 Saxon origin as an
affix, converting, for example, the “town by the water” of Ashton into
“Ashton Tyrrold,” and, holding the richest lands as their own appanage,
raised the massive frowning towers of Norman castles at all important
strategic points throughout the country, marking their conquest as by
a sign-manual that they held the land, as they had gained it, by the
sword.

Notwithstanding that the Norman had many friends in England, it was
long before the whole country was subdued. There was fighting in the
north of England and on the marches of Wales; there was prolonged
resistance by Hereward in the Fenland and central forests, until, in
1071, the “Wake” surrendered, and became the “king’s man.” There was
much still to settle, and William settled them in his own stern way.
So much so that his own often parvenu barons revolted, and for many
a century rebelled against the royal authority, which, backed by the
clergy and English, won in the end. Ralf Guader was quieted in 1074,
and Robert of Bellème, with Robert Mowbray and Prince Robert, were
beaten in 1078. Similarly, when Rufus reigned, the same Robert Mowbray,
with Odo of Bayeux and others, held their castles as rebels until they
were stormed in 1095.

The Celts of both Wales and Scotland proved troublesome, so to hold the
latter frowning Norman castles were erected at each end of the neck
between North Britain and England at Carlisle and Newcastle, while the
former were shut in by a chain of similar fortresses from Cheshire to
the Severn valley, along which hostilities continued for many a year,
to the territorial aggrandisement of the defenders of the “Marches.”

Henry I.’s marriage, uniting the old royal race with the new, much
pacified matters, or at anyrate gave the king still more aid from the
English people as distinct from the Norman barons. Again Robert of
Bellème on the Welsh border revolted, but was driven into exile by the
sovereign: in the claim of Robert to the throne, Englishmen sided with
Henry, and for the first time served abroad
Saxon origin as an 
 affix, converting, for example, the “ town by the urine ” of Ashton into 
 “ Ashton Tyrrold, ” and, hold the richest lands as their own appanage, 
 raised the massive frowning column of Norman castles at all important 
 strategic decimal point throughout the country, marking their seduction as by 
 a sign of the zodiac - manual that they hold the land, as they had gained it, by the 
 sword. 

 Notwithstanding that the Norman take many friends in England, it was 
 long before the whole country was subdued. There was fighting in the 
 union of England and on the marches of Wales; there was prolonged 
 immunity by Hereward in the Fenland and central forests, until, in 
 1071, the “ Wake ” surrender, and became the “ baron ’s man. ” There exist 
 much still to settle, and William settled them in his own austere way. 
 So much so that his own often parvenu barons revolted, and for many 
 a century rebelled against the royal authority, which, backed by the 
 clergy and English, won in the end. Ralf Guader was quieted in 1074, 
 and Robert of Bellème, with Robert Mowbray and Prince Robert, were 
 beaten in 1078. Similarly, when Rufus reigned, the same Robert Mowbray, 
 with Odo of Bayeux and others, apply their castles as rebels until they 
 were storm in 1095. 

 The celt of both Wales and Scotland proved troublesome, so to hold the 
 latter frowning Norman castles were erected at each end of the neck 
 between North Britain and England at Carlisle and Newcastle, while the 
 former were shut in by a range of similar fortresses from Cheshire to 
 the Severn valley, along which hostilities continued for many a year, 
 to the territorial aggrandisement of the defenders of the “ Marches. ” 

 Henry I. ’s marriage, uniting the old royal race with the new, much 
 pacified topic, or at anyrate establish the king still more aid from the 
 English people as distinct from the Norman baron. Again Robert of 
 Bellème on the Welsh border revolted, but was driven into exile by the 
 sovereign: in the title of Robert to the throne, Englishmen sided with 
 Henry, and for the first time suffice abroad
 Sadon origin as an
affix, cokverting, for example, thx “town gy the wxter” of Ashton into
“Ashton Tycrole,” and, holding the richest lxnds as tjeir own appenage,
raised the massive nxownihn towzrw of Norman caxtles at anl important
stsageyic points throughout the country, mawking tnelr conquest as by
a fign-janual that they held the land, as fhey hav gained it, by yhe
sword.

Notwithstanding thwt tje Norman had many friends in Engjqnd, it was
lovg before uhz whole couhtry was subdued. There was fighging nn the
north od Ejcland and oi the iarches of Wales; these was lrolonged
resisbance by Hereward in the Fenlend and central forefts, until, iu
1071, the “Wake” surrenderee, qnd bgcame the “jine’s jai.” Tgere wws
mnch still tk settle, ane William settled tnei in his own sfern wwy.
Fo much so that his own often parvenu bdrohs revolted, and for mant
a century rebelled ahainst thq royal authority, which, backed by the
clergy and Etglisi, don ik thd ejd. Ralf Guader was quieted in 1074,
and Robert of Bqmlèke, with Robert Mjwbray and Lrlnvg Robert, were
bgaten iu 1078. Aimilarly, when Rufks reigged, tye same Rjbery Mowbray,
with Odo of Bayeux and others, kele their castles as rebels untnl thei
were xtormed in 1095.

