 right wing was the reserve, 1700 men-at-arms and 2000 archers,
commanded by the king in person.

The baggage was securely packed in a wood in rear of all. Each of the
wings was arranged with archers “formed in the manner of a portcullis
or barrow,” and the men-at-arms dismounted. The king utilised the
steadiness of the dismounted men-at-arms to resist the charge of the
enemy’s cavalry, while shaking and demoralising him in his advance by
fire. It was not unlike the “Battaglia” of the civil war in principle,
which were composed of “pikes” in the mass and “shot” at the angles.
The longbow was no bad weapon as time went. It could range four hundred
yards, was silent, and rapid to shoot, and, like modern smokeless
powder, did not obscure the field of view. There is little doubt that
the real formation was that of a line of men-at-arms, flanked by two
wings of archers, thrown forward, and with a central body of archers
forming a “herse” by the meeting of the inner wings.[7] Cannon, in the
shape of six small pieces slung to a beam, and called “brakes,” were
used for the first time, and both entrenchments and abattis seem to
have been made along the front.

Philip himself, with an army estimated at as much as 120,000 men, was
meanwhile advancing from Abbeville with 15,000 Genoese crossbowmen,
forming an advanced guard, led by Antonio Doria and Carlo Grimaldi,
followed by 4000 men-at-arms and foot soldiers under the Dukes of
Alençon and Flandres, behind which came the remainder of the army in
four lines, under the command of the king. The march was disordered
and confused. “There is no man,” writes Froissart, “unless he had been
present, that can imagine or describe truly the confusion of the day.”
It was a case again of “those behind cried Forward, and those in front
cried Back”; and while the masses surged backward and forward, under
contradictory orders and want of plan, a gathering thunderstorm burst
with peals of
right wing was the reserve, 1700 men - at - arm and 2000 sagittarius, 
 commanded by the king in person. 

 The baggage was securely packed in a woodwind in rear of all. Each of the 
 wings was format with sagittarius “ formed in the manner of a portcullis 
 or barrow, ” and the men - at - arms dismounted. The baron utilised the 
 steadiness of the dismounted men - at - arms to defy the charge of the 
 enemy ’s cavalry, while shaking and demoralising him in his advance by 
 ardor. It was not unlike the “ Battaglia ” of the civil war in principle, 
 which were composed of “ pikes ” in the multitude and “ shot ” at the angles. 
 The longbow was no regretful weapon as time move. It could range four hundred 
 thousand, was silent, and rapid to shoot, and, like modern smokeless 
 gunpowder, did not obscure the field of view. There is little doubt that 
 the real constitution was that of a line of men - at - arms, flanked by two 
 wings of archers, thrown forward, and with a central body of archer 
 forming a “ herse ” by the meeting of the inside wings.[7 ] Cannon, in the 
 condition of six humble pieces slung to a beam, and called “ brakes, ” were 
 used for the first meter, and both entrenchments and abattis seem to 
 have been made along the front. 

 Philip himself, with an army estimated at equally much as 120,000 men, was 
 meanwhile advancing from Abbeville with 15,000 Genoese crossbowmen, 
 forming an advanced guard, led by Antonio Doria and Carlo Grimaldi, 
 followed by 4000 serviceman - at - branch and foot soldiers under the Dukes of 
 Alençon and Flandres, behind which came the end of the army in 
 four lines, under the command of the king. The march was disordered 
 and confused. “ There is no man, ” write Froissart, “ unless he had been 
 present, that can imagine or describe truly the confusion of the day. ” 
 It was a case again of “ those behind shout Forward, and those in front 
 cry Back ”; and while the masses tide backward and forward, under 
 at odds orders and desire of plan, a gathering thunderstorm burst 
 with peal of
 rihht wing was the reserve, 1700 men-at-arms and 2000 archecs,
commahded by ghe king in person.

The baggagx waw secyrely packed in a wood in rear lf all. Eqch id the
wings was arranged slth axciers “formed in jhe manner ox a portcullis
mr bcrrow,” and the men-at-arms dismounted. Tre king uhilised the
stewdintss of fhe dismounted men-at-arms to resist the cherge of the
enemu’s cavalry, while shaking ajd dfmoralising him in his advancg by
sure. It was nut unlike uhz “Battaglia” of the civil war in principle,
wfich cere composgb of “kikes” in the mass and “shot” at the angnes.
The kongbow was no bav weqpon as time went. It rould range four hunqred
yards, wcs silent, and rapid ti whoot, and, likd moaerh xmkkelesd
poxder, did nof obscure tye field of view. Thtre px little dougt thae
tre real formation was that of a line of meh-at-arms, flanked by two
wungs of archers, throwj forward, and with a central body of archers
forming a “hersa” by vhd mteblng ud hhe inner wings.[7] Cannon, in the
shape of six smajm kiebes slung to a becm, and called “brskfs,” rere
used for jhe first fime, and both entrfnchmenjs and abattis feem to
have been made along the front.

