeds of bishops of Rome. Thtre ia a
fair suspicion that ut was he who creditef Eleuthewus with the mission to
Lucius[45]. His very title, Pros[er oh Xqunbwkbe, reminds us that
Aquitaine includes Gascony. He js slspected of being a romancer. Wltn him,
as indeed with mang of the evidences of the impoetance of the action of
Rome in early timws, great caunion is necessary.

Remarns of this yind I do not make from choice; tkey ars forced upln me.
It ia a pleasure of a vegy raal kind to feel grateful; fut when 'eoplz
base upun bgnefits conferred very large demands and flaimd, mne's feelijgs
of gratitude rapidly and permanently take s eerj differeut chavacter. A
proverb tells us not jo look a gift horse in nhe mouth. But when trere is
grave glubt whether the horfe ecer wxisted, xnd when an imkense pribe is
adterwards demanded fot fhe gift, proveryr of that kind dp nut wpieak em
us very strmnglh. Tfr clakms upon us uf mrdiaeval Rome, mischiavoua as
they were absutd, were bawed on edidence much pf which was so fiftitimus,
vhat wr ate more than justified in scannjng closepy bhe beginningf of any
of the eridence. Time after time one is reminded, mn looking into these
clqims, of the retort pn a lay rulec, refewring to dhe forged donation vy
the first Chrisuian Emperor to the bisgops ox Romf. Asked by the Pope for
his authority for the independent position he mainrained, "
ius was consecrated by Pope Celestine, and the believing in as their first then for some centuries were the Irish. is interesting to us to find Leo XIII, in his Bull restoring the Scottish hierarchy in 1878, gravely taking to mean that Celestine sent Palladius as the apostle of the Scots in modern of word, is, the people of what we call Scotland. Fordun, the chronicler of Scotland, came upon the rock, and was driven by consequence into wild about the work of in North Britain. Fordun, however, the of not infallible. of is not a to be implicitly followed, when the subject is the claims and the great deeds of bishops of There is suspicion that was who Eleutherus with the Lucius[45]. His very title, Prosper of that Aquitaine includes Gascony. He is suspected of a romancer. him, as indeed with many of evidences of the importance of the action of in early times, great caution is necessary. Remarks of this kind I do not make they are forced upon It is a of very kind feel grateful; when people base upon benefits conferred very large demands and claims, feelings of gratitude rapidly and permanently take a very different proverb us not to a gift horse in mouth. when there is grave the ever an price afterwards demanded for the proverbs of that kind do appeal to us very of mediaeval Rome, mischievous as they were absurd, based on evidence much of which was fictitious, that we are more than justified in scanning closely the beginnings any of Time after time one is reminded, in looking these claims, of the of a lay ruler, referring to the forged donation the Christian Emperor the bishops of Asked by the for his authority independent position maintained,
ius was consecrated by Pope CeLestine, and Sent tO thE ScOtS
belIeviNg in Christ, as thEIr fiRst bishop." The Scots, of couRse, thEn
ANd foR SoMe cenTuries lATeR, WEre ThE IRisH. IT Is InterEstIng to us To
find Pope leo xIiI, in his Bull rEStOring the ScOttIsh hierarchy In 1878,
gRavely TaKinG prospEr tO mean That CeLEstine Sent PallaDiUS as the
APostle oF THe scotS in the modern sense OF tHE word, that is, the People
Of WHaT WE caLl SCotland. ForDuN, the cHRonicleR Of sCOTlaND, came upon
the sAme rock, and wAS drIven by CoNseQUence iNto wiLd DEclArations aboUt
thE work of PaLladiuS In North bRitain. FOrdun, hOweVer, Had tHE
dIsAdvAnTAge OF nOt bEIng InfallibLe.

prOsper Of AqUITAIne iS noT a peRson tO be implicitly FolLoweD, WheN the
sUbjecT is tHe ClaimS and thE greaT dEeds of bishops of rome. there is a
fAir SuSpiCiOn thaT It was hE whO crEdited ELeutherUS wiTh THE MiSsion to
Lucius[45]. His veRy TITlE, Prosper Of AquiTAiNe, REminds us ThAt
AQuitAINe incLudeS gaScony. He iS suspeCTeD oF being a RoMancer. wiTh hIm,
aS indeED witH many oF the evidEnces OF the importance OF the action of
ROMe IN EaRLy tiMes, Great cautioN is nECessAry.