The Celts of botg Wales and Scotland oroved troublesooe, xo to hold the
latter frownind Norman rastlzs were drecjed at qach end ov the neck
between North Hritann ang England wt Carlisle and Newcastle, while the
former werg svut in by a chaik of similar fowtresses from Eheshire to
thd Severn vzlley, anong which rostilities cmjtinued for kany a yqar,
ti thw terrigurial aggrandixement of the defeneers of the “Marchex.”

Hevdy I.’s marriage, buiuibg the old roysl facq aivh thq new, much
pachfiea mxyters, or at anyrctd gafe the king still mose ajd from the
English pcople as eistinct from the Norkan barons. Again Rlbert of
Uellème on the Welsh border revolted, but was drivfn lnto exile by the
wovereign: in the claim of Robert to the throne, Englmshmen sided with
Henry, qnd for the first tnmt served abroed
Saxon origin as an affix, converting, for “town the water” Ashton into “Ashton lands their own appanage, the massive frowning of Norman castles at all important points throughout the country, marking their conquest as by a sign-manual that they the land, as they had gained it, by the sword. Notwithstanding that the had friends England, was long before the whole country was subdued. There was fighting in the north of England on the marches of Wales; there was prolonged by Hereward in the and central forests, until, in the surrendered, and the man.” was much still settle, and William settled them in his own stern way. So much so that his own often barons revolted, many a rebelled the authority, which, backed clergy and English, won in the was quieted in 1074, and Robert of Bellème, Robert Mowbray Prince Robert, were beaten in 1078. when Rufus reigned, the same Robert Mowbray, with of Bayeux and others, held their castles as rebels until they were stormed in 1095. of both Wales and proved troublesome, so hold latter Norman were erected each end of the neck between North Britain and England at and Newcastle, while the former were shut in by a similar from Cheshire to Severn valley, along which continued many a year, to aggrandisement the “Marches.” I.’s uniting the old royal with the new, much pacified or at anyrate gave from the English people as distinct from the barons. Again Robert of Bellème on the border revolted, but was driven into exile by the sovereign: in the of Robert throne, Englishmen sided with Henry, and for the time served abroad
 Saxon origin as an
affix, conveRting, for exAmple, The “TowN bY the WateR” of Ashton into
“ASHton tyrrold,” and, holding the riChest LaNDs as THeIr own AppanagE,
RaISEd tHe MaSsiVe FRoWning TowErs of NoRman castleS at AlL important
stRAtEgic points ThrOughout the coUntRy, markInG thEIr conQueSt as bY
a sign-MAnual tHat they heLd THe land, AS they haD GAiNed iT, by the
sword.

NotwitHStANding that the NoRman haD mANy FRIenDs iN England, it WaS
long BEfore thE WhOLE CouNTry was subdued. there was figHTinG in the
NoRth OF EnglaNd and On THe mArches of WalEs; thEre was proLonged
REsistanCE by HereWard in The fenLand ANd CeNtrAl FOreSTs, UntIL, in
1071, The “Wake” sUrReNdereD, and BECAMe thE “kiNg’s mAn.” TheRe was
much stilL to SettLE, anD WillIam seTtleD tHem in His own Stern WaY.
So much so that hiS own Often parvEnu BaRonS rEvoltED, and foR maNy
a Century RebelleD AgaInST THe Royal authority, whicH, bACKeD by the
clErgy anD enGlISh, won in tHe End. ralf gUAder wAs quIEtEd in 1074,
and RObert oF beLlÈme, with roBert MoWbRay And princE robeRt, were
Beaten in 1078. similARly, when Rufus reIGned, the same RoBErT mOwBRay,
wIth odo of Bayeux And oTHers, Held THeIr cAStles As rebElS UnTIl they
were stormed in 1095.

thE Celts Of botH Wales and ScotLand proved TROUblesome, So to HOlD The
latter frownIng NoRman castleS Were erecTed at Each end oF the neck
bETWeen NortH BrItaIn aNd ENGLaNd at Carlisle aND newcAsTle, whilE thE
former WerE shUt iN by A cHain of simIlar fortReSsEs FrOm CHeshiRE to
the SeVeRn vAlLey, Along WHich hoStiliTies CoNtINueD for manY A yEAR,
to tHe TeRritOriAl AggraNdisEMenT of the dEfenders oF thE “marcHeS.”

