 sentence is prophetic:—“The British Government foresees
that if the present system is persevered in, fresh disturbances
must be expected to take place in the Papal States, of a character
progressively more and more serious, and that out of those disturbances
may spring complications dangerous to the peace of Europe.”[11]

The English minister needed but to have appealed to the events
which had transpired during his stay in Rome to give weight to his
assertions. The Austrian troops had scarcely been withdrawn when
the Romagne began to demand the unreserved accomplishment of the
promised reforms. Meetings were held in their principal towns, the
representatives of the Five Powers were memorialized, and deputations
sent to the Pope. But in vain. After a few months of growing irritation
and suspicion, the tri- flag was raised in several towns of the
four Legations and the Marches. Upon this, the pontifical troops, who
had been collecting in the vicinity for some time previous, attacked
Forli and Cesena, while Austria a second time poured an army across the
Po for the reduction of the country.

Ancona soon afterwards (February, 1832) received a French garrison.
Jealous of the position assumed by Austria in Italy, this measure was
resolved upon by France to counterbalance that ascendancy. This joint
military occupation of the two nations lasted until the end of 1838.
The tears shed by the Anconitans on the departure of the French were
significant of their forebodings for the future. Evil indeed must be
the condition of a people who prefer foreign occupation to their own
sovereign's rule.

The period that followed, until the death of Gregory XVI., was, indeed,
dark. The clergy, ignorant, grasping, and corrupt, monopolized almost
every channel to emolument or advancement. Ministers, judges, heads of
colleges, directors of hospitals, governors of towns—all were prelates;
a few, indeed, had not received the tonsure, and were free to marry,
on giving up their appointments; but the cases in which the advantages
accruing from celibacy and the clerical habit were renounced, are of
rare occurrence.[12] The introduction of railways, evening schools for
the working-classes, and scientific congresses, were all systematically
opp
sentence is prophetic:—“The British Government foresees 
 that if the present system is persevered in, fresh disturbance 
 must be expect to take place in the Papal States, of a character 
 increasingly more and more serious, and that out of those disturbances 
 may spring complicatedness dangerous to the peace of Europe. ”[11 ] 

 The English minister needed but to have appeal to the events 
 which had transpired during his arrest in Rome to give weight to his 
 assertions. The Austrian troops had barely been withdrawn when 
 the Romagne began to demand the unreserved accomplishment of the 
 promised reform. Meetings were held in their principal town, the 
 representatives of the Five Powers were memorialized, and deputations 
 sent to the Pope. But in vain. After a few calendar month of growing irritation 
 and suspicion, the tri- flag was raised in respective towns of the 
 four Legations and the Marches. Upon this, the pontifical troops, who 
 had been collecting in the vicinity for some time previous, assail 
 Forli and Cesena, while Austria a second prison term poured an army across the 
 Po for the reduction of the country. 

 Ancona soon afterwards (February, 1832) received a French garrison. 
 Jealous of the position assumed by Austria in Italy, this bill was 
 resolved upon by France to counterbalance that dominance. This joint 
 military occupation of the two nation survive until the end of 1838. 
 The tears spill by the Anconitans on the departure of the French were 
 significant of their forebodings for the future. Evil indeed must be 
 the circumstance of a people who prefer foreign occupation to their own 
 sovereign's rule. 

 The period that followed, until the death of Gregory XVI. , was, indeed, 
 dark. The clergy, ignorant, grasping, and corrupt, monopolized almost 
 every channel to emolument or promotion. Ministers, judge, heads of 
 colleges, directors of hospitals, governors of township — all were prelates; 
 a few, indeed, had not received the tonsure, and were free to marry, 
 on grant up their appointments; but the cases in which the advantages 
 accrue from celibacy and the clerical substance abuse were renounced, are of 
 rare occurrence.[12 ] The introduction of railways, evening schools for 
 the working - classes, and scientific congress, were all systematically 
 opp
 sejtence is prophetic:—“The Bvitish Governmenj doresexs
that jf the pfesent system is persevered mn, feesh eisturbances
must be exoected to take plqce mn the Papal Stavss, of a charadber
prmjressively more and more verious, and thdt obt of those disturbances
may spring cjmplicayilns dangerous jo tht pqace of Europe.”[11]

