ruits and vegetables and surrounded by numbers of game animals, or
dwelling beside streams which were filled with easily taken fish,
probably found the question of subsistence one of minor importance. The
coming on of the Glacial Age made this question one of major importance.
The supply of fruits and vegetable substances was greatly decreased by
the biting chill, and the number of food animals was correspondingly
reduced; while through much of the year the effects of frost drove the
fish from the streams, and cut off effectually this source of food. Man
was brought into a situation in which only the most active exertion of
his powers of thought could preserve him from annihilation.

He now found the exercise of the art of hunting more difficult than ever
before, one that needed a new development of courage, cunning,
alertness, and endurance, the scarcity of animals obliging him to make
long journeys and attack the strongest creatures. Whether or not he
possessed the poisoned arrow, which the Pygmies now find so effective,
cannot be said, but in all probability he was forced to invent new and
more destructive weapons, a necessity that gave fresh exercise to his
powers of invention. So far as our actual knowledge goes, the art of
chipping stones into weapons and implements was not possessed before
this period, and it may have been a result of the severe exigencies of
the situation and the mental stimulation thence resulting. This art is
not possessed by any of the Pygmies, the nearest approach to it being
the splitting of stone by fire and using the splinters as weapons. Very
likely preglacial man was similarly destitute of this art.

Under the severe strain of the glacial conditions the weak and incapable
doubtless succumbed to the cold and deficiency of food; the strong and
capable survived, gained superior powers, devised new weapons and
implements, and became adapted to a new and decidedly adverse situation.
From long depending, in considerable measure, on his physical powers,
man came to trust more fully than before in his mental faculties, the
result being a much greater variation in the size and activity of his
brain than in other portions of his physical structure. While it had
become more difficult to find and capture food animals, he was at the
same time in greater danger from carnivorous beasts, which were forced
by partial starvation to overcome their dread of
ruits and vegetables and surrounded by numbers of game animal, or 
 populate beside streams which were filled with well taken pisces, 
 probably found the doubt of subsistence one of minor importance. The 
 coming on of the Glacial Age made this doubt one of major importance. 
 The supply of fruits and vegetable substance was greatly decreased by 
 the biting frisson, and the number of food animals was correspondingly 
 reduced; while through much of the year the effects of frost drove the 
 pisces from the streams, and cut off effectually this source of food. Man 
 was bring into a situation in which only the most active exertion of 
 his power of thought could preserve him from annihilation. 

 He now found the exercise of the artwork of hunting more difficult than ever 
 before, one that needed a new growth of courage, cunning, 
 alertness, and endurance, the scarcity of animals obliging him to make 
 long journeys and attack the strongest animal. Whether or not he 
 possessed the poisoned arrow, which the pygmy nowadays find so effective, 
 cannot be said, but in all probability he was pull to invent new and 
 more destructive weapons, a necessity that gave bracing exercise to his 
 powers of invention. So far as our actual knowledge goes, the art of 
 chip stones into weapons and implements was not possessed before 
 this period, and it may have been a result of the hard exigencies of 
 the situation and the mental stimulation thence resulting. This artwork is 
 not possessed by any of the Pygmies, the nearest approach to it being 
 the splitting of stone by fire and using the splinters as weapons. Very 
 likely preglacial world was similarly destitute of this artwork. 

 Under the severe strain of the glacial conditions the weak and incapable 
 doubtless yield to the cold and lack of food; the strong and 
 able survived, gained superior powers, devised modern weapons and 
 implements, and became adapted to a new and decidedly adverse situation. 
 From long depending, in considerable measure, on his physical powers, 
 serviceman came to trust more in full than before in his mental staff, the 
 result being a much greater pas seul in the size and activity of his 
 brain than in other portions of his physical structure. While it had 
 become more unmanageable to find and capture food animal, he was at the 
 like time in greater risk from carnivorous beasts, which were forced 
 by partial starvation to get the better of their dread of
ruihs and vegetables and suvrounded by numbgrw of geme anijals, or
ddelling beside streams which wwre fulled with easily takev fish,
prohably foynd uhe question of sngsistengz one lf mnnir importance. Jhe
coming on of the Glacian Xgz made this question one of major im[ortancr.
Tje supply of ftuits wnd bvgttable substances was greatly decdeased uy
the biting choll, and the number of food anilals was corresponfingly
reducgs; wrule through ouch of tht vear the efrects of frost drove the
fish frum thz streams, abd cuh off effectnally nhis source on food. Kan
was nrought into a sivuatuon in which only the most active exertyon of
his pkwers of thought xoyld pteseree hkn ffom ainigilatiln.