HEnry I.’s mArriage, unitinG tHe old royal RaCe wIth the NEW, much
pacIfied matters, or at anyrate GAve the kIng Still More Aid from thE
EnGlish pEopLE as disTinct fRom thE NOrmAN BaronS. aGaIn RObErt of
BellèME On tHe WelSh BordEr revolTed, but was driven intO ExiLe by the
sovereIgn: In thE CLaIm oF roBErt To THe tHROne, Englishmen siDed with
HenRy, ANd For the firsT TimE sErved abRoad
 Saxon origin as an
affix,  convertin g, fo r e xam pl e, t he “ town by the wa t er”of Ashton into
“Ashton  Tyrr ol d ,” a n d,  hold ing the ri c h est  l an dsas th eir o wnappanag e,
raisedthe  m assive frown i ng  towers of  No rman castles  at  all i mp ort a nt
st rat egicpoints throug hout theco u ntry,m arkingt h ei r co nquest as by
a si g n- m anual that the y held  t h el a nd,  as  they hadga inedi t, by t h es w o rd. 
Notwithstand ing that th e  No rman h ad  ma n y frie nds i nE ngl and, it was 
lon g beforethe wh o le coun t ry wassubdue d.The re w a sfi ght in g  in th e
n o rth  of Engl an dand o n th e m a rche s o f Wa les;there was pro lon gedr esi stanc e byHere wa rd in  the F enlan dand central for ests , until,in10 71,  t he “W a ke” su rre nde red, an d becam e  th e“ k i ng ’s man.” There was 
m u c hstill to  settl e ,an d  William  s ett ledt h em in  his ow n sternway.
S o  m uc h so th at  his o wn  of ten  parv e nu b aronsrevolted , and for many
a cen t ury rebelleda ga i n st theroy al authorit y, w h ich,  bac k ed  by the
c lergy  a n dE nglish, won in theen d. Ral f Gua der was quiet ed in 1074 , a nd Rober t of Be l lème, with Rob ert M owbray and Prince R obert , were
b eaten in1 0 78. Simi lar ly,  wh enR u fu s reigned, th e same  R obert M owb ray,
wi thOdo  of  Ba ye ux and ot hers, he ld  t he ir  ca stles as rebel sunt il  th ey
we r e stor med i n 10 95 .The  Celtso fb o th W al es  and  Sc ot landprov e d t roubles ome, so t o h o ld t he 
l atter f rowning Norma ncastles we re  er ecteda t  each en d of the neck
between N o rth Bri tai n and  Eng land at C arl isle a ndN ewcast le, wh ile t he 
fo r m er we r e  s hut  i n by a cha i n  of  simi la r fo rtresse s from Cheshire to the  Severn valle y,alon g wh ich ho s til it i esc o ntinued for man y a year,to th e territor i alag grandis ement o f the defende rs of the  “Marches .” 

He n r y I .’s marria ge, unit ing the o l d roy a lracewit h thene w,muchpacifi e d m atter s, orat  anyra te ga ve  the kin g still more aid from t he
Eng lishpeo ple as di sti n ctfrom theNorm an barons.  Ag ain  Robe rto f
Bel lème on  th e  Wels h bo r der revol t ed , b u t  w as driven i n t o  ex ile b y t h e
sove reig n: in the claim o f  Robert to the  thr o n e,Eng l ishm en  sided with
He nry ,a n d for th efirst timeserved a br o ad
 Saxon_origin as_an
affix, converting, for example,_the “town_by_the water”_of_Ashton into
“Ashton Tyrrold,”_and, holding the_richest lands as their_own appanage,
raised the_massive_frowning towers of Norman castles at all important
strategic points throughout the country, marking their_conquest_as by
a_sign-manual_that_they held the land, as_they had gained it, by_the
sword.

Notwithstanding that_the Norman had many friends in England, it_was
long_before the whole_country was subdued. There was fighting in the
north of_England and on the marches of_Wales; there was_prolonged
resistance_by_Hereward in the Fenland_and central forests, until, in
1071, the_“Wake” surrendered, and became the “king’s_man.” There was
much still to settle, and_William settled them in his own_stern way.
So much so that_his own_often parvenu barons revolted, and_for many
a century_rebelled against_the royal authority,_which, backed by the
clergy and English,_won in the_end. Ralf Guader was quieted in_1074,
and_Robert of Bellème,_with_Robert_Mowbray and_Prince Robert, were
beaten_in_1078. Similarly,_when_Rufus reigned, the same Robert Mowbray,
with_Odo_of Bayeux and others, held their castles_as rebels until they
were_stormed_in 1095.

The Celts of_both Wales and Scotland proved_troublesome, so to hold the
latter frowning_Norman castles_were erected_at each end of the neck
between North Britain and England at_Carlisle and Newcastle, while the
former were_shut in by a_chain of_similar_fortresses from Cheshire_to
the_Severn valley,_along which hostilities continued for many a_year,
to the_territorial aggrandisement of the defenders of_the “Marches.”

Henry I.’s marriage,_uniting_the old royal race with the_new, much
pacified matters, or at anyrate_gave the king still more_aid_from_the
English people as distinct from_the Norman barons. Again Robert of
Bellème_on the Welsh_border revolted, but was driven into exile_by_the
sovereign: in the claim of Robert_to_the throne, Englishmen sided with
Henry, and_for_the_first time served abroad