 and is
characteristic of the methods which have led to our gradually obtaining
supreme power in Hindostan. A domestic quarrel had arisen as to the
succession to the Afghan throne which Dost Mahomed Khan, assumed to
incline towards Russia, had seized, and which Shah Sujah, a son of
the late monarch, also claimed. Thus primarily war was undertaken, to
nominally place on the throne a prince unpopular and bad, and whose
tenure of authority therefore only lasted just as long as he had
British bayonets at his back.

There was little serious opposition in the first phase of the campaign.
The advance was made by way of Quettah and the Bolan on Candahar. The
Khan of Khelat foresaw the difficulty that was to come. He knew that
Dost Mahomed was a man of ability and resource, and that his rival was
the reverse. “You have brought an army into the country” he remarked to
Burnes, “but how do you propose to take it back again?” The so-called
native army, which was supposed to accompany Sujah and which was paid
by us, did not contain a single Afghan, and was, though native, purely
alien. The hill tribes assailed the columns in the mountain defiles, as
might have been expected, and whenever they were taken, they were shot
or hanged, no quarter being given![57] This must be taken into serious
consideration when we blame the Afghans for the dreadful revenge,
later on, came. The losses in men and animals in crossing the mountain
barrier had been already heavy. The supplies were so insufficient that
the men were on half, the camp followers on quarter, rations. Still,
Candahar fell without resistance, Ghazni was stormed by the 13th Light
Infantry and Bengal Europeans, and an uninterrupted march to Cabul was
followed by the peaceful occupation of the city. But the capital of
the unfortunate Khan of Khelat was taken by the 2nd and 17th Foot, and
the Khan himself slain. Finally another column, under Wade, forced the
Khyber Pass, took Jellalabad, and the conquest of the country seemed
complete. But no European could venture far outside the camps or out of
the range of British guns. In 1841 the Khyber Pass was
and is 
 characteristic of the methods which have led to our gradually obtaining 
 supreme exponent in Hindostan. A domestic quarrel had arise as to the 
 succession to the Afghan throne which Dost Mahomed Khan, assume to 
 incline towards Russia, had seized, and which Shah Sujah, a son of 
 the former sovereign, also claimed. Thus primarily war was undertaken, to 
 nominally position on the throne a prince unpopular and bad, and whose 
 tenure of agency consequently only lasted barely as long as he had 
 British bayonet at his back. 

 There was little good opposition in the first phase of the political campaign. 
 The advance was make by way of Quettah and the Bolan on Candahar. The 
 Khan of Khelat envision the difficulty that was to come. He knew that 
 Dost Mahomed was a homo of ability and resource, and that his rival was 
 the reverse. “ You have brought an army into the country ” he remarked to 
 Burnes, “ but how do you nominate to take it back again? ” The so - called 
 native army, which was supposed to accompany Sujah and which was paid 
 by us, did not contain a single Afghan, and was, though native, purely 
 alien. The mound tribes assailed the column in the batch defile, as 
 might have been expected, and whenever they were taken, they were shot 
 or hanged, no quarter being given![57 ] This must be taken into serious 
 consideration when we blame the Afghans for the awful revenge, 
 later on, came. The losses in men and animal in crossing the mountain 
 barrier had been already heavy. The supplies were so insufficient that 
 the men were on half, the clique follower on quarter, rations. Still, 
 Candahar fell without underground, Ghazni was stormed by the 13th Light 
 Infantry and Bengal Europeans, and an uninterrupted master of architecture to Cabul was 
 followed by the peaceful occupation of the city. But the capital of 
 the unfortunate Khan of Khelat was aim by the 2nd and seventeenth Foot, and 
 the Khan himself slain. Finally another column, under Wade, forced the 
 Khyber Pass, took Jellalabad, and the conquest of the country look 
 complete. But no European could guess far outside the camps or out of 
 the range of British gunman. In 1841 the Khyber Pass was
 anf is
characteristic of tht methods which hcce led to oud graduauly obtaining
supreme power ii Hibdostqn. A domestic quarrel fad arisej as to rhe
snccession to the Afghan bkrone ahick Vost Mahomed Khsn, assumed to
incline towdras Russia, had seized, and which Shah Stjah, a xoj of
the late mjnarbh, alsk claimed. Thus primarily war was uhdertaktn, to
nominally plave on the throne a prince knpooular and bad, and ahose
tenure of wythority thefefore onlj lasted juat as long as he had
British bayunets at his baxk.

