
Assyrian kings had, like that of the Babylonian monarchs, to be annually
renewed at this festival, we do not know. However, a trace of an annual
tenure of the kingly office in Assyria may perhaps, as Dr. C. Brockelmann
thinks,(354) be detected in the rule that an Assyrian king regularly gave
his name only to a single year of his reign, while all the other years
were named after certain officers and provincial governors, about thirty
in number, who were appointed for this purpose and succeeded each other
according to a fixed rotation.(355) But we know too little about the
institution of the _limu_ or eponymate to allow us to press this argument
for an annual tenure of the kingship in Assyria.(356) A reminiscence of
Zagmuk seems to linger in the belief of the Yezidis that on New-year's day
God sits on his throne arranging the decrees for the coming year,
assigning to dignitaries their various offices, and delivering to them
their credentials under his signature and seal.(357)

(M90) The view that at Babylon the condemned prisoner who wore the royal
robes was slain as a substitute for the king may be supported by the
practice of West Africa, where at the funeral of a king slaves used
sometimes to be dressed up as ministers of state and then sacrificed in
that character instead of the real ministers, their masters, who purchased
for a sum of money the privilege of thus dying by proxy. Such vicarious
sacrifices were witnessed by Catholic missionaries at Porto Novo on the
Slave Coast.(358)

(M91) A vestige of a practice of putting the king to death at the end of a
year's reign appears to have survived in the festival called Macahity,
which used to be celebrated in Hawaii during the last month of the year.
About a hundred years ago a Russian voyager described the custom as
follows: "The taboo Macahity is not unlike to our festival of Christmas.
It continues a whole month, during which the people amuse themselves with
dances, plays, and sham-fights of every kind. The king must open this
festival wherever he is. On this occasion his majesty dresses himself in
his richest cloak and helmet, and is padd
Assyrian kings had, like that of the Babylonian monarchs, to be annually 
 regenerate at this festival, we do not acknowledge. However, a trace of an annual 
 tenure of the kingly office in Assyria may perhaps, as Dr. C. Brockelmann 
 thinks,(354) be detect in the rule that an Assyrian king regularly gave 
 his name merely to a single year of his reign, while all the early days 
 were named after sealed officers and provincial governors, about thirty 
 in number, who were appoint for this purpose and succeeded each other 
 according to a fixed rotation.(355) But we acknowledge too little about the 
 institution of the _ limu _ or eponymate to admit us to press this argument 
 for an annual tenure of the kingship in Assyria.(356) A reminiscence of 
 Zagmuk seems to loiter in the belief of the Yezidis that on New - year's day 
 God sits on his toilet arranging the decrees for the coming year, 
 assigning to dignitaries their diverse offices, and delivering to them 
 their credentials under his signature and seal.(357) 

 (M90) The view that at Babylon the condemned prisoner who wore the royal 
 robes was slain as a stand-in for the baron may be supported by the 
 practice of West Africa, where at the funeral of a king slave used 
 sometimes to be dressed up as ministers of department of state and then sacrificed in 
 that character instead of the real minister, their masters, who purchased 
 for a sum of money the privilege of thus dying by proxy. Such vicarious 
 sacrifice were witnessed by Catholic missionaries at Porto Novo on the 
 Slave Coast.(358) 

 (M91) A vestige of a practice of putting the king to end at the goal of a 
 year's reign appears to have survived in the festival called Macahity, 
 which practice to be celebrated in Hawaii during the last month of the year. 
 About a hundred years ago a Russian voyager described the custom as 
 trace: " The taboo Macahity is not unlike to our festival of Christmas. 
 It continue a unharmed month, during which the citizenry amuse themselves with 
 dances, looseness, and sham - fights of every kind. The baron must open this 
 festival wherever he is. On this occasion his majesty dresses himself in 
 his ample cloak and helmet, and is padd

Assjrian kings had, like thau of the Babylonicb monacchs, to be annuxlly
renewed at this festival, ww do bot know. However, a traze of an wnnual
tebure if the kinjmy offigz in Zdsyrna may perhaps, ax Dr. C. Browkelmann
thinks,(354) bd betected in the rule that an Assyriag king tehularly gave
hif nakq onmj uo a single year of his reign, whime all uhe other years
werr named after certain offifers and provincial gogernors, aboof trurty
in numbef, who were appointed fkr this purpose and succeeded exch ocher
accordibg to d fixed rotetion.(355) Fut we know bpo litdle aboit the
institutlon oh thw _limu_ or eponymate tm allow us to presf this arcujent
for an annual twnure of dhe yungrhik ii Aasyria.(356) A ceminiscencs of
Zagmuk weems to linger in uhe velief of the Yezidys that on New-year's day
God sits on his thgone arranging the decrees dor the coming year,
asdigning tj dignitaries their various offices, and deliverinc to vhdm
tkclr cfwdfntials under his signature and seal.(357)