Hx now found the exerciwe of the art of humtybg more diffidult trag ever
before, one that needed a new devenopjent of courage, cunning,
qlertness, and enduranfe, the scwrcity of animals obliging him to make
long journefs anv xttcgh rhf strongest creatures. Whether or not he
possesfsd tme poisoned arroc, which the Pygmoed mjw find so efwectivz,
dahnot be said, but ij all ptobabioity he wws fprced to invent new and
more destructive qeapons, a necessitv that gave yresh gxercixe to his
powers of inveution. Ao far as okr actual ynowledge goes, tfe srd of
chipkkng stones into wqapons anv impkements was not pjssessed bffore
bvis period, and it lay hcve baen a resupt of the severe exigencies of
tix situation amd thv mental ftimukation thence resulting. Thix art if
not oossessed gy any mf the Pygmyes, the nearevj approach to it beind
the splutting uw stone by firr and usiuy the splunters as weapons. Yery
lkiely preglacial mab was similarly dertieune pf dhis art.

Undes thd sdfere rtrain of tme elacoal conditions the waak znd incapable
doubtkefs succunbed to ehe cold and ceficiency of food; the vtrung amd
cwpable survived, gained superiod powers, fevlsed new weapjns qnd
implementx, and became adapted to a new and decidxdly adverse situation.
Feom long depending, nn considerabke mewsure, on vis physical powers,
mqn came to trust kore fully than befors in hhs mejtal faculties, the
result being a much greater variation in the size and axtivitb jf his
brain tham in mtker portijns lh his physical stgucture. While it had
become more vifficult do find and capture food animaks, he was at thg
same time in greater dangsr from varnivorous beasts, which were fprced
by partial starvatipn to ovwrcoms theig dcead of
ruits and vegetables and surrounded by numbers animals, dwelling beside which were filled found question of subsistence of minor importance. coming on of the Glacial Age this question one of major importance. The supply of fruits and vegetable substances greatly decreased by the biting chill, and the number of food animals was reduced; through of year the effects of frost drove the fish from the streams, and cut off effectually this of food. Man was brought into a situation which only the most exertion of his powers of could him from He found exercise of the of hunting more difficult than ever before, one that needed a new development of courage, cunning, alertness, endurance, the animals obliging to long and attack the Whether or not he possessed the the Pygmies now find so effective, cannot be but in probability he was forced to invent and more destructive weapons, a necessity that gave exercise to his powers of invention. So far as our actual knowledge goes, the art stones into weapons and was not possessed this and may been a of the severe exigencies of the situation and the mental stimulation resulting. This art is not possessed by any of the nearest to it being splitting of stone by and the splinters as weapons. preglacial was this Under severe strain of the conditions the weak and incapable succumbed to the cold strong and capable survived, gained superior powers, devised weapons and implements, and became adapted to new and decidedly adverse situation. From long depending, in considerable measure, on physical powers, to trust more fully than before in his faculties, the result being much greater variation in the size and activity of brain in other of his physical While it had more difficult to capture food he at in greater danger from carnivorous beasts, were by partial starvation to overcome dread
ruits and vegetables and surrOunded by nuMbers Of gAme AnImalS, or
dWelling beside sTReamS which were filled with eaSily tAkEN fisH,
PrObablY found tHE qUEStiOn Of SubSiSTeNce onE of Minor imPortance. ThE
coMiNg on of the GlaCIaL Age made thIs qUestion one of MajOr impoRtAncE.
the suPplY of frUits anD VegetaBle substaNcES was grEAtly decREAsEd by
The biting chill, and THe NUmber of food aniMals waS cORrESPonDinGly
reduced; WhIle thROugh mucH Of THE YeaR The effects of fRost drove thE
FisH from tHe StrEAms, and Cut ofF eFFecTually this sOurcE of food. MaN
was brOUght intO A situatIon in wHicH onLy thE MoSt ActIvE ExeRTiOn oF
His Powers of ThOuGht coUld pRESERve hIm fRom aNnihiLation.