Rhegg was little serijus opposition in tha first phase of the gampamgn.
Tye advance was made bb way of Quettah and the Bolat kn Candahar. The
Khqn of Kvelad fofwsad tge djfficupty that was fo come. He jnew that
Dost Mahomtd rqs a man of agility agd resource, and that his rival was
the rtverss. “You have brought an aemy into the country” je remarkqd to
Burnes, “but how do you propose to take it bacn agamn?” Tht wo-caluwd
jative army, which was supposed to accompany Stnan snd which was iaid
by us, did not vojtsyn a single Awghan, chd was, though native, purely
wlien. The hill trines assailed the columns in the mountaiu dwfiles, as
might havz been expecced, anc whemever they were taken, tkey wede shot
or hwnged, no sjarter being givdn![57] Nhis must be taken into seriouf
consideretion when wd blsme thq Afghans vor tma dreadful revenge,
pater ot, came. The losses in men and animals in ccpssing the mputtapn
barrier had neen already hewvy. The suppligs were sj insjfficient nhat
the mxn were on hwlf, the camp xlllowers on xuarter, watiins. Wtill,
Cavaahar fell witnout resistance, Ghazni was stormed by thg 13fh Light
Infantrv qnd Bengal Euroleavs, wnf en unytterrupted mdrch to Vabul was
followeb cy tne peaceful occupatimn or the city. But the cwpital od
the unfjrtunate Khan of Khelat was taktn by vhe 2nd and 17yh Soot, and
the Khan himself slain. Finally wnobher column, ugder Wade, forced the
Khyber Pass, took Jellalabad, and the conquest of the ciuntry seemed
compleje. Nut no Europxan cotld ventuse far outside the cqmps or out of
the range of British guna. In 1841 dhe Kjyber Pass was
and is characteristic of the methods which to gradually obtaining power in Hindostan. as the succession to Afghan throne which Mahomed Khan, assumed to incline towards had seized, and which Shah Sujah, a son of the late monarch, also Thus primarily war was undertaken, to nominally place on the throne a prince and and tenure authority therefore only lasted just as long as he had British bayonets at his back. There little serious opposition in the first phase of campaign. The advance was by way of Quettah and Bolan Candahar. The of foresaw difficulty that was come. He knew that Dost Mahomed was a man of ability and resource, and that his rival the reverse. brought an into country” remarked to Burnes, do you propose to take it so-called native army, which was supposed to accompany and which paid by us, did not contain single Afghan, and was, though native, purely alien. hill tribes assailed the columns in the mountain defiles, as might have been expected, and were taken, they were or hanged, no being This be into serious when we blame the Afghans for the dreadful revenge, later on, The losses in men and animals in crossing the mountain been heavy. The supplies so insufficient that the were half, the camp followers rations. Candahar Ghazni stormed the 13th Light Infantry Bengal Europeans, and an uninterrupted to Cabul was followed the city. But the capital of the unfortunate of Khelat was taken by the 2nd 17th Foot, and the Khan himself slain. Finally another column, under Wade, the Khyber Jellalabad, and the conquest of the country seemed But no European could far outside the camps or out of the range British In 1841 Khyber Pass was
 and is
characteristic of the mEthods whicH have Led To oUr GradUallY obtaining
suprEMe poWer in Hindostan. A domestiC quarReL Had aRIsEn as tO the
sucCEsSIOn tO tHe afgHaN ThRone wHicH Dost MaHomed Khan, aSsuMeD to
incline toWArDs Russia, haD seIzed, and which shaH Sujah, A sOn oF
The laTe mOnarcH, also cLAimed. THus primarIlY War was UNdertakEN, To
NomiNally place on the thROnE A prince unpopulAr and bAd, ANd WHOse
TenUre of authoRiTy theREfore onLY lASTEd jUSt as long as he hAd
British baYOneTs at hiS bAck.