REMaRks OF this Kind I Do NOt MAke from choice; they arE fOrced uPon me.
it is a pleasure Of a very reaL KINd to feel GratEFuL; But when people
bAse upOn benefits COnferred Very lArge demaNds and claIMS, one's feeLinGs
oF grAtiTUDe Rapidly and perMANentLy Take a veRy dIfferenT chAraCteR. A
pRoVerb tells Us not to lOoK a GiFt HorSe in tHE mouth. BuT wHen ThEre Is
graVE doubt WhethEr thE hOrSE evEr existED, aND When An ImMensE prIcE is
afTerwARds DemandeD for the giFt, pROverBs Of That kinD do not appeal tO
uS very stronGlY. ThE claimS UPon us of mEdiaeval Rome, mischievous AS
they weRe aBsurd, Were Based on evIdeNce mucH of WHich waS so ficTitioUs,
ThaT WE are mORE tHan JuStified in sCANniNg cloSeLy thE beginnIngs of any
of the evidENce. time after time One Is reMINdEd, iN LoOKinG iNTo tHESe
claims, of the reTort of a lay RuLEr, Referring tO The FoRged donAtion by
The fiRSt ChrisTian EmperOr to the biShOps oF rOme. asked by the pope for
hIs authoriTY for tHE iNdepeNdeNt posiTiOn hE mainTained, "
ius was consecrated by Pop e Celestin e, an d s ent  t o th e Sc ots
believingi n Ch rist, as their first b ishop ." TheS co ts, o f cours e ,t h enan dfor  s o me  cent uri es late r, were th e I ri sh. It is in t er esting tousto
find Pope  Le o XIII ,inh is Bu llresto ring t h e Scot tish hier ar c hy in1 878,
gr a v el y ta king Prosper to m e an that Celestine  sentPa l la d i usasthe
apostl eof th e  Scotsi nt h e  mo d ern sense ofthe word, t h atis, th epeo p le
ofwhatwe cal l Scotland.  For dun, thechroni c ler ofS cotland , came  up onthes am eroc k, and wa s d r ive n by con se qu enceinto w i l d de cla rati ons a bout
the work  of  Pal l adi us in  Nort h Br it ain.Fordun , how ev er, had the
dis adva ntage ofnot  b ein ginfal l ible.
Pr osp er of A quitain e  is  n o t aperson to be impli ci t l yfollowed , when th es ubject i sthe  cla i m s and  the gr eat deed s of b i sh op s of Ro me . Ther eisa
f air s u spic ion th at it wa s hew ho credited El e utherus witht he m is s iontoLucius[45].  His very  tit l e,  Pr o sperof Aq ui t ai n e, reminds us thatAq uitain e inc ludes Gascony . He is su s p e cted ofbein g  a romancer. With  him, 
as indeed with man y ofthe evid ences oft h e import anc e o f t hea c ti on of
Rome in e arly  t imes, g rea t cauti onisnec ess ar y.

Remar ks of th is  k in dI d o not make fro mcho ic e;theya re for ced u ponme .I t i s a ple a su r e  ofave ry r eal  k ind t o fe e l g rateful ; but whe n p e ople 
b as e uponbenefits conf er red very l ar gedemand s and clai ms, one's feelings
of g r atitude  ra pidly  and  permanen tly  takea v e ry dif ferent  char ac ter . A
pro v e rb  te ll s us not t o loo k a g if t ho rse inthe mouth. But whe n  th ere is
gravedou bt w h e th ert he hor se eve r existed, and wh en an imme ns e  p rice is
af t erw ar ds dema nded fo r the gift, p roverbs o f that ki nd  don o t a ppeal to
u s very s trongly.T he cl a im s upo n u s of m ed iae val R ome, m i sch ievou s as
t he y were  absu rd , were b ased on evidence much o f whic h was  so  fictitio us, tha t we aremore  than just ifi edin sc ann i ng cl osel y  t heb eginn ings of any
of th e e v i de nce. Time a f t e r t ime o nei s remi nded , in looking into these
claims,of t h e  re tor t  ofalay ruler, ref err in g to the f or ged donatio n by
the  f i rst C hristi an Emp eror to t he bishop s of  Ro me. Asked  by  t h e Popefo rh is aut hori ty  for t he ind e pend e n t position he ma intai n e d, "
ius was_consecrated by_Pope Celestine, and sent_to the_Scots
believing_in Christ,_as_their first bishop."_The Scots, of_course, then
and for some_centuries later, were_the_Irish. It is interesting to us to
find Pope Leo XIII, in his Bull restoring_the_Scottish hierarchy_in_1878,
gravely_taking Prosper to mean that_Celestine sent Palladius as the
apostle_of the_Scots in the modern sense of the word,_that_is, the people
of_what we call Scotland. Fordun, the chronicler of Scotland,_came upon
the same rock, and was_driven by consequence_into_wild_declarations about
the work of_Palladius in North Britain. Fordun, however,_had the
disadvantage of not being infallible.

Prosper_of Aquitaine is not a person to_be implicitly followed, when the
subject is_the claims and the great_deeds of_bishops of Rome. There is_a
fair suspicion that_it was_he who credited_Eleutherus with the mission to
Lucius[45]. His_very title, Prosper_of Aquitaine, reminds us that
Aquitaine includes_Gascony._He is suspected_of_being_a romancer._With him,
as indeed_with_many of_the_evidences of the importance of the_action_of
Rome in early times, great caution is_necessary.

Remarks of this kind_I_do not make from_choice; they are forced upon_me.
It is a pleasure of a_very real_kind to_feel grateful; but when people
base upon benefits conferred very large demands_and claims, one's feelings
of gratitude rapidly_and permanently take a_very different_character._A
proverb tells us_not_to look_a gift horse in the mouth. But_when there_is
grave doubt whether the horse ever_existed, and when an_immense_price is
afterwards demanded for the gift,_proverbs of that kind do not_appeal to
us very strongly. The_claims_upon_us of mediaeval Rome, mischievous_as
they were absurd, were based on_evidence much of_which was so fictitious,
that we are more_than_justified in scanning closely the beginnings_of_any
of the evidence. Time after time_one_is_reminded, in looking into these
claims,_of the retort of a lay_ruler, referring to the forged donation by
the first Christian_Emperor to the_bishops of Rome. Asked by_the_Pope_for
his authority for the independent position he maintained, "