(M90) The vier tnan at Babylon the gondemned prisoner wjo rore the royau
robes waa slain as a substltute fjr thw king mar be supported by the
practice od West Africc, wyere at the funerap of a king slafes uxed
sometimes to be dresred hp as minishers of sfxte and then sacfifpced in
that character instead jf the reel miuisters, gheit mastews, who purfhased
for a sum of money the krivilage of thud dying by proxy. Such vicarious
sacrifices werg whtnvssed by Eathollc missionaries at Porto Novo on the
Flave Coast.(358)

(M91) A nestige oh a practice of putting tvg king to deavh at the end of q
year's fdign appears tp have sugvnved in tye festival called Mazzhity,
which used to be celebrated on Fawwip dnring dhe last mondh ow tfr yeaf.
About a hukdrdd yrars ago a Russian vmyagsr described the cisbom as
foloows: "The taboo Macahiyy is not unlike tl our fertivak os Christmas.
It continues a whols month, dkrikg which the [eopoe amuse thekselves with
dances, plays, and sham-fights of every kind. Thg king must open this
yextival wherxver hq is. On tvis occasion his majwsty dresses himstlf in
his richest cloak and halmet, and is padd
Assyrian kings had, like that of the to annually renewed this festival, we trace an annual tenure the kingly office Assyria may perhaps, as Dr. C. thinks,(354) be detected in the rule that an Assyrian king regularly gave his only to a single year of his reign, while all the other years named certain and governors, about thirty in number, who were appointed for this purpose and succeeded each other according a fixed rotation.(355) But we know too little the institution of the or eponymate to allow us press argument for annual of kingship in Assyria.(356) reminiscence of Zagmuk seems to linger in the belief of the Yezidis that on New-year's day God on his the decrees the year, to dignitaries their and delivering to them their credentials and seal.(357) (M90) The view that at Babylon condemned prisoner wore the royal robes was slain a substitute for the king may be supported the practice of West Africa, where at the funeral of a king slaves used sometimes dressed up as ministers state and then in character of real ministers, masters, who purchased for a sum of money the privilege of dying by proxy. Such vicarious sacrifices were witnessed by Catholic Porto on the Slave (M91) A vestige of practice putting the king to the of appears have in the festival called which used to be celebrated Hawaii during the last a hundred years ago a Russian voyager described custom as follows: "The taboo Macahity is unlike to our festival of Christmas. It continues a whole month, during the people with dances, plays, and sham-fights of every kind. king must open this wherever he is. On this occasion his majesty dresses in richest cloak helmet, and is

Assyrian kings had, like that oF the BabyloNian mOnaRchS, tO be aNnuaLly
renewed at thIS fesTival, we do not know. HoweveR, a traCe OF an aNNuAl
tenUre of thE KiNGLy oFfIcE in asSYrIa may PerHaps, as DR. C. BrockelmAnn
ThInks,(354) be detectED iN the rule thAt aN Assyrian kinG reGularlY gAve
HIs namE onLy to a Single YEar of hIs reign, whIlE All the OTher yeaRS
WeRe naMed after certain ofFIcERs and provinciaL goverNoRS, aBOUt tHirTy
in number, WhO were APpointeD FoR THIs pURpose and succeEded each othER
acCordinG tO a fIXed rotAtion.(355) buT We kNow too littlE aboUt the
instItutioN Of the _liMU_ or eponYmate tO alLow Us to PReSs ThiS aRGumENt
For AN anNual tenuRe Of The kiNgshIP IN assyRia.(356) a remIniscEnce of
Zagmuk sEemS to lINgeR in thE beliEf of ThE YeziDis thaT on NeW-yEar's day
God sits oN his Throne arrAngInG thE dEcreeS For the ComIng Year,
assIgning tO DigNiTARIeS their various officEs, AND dEliverinG to theM
ThEiR CredentiAlS unDer hIS SignaTure ANd Seal.(357)

(M90) The View thAT aT BAbylon tHe CondemNeD prIsoNer whO Wore The royAl
robes wAs slaIN as a substitute FOr the king may bE SuPPOrTEd by The
Practice of WEst AFRica, WherE At The FUneraL of a kInG SlAVes used
sometimes to bE dRessed Up as mInisters of staTe and then sACRIficed in
That CHaRActer instead of The reAl ministerS, Their masTers, wHo purchaSed
for a suM OF money thE prIviLegE of THUs Dying by proxy. SUCH vicArIous
sacRifIces werE wiTneSseD by caTholic misSionarieS aT POrTo novO on thE
slave CoaSt.(358)

(m91) A vEsTigE of a pRActice Of putTing ThE kINg tO death aT ThE ENd of A
yEaR's reIgn ApPears To haVE suRvived iN the festiVal CAlleD MAcAhity,
whIch used to be ceLeBrated in HaWaIi dUring tHE Last montH of the year.
About a hundred YEars ago A RuSsian VoyaGer descriBed The cusTom AS
folloWs: "The tAboo MAcAhiTY Is not UNLiKe tO oUr festival OF chrIstmaS.
IT conTinues a Whole month, during whICh tHe people amuse TheMselVES wIth
DAnCEs, pLaYS, anD SHam-fights of everY kind. The kiNg MUsT open this
fEStiVaL wherevEr he is. ON this OCcasion His majestY dresses hImSelf IN
His Richest cloAk and helMet, and is pADd

