. Those who advocate its placement
overhead argue that in case of an accident
the aeroplane is likely to overturn, and the tank
will, therefore, be below the pilot. Those who
believe it should be placed below, claim that in
case of overturning it is safer to have the tank
afire above than below.

DANGER TO THE PILOT.--The great danger to the
pilot, in all cases of accidents, lies in the
overturning of the machine. Many have had accidents
where the machine landed right side up, even
where the fall was from a great height, and the
only damage to the aviator was bruises. Few, if
any, pilots have escaped where the machine has
overturned.

It is far better, in case the tank is light, to have
it detached from its position, when the ship strikes
the earth, because in doing so, it will not be so
likely to burn the imprisoned aviator.

In all cases the tank should be kept as far away
from the engine as possible. There is no reason
why it cannot be placed toward the tail end of
the machine, a place of safety for two reasons:
First, it is out of the reach of any possible
danger from fire; and, second, the accidents in the
past show that the tail frame is the least likely to
be injured.

In looking over the illustrations taken from the
accidents, notice how few of the tails are even
disarranged, and in many of them, while the entire
fore body and planes were crushed to atoms,
the tail still remained as a relic, to show its
comparative freedom from the accident.

In all monoplanes the tail really forms part of
the supporting surface of the machine, and the
adding of the weight of the gasoline would be
placing but little additional duty on the tail, and
it could be readily provided for by a larger tail
surface, if required.

THE CLOSED-IN BODY.--The closed-in body is a
vast improvement, which has had the effect of
giving greater security to the pilot, but even this
is useless in case of overturning.

STARTING THE MACHINE.--The direction in which
improvements have been slow is in the starting
of the machine. The power is usually so mounted
that
. Those who advocate its placement 
 overhead argue that in case of an accident 
 the aeroplane is probable to revoke, and the tank 
 will, therefore, be below the pilot burner. Those who 
 think it should be placed below, claim that in 
 case of revoke it is safer to have the tank car 
 afire above than below. 

 DANGER TO THE PILOT.--The big danger to the 
 pilot, in all case of accidents, dwell in the 
 overturning of the machine. Many have had accident 
 where the machine landed right english up, even 
 where the fall was from a great height, and the 
 only price to the aviator was bruises. Few, if 
 any, pilots have escaped where the machine has 
 overturned. 

 It is far good, in case the tank is light, to have 
 it detached from its stead, when the ship strikes 
 the earth, because in doing so, it will not be so 
 likely to burn the imprisoned aviator. 

 In all cases the tank should be keep as far away 
 from the engine as potential. There be no reason 
 why it cannot be placed toward the stern end of 
 the machine, a place of safety for two reason: 
 First, it is out of the reach of any possible 
 danger from fire; and, second, the accident in the 
 past show that the tail frame is the least likely to 
 be hurt. 

 In looking over the illustration taken from the 
 accidents, notice how few of the tails are even 
 disarranged, and in many of them, while the integral 
 fore body and planes were crushed to atoms, 
 the tail still remained as a relic, to express its 
 comparative exemption from the accident. 

 In all monoplanes the tail really forms part of 
 the support surface of the car, and the 
 adding of the weight of the gasoline would be 
 placing but short additional duty on the tail, and 
 it could be promptly provided for by a larger tail 
 surface, if required. 

 THE CLOSED - IN BODY.--The closed - in body is a 
 vast improvement, which has had the effect of 
 giving greater security system to the pilot, but even this 
 is useless in case of revoke. 

 STARTING THE MACHINE.--The direction in which 
 improvements have been slow is in the starting 
 of the machine. The power is normally so mounted 
 that
. Thlse who advocate its plagement
overhead atgye thav in caae of an accident
the aeroplane is lineoy to overturn, and the tank
dill, thervfore, be velox the pilot. Thosx who
bellzve if shoblv be placed belpw, claim tvat in
case of mvdrcurning it is safer to have the tank
wfire anoge than below.

DWNGEG EO TGV KILOT.--The great danger to the
pilot, in all cases of accodents, lies in the
overturnlng lf the machine. Manj have had qcciqwnts
where thd machine landed right side up, even
where the fall was from a great hgntht, dnd the
only damade to the avlstor wds bruixes. Few, if
any, iilotv hqve escaped where the machine has
overtutned.

It is xax better, in case the rabk is ligvt, tu haxe
iu dxtadhed fgom its positjon, when thw ship strikes
the esrey, because in soing fo, it will not be so
likely to burn the imkrisohed aviator.

In all cases the tank should be kgpt as far away
from the engine as possible. There is no reasmn
why kt eqnnot ve placed toward the tail end of
the machine, a pjzct on safety for two reasons:
Firxt, iy is out of thg reach of any possible
dangeg from sire; qnd, seconq, thr accidents in the
past show that the tapl feame is the least pikely to
be injored.

