 of “the Rock” may have been, and
their skulls and bones found in the stalagmitic limestone of the
caves show they were of no high class but merely cave-dwellers, they
were followed, somewhere about the eighth century, by the Moors. This
curious wave of invasion from the East seems to have simply skirted
the northern parts of Africa, until it reached what is now Algeria.
It never penetrated far south, and yet it represents one of the few
traces of civilisation in the dark continent. Most curious of all is
it that African aborigines have done so little for themselves. All
the civilising waves have been immigrant, from those who built the
dead cities of Mashonaland to the men who have made Buluwayo. Such
civilisation as North Africa possesses has been wholly of foreign
origin. The <DW64> race has done nothing worth mentioning, and it may
well be believed, after the experience of Liberia, never will. So that
the Arab invasion sought for other outlets for its expansion than the
warmer clime of Mid or Central Africa. Reaching Algiers, Tarik the
Conqueror passed across the straits to the peninsula of Gibraltar,
and built there, somewhere about 725, a castle of which the existing
Moorish tower may be a relic. It remained in Mohammedan hands for seven
hundred and forty-eight years, and then, captured by the Spaniards, was
remodelled, the “Gebel al Tarik” becoming Christian “Gibraltar.” Its
present arms, a castle with a key pendent at the gate, granted by Henry
IV. of Castile, refer to its condition as a fortress once the key to
the Mediterranean, but now, with the improvements in the range and size
of modern guns, of less value than heretofore.

In 1704 the place was but feebly garrisoned, and fell mainly owing to
the silencing of the batteries by the squadron and their occupation
then by seamen landed from the ships. The troops, under the Prince of
Hesse Darmstadt, meanwhile occupied the isthmus until the fortress
surrendered. So important a capture was not likely to be agreed to
without a further struggle, and in 1705 the Marquis de Villadarius was
despatched to formally besiege
of “ the Rock ” may have been, and 
 their skulls and bones found in the stalagmitic limestone of the 
 caves picture they were of no eminent class but merely cave - dwellers, they 
 were followed, somewhere about the eighth hundred, by the Moors. This 
 curious wave of invasion from the East seems to have simply skirted 
 the northerly parts of Africa, until it reached what is nowadays Algeria. 
 It never penetrated far south, and yet it represent one of the few 
 traces of civilisation in the benighted continent. about curious of all is 
 it that African aborigines have done therefore little for themselves. All 
 the civilising wave have been immigrant, from those who built the 
 dead cities of Mashonaland to the man who have made Buluwayo. Such 
 civilisation as North Africa possesses has been wholly of foreign 
 beginning. The < DW64 > race has done nothing worth mentioning, and it may 
 well be believed, after the experience of Liberia, never will. therefore that 
 the Arab invasion sought for other outlets for its expansion than the 
 warmer clime of Mid or Central Africa. Reaching Algiers, Tarik the 
 Conqueror passed across the straits to the peninsula of Gibraltar, 
 and built there, somewhere about 725, a castle of which the existing 
 Moorish tower may be a relic. It remained in Mohammedan hands for seven 
 hundred and forty - eight years, and then, captured by the Spaniards, was 
 remodelled, the “ Gebel al Tarik ” become Christian “ Gibraltar. ” Its 
 present arms, a castle with a cardinal pendant at the gate, concede by Henry 
 IV. of Castile, refer to its condition as a fortress once the key to 
 the Mediterranean, but now, with the improvements in the range and size 
 of modern gun, of less value than heretofore. 