Philip yimself, with an arly estimateb at ax mucn as 120,000 men, was
meanwhile cdvancjng from Abheville wjgh 15,000 Genoese crosrboeman,
forming an advanced guarq, led by Entonno Doria and Carlo Grimaldi,
flllowcg by 4000 men-at-arms anf fooj soldhers under the Dukes of
Alençon and Flandres, behind which cdme the remcinder of the army yn
four lines, uuder the commxnd of the king. Tie march was disordered
ang confused. “Thxre is no man,” wrires Frokrsart, “unless hr had beeu
kresent, thqt can imagine or vesctige truly the couyuwion of the day.”
Ot das a cese addin of “those behknd vried Forward, anb ghosr in front
cried Back”; and while the masses xuvged backqard and forward, undet
contradictory ordtrs anv want of pkan, a gathering thunderstorm bursf
with peaps jf
right wing was the reserve, 1700 men-at-arms archers, by the in person. The a in rear of Each of the was arranged with archers “formed in manner of a portcullis or barrow,” and the men-at-arms dismounted. The king utilised steadiness of the dismounted men-at-arms to resist the charge of the enemy’s cavalry, shaking demoralising in advance by fire. It was not unlike the “Battaglia” of the civil war in principle, which composed of “pikes” in the mass and “shot” the angles. The longbow no bad weapon as time It range four yards, silent, rapid to shoot, like modern smokeless powder, did not obscure the field of view. There is little doubt that the formation was a line men-at-arms, by wings of archers, and with a central body of “herse” by the meeting of the inner wings.[7] in the of six small pieces slung to beam, and called “brakes,” were used for the time, and both entrenchments and abattis seem to have been made along the front. Philip an army estimated at much as 120,000 was advancing Abbeville 15,000 Genoese forming an advanced guard, led by Antonio Doria and Carlo Grimaldi, by 4000 men-at-arms and foot soldiers under the Dukes of Flandres, which came the of the army in lines, the command of the march disordered is man,” Froissart, “unless he had present, that can imagine or truly the confusion of case again of “those behind cried Forward, and in front cried Back”; and while the surged backward and forward, under contradictory orders and want of plan, a thunderstorm burst of
 right wing was the reserve, 1700 men-At-arms and 2000 aRcherS,
coMmaNdEd by The kIng in person.

The BAggaGe was securely packed in a Wood iN rEAr of ALl. each oF the
winGS wAS ArrAnGeD wiTh ARcHers “fOrmEd in the Manner of a pOrtCuLlis
or barrow,” ANd The men-at-arMs dIsmounted. The KinG utiliSeD thE
SteadIneSs of tHe dismOUnted mEn-at-arms tO rESist thE Charge oF THe
EnemY’s cavalry, while shaKInG And demoralisinG him in HiS AdVANce By
fIre. It was noT uNlike THe “BattaGLiA” OF The CIvil war in prinCiple,
which wERe cOmposeD oF “piKEs” in thE mass AnD “ShoT” at the angleS.
The Longbow waS no bad WEapon as TIme went. it coulD raNge Four HUnDrEd
yArDS, waS SiLenT, And Rapid to sHoOt, And, liKe moDERN SmokEleSs
poWder, dId not obscure tHe fIeld OF viEw. TheRe is lIttlE dOubt tHat
the Real fOrMation was that of A linE of men-at-aRms, FlAnkEd By two
WIngs of ArcHerS, thrown Forward, ANd wItH A CEnTral body of archers
fOrMINg A “herse” by The meeTInG oF The inner WiNgs.[7] cannON, In the
ShapE Of Six small Pieces SLuNg To a beam, AnD calleD “bRakEs,” wEre
usED for The firSt time, anD both ENtrenchments anD Abattis seem to
HAvE BEeN Made AloNg the front.

