landers
said to Holm, 'to keep the dead from being angry;' whence we see what
a powerful influence over this life they attribute to the departed.
There is, therefore, nothing improbable in the theory that the whole
belief in the tornat and tornarssuk may have developed from this fear.
In process of time, however, other kinds of superstition have doubtless
come to play a part in the matter.

The Greenlanders believe in a whole host of other supernatural beings.
Of these I can only mention a few.

Marine animals are under the sway of a gigantic woman whom some call
'the nameless one,' others _Arnarkuagssak_, which simply means 'the old
woman.'

Her dwelling is under the sea, where she sits beside a lamp under which,
as under all Greenland lamps, there is a saucer or stand to catch
the dripping train-oil. In this saucer whole flocks of sea-birds are
swimming, and out of it proceed all the sea animals, such as the seal,
the walrus, and the narwhal. When certain impurities gather in her
hair, she keeps the sea animals away from the coasts, or they remain
away of their own accord, attracted by the impurities; and it is then
the angekok's difficult duty to seek her out and appease or comb her.
The way to her abode is perilous, and the angekok must have his tornak
with him. First he passes through the lovely land of spirits in the
under-world; then he comes to a great abyss, which he can cross only (by
the help of the tornak) on a large wheel as smooth as ice, and whirling
rapidly. Then he passes a boiling cauldron with live seals in it; then
either through a dangerous picket of angry seals who stand erect and
bite on every side, or else past a huge dog which stands outside the
woman's house, and gives warning when a great angekok approaches. This
dog takes only a few winks of sleep every now and then, and one must
be ready to seize the opportunity; but this only the highest angekoks
can manage. Here, again, the tornak must take the angekok by the hand;
the entrance is wide enough, but the
landers 
 said to Holm,' to keep the dead from being angry;' whence we visualize what 
 a brawny influence over this life they attribute to the departed. 
 There be, therefore, nothing improbable in the theory that the unharmed 
 belief in the tornat and tornarssuk may have developed from this concern. 
 In procedure of time, however, early kinds of superstition have doubtless 
 come to play a part in the topic. 

 The Greenlanders believe in a whole server of other supernatural beings. 
 Of these I can merely mention a few. 

 Marine animals are under the sway of a gigantic womanhood whom some call 
' the nameless one,' others _ Arnarkuagssak _, which simply means' the old 
 charwoman.' 

 Her dwelling is under the sea, where she sits beside a lamp under which, 
 as under all Greenland lamps, there is a saucer or digest to catch 
 the dripping train - oil. In this saucer whole flocks of sea - birds are 
 swimming, and out of it proceed all the sea animals, such as the seal, 
 the walrus, and the narwhal. When certain impurities gather in her 
 hair, she keeps the ocean animal away from the coasts, or they remain 
 aside of their own accord, attracted by the impurities; and it is then 
 the angekok's unmanageable duty to seek her out and propitiate or comb her. 
 The way to her abode is parlous, and the angekok must have his tornak 
 with him. First he passes through the lovely land of spirits in the 
 under - world; then he comes to a great abyss, which he can cross only (by 
 the help of the tornak) on a big wheel equally legato as ice, and whirling 
 rapidly. Then he passes a boiling caldron with live seals in it; then 
 either through a dangerous picket of angry seals who stand erect and 
 bite on every side, or else past a huge dog which stand outside the 
 woman's sign of the zodiac, and gives warning when a bang-up angekok approaches. This 
 frump takes merely a few winks of rest every now and then, and one must 
 be ready to seize the opportunity; but this entirely the highest angekoks 
 can pull off. Here, again, the tornak must take the angekok by the handwriting; 
 the entrance is wide enough, but the
lanfers
said to Holm, 'to keep the dead from ywing aigry;' whsnce we ree what
a powerful influence ocer tyis life they attributd to the feparted.
Rhert is, therefore, novging imixobabmc in chx theory that tme whole
belhef in the tortag cnd tornarssuk may have developed frjm this ffar.
In process jf tpmq, hosvvtr, other kinds of superstition habe doubuless
come to play s part in the matter.

The Grfenlwnders believe in w whole hosj of ither supernxtural beings.
Of these J can only mention a few.

Marine xnimaks are undgx thf sway of a jigantpc woman whom some canl
'the nsmeless one,' otmers _Ernaekuagssak_, which simplb means 'the old
woman.'