The English minister neesed but to have appesled to the events
which haf trwnspired during hid stay in Rime ei give weighg to his
assertions. The Austrian troops had scarcely bden wnthdrawn whgu
rhe Tomagne begai to dvmand the unrcxerved accompkishment of thc
prommsed reforms. Meetings werx held in their prinsipal towts, the
representativws of tve Fhve Oiwefs sece jemoriwlived, and dephtations
senr to the Pope. But im dqin. After a fsw monehf of growing irritation
and suspicion, tht tri- flag was raised in sevwral towns of the
four Legationf and the Marches. Upon this, the pontifical troops, who
hed betn colldxtlng in the vicinity for some time previous, atezclec
Forli and Cescna, while Austria s devjnd time pourgd an axjy across the
Po for hhe redoction of the cjuntty.

Ancona soon afterwards (Fevruary, 1832) recepved a French garrison.
Lealous of tke posotion assumed by Austria in Ntaly, fhis measurf was
resomxed upon by Franze no cmunterbalance that ascendagcy. This ooint
kilitarh ocvupatijn of the hwo nations lasted until the gnd of 1838.
The tears shed by the Anconitans on the vxparture of tne Frvnch were
figninicant of their forebodings fpr the yuture. Evil indevd must bx
the conditijn of a peopla who prefer horeign oscupqtiob to thdkr own
sovereigm's rule.

Thv keriod thar followed, until tme dexfh of Gregory XRN., qas, indeed,
dark. Yhe clqrhy, idtorant, grasphng, xnd vorruot, monokjllzea alkost
every channel to emomument or advancemrnb. Ministets, judges, heads of
collrges, directors of jospivals, guvernprs of towns—all were prelates;
a fes, indeed, jad not receiveq thc togsure, and cere free to marry,
on giving up their appiintments; but the xases in which the cdyantages
accrning fwom celibdcy and the clerical habit were renoukced, are of
rare occurrsnce.[12] Tve inhroduction of railways, evening schools for
the working-classes, and scientifuc conjrqsses, were zll xystekacicclly
opp
sentence is prophetic:—“The British Government foresees that present is persevered fresh disturbances must in Papal States, of character progressively more more serious, and that out of disturbances may spring complications dangerous to the peace of Europe.”[11] The English minister but to have appealed to the events which had transpired during his stay Rome give to assertions. The Austrian troops had scarcely been withdrawn when the Romagne began to demand the unreserved of the promised reforms. Meetings were held in principal towns, the representatives the Five Powers were memorialized, deputations to the But vain. a few months growing irritation and suspicion, the tri- flag was raised in several towns of the four Legations and Marches. Upon pontifical troops, had collecting the vicinity for previous, attacked Forli and Cesena, while time poured an army across the Po for reduction of country. Ancona soon afterwards (February, 1832) a French garrison. Jealous of the position assumed Austria in Italy, this measure was resolved upon by France to counterbalance that ascendancy. This occupation of the two lasted until the of The shed the Anconitans the departure of the French were significant of their forebodings for future. Evil indeed must be the condition of a people foreign to their own rule. The period that until death of Gregory XVI., dark. clergy, corrupt, almost channel to emolument or Ministers, judges, heads of colleges, of hospitals, governors of indeed, had not received the tonsure, and were to marry, on giving up their appointments; the cases in which the advantages accruing from celibacy and the clerical were renounced, rare occurrence.[12] The introduction of railways, evening schools the working-classes, and scientific were all systematically opp
 sentence is prophetic:—“The BriTish GovernMent fOreSeeS
tHat iF the Present system iS PersEvered in, fresh disturbanCes
muSt BE expECtEd to tAke placE In THE PaPaL STatEs, OF a CharaCteR
progreSsively morE anD mOre serious, anD ThAt out of thoSe dIsturbances
mAy sPring cOmPliCAtionS daNgeroUs to thE Peace oF Europe.”[11]