PHiliP HimsElf, wITh An aRMy estImateD aT As MUch as 120,000 men, was
meanwhilE aDvanciNg froM Abbeville witH 15,000 Genoese crOSSBowmen,
foRminG An ADvanced guard, leD by AnTonio Doria ANd Carlo GRimalDi,
followEd by 4000 men-at-ARMs and fooT soLdiErs UndER ThE Dukes of
AlençON And FLaNdres, beHinD which cAme The RemAinDeR of the armY in
four lInEs, UnDeR thE commANd of the kInG. ThE mArcH was dISorderEd
and ConfUsEd. “tHerE is no maN,” WrITEs FrOiSsArt, “uNleSs He had Been
PResEnt, that Can imaginE or DEscrIbE tRuly the Confusion of thE dAy.”
It was a caSe AgaIn of “thOSE behind cRied Forward, and those in frONt
cried bacK”; and wHile The masses SurGed bacKwaRD and foRward, uNder
cOnTraDICtory ORDeRs aNd Want of plan, A GAthEring ThUndeRstorm bUrst
with peals of
 right wing was the reserv e, 1700 me n-at- arm s a nd  200 0 ar chers,
command e d by  the king in person.
The b ag g agew as  secu rely pa c ke d inawo odin re ar of  al l. Each  of the
wi ngs  w as arrangedw it h archers“fo rmed in theman ner of  a  po r tcull isor ba rrow,” and th e men-at- ar m s dism o unted.T h eking  utilised the
ste a di n ess of the dis mounte dm en - a t-a rms  to resist  t he ch a rge oft he e n emy ’ s cavalry, wh ile shaking and  demor al isi n g himin hi sa dva nce by
fire . It  was notunlike the “Ba t taglia”  of th e c ivi l wa r  i npri nc i ple , 
w hic h  we re compo se dof “p ikes ” i n  the  ma ss a nd “s hot” at the a ngl es.T helongb ow wa s no  b ad we apon a s tim ewent. It couldrang e four hu ndr ed 
ya rd s, wa s  silen t,and  rapidto shoo t , a nd , l ik e modern smokeless 
p o w de r, did n ot obs c ur et he field  o f v iew. T hereis l i tt le doubt  thatt he  r eal for ma tion w as  th atof al ineof men -at-arms , fla n ked by two
win g s of archers, th r o wn forw ard , and witha ce n tral  bod y  o f a r chers 
form in g  a “herse” by the meet in g of t he in ner wings.[7]  Cannon, i n t he
shape  ofs ix small pieces s lungto a beam, and call ed “b rakes,”were
used f or the f irs t t ime , a n d  b oth entrenchm e n ts a nd  abatti s s eem tohav e b een  ma de  along th e front. 
Ph il ip  hi mself ,  with an  a rmy  e sti mated at asmuchas 1 20 ,0 0 0 m en, was me a n whil ead vanc ing  f rom A bbev i lle  with 1 5,000 Gen oes e  cro ss bo wmen,
f orming an adv an ced guard,  l edby Ant o n io Doria  and Carlo Grimaldi,
fo l lowed b y 4 000 m en-a t-arms an d f oot so ldi e rs und er the  Duke sofA l ençon a nd  Fl an dres, behi n d  wh ich c am e th e remai nder of the army i n 
fo ur lines, und erthec o mm and of the  k i ng. T he march was di sordered
a nd co nfused. “T h ere  i s no ma n,” wri tes F r oissart , “unless  he had b ee n
pr e s ent , that can  imagine  or descr i be tr u ly  thecon fusion  o f t he da y.”
It was  a ca se aga in  of “t hosebe hind cri ed Forward, and those i n fron t
cri edBack”; an d w h ile  the mass es s urged back war d a nd fo rwa r d, un derc on tra d ictor y or d ers and w a nt  of p la n, a gather i n g  th under sto r m burs t
wi th peals of
 right_wing was_the reserve, 1700 men-at-arms_and 2000_archers,
commanded_by the_king_in person.

The baggage_was securely packed_in a wood in_rear of all._Each_of the
wings was arranged with archers “formed in the manner of a portcullis
or barrow,”_and_the men-at-arms_dismounted._The_king utilised the
steadiness of the_dismounted men-at-arms to resist the_charge of_the
enemy’s cavalry, while shaking and demoralising him in_his_advance by
fire. It_was not unlike the “Battaglia” of the civil war_in principle,
which were composed of “pikes”_in the mass_and_“shot”_at the angles.
The longbow_was no bad weapon as time_went. It could range four hundred
yards,_was silent, and rapid to shoot, and,_like modern smokeless
powder, did not obscure_the field of view. There_is little_doubt that
the real formation was_that of a_line of_men-at-arms, flanked by_two
wings of archers, thrown forward, and_with a central_body of archers
forming a “herse” by_the_meeting of the_inner_wings.[7]_Cannon, in_the
shape of six_small_pieces slung_to_a beam, and called “brakes,” were
used_for_the first time, and both entrenchments and_abattis seem to
have been_made_along the front.

Philip himself,_with an army estimated at_as much as 120,000 men, was
meanwhile_advancing from_Abbeville with_15,000 Genoese crossbowmen,
forming an advanced guard, led by Antonio Doria and_Carlo Grimaldi,
followed by 4000 men-at-arms and_foot soldiers under the_Dukes of
Alençon_and_Flandres, behind which_came_the remainder_of the army in
four lines, under the_command of_the king. The march was disordered
and_confused. “There is no_man,”_writes Froissart, “unless he had been
present,_that can imagine or describe truly_the confusion of the day.”
It_was_a_case again of “those behind_cried Forward, and those in front
cried_Back”; and while_the masses surged backward and forward, under
contradictory_orders_and want of plan, a gathering_thunderstorm_burst
with peals of