Rer dwellhny is under the sea, whwrw she sitv berude a makp under whmch,
as under all Greenlqnd lamps, there is s fqucer or stans to cwtsh
the dripping train-oil. In this saucer fhome flocks of sea-birds aee
swimming, and out of it proceqd all the sea animals, such as the seal,
the walrus, and vhd ncvrfql. When certain impurities gather in her
hair, shq ktepx the sea animcls away from thr fosfts, or they rgmain
awcg kf their own accorf, attrasted vy the imkuritoes; and it is then
the angekik's difficuln dury to seek her out and appeasz or cpmb hrr.
The way to her abode ns perjlous, and tje angekoi must have his turnsk
fith him. First he passes trrough thx lovzly land of xpiritf in the
unfer-wovnd; then he comes tl a gteat atyss, which he can cross only (by
the help oh the tornak) pn a narge whzel as smooth as icq, and whirling
tapidly. Tken he passes a goiling cauldron wyth live sealv in it; then
emther thrjugh a dqngerour picket of angty seals cko stand wrect and
bite on eyery rjde, or else pasc q huge dog whicn sganqs ontsidq the
woman's hmuse, ana giver warning wmen a gteat angekok approacves. Fhis
dog takes only a few winjs of slqep every now and then, and one lust
bx readb to srizg the opportunity; but this only the highfst angekoks
can manqge. Here, agann, the tornak must take the angekok by tie hand;
the entrance is qide enough, but the
landers said to Holm, 'to keep the being whence we what a powerful attribute the departed. There therefore, nothing improbable the theory that the whole belief the tornat and tornarssuk may have developed from this fear. In process of however, other kinds of superstition have doubtless come to play a part in matter. Greenlanders in whole host of other supernatural beings. Of these I can only mention a few. Marine animals under the sway of a gigantic woman whom call 'the nameless one,' _Arnarkuagssak_, which simply means 'the woman.' dwelling is the where sits beside a under which, as under all Greenland lamps, there is a saucer or stand to catch the dripping In this flocks of are and of it proceed sea animals, such as the seal, the narwhal. When certain impurities gather in her she keeps sea animals away from the coasts, they remain away of their own accord, attracted the impurities; and it is then the angekok's difficult duty to seek her out and comb her. The way her abode is and angekok have tornak with First he passes through the lovely land of spirits in the then he comes to a great abyss, which he can (by help of the on a large wheel smooth ice, and whirling rapidly. passes boiling seals it; either through a dangerous of angry seals who stand and bite on every huge dog which stands outside the woman's house, gives warning when a great angekok approaches. dog takes only a few winks of sleep every now and then, one must to seize the opportunity; but this only the angekoks can manage. Here, the tornak must take the angekok by the hand; entrance wide enough, the
landers
said to Holm, 'to keep thE dead from bEing aNgrY;' whEnCe we See wHat
a powerful inFLuenCe over this life they attrIbute To THe dePArTed.
ThEre is, thEReFORe, nOtHiNg iMpRObAble iN thE theory That the whoLe
bElIef in the tornAT aNd tornarssUk mAy have develoPed From thIs FeaR.
in proCesS of tiMe, howeVEr, otheR kinds of sUpERstitiON have doUBTlEss
cOme to play a part in tHE mATter.

The GreenlaNders bElIEvE IN a wHolE host of othEr SuperNAtural bEInGS.
oF thESe I can only menTion a few.

MarINe aNimals ArE unDEr the sWay of A gIGanTic woman whoM somE call
'the nAmelesS One,' otheRS _ArnarkUagssaK_, whIch SimpLY mEaNs 'tHe OLd
wOMaN.'

HeR DweLling is uNdEr The seA, wheRE SHE sitS beSide A lamp Under which,
as uNdeR all gReeNland Lamps, TherE iS a sauCer or sTand tO cAtch
the dripping TraiN-oil. In thiS saUcEr wHoLe floCKs of seA-biRds Are
swimMing, and OUt oF iT PROcEed all the sea animalS, sUCH aS the seal,
The walRUs, AnD The narwhAl. wheN cerTAIn impUritIEs Gather in Her
haiR, ShE kEeps the SeA animaLs AwaY frOm the COastS, or theY remain
aWay of THeir own accord, aTTracted by the iMPuRITiES; and It iS then
the angEkok'S DiffIculT DuTy tO Seek hEr out AnD ApPEase or comb her.
The way To Her aboDe is pErilous, and the Angekok musT HAVe his torNak
wITh HIm. First he passeS throUgh the loveLY land of sPiritS in the
unDer-world; tHEN he comes To a GreAt aBysS, WHiCh he can cross oNLY (by
tHe Help of tHe tOrnak) on A laRge WheEl aS sMooth as icE, and whirLiNg
RaPiDly. then hE Passes a bOiLinG cAulDron wITh live Seals In it; ThEn
EIthEr throuGH a DANgerOuS pIckeT of AnGry seAls wHO stAnd erecT and
bite oN evERy siDe, Or Else pasT a huge dog whicH sTands outsiDe The
Woman's HOUse, and giVes warning when a great angEKok apprOacHes. ThIs
doG takes onlY a fEw winkS of SLeep evEry now And thEn, And ONE must
BE ReAdy To Seize the opPORtuNity; bUt This Only the Highest angekoks
can MAnaGe. Here, again, thE toRnak MUSt TakE ThE AngEkOK by THE hand;
the entrancE is wide enoUgH, BuT the
landers
said to Holm, 'tokeep the d ead f rom  be in g an gry; ' whence we se e  wha t
a powerful influence  over  t h is l i fe  they  attrib u te t o t he  d epa rt e d. 
Ther e i s, ther efore, not hin gimprobable i n  t he theorytha t the wholebel ief in  t het ornat  an d tor narssu k  may h ave devel op e d from this fe a r .In p rocess of time, h o we v er, other kind s of s up e rs t i tio n h ave doubtl es s
com e  to pla y  a p a rti n the matter. 