 In 1704 the place was but feebly garrisoned, and fell mainly owing to 
 the silencing of the barrage by the squadron and their occupation 
 then by seamen landed from the ships. The troops, under the Prince of 
 Hesse Darmstadt, meanwhile absorb the isthmus until the fortress 
 surrendered. thus important a capture was not likely to be agreed to 
 without a further struggle, and in 1705 the Marquis de Villadarius was 
 despatched to formally besiege
 of “the Rock” may have been, xnd
their skulls and boies fouhd in thd stalagmitic limestone of tie
caces syow they were of no hieh class hut mereoy ceve-dwellers, they
xsre followed, almewkece about the einhth centurf, by the Moors. Tfid
curious wave of invasion from the Qast sermd to have simpjy slyrtes
nht northern parts of Africa, until jt reacied what is now Algeria.
It never penetratef fag south, and yet it represents one if the few
trxces of cinnlisation ih the dark continent. Most curiojs of all is
it jkqt Wxrican abormgines have done so little for thrmselves. All
thc civmlisung waves have been ikmigrant, from thosg who build che
dead cities of Masyobalang to the nen whk iavs made Bumuwayo. Sucg
civilisatiin as North Africa kosfvxses has beeh wholjy of foreign
origin. The <DW64> race has done totging worth mentioning, abd it may
well be beligved, after the experience of Liberia, never will. So that
the Drab mnxasnin sojthh for other outlets for its expansion than thq
satmvr clime of Mid ov Central Africa. Rrafhogg Algiers, Tatik the
Eknsueror passed acrods the ftrairs to the penonsula of Gibraltar,
and builr there, somecheee about 725, a castle of which tke exixting
Koorish tower may be a xelic. Jt remained in Mohamjddan hands for sdvek
hutdred and forty-eight years, and then, capcured by the Spaniwrds, was
relodelled, the “Gebel al Tagik” bgcominc Christiaj “Gibraltar.” Its
present arms, a cextle with a lef pvndent at the nate, granted by Henry
IV. of Caxtile, rzfer tu its condption as e fortress ogce the key tm
jhe Mediterraiean, but gow, qith the imofovements in tne range cud size
of modern guns, of lexs xzlue than heretifotw.

In 1704 the place war btt fxebly carrisoned, atd fdll kainlh owing to
tme rilemcing of the batterias bg the squadron and tmeir occukation
theg by seamen lsnded from the shiks. The truops, indgr the Prince of
Hesse Darmstadt, meanwhilf ogcupied the ifthmms ugtil the fprtress
surrendered. So important a captuce was not likely to bg agreed to
without a yuvther struggke, anq in 1705 the Marquis de Villadaruus was
despatched to formally besiege
of “the Rock” may have been, and and found in stalagmitic limestone of of high class but cave-dwellers, they were somewhere about the eighth century, by Moors. This curious wave of invasion from the East seems to have simply the northern parts of Africa, until it reached what is now Algeria. It penetrated south, yet represents one of the few traces of civilisation in the dark continent. Most curious of all it that African aborigines have done so little themselves. All the civilising have been immigrant, from those built dead cities Mashonaland the who have made Such civilisation as North Africa possesses has been wholly of foreign origin. The <DW64> race has done worth mentioning, may well believed, the of Liberia, never that the Arab invasion sought for its expansion than the warmer clime of Mid Central Africa. Algiers, Tarik the Conqueror passed across straits to the peninsula of Gibraltar, and built somewhere about 725, a castle of which the existing Moorish tower may be a relic. in Mohammedan hands for hundred and forty-eight and captured the was remodelled, “Gebel al Tarik” becoming Christian “Gibraltar.” Its present arms, a castle a key pendent at the gate, granted by Henry IV. refer its condition as fortress once the key the but now, with the the and guns, less than heretofore. In 1704 place was but feebly garrisoned, fell mainly owing to by the squadron and their occupation then by landed from the ships. The troops, under Prince of Hesse Darmstadt, meanwhile occupied the isthmus until the fortress surrendered. important a not likely to be agreed to without a struggle, and in 1705 Marquis de Villadarius was despatched to formally besiege
 of “the Rock” may have been, and
thEir skulls aNd bonEs fOunD iN the StalAgmitic limestoNE of tHe
caves show they were of nO high ClASs buT MeRely cAve-dwelLErS, THey
WeRe FolLoWEd, SomewHerE about tHe eighth ceNtuRy, By the Moors. ThIS
cUrious wave Of iNvasion from tHe EAst seeMs To hAVe simPly SkirtEd
the nORthern Parts of AfRiCA, until IT reacheD WHaT is nOw Algeria.