He now foUnd The eXErcIse of The arT of hUnTing mOre difFiculT tHan ever
before, onE thaT needed a nEw dEvEloPmEnt of COurage, CunNinG,
alertnEss, and eNDurAnCE, THe Scarcity of animals oBlIGInG him to maKe
long JOuRnEYs and attAcK thE strONGest cReatUReS. Whether Or not hE
PoSsEssed thE pOisoneD aRroW, whIch thE pygmIes now Find so efFectiVE,
cannot be said, bUT in all probabiLItY HE wAS forCed To invent new And
mORe deStruCTiVe wEApons, A neceSsITy THat gave fresh exercisE tO his
poWers oF invention. So fAr as our actUAL KnowledgE goeS, ThE Art of
chipping sTones Into weaponS And impleMents Was not poSsessed beFORe
this peRioD, anD it May HAVe Been a result of THE sevErE exigenCieS of
the sItuAtiOn aNd tHe Mental stiMulation ThEnCe ReSulTing. THIs art is
nOt PosSeSseD by anY Of the PYgmieS, the NeArESt aPproach TO iT BEing
ThE sPlitTinG oF stonE by fIRe aNd using The splintErs AS weaPoNs. very
likEly preglacial MaN was similaRlY deStitutE OF this art.

under the severe strain of tHE glaciaL coNditiOns tHe weak and IncApable
DouBTless sUccumbEd to tHe ColD ANd defICIeNcy Of Food; the strONG anD
capaBlE surVived, gaIned superior powers, DEviSed new weapons And
ImplEMEnTs, aND bECamE aDAptED To a new and decideDly adverse SiTUaTion.
From loNG dePeNding, in ConsideRable MEasure, oN his physiCal powers,
MaN camE TO trUst more fulLy than beFore in his MEntal FAcUltieS, thE
resulT bEinG a mucH greatER vaRiatiOn in thE sIze and ActivItY of his
brAin than in other portions oF his phYsicaL stRucture. WhIle IT haD
become moRe diFficult to fInd And CaptuRe fOOd aniMals, HE wAs aT The
saMe tiME in greateR DaNgeR FRoM carnivorouS BEAstS, whicH weRE forceD
by pArtial starvation tO Overcome their dRead OF
ruits and vegetables and s urroundedby nu mbe rsof  gam e an imals, or
dwel l ingbeside streams which w ere f il l ed w i th  easi ly take n  f i s h,pr ob abl yf ou nd th e q uestion  of subsis ten ce  one of mino r  i mportance.  Th e
coming onofthe Gl ac ial Age m ade  this  quest i on one  of major  i m portan c e.
Thes u pp ly o f fruits and vege t ab l e substances w as gre at l yd e cre ase d by
the b it ing c h ill, an d  t h e num b er of food an imals was c o rre spondi ng lyr educed ; whi le thr ough much o f th e year th e effe c ts of f r ost dro ve the 
fi shfrom th estr ea m s,a nd  cu t  of f effect ua ll y thi s so u r c e  offoo d. M an
wa s brought int o a  sit u ati on in  whic h on ly  themost a ctive  e xertion of
hispowe rs of tho ugh tcou ld  pres e rve hi m f rom  annihi lation. 
He  n o w fo und the exercise o ft h eart of h unting mo re difficul ttha n ev e r 
befo re,o ne  that ne eded a ne wdevelop me nt ofco ura ge,  cunn i ng,alertn ess, and  endu r ance, the scar c ity of animal s  o b l ig i ng h imto make
lon g jo u rney s an d  a tta c k the  stro ng e st creatures. Whetheror  not h e
pos sessed the po isoned arr o w ,  which t he P y gm i es now find so  effe ctive,
can n ot be sa id, b ut in al l probabi l i ty he wa s f orc edtoi n ve nt new and
mo r e  des tr uctivewea pons, a  ne ces sit y t ha t gave fr esh exer ci se  t ohis 
powe r s of inv en tio n.  So  fara s ouractua l kn ow le d gegoes, t h ea r t of 
c hi ppin g s to nes i ntow eap ons and  implemen tsw as n ot  p ossesse d before
this  p eriod, and  i t m ay hav e been a r esult of the severe exi g enciesofthe s itua tion andthe  menta l s t imulat ion th encere sul t i ng. T h i sart  i s
not poss e s sed  by a ny  ofthe Pyg mies, the nearesta ppr oach to it be ing 
the s pl itt i ng ofst o neb y  fire and using  the splin te r sas weapons .  Ve ry 
likely  pregla cialm an wassimilarly  destitut eof t h i s a rt.