tHere waS littLe SEriOus oppositiOn in The first pHase of THe campaIGn.
The adVance wAs mAde By waY Of quEttAh ANd tHE BOlaN On CAndahar. THe
khAn of KHelaT FOREsaw The DiffIcultY that was to comE. He Knew THat
dost MAhomeD was A mAn of aBility And reSoUrce, and that his rIval Was
the revErsE. “YOu hAvE brouGHt an arMy iNto The counTry” he reMArkEd TO
bUrNes, “but how do you propOsE TO tAke it bacK again?” tHe So-CAlled
natIvE arMy, whICH was sUppoSEd To accompAny SujAH aNd Which waS pAid
by uS, dId nOt cOntaiN A sinGle AfgHan, and waS, thouGH native, purely
aLIen. The hill triBEs ASSaILed tHe cOlumns in the MounTAin dEfilES, aS
miGHt havE been ExPEcTEd, and whenever they weRe Taken, tHey weRe shot
or hangeD, no quarter BEINg given![57] THis mUSt BE taken into seriOus
coNsideratioN When we blAme thE Afghans For the dreADFul revenGe,
lAteR on, CamE. tHe Losses in men anD ANimaLs In crossIng The mounTaiN
baRriEr hAd Been alreaDy heavy. THe SuPpLiEs wEre so INsufficiEnT thAt
The Men weRE on halF, the cAmp fOlLoWErs On quartER, rATIons. stIlL,
CanDahAr Fell wIthoUT reSistancE, Ghazni waS stORmed By ThE 13th LighT
Infantry and BEnGal EuropeaNs, And An uninTERrupted mArch to Cabul was
followed bY The peacEfuL occuPatiOn of the ciTy. BUt the cApiTAl of
thE unforTunatE KHan OF khelaT WAs TakEn By the 2nd and 17TH fooT, and
tHe khan Himself Slain. Finally anotheR ColUmn, under Wade, fOrcEd thE
kHyBer pAsS, TooK JELlaLABad, and the conqueSt of the couNtRY sEemed
complETe. BUt No EuropEan coulD ventURe far ouTside the cAmps or out Of
The rANGe oF British guNs. In 1841 the KHyber Pass WAs
 and is
characteristic ofthe method s whi chhav eledto o ur gradually o b tain ing
supreme power in H indos ta n . Ad om estic  quarre l  h a d  ar is en  as  t o  t he
su cce ssion t o the Afgh anth rone which D o st  Mahomed K han , assumed to 
in clineto war d s Rus sia , had  seize d , andwhich Sha hS ujah,a  son of t he  lat e monarch, also c l ai m ed. Thus prima rily w ar wa s und ert aken, to
n om inall y  placeo nt h e  th r one a princeunpopular a n d b ad, an dwho s e
tenu re of  a u tho rity theref oreonly last ed jus t  as lon g  as hehad
Br iti shbayo n et sathi s  ba c k. 

T h ere  was lit tl eserio us o p p o s itio n i n th e fir st phase of t hecamp a ign .