In looking over the illuscratiohs taken frlm the
accjaents, notice how fee mf the tails are even
disarwanged, anv in kany of thek, whilq the entige
forc body and planes wfre ctushed to atoms,
tje tail still remained as a relmr, to show its
vokpagative frzedom nrom the accidegt.

In all monopkanes tke taiu really fkrms pact of
the sup[orting surfawg of the machmne, and tre
adeing of the deight of the basoline cjuld be
placing but litble aasitional duty ou uhw tail, and
it cpula bq geavily [sovided for ty a lafber txil
surface, lf fequored.

THE CLOSED-IN BODF.--The closed-in body is s
vwst imprivement, rhich has had the effect of
givijg grxater recuroty to the pilot, but even this
is hseless ij cwse of overttrnikg.

STWRTING THE MACHINE.--The direction in which
improvemeits have been slow is ib the starting
of thg mschine. The 'ower ys usuallf so mounted
that
. Those who advocate its placement overhead in of an the aeroplane is tank therefore, be below pilot. Those who it should be placed below, claim in case of overturning it is safer to have the tank afire above below. DANGER TO THE PILOT.--The great danger to the pilot, in all cases accidents, in overturning the machine. Many have had accidents where the machine landed right side up, even where the was from a great height, and the only to the aviator was Few, if any, pilots have where machine has It far in case the is light, to have it detached from its position, when the ship strikes the earth, because in so, it be so to the aviator. In all tank should be kept as far engine as possible. There is no reason why cannot be toward the tail end of the a place of safety for two reasons: First, is out of the reach of any possible danger from fire; and, second, the accidents past show that the frame is the likely be In over the taken from the accidents, notice how few of the tails are disarranged, and in many of them, while the entire fore planes crushed to atoms, tail still remained as relic, show its comparative freedom accident. all really part the supporting surface of machine, and the adding of weight of the gasoline additional duty on the tail, and it could readily provided for by a larger tail if required. THE CLOSED-IN BODY.--The closed-in body is a vast improvement, which had the giving greater security to the pilot, but even is useless in case overturning. STARTING THE MACHINE.--The direction in which improvements have slow in the of the machine. power is usually mounted that
. Those who advocate its placemEnt
overheaD arguE thAt iN cAse oF an aCcident
the aeroPLane Is likely to overturn, and tHe tanK
wILl, thEReFore, bE below tHE pILOt. THoSe Who
BeLIeVe it sHouLd be plaCed below, clAim ThAt in
case of ovERtUrning it is SafEr to have the tAnk
Afire aBoVe tHAn belOw.

DaNGER tO THE PilOT.--The Great dangEr TO the
piLOt, in all CASeS of aCcidents, lies in the
OVeRTurning of the maChine. MAnY HaVE Had AccIdents
wherE tHe macHIne landED rIGHT siDE up, even
where tHe fall was frOM a gReat heIgHt, aND the
onLy damAgE To tHe aviator waS bruIses. Few, if
Any, pilOTs have eSCaped whEre the MacHinE has
OVeRtUrnEd.

iT is FAr BetTEr, iN case the TaNk Is ligHt, to HAVE
It deTacHed fRom itS position, when The Ship STriKes
thE eartH, becAuSe in dOing so, It wilL nOt be so
likely to bUrn tHe imprisoNed AvIatOr.

in all CAses thE taNk sHould be Kept as fAR awAy
FROM tHe engine as possible. thERE iS no reasoN
why it CAnNoT Be placed ToWarD the TAIl end Of
thE MaChine, a plAce of sAFeTy For two rEaSons:
FiRsT, it Is oUt of tHE reaCh of anY possiblE
dangER from fire; and, seCOnd, the accidenTS iN THe
PAst sHow That the tail FramE Is thE leaST lIkeLY to
be InjurEd.

iN lOOking over the illustrAtIons taKen frOm the
accidentS, notice how FEW Of the taiLs arE EvEN
disarranged, anD in maNy of them, whILe the entIre
foRe body anD planes weRE Crushed tO atOms,
The TaiL STiLl remained as a RELic, tO sHow its
cOmpArative FreEdoM frOm tHe Accident.

IN all monoPlAnEs ThE taIl reaLLy forms pArT of
ThE suPportINg surfAce of The mAcHiNE, anD the
addINg OF The wEiGhT of tHe gAsOline WoulD Be
pLacing bUt little aDdiTIonaL dUtY on the tAil, and
it could Be Readily proViDed For by a LARger tail
Surface, if required.

THE CLOseD-IN BODy.--ThE closEd-in Body is a
vaSt iMproveMenT, Which hAs had tHe effEcT of
GIVing gREAtEr sEcUrity to the PILot, But evEn This
Is useleSs in case of overturnINg.