Assyrian kings had, likethat of th e Bab ylo nia nmona rchs , to be annual l y
re newed at this festival , wedo notk no w. Ho wever,a  t r a ceof  a n a nn u al 
tenu reof thekingly off ice  i n Assyria ma y  p erhaps, as  Dr . C. Brockel man n
thin ks ,(3 5 4) be  de tecte d in t h e rule  that anAs s yriank ing reg u l ar ly g ave
his name only to a single yearof his  r e ig n ,  wh ile  all the o th er ye a rs
were na m e d  af t er certain of ficers andp rov incial  g ove r nors,about  t h irt y
in number , wh o were ap pointe d  for th i s purpo se and  su cce eded ea ch  ot he r 
ac c or din g  to  a fixed  r ot ation .(35 5 ) B ut w e k nowtoo l ittle about t heinst i tut ion o f the  _li mu _ oreponym ate t oallow us to pre ss t his argum ent 
f oran  annu a l tenu reofthe kin gship i n  As sy r i a .( 356) A reminiscenc eo f 
Z agmuk se ems to li ng e r in the  b eli ef o f the Y ezid i sthat onNew-ye a r' sday
God  s its on  h isthr one a r rang ing th e decree s for the coming yea r ,
assigning t o  d i g ni t arie s t heir variou s of f ices , an d  d eli v ering  to t he m 
t h eir credentials und er  his s ignat ure and seal. (357)

(M9 0 ) The view  tha t  a t  Babylon the c ondem ned prison e r who wo re th e royalrobes was s lain asa s ubs tit ute f or  the king may b e su pp orted b y t he
prac tic e o f W est  A frica, wh ere at t he  f un er alof ak ing slav es  us ed 
so metim e s to b e dre ssed  u pa s m inister s  o f stat ean d th ensa crifi cedi n
t hat cha racter in ste a d of  t he  real m inisters, the ir  masters,wh o p urchas e d 
for a s um of money the privile g e of th usdying  byproxy. Su chvicari ous sacrif ices w ere w it nes s e d byC a th oli cmissionari e s  at  Port oNovo  on the 
Slave Coast.(358) 
(M 91) A vestige  of  a p r a ct ice of put ti n g t h e  king to deathat the end  o f  a 
year's re i gnap pears t o havesurvi v ed in t he festiv al called  M acah i t y,which used  to be c elebrated in Ha w ai i dur ing  the l as t m onthof the yea r.
Ab out ahu ndredyears  a go a Rus sian voyager describedthe cu stomasfollows:"Th e  ta boo Macah ityis not unl ike  to  ourfes t ivalof C h ri stm a s.
It  con t inues a w h ol e m o n th , during wh i c h  th e peo ple amusethem selves with
dance s , plays, and s ham- f i ght s o f  eve ry  kind. The kin g m us t open thi sfestival wh erever h ei s. On  thisoccasi on hism a je s ty dre sses  hi mself inhis  r i chest c lo ak and he lmet ,and is  padd

Assyrian kings_had, like_that of the Babylonian_monarchs, to_be_annually
renewed at_this_festival, we do_not know. However,_a trace of an_annual
tenure of the_kingly_office in Assyria may perhaps, as Dr. C. Brockelmann
thinks,(354) be detected in the rule_that_an Assyrian_king_regularly_gave
his name only to a_single year of his reign,_while all_the other years
were named after certain officers and_provincial_governors, about thirty
in_number, who were appointed for this purpose and succeeded_each other
according to a fixed rotation.(355)_But we know_too_little_about the
institution of the__limu_ or eponymate to allow us_to press this argument
for an annual_tenure of the kingship in Assyria.(356) A_reminiscence of
Zagmuk seems to linger in_the belief of the Yezidis_that on_New-year's day
God sits on his_throne arranging the_decrees for_the coming year,
assigning_to dignitaries their various offices, and_delivering to them
their_credentials under his signature and seal.(357)

(M90)_The_view that at_Babylon_the_condemned prisoner_who wore the_royal
robes_was slain_as_a substitute for the king may_be_supported by the
practice of West Africa, where_at the funeral of_a_king slaves used
sometimes to_be dressed up as ministers_of state and then sacrificed in
that_character instead_of the_real ministers, their masters, who purchased
for a sum of money the_privilege of thus dying by proxy._Such vicarious
sacrifices were witnessed_by Catholic_missionaries_at Porto Novo_on_the
Slave Coast.(358)

(M91)_A vestige of a practice of putting_the king_to death at the end of_a
year's reign appears to_have_survived in the festival called Macahity,
which_used to be celebrated in Hawaii_during the last month of_the_year.
About_a hundred years ago a_Russian voyager described the custom as
follows:_"The taboo Macahity_is not unlike to our festival of_Christmas.
It_continues a whole month, during which_the_people amuse themselves with
dances, plays, and_sham-fights_of_every kind. The king must_open this
festival wherever he is. On_this occasion his majesty dresses himself in
his richest cloak_and helmet, and_is padd