 been protested against
by the Pope's ministers, Austria was obliged to wait for her revenge
until officially summoned to invade the Legations. The long-desired
moment, brought about by the madness of the Republicans, the weakness
of the Constitutionalists, and the far-spreading intrigues of the
Austro-Jesuits, came at last. In the spring of 1849, the Pontiff
formally invoked the armed intervention of the Catholic Powers. France
undertook to reinstate him in Rome; Austria was to deal with Romagna
and the Marche.

Even the most sanguine might now be permitted to despair. Charles
Albert, the champion of Italy, who had ventured upon a second appeal
to arms, had just sustained a second overthrow. The bloody field of
Novara seemed destined to be the grave of national liberty. General
Wimpffen, at the head of 15,000 men, in all the flush and exultation
of victory, advanced against Bologna. The town had no fortifications,
and the inhabitants were without leaders, regular troops, or artillery.
Nevertheless, they refused to open their gates to the Austrians, and
resisted gallantly for ten days. No further opposition was encountered
by the enemy till they reached Ancona.

Here a few undisciplined troops and volunteers had been got together,
and the citadel put into a posture of defence. A short time before
this, the assassins had all been placed in confinement; and the
inhabitants, relieved from the palsying terror with which they had
been oppressed, gave many redeeming proofs of courage and endurance
during the four weeks of the siege. Unwilling to restore only a heap
of ruins to the Pope, the Austrians were sparing of their fire, and
contented themselves with harassing the citadel, while their ships of
war intercepted all supplies or reinforcements from entering the port.
At intervals, however, they would try the effect of more vigorous
measures; and four or five bombardments of several hours, one of a
whole night's duration, put the constancy of the Anconitans to the
test. Numbers of houses were struck, much damage to property inflicted,
many lives lost, but none shrank from danger. Even ladies of the
nobility went forth amidst falling shot and shells to continue their
ministrations to the wounded in
been protested against 
 by the Pope's ministers, Austria was obliged to wait for her retaliation 
 until formally mobilize to invade the Legations. The long - desire 
 consequence, brought about by the madness of the Republicans, the helplessness 
 of the Constitutionalists, and the far - spread intrigues of the 
 Austro - Jesuits, came at last. In the leap of 1849, the Pontiff 
 formally invoked the armed intervention of the Catholic Powers. France 
 undertake to reinstate him in Rome; Austria was to deal with Romagna 
 and the Marche. 

 Even the most sanguine might now be permitted to despair. Charles 
 Albert, the supporter of Italy, who had ventured upon a second appeal 
 to arms, had barely sustained a second overthrow. The bloody battlefield of 
 Novara seemed destined to be the grave of national liberty. General 
 Wimpffen, at the fountainhead of 15,000 men, in all the flush and exultation 
 of victory, advanced against Bologna. The town had no fortification, 
 and the inhabitants were without leaders, regular troops, or artillery. 
 Nevertheless, they refused to open their gates to the Austrians, and 
 resisted gallantly for ten day. No further opposition was encountered 
 by the foe till they reach Ancona. 

 Here a few undisciplined troops and volunteers had been get together, 
 and the citadel put into a position of defence. A short time before 
 this, the assassins had all been placed in confinement; and the 
 inhabitants, relieved from the palsying terror with which they had 
 been oppressed, give many redeeming proof of courage and endurance 
 during the four weeks of the siege. Unwilling to restore only a heap 
 of downfall to the Pope, the Austrians were sparing of their fire, and 
 contented themselves with harassing the citadel, while their ships of 
 war intercepted all supplies or strengthener from entering the interface. 
 At intervals, however, they would try the consequence of more vigorous 
 measures; and four or five barrage of several hour, one of a 
 whole nox's duration, put the constancy of the Anconitans to the 
 test. Numbers of house were struck, much wrong to property inflicted, 
 many lives lost, but none shrank from danger. Even ladies of the 
 nobility went forth amidst fall shot and shells to cover their 
 ministrations to the wounded in
 befn protested against
by tme Pope's ministets, Austrma was kbliged go wait for her revenge
until odficiqlly summoned to invadd the Legwtions. Tye libg-desired
moment, brought znout yy the madness on the Repubnicans, the weanndsd
of the Constitutionalists, and the sar-spresdlng intrigues jf tnq
Ausfgo-Mesuits, came at last. In the sprihg of 1849, uhe Pontiff
formallu invoked the armed intervfntiln of the Catholic Powers. Frabce
ugeertook to rdinstate hpk in Rome; Zustria was to deal with Romagnx
and che Marche.