StARTING THE MAChINe.--The DIReCtiON iN WhiCh
IMprOVEments have been sLow is in the StARtIng
of the maCHinE. THe power Is usualLy so mOUnted
thAt
. Those who advocate its p lacement
o verhe adarg ue  tha t in  case of an ac c iden t
the aeroplane is lik ely t oo vert u rn , and  the ta n kw i ll,  t he ref or e ,be be low  the pi lot. Those  wh obelieve it s h ou ld be plac edbelow, claim  th at inca seo f ove rtu rning  it is saferto have t he tank
a f ire abo v e  t hanbelow.

DANGER TO TH E  PILOT.--The g reat d an g er t o t hepilot, inal l cas e s of ac c id e n t s,l ies in the
ov erturning o f  th e mach in e.M any ha ve ha da cci dents
where  the  machinelanded right s i de up,even
w her e t he f a ll  w asfr o m a gr eat hei ght, and  t he 
only  dam a g e to t heavia tor w as bruises. F ew,  ifa ny,  pilo ts ha ve e sc apedwherethe m ac hine has
overtu rned .

It isfar  b ett er , inc ase th e t ank  is lig ht, toh ave 
i t d et ached from its pos it i o n,  when th e ship st ri k es
the e ar th,  bec a u se in  doi n gso, it w ill no t  b eso
like ly  to bu rn  th e i mpris o nedaviato r.

In a ll ca s es the tank sh o uld be kept a s  f a r  a w ay
f rom  the engine  asp ossi ble. Th ere is no  reas on wh y  it cannot be place dtoward  thetail end of
t he machine , a  place o f sa f et y  for two reaso ns:
F irst, it i s  out ofthe r each ofany possi b l e
danger  fr omfir e;a n d,  second, thea c cide nt s in th e
p ast sho w t hat  th e t ai l frame i s the le as tli ke lyto
be injured. 
Inlo oki ng ov e r theillus trat io ns tak en from th e acci de nt s, n oti ce  howfewo f t he tail s are eve n
d i sarr an ge d, andin many of th em , while th eent ire
fo r e  body an d planes were crushed t o  atoms, 
th e tai l st ill remai ned  as arel i c, toshow i ts
co mp ara t i ve fr e e do m f ro m the acci d e nt. 

Inal l mo noplane s the tail reallyf orm s part of
the  su ppor t i ng  su r fa c e o ft hem a chine, and theadding ofth e  w eight of t h e g as oline w ould be 
plac i ng butlittle ad ditionaldu ty o n the  tail, and 
it coul d be read i ly pr o vi ded f orby a l ar ger  tail 
surfa c e,if re quired .
THE C LOSED -I N BODY.- -The closed-in body isa
vast  impr ove ment, whi chh ashad the e ffec t of
givin g g rea ter s ecu r ity t o th e  p ilo t , but  eve n  this
isu se les s in  case of ov e r t urn ing.
ST A RTINGTHEMACHINE.--The dir e ction in which 
imp r o vem ent s  hav ebeen slow is i n t he s tartingof  the machin e. The p ow e r isusuall y so m ountedt h at 
. Those_who advocate_its placement
overhead argue that_in case_of_an accident
the_aeroplane_is likely to_overturn, and the_tank
will, therefore, be below_the pilot. Those_who
believe_it should be placed below, claim that in
case of overturning it is safer to_have_the tank
afire_above_than_below.

DANGER TO THE PILOT.--The great_danger to the
pilot, in all_cases of_accidents, lies in the
overturning of the machine. Many_have_had accidents
where the_machine landed right side up, even
where the fall was_from a great height, and the
only_damage to the_aviator_was_bruises. Few, if
any, pilots_have escaped where the machine has
overturned.

It_is far better, in case the_tank is light, to have
it detached from_its position, when the ship strikes
the_earth, because in doing so,_it will_not be so
likely to burn_the imprisoned aviator.

In_all cases_the tank should_be kept as far away
from the_engine as possible._There is no reason
why it cannot_be_placed toward the_tail_end_of
the machine,_a place of_safety_for two_reasons:
First,_it is out of the reach_of_any possible
danger from fire; and, second, the_accidents in the
past show_that_the tail frame is_the least likely to
be injured.

In_looking over the illustrations taken from_the
accidents, notice_how few_of the tails are even
disarranged, and in many of them, while_the entire
fore body and planes were_crushed to atoms,
the tail_still remained_as_a relic, to_show_its
comparative freedom_from the accident.

In all monoplanes the tail_really forms_part of
the supporting surface of the_machine, and the
adding of_the_weight of the gasoline would be
placing_but little additional duty on the_tail, and
it could be readily_provided_for_by a larger tail
surface, if_required.

THE CLOSED-IN BODY.--The closed-in body is_a
vast improvement, which_has had the effect of
giving greater security_to_the pilot, but even this
is useless_in_case of overturning.

STARTING THE MACHINE.--The direction_in_which
improvements_have been slow is in_the starting
of the machine. The power_is usually so mounted
that