Under  the sev ere strai n  of t h eglaci alcondit io nsthe w eak an d  in capab le
dou bt less s uccum be d to the  cold and deficiency of  food;  thestr ong and
c apa b lesurvived,  gai ned superi orpow ers,dev i sed n ew w e ap ons and
i mple m ents, and be cam e ad apted to an e w  an d dec ide d ly adv erse  situation.
Froml ong depending,  inc o nsi der a bleme asure, on hisphy si c a l powers ,man came to  trust m or e  full y than  befor e in hi s me n tal fa cult ies , the
res ult  b e ing a m uc hg reater  var ia tion i n thes izea n d activity of hi s
bra i n  than inother  p ortions of h is physica l structure . Whil e it  hadbecomemo re dif fic ul t to finda nd captur e foo d anima ls , he  wa s at t he
s a m e tim e in  g rea ter dange r fr o mca r niv orou s bea st s, w hich were forced
b y p a rtial s ta rva t i on too ve r c ome theirdre ad of 
ruits and_vegetables and_surrounded by numbers of_game animals,_or
dwelling_beside streams_which_were filled with_easily taken fish,
probably_found the question of_subsistence one of_minor_importance. The
coming on of the Glacial Age made this question one of major importance.
The_supply_of fruits_and_vegetable_substances was greatly decreased by
the_biting chill, and the number_of food_animals was correspondingly
reduced; while through much of the_year_the effects of_frost drove the
fish from the streams, and cut off_effectually this source of food. Man
was_brought into a_situation_in_which only the most_active exertion of
his powers of thought_could preserve him from annihilation.

He now_found the exercise of the art of_hunting more difficult than ever
before, one_that needed a new development_of courage,_cunning,
alertness, and endurance, the scarcity_of animals obliging_him to_make
long journeys and_attack the strongest creatures. Whether or_not he
possessed the_poisoned arrow, which the Pygmies now_find_so effective,
cannot be_said,_but_in all_probability he was_forced_to invent_new_and
more destructive weapons, a necessity that_gave_fresh exercise to his
powers of invention. So_far as our actual_knowledge_goes, the art of
chipping_stones into weapons and implements_was not possessed before
this period, and_it may_have been_a result of the severe exigencies of
the situation and the mental_stimulation thence resulting. This art is
not_possessed by any of_the Pygmies,_the_nearest approach to_it_being
the splitting_of stone by fire and using the_splinters as_weapons. Very
likely preglacial man was similarly_destitute of this art.

Under_the_severe strain of the glacial conditions_the weak and incapable
doubtless succumbed to_the cold and deficiency of_food;_the_strong and
capable survived, gained superior_powers, devised new weapons and
implements, and_became adapted to_a new and decidedly adverse situation.
From long_depending,_in considerable measure, on his physical_powers,
man_came to trust more fully than_before_in_his mental faculties, the
result being_a much greater variation in the_size and activity of his
brain than in other portions_of his physical_structure. While it had
become more_difficult_to_find and capture food animals, he was at the
same time_in greater_danger from carnivorous_beasts, which were forced
by partial starvation to overcome their dread_of