Eceb tjg most sangumne midht now be pcgmitted to deslair. Charles
Alnert, vhe xhampion of Italy, who had ventured upon a second a'peal
to arms, had just systaited d sezind ovtrtiros. The hlokdy field kf
Novara sewmed destined to be trv grave of nafional lyberty. General
Wimpffen, at the head of 15,000 ken, in all the flush and ezultation
of victory, afvanced adainst Bologna. The town had no fortifications,
and dhe iihxbiuakbs wdee without leaders, regular troops, or artillery.
Nqbettmeless, they refufed to open tjeot gates to the Austrnzna, and
resisted gallwntly fjr teb days. No furyher opposition was encountwred
by the euemt till they reacheb Ancona.

Here a fgw undosciplined troops and vulunfeers had bfen got tkeether,
and the cigadvl pgt into a posture of defense. A shorv timz before
ghis, the afsassins hwd all been placed in cojfinelett; and the
lnhabitants, relieved from the peksying terrot whth which tkey hac
been oppressqd, gave many rgdeeming 'roofs of couragv and endnrance
during the four weend of the sieje. Unwillyng ro rwstore uvly a heap
of riins to tkt Pope, the Austrians were sperine of their fire, cud
xontented themsrlvds rinh iarasfhng the citagel, dhiur thekr ships of
caf inyercepted all supplias od reinforcements ftoi enteribg the pjrt.
At intervaks, however, they wokld tcy the effevt jf more vigorous
measures; and fkur or fige nombardments jf scverwl hours, oue of a
whole night's duration, put the conwtancy of the Ancobitans to the
test. Nombtrs of houses were struck, mgch damage to properry inflicted,
many kives lost, but none sgrank xrom fanger. Even ladies of the
nobility went forth amidst falling shot and shelos to rogtinue theid
minostranious co the rounvev in
been protested against by the Pope's ministers, obliged wait for revenge until officially The moment, brought about the madness of Republicans, the weakness of the Constitutionalists, the far-spreading intrigues of the Austro-Jesuits, came at last. In the spring of the Pontiff formally invoked the armed intervention of the Catholic Powers. France undertook reinstate in Austria to deal with Romagna and the Marche. Even the most sanguine might now be permitted to Charles Albert, the champion of Italy, who had upon a second appeal arms, had just sustained a overthrow. bloody field Novara destined be the grave national liberty. General Wimpffen, at the head of 15,000 men, in all the flush and exultation of advanced against town had fortifications, the were without leaders, or artillery. Nevertheless, they refused to to the Austrians, and resisted gallantly for ten No further was encountered by the enemy till reached Ancona. Here a few undisciplined troops and had been got together, and the citadel put into a posture of defence. A short this, the assassins had been placed in and inhabitants, from palsying terror which they had been oppressed, gave many redeeming proofs of courage endurance during the four weeks of the siege. Unwilling to a of ruins to Pope, the Austrians were of fire, and contented themselves the while war all or reinforcements from entering port. At intervals, however, they try the effect of or five bombardments of several hours, one of whole night's duration, put the constancy of Anconitans to the test. Numbers of houses were struck, much damage to inflicted, many but none shrank from danger. Even ladies of nobility went forth amidst shot and shells to continue their ministrations to the in
 been protested against
by the pope's minisTers, AUstRia WaS oblIged To wait for her reVEnge
Until officially summoneD to inVaDE the lEgAtionS. The lonG-DeSIRed
MoMeNt, bRoUGhT abouT by The madnEss of the RePubLiCans, the weaknESs
Of the ConstItuTionalists, anD thE far-spReAdiNG intrIguEs of tHe
AustRO-JesuiTs, came at lAsT. in the sPRing of 1849, tHE poNtifF
formally invoked tHE aRMed interventioN of the caTHoLIC PoWerS. France
undErTook tO ReinstaTE hIM IN RoME; Austria was to Deal with RomAGna
And the maRchE.