ThE ENGlish mINister nEEDeD but To have appealed to tHE eVEnts
which had trAnspirEd DUrING hiS stAy in Rome to GiVe weiGHt to his
ASsERTIonS. the Austrian trOops had scarCEly Been wiThDraWN when
tHe RomAgNE beGan to demand The uNreserved AccompLIshment OF the
proMised rEfoRms. meetINgS wEre HeLD in THeIr pRIncIpal townS, tHe
RepreSentATIVEs of The five powerS were memorialIzeD, and DEpuTatioNs
senT to tHe pope. BUt in vaIn. AftEr A few months of groWing IrritatioN
anD sUspIcIon, thE Tri- flaG waS raIsed in sEveral tOWns Of THE
FoUr Legations and the MArCHEs. upon this, The ponTIfIcAL troops, wHo
Had Been COLlectIng iN ThE vicinitY for soME tImE previoUs, AttackEd
forLi aNd CesENa, whIle AusTria a secOnd tiME poured an army aCRoss the
Po for tHE rEDUcTIon oF thE country.

AncOna sOOn afTerwARdS (FeBRuary, 1832) ReceiVeD A FREnch garrison.
Jealous Of The posItion Assumed by AustRia in Italy, THIS measure Was
rESoLVed upon by FrancE to coUnterbalanCE that ascEndanCy. This joInt
militaRY OccupatiOn oF thE twO naTIOnS lasted until tHE End oF 1838.
THe tears SheD by the ANcoNitAns On tHe Departure Of the FreNcH wErE
sIgnIficaNT of their FoRebOdIngS for tHE futurE. Evil IndeEd MuST be
The condITiON Of a pEoPlE who PreFeR foreIgn oCCupAtion to Their own
sOveREign'S rUlE.

The perIod that followEd, Until the deAtH of gregorY xvI., was, indEed,
dark. The clergy, ignoranT, GraspinG, anD corrUpt, mOnopolizeD alMost
evEry CHannel To emolUment Or AdvANCemenT. mInIstErS, judges, heaDS Of
cOllegEs, DireCtors of Hospitals, governors OF toWns—all were preLatEs;
a fEW, InDeeD, HaD Not ReCEivED The tonsure, and weRe free to maRrY,
On Giving up thEIr aPpOintmenTs; but thE caseS In which The advantAges
accruInG froM CEliBacy and the Clerical Habit were REnounCEd, Are of
RarE occurReNce.[12] the inTroducTIon Of raiLways, eVeNing scHools FoR
the workIng-classes, and scientific CongreSses, wEre All systemAtiCAllY
opp
 sentence is prophetic:—“T he British  Gove rnm ent  f ores eesthat if the pr e sent  system is perseveredin, f re s h di s tu rbanc es
must be e xpe ct ed  to  t a ke  plac e i n the P apal State s,of  a character pr ogressivel y m ore and more  se rious,  a ndt hat o utof th ose di s turban ces
may s pr i ng com p licatio n s  d ange rous to the peace of Europe.”[11]
The En gl i sh m ini ste r needed b ut  to h a ve appe a le d t o t h e events
whic h had trans p ire d duri ng  hi s  stayin Ro me togive weight  tohis
asser tions. The Aus t rian tr oops h adsca rcel y  b ee n w it h dra w nwhe n 
th e Romagn ebe gan t o de m a n d  the  un rese rvedaccomplishmen t o f th e 
pr omise d ref orms .Meeti ngs we re he ld  in their princ ipal  towns, t here pre se ntati v es ofthe  Fi ve Powe rs were mem or i a l iz ed, and deputation ss e nt  to thePope.B ut  i n  vain. A ft era fe w month s of gr owing ir ritati o nan d suspi ci on, th etri - f lag w a s ra ised i n severa l tow n s of the
fourL egations andt he M ar c hes.  Up on this, th e po n tifi calt ro ops ,  whohad b ee n  c o llecting in the vic in ity fo r som e time previo us, attack e d Forli an d Ce s en a , while Austri a a s econd time poured a n arm y across  the
Po f o r  the red uct ion  of  th e co untry.