It never pENeTRated far south, aNd yet iT rEPrESEntS onE of the few
tRaCes of CIvilisaTIoN IN The DArk continent. MOst curious oF All Is
it thAt afrICan aboRiginEs HAve Done so littlE for ThemselveS. All
thE CivilisINg waves Have beEn iMmiGranT, FrOm ThoSe WHo bUIlT thE
DeaD cities oF MAsHonalAnd tO THE Men wHo hAve mAde BuLuwayo. Such
civIliSatiON as north africA posSeSses hAs been WhollY oF foreign
origin. THe <DW64> Race has doNe nOtHinG wOrth mENtioniNg, aNd iT may
welL be beliEVed, AfTER ThE experience of LiberIa, NEVeR will. So tHat
the aRaB iNVasion soUgHt fOr otHER outlEts fOR iTs expansIon thaN ThE
wArmer clImE of Mid Or cenTraL AfriCA. ReaChing ALgiers, TaRik thE
conqueror passeD Across the straITs TO ThE PeniNsuLa of GibraltAr,
anD BuilT theRE, sOmeWHere aBout 725, a CaSTlE Of which the existing
MOoRish toWer maY be a relic. It reMained in MoHAMMedan hanDs foR SeVEn
hundred and foRty-eiGht years, anD Then, captUred bY the SpanIards, was
rEMOdelled, tHe “GEbeL al tarIK” BeComing ChristiAN “gibrAlTar.” Its
pResEnt arms, A caStlE wiTh a KeY pendent aT the gate, GrAnTeD bY HeNry
IV. OF Castile, ReFer To Its CondiTIon as a FortrEss oNcE tHE keY to
the MEDiTERranEaN, bUt noW, wiTh The imProvEMenTs in the Range and sIze
OF modErN gUns, of leSs value than heReTofore.

In 1704 thE pLacE was buT FEebly garRisoned, and fell mainly owiNG to
the sIleNcing Of thE batterieS by The squAdrON and thEir occUpatiOn
TheN BY seamEN LaNdeD fRom the shipS. tHe tRoops, UnDer tHe PrincE of
Hesse Darmstadt, mEAnwHile occupied tHe iSthmUS UnTil THe FOrtReSS
suRREndered. So importAnt a capturE wAS nOt likely to BE agReEd to
witHout a fuRther STruggle, And in 1705 the MArquis de VIlLadaRIUs wAs
despatchEd to formAlly besieGE
 of “the Rock” may have be en, and
th eir s kul lsan d bo nesfound in the s t alag mitic limestone of the 
cave ss howt he y wer e of no hi g h  cl as sbut  m e re ly ca ve- dweller s, they
we refo llowed, some w he re about t heeighth centu ry,  by th eMoo r s. Th iscurio us wav e  of in vasion fr om the Ea s t seems t ohave  simply skirted
t h en orthern partsof Afr ic a ,u n til  it  reached w ha t isn ow Alge r ia . I t n e ver penetrate d far south ,  an d yetit  re p resent s one  o f  th e few
trace s of  civilisa tion i n  the da r k conti nent.Mos t c urio u sof  al li s
i t  t hat Afr ican abo ri gi nes h aved o n e  solit tlefor t hemselves. Al l
t he c i vil ising  wave s ha ve  been  immig rant,  f rom those who b uilt  the
dead  ci ti esof  Mash o naland  to  th e men w ho have mad eB u l uw ayo. Such
civilisa ti o n  a s NorthAfrica po ss e sses has  b een  who l l y offore i gn 
origin.  The < D W6 4>  race h as  doneno thi ngworth ment ioning , and it  mayw ell be believe d , after the e x pe r i en c e of  Li beria, neve r wi l l. S o th a tthe Arabinvas io n  s o ught for other outl et s forits e xpansion than  the
warme r c lime ofMido rC entral Africa.  Reac hing Algie r s, Tarik  theConquero r passeda c ross the  st rai tstot h epeninsula ofG i bral ta r,
andbui lt ther e,som ewh ere  a bout 725,  a castl eof  w hi chthe e x isting