even thE most SaNGuiNe might now bE perMitted to dEspair. cHarles
ALBert, the ChampiOn oF ItAly, wHO hAd VenTuREd uPOn A seCOnd Appeal
to ArMs, Had juSt suSTAINed a SecOnd oVerthRow. The bloody fIelD of
NOVarA seemEd desTineD tO be thE grave Of natIoNal liberty. GenerAl
WiMpffen, at tHe hEaD of 15,000 MeN, in alL The fluSh aNd eXultatiOn
of vicTOry, AdVANCeD against Bologna. The ToWN HaD no fortiFicatiONs,
AnD The inhabItAntS werE WIthouT leaDErS, regular Troops, OR aRtIllery.
NEvErthelEsS, thEy rEfuseD To opEn theiR gates to The AuSTrians, and
resisTEd gallantly foR TeN DAyS. no fuRthEr oppositioN was ENcouNterED
bY thE Enemy Till tHeY ReAChed Ancona.

Here a few uNdIsciplIned tRoops and volunTeers had beEN GOt togethEr,
anD ThE Citadel put into A postUre of defenCE. A short tIme beFore
this, The assassINS had all bEen PlaCed In cONFiNement; and the
iNHAbitAnTs, relieVed From the PalSyiNg tErrOr With which They had
bEeN oPpReSseD, gave MAny redeeMiNg pRoOfs Of couRAge and EndurAnce
DuRiNG thE four weEKs OF The sIeGe. unwiLliNg To resTore ONly A heap
of Ruins to thE PoPE, the auStRians weRe sparing of thEiR fire, and
coNtEntEd themSELves with Harassing the citadel, whilE Their shIps Of
war InteRcepted alL suPplies Or rEInforcEments From eNtEriNG The poRT.
at IntErVals, howeveR, THey Would TrY the Effect oF more vigorous
measuREs; aNd four or five bOmbArdmENTs Of sEVeRAl hOuRS, onE OF a
whole night's duRation, put tHe COnStancy of thE ancOnItans to The
test. numbeRS of housEs were strUck, much daMaGe to PROpeRty inflictEd,
many liVes lost, buT None sHRaNk froM daNger. EvEn LadIes of The
nobILitY went Forth aMiDst falLing sHoT and shelLs to continue their
ministRationS to thE woUnded in
 been protested against
by  the Pope' s min ist ers ,Aust riawas obliged to wait  for her revenge
until  offi ci a llys um moned  to inv a de t heLe ga tio ns .  T he lo ng- desired 
moment, b rou gh t about by t h emadness of  th e Republican s,the we ak nes s 
of t heConst itutio n alists , and the  f a r-spre a ding in t r ig uesof the
Austro-Jes u it s , came at last . In t he sp r i ngof1849, thePo ntiff formall y  i n v o ked the armed int ervention o f  th e Cath ol icP owers.  Fran ce und ertook to r eins tate himin Rom e ; Austr i a was t o deal  wi thRoma g na 
a ndth e  Ma r ch e.Eve n the mo st  s angui ne m i g h t  now  be  per mitte d to despair.  Ch arle s 
Al bert,  thecham pi on of  Italy , who  h ad ventured upo n asecond ap pea ltoar ms, h a d just  su sta ined asecondo ver th r o w .The bloody field o fN o va ra seeme d dest i ne dt o be the  g rav e of n ation al l i be rty. Gen eral
W i mp ff en, atth e head  o f 1 5,0 00 me n , in  all t he flush  ande xultation
of v i ctory, advanc e da g ai n st B olo gna. The to wn h a d no  for t if ica t ions, 
andth e  i n habitants were with ou t lead ers,regular troop s, or arti l l e ry.
Neve rthe l es s , they refused  to o pen theirg ates tothe A ustrians , and
res i s ted gall ant lyfor  te n da ys. No furthe r oppo si tion wa s e ncounte red 
by  th e e ne my till t hey reac he dAn co na. 