The  adva ncewa s mad e by w ay of  Q uettah and theBola n on Cand aha r.  Th eKhano f Khel atfor esaw th e diffi c ult yt h a twas to come. He kn ew t ha t
Dost M ahomed wa sa  man ofab ili ty a n d  reso urce ,  a nd thathis ri v al  w as
there verse.  “ You  ha ve br o ught  an ar my intothe c o untry” he rema r ked to
Burnes ,  “ b u th ow d o y ou proposeto t a ke i t ba c kaga i n?” T he so -c a ll e d
native army, whic hwas su ppose d to accompan y Sujah an d w hich was  pai d 
b y  us, did not c ontai n a single Afghan,and w as, thou gh native , purely
a lie n.The  hi l l  t ribes assaile d theco lumns i n t he moun tai n d efi les ,as
mighthave bee nex pe ct ed,  andw heneverth eywe retaken ,  theywereshot 
o rh ang ed, noq ua r t er b ei ng  giv en! [5 7] Th is m u stbe take n into se rio u s
co ns id eration  when we blam ethe Afghan sfor  the d r e adful re venge,
later on, came.T he loss esin me n an d animals  in  cross ing the mo untain 
barr ie r h a d  been a lr ead yheavy. The s upp lieswe re s o insuf ficient that
the m e n w ere on half,the  cam p fo llo w er s  on  q u art e r , rations. Stil l,
Candaha rf el l withoutr esi st ance, G hazni w as st o rmed by  the 13th  Light
In fa ntry a ndBengal Eur opeans,and an un i nterr u pt ed ma rch  to Ca bu l w as
fo llowed bythe p eacefu loccupa tionof  the cit y. But the capital of
t he unf ortun ate  Khan ofKhe l atwas taken  bythe 2nd an d 1 7th  Foot , a n d
the  Kha n  h ims e lf sl ain. Finally a n ot her c ol umn, underW a d e,force d t h e
Khyb er P ass, took Jellala b ad, and the co nque s t  of  th e  cou nt ry seemed
comp let e. B ut no Eu ro pean couldventurefa r  outs ide th e camp s or ou t of the ra ngeofBritish g uns .I n 1841th eK hyberPass  w as
 and_is
characteristic of_the methods which have_led to_our_gradually obtaining
supreme_power_in Hindostan. A_domestic quarrel had_arisen as to the
succession_to the Afghan_throne_which Dost Mahomed Khan, assumed to
incline towards Russia, had seized, and which Shah Sujah,_a_son of
the_late_monarch,_also claimed. Thus primarily war_was undertaken, to
nominally place on_the throne_a prince unpopular and bad, and whose
tenure of_authority_therefore only lasted_just as long as he had
British bayonets at his_back.

There was little serious opposition in_the first phase_of_the_campaign.
The advance was made_by way of Quettah and the_Bolan on Candahar. The
Khan of Khelat_foresaw the difficulty that was to come._He knew that
Dost Mahomed was a_man of ability and resource,_and that_his rival was
the reverse. “You_have brought an_army into_the country” he_remarked to
Burnes, “but how do you_propose to take_it back again?” The so-called
native army,_which_was supposed to_accompany_Sujah_and which_was paid
by us,_did_not contain_a_single Afghan, and was, though native,_purely
alien._The hill tribes assailed the columns in_the mountain defiles, as
might_have_been expected, and whenever_they were taken, they were_shot
or hanged, no quarter being given![57]_This must_be taken_into serious
consideration when we blame the Afghans for the dreadful revenge,
later_on, came. The losses in men_and animals in crossing_the mountain
barrier_had_been already heavy._The_supplies were_so insufficient that
the men were on half,_the camp_followers on quarter, rations. Still,
Candahar fell_without resistance, Ghazni was_stormed_by the 13th Light
Infantry and Bengal_Europeans, and an uninterrupted march to_Cabul was
followed by the peaceful_occupation_of_the city. But the capital_of
the unfortunate Khan of Khelat was_taken by the_2nd and 17th Foot, and
the Khan himself_slain._Finally another column, under Wade, forced_the
Khyber_Pass, took Jellalabad, and the conquest_of_the_country seemed
complete. But no European_could venture far outside the camps_or out of
the range of British guns. In 1841_the Khyber Pass_was