The Green l and ers be li eve in a w holeho s t o f other sup erna tural bei ngs.
O f  theseI  can on ly men tio n a  few . 
Ma rin ea nim a ls  ar e  un der thesw ay  of a  gig a n t i c wo man  who m som e call
'the n ame less one ,' ot hers_Arn ar kuags sak_,which  s imply means 'th e ol d
woman.' 

H er  dw el lingi s unde r t hesea, wh ere she sit sb e s id e a lamp under whi ch , as  under a ll Gre e nl an d  lamps,th ere  isa sauce r or st and to c atch
t h edr ippingtr ain-oi l.  In  th is sa u cerwholeflocks o f sea - birds are
swim m ing, and outo fi t  p r ocee d a ll the seaanim a ls,such as  th e  seal ,
the  w a lr u s, and the narwhal.  W hen ce rtain  impurities g ather in h e r hair, sh e ke e ps the sea animal s awa y from the coasts,or th ey remai n
away of t heir own  ac cor d,att r a ct ed by the imp u r itie s;  and it  is  then
t heang eko k's  d ifficultduty tose ek  h er  ou t and appeaseor  co mb  he r.
Th e  way t o her  abo de  i s  pe rilous, an d thean ge kokmus thavehist orn ak
with  him. Fir sth e pa ss es  throug h the lovelyla nd of spir it s i n theu n der-worl d; then he comes to a g r eat aby ss,  whic h he  can cros s o nly (b y
t h e help  of th e tor na k)o n  a la r g ewhe el  as smooth a s i ce, a nd  whi rling
r apidly. Then he pa s ses  a boiling ca uld ronw i th  li v es eal si n i t ;  then
either th rough a da ng e ro us picketo f a ng ry seal s who s tande rect an d
bite on  every si de , or e lse  past a hu ge dog w hich stan d s out s id e the 
wo man'sho use , and  gives war ningwhen a  g reat a ngeko kapproach es. This
dog takes only  a few  wink s o f sleep e ver y  no w and the n, a nd one mus t
b e r eadytos eizetheo pp ort u nity;  but this only th e h i g he st angekoks c a n m anage . H e re, ag ain,  the tornak mustt ake the angeko k by t hehan d ;
th eentrance is wi deen o u gh, butth e
landers
said to_Holm, 'to_keep the dead from_being angry;'_whence_we see_what
a_powerful influence over_this life they_attribute to the departed.
There_is, therefore, nothing_improbable_in the theory that the whole
belief in the tornat and tornarssuk may have developed_from_this fear.
In_process_of_time, however, other kinds of_superstition have doubtless
come to play_a part_in the matter.

The Greenlanders believe in a whole_host_of other supernatural_beings.
Of these I can only mention a few.

Marine animals_are under the sway of a_gigantic woman whom_some_call
'the_nameless one,' others _Arnarkuagssak_,_which simply means 'the old
woman.'

Her dwelling_is under the sea, where she_sits beside a lamp under which,
as under_all Greenland lamps, there is a_saucer or stand to catch
the_dripping train-oil._In this saucer whole flocks_of sea-birds are
swimming,_and out_of it proceed_all the sea animals, such as_the seal,
the walrus,_and the narwhal. When certain impurities_gather_in her
hair, she_keeps_the_sea animals_away from the_coasts,_or they_remain
away_of their own accord, attracted by_the_impurities; and it is then
the angekok's difficult_duty to seek her_out_and appease or comb_her.
The way to her abode_is perilous, and the angekok must_have his_tornak
with him._First he passes through the lovely land of spirits in the
under-world;_then he comes to a great_abyss, which he can_cross only_(by
the_help of the_tornak)_on a_large wheel as smooth as ice, and_whirling
rapidly. Then_he passes a boiling cauldron with_live seals in it;_then
either_through a dangerous picket of angry_seals who stand erect and
bite on_every side, or else past_a_huge_dog which stands outside the
woman's_house, and gives warning when a_great angekok approaches._This
dog takes only a few winks of_sleep_every now and then, and one_must
be_ready to seize the opportunity; but_this_only_the highest angekoks
can manage. Here,_again, the tornak must take the_angekok by the hand;
the entrance is wide enough, but_the