Her e  a few u nd isc ip lin ed tr o ops an d vol unte er sh adbeen go t  t o g ethe r, 
a nd t heci tadel  put int o a pos ture of d efe n ce.Ash ort tim e before
this ,the assass in s h ad all b een plac ed in confinement; andt he
inha bit ants,  rel ieved fro m t he pal syi n g terr or wit h whi ch  th e y  hadb e en  op pr essed, gav e man y red ee ming  proofs  of courage and en d ura nce
during th e f ourw e ek s o f  t h e s ie g e.U n willing to rest ore only a  h e ap 
of ruinst o t he  Pope,the Aus trian s  were s paring of  their fi re , an d con tented the mselveswith hara s singt he  cita del , whil ethe ir sh ips of war  inte rcepte dall su pplie sor reinf orcements from entering  the p ort.Atintervals , h o wev er, theywoul d try theeff ect  of m ore vigor ousm ea sur e s; an d fo u r or five bo mba r d me nts of seve r a l  ho urs,one of a
w hole  night's duration ,  put the const ancy o f t heA ncon it ans to the
tes t.Nu m b ers of h ou ses were st ruck, mu ch damag e to p ropert y infli c t ed , 
manylive s l ost, butnon es hrank f ro md anger.  Eve nladies  of th e 
nob i l ity went forth a midst f allin g  sh ot an dshellst o co ntinue the ir
ministra tionsto t he wo unded i n
 been_protested against
by_the Pope's ministers, Austria_was obliged_to_wait for_her_revenge
until officially summoned_to invade the_Legations. The long-desired
moment, brought_about by the_madness_of the Republicans, the weakness
of the Constitutionalists, and the far-spreading intrigues of the
Austro-Jesuits, came_at_last. In_the_spring_of 1849, the Pontiff
formally invoked_the armed intervention of the_Catholic Powers._France
undertook to reinstate him in Rome; Austria was_to_deal with Romagna
and_the Marche.

Even the most sanguine might now be permitted_to despair. Charles
Albert, the champion of_Italy, who had_ventured_upon_a second appeal
to arms,_had just sustained a second overthrow._The bloody field of
Novara seemed destined_to be the grave of national liberty._General
Wimpffen, at the head of 15,000_men, in all the flush_and exultation
of_victory, advanced against Bologna. The_town had no_fortifications,
and the_inhabitants were without_leaders, regular troops, or artillery.
Nevertheless, they_refused to open_their gates to the Austrians, and
resisted_gallantly_for ten days._No_further_opposition was_encountered
by the enemy_till_they reached_Ancona.

Here_a few undisciplined troops and volunteers_had_been got together,
and the citadel put into_a posture of defence._A_short time before
this, the_assassins had all been placed_in confinement; and the
inhabitants, relieved from_the palsying_terror with_which they had
been oppressed, gave many redeeming proofs of courage and_endurance
during the four weeks of the_siege. Unwilling to restore_only a_heap
of_ruins to the_Pope,_the Austrians_were sparing of their fire, and
contented themselves_with harassing_the citadel, while their ships of
war_intercepted all supplies or_reinforcements_from entering the port.
At intervals, however,_they would try the effect of_more vigorous
measures; and four or_five_bombardments_of several hours, one of_a
whole night's duration, put the constancy_of the Anconitans_to the
test. Numbers of houses were struck,_much_damage to property inflicted,
many lives lost,_but_none shrank from danger. Even ladies_of_the
nobility_went forth amidst falling shot_and shells to continue their
ministrations to_the wounded in