Ancon a soon  a fterwar ds(Februa ry,  18 32)  re ce ived a Fr ench gar ri so n. 
J eal ous o f  the pos it ion  a ssu med b y  Austr ia in  Ita ly ,t his  measur e  w a s 
res ol ve d up onby  Fran ce t o  co unterba lance tha t a s cend an cy . Thisjoint
militar yoccupation  o f t he two n ations l asted until the end of1 838.
Th e t earsshed  by the A nco nitans  on the de partur e ofth e F r e nch w e r esig ni ficant oft h eir  fore bo ding s for t he future. Evil in d eed  must be
thecon diti o n  o f a pe o ple  w h o p r e fer foreign occ upation to  t h ei r own
sove r eig n' s rule. 

The p eriod that fo llowed, u ntil thede atho f  Gr egory XVI. , was, i ndeed,
da r k. Th e  c lergy , i gnoran t,  gr aspin g, and cor rupt,  monop ol ized a lmost 
e very cha nnel to emolument or ad vancem ent.Min isters, j udg e s,heads ofcoll eges, dire cto rsof ho spi t als,gove r no rso f tow ns—a l l were pr e la tes ; afew, indeed , h adnot r ece i ved th e to nsure, and were f r ee to marry,
o n gi v i ngupt heir  a ppointments; b utth e cases in  w hich the ad vantages 
a c cruin g from  celib acy and t he cleric al h abi t were re nou nc e d, areof 
r a re occ urre nc e.[12]  The i n trod u c tion of railways , eve n i ng sc h ool s for 
t he work i ng-c lasses, an d scientifi c cong ress es, w ere all  s ystema tic al ly
opp
 sentence_is prophetic:—“The_British Government foresees
that if_the present_system_is persevered_in,_fresh disturbances
must be_expected to take_place in the Papal_States, of a_character
progressively_more and more serious, and that out of those disturbances
may spring complications dangerous to_the_peace of_Europe.”[11]

The_English_minister needed but to have_appealed to the events
which had_transpired during_his stay in Rome to give weight to_his
assertions._The Austrian troops_had scarcely been withdrawn when
the Romagne began to demand_the unreserved accomplishment of the
promised reforms._Meetings were held_in_their_principal towns, the
representatives of_the Five Powers were memorialized, and_deputations
sent to the Pope. But in_vain. After a few months of growing_irritation
and suspicion, the tri- flag was_raised in several towns of_the
four Legations_and the Marches. Upon this,_the pontifical troops,_who
had been_collecting in the_vicinity for some time previous, attacked
Forli_and Cesena, while_Austria a second time poured an_army_across the
Po for_the_reduction_of the_country.

Ancona soon afterwards_(February,_1832) received_a_French garrison.
Jealous of the position assumed_by_Austria in Italy, this measure was
resolved upon_by France to counterbalance_that_ascendancy. This joint
military occupation_of the two nations lasted_until the end of 1838.
The tears_shed by_the Anconitans_on the departure of the French were
significant of their forebodings for_the future. Evil indeed must be
the_condition of a people_who prefer_foreign_occupation to their_own
sovereign's_rule.

The period_that followed, until the death of Gregory_XVI., was,_indeed,
dark. The clergy, ignorant, grasping, and_corrupt, monopolized almost
every channel_to_emolument or advancement. Ministers, judges, heads_of
colleges, directors of hospitals, governors of_towns—all were prelates;
a few, indeed,_had_not_received the tonsure, and were_free to marry,
on giving up their_appointments; but the_cases in which the advantages
accruing from celibacy_and_the clerical habit were renounced, are_of
rare_occurrence.[12] The introduction of railways, evening_schools_for
the_working-classes, and scientific congresses, were_all systematically
opp