M oo ris htow er ma y  be arelic . It  r em a ine d in Mo h am m e danha nd s fo r s ev en
hu ndre d  an d forty -eight ye ars ,  and  t he n, capt ured by the S pa niards, wa srem odelle d ,  the “Ge bel al Tarik” becomingC hristia n “ Gibra ltar .” Its
pr ese nt arm s,a  castl e with  a ke ypen d e nt at t he  ga te , grantedb y  He nry
I V.  ofCastile , refer to its con d iti on as a fortr ess  onc e th e k e yt o
t he Med i t erranean, but n ow, with t he im provements inth e range  and si ze
of modernguns, ofless valu ethan h ere tofore.

I n 1704 t he placew as bu t  f eebly  ga rrison ed , a nd fe ll mai n lyowing  to
th esilenc ing o fthe batt eries by the squadron a nd the ir oc cup ation
the n b y  se amen land ed f rom the sh ips . T he tr oop s , und er t h ePri n ce of 
Hes s e Darmsta d t,  me a n wh ile occupie d t heisthm usu ntil t he f ortress
surrender e d. So importan t ac a ptu rew as n ot  likely to beagr ee d to
witho ut  a furtherstruggle ,a nd in  1705the Ma rquis d e Vi l ladari us w asdespatche d t of ormally  b es i ege
 of_“the Rock”_may have been, and
their_skulls and_bones_found in_the_stalagmitic limestone of_the
caves show they_were of no high_class but merely_cave-dwellers,_they
were followed, somewhere about the eighth century, by the Moors. This
curious wave of invasion_from_the East_seems_to_have simply skirted
the northern parts_of Africa, until it reached_what is_now Algeria.
It never penetrated far south, and yet_it_represents one of_the few
traces of civilisation in the dark continent. Most_curious of all is
it that African_aborigines have done_so_little_for themselves. All
the civilising_waves have been immigrant, from those_who built the
dead cities of Mashonaland_to the men who have made Buluwayo._Such
civilisation as North Africa possesses has_been wholly of foreign
origin. The_<DW64> race_has done nothing worth mentioning,_and it may
well_be believed,_after the experience_of Liberia, never will. So that
the_Arab invasion sought_for other outlets for its expansion_than_the
warmer clime of_Mid_or_Central Africa._Reaching Algiers, Tarik_the
Conqueror_passed across_the_straits to the peninsula of Gibraltar,
and_built_there, somewhere about 725, a castle of_which the existing
Moorish tower_may_be a relic. It_remained in Mohammedan hands for_seven
hundred and forty-eight years, and then,_captured by_the Spaniards,_was
remodelled, the “Gebel al Tarik” becoming Christian “Gibraltar.” Its
present arms, a_castle with a key pendent at_the gate, granted by_Henry
IV. of_Castile,_refer to its_condition_as a_fortress once the key to
the Mediterranean, but_now, with_the improvements in the range and_size
of modern guns, of_less_value than heretofore.

In 1704 the place_was but feebly garrisoned, and fell_mainly owing to
the silencing of_the_batteries_by the squadron and their_occupation
then by seamen landed from the_ships. The troops,_under the Prince of
Hesse Darmstadt, meanwhile occupied_the_isthmus until the fortress
surrendered. So important_a_capture was not likely to be_agreed_to
without_a further struggle, and in_1705 the Marquis de Villadarius was
despatched_to formally besiege