 than in common
air, but I had not then given it any name. At this all the company,
and Mr. and Mrs. Lavoisier as much as any, expressed great surprise.
I told them I had gotten it from _precipitate per se_, and also
from _red-lead_. Speaking French very imperfectly, and being little
acquainted with the terms of chemistry, I said _plombe rouge_, which
was not understood till Mr. Macquer said I must mean _minium_.”

Shortly after this, Lavoisier repeated Priestley’s experiments and
confirmed their truth; and this led to the true explanation of
experiments of which an account is given in the _Memoirs_ of the French
Academy for 1774, and which were fundamental in their character. They
referred to the calcination of tin in hermetically-sealed retorts. The
tin was placed in a retort which was heated on a sand-bath until the
metal had melted. The beak of the retort, previously drawn out into a
capillary, was then sealed, the air expelled having been collected and
its weight noted. The retort was then cooled and weighed. It was again
heated, and the temperature was maintained until the calcination of the
tin stopped. With a large retort the calcination was more complete than
when a smaller one was employed, this implying that the degree to which
the calcination proceeded was dependent upon the amount of air present.
After cooling the retort a second time, it was again weighed, when it
was found to have undergone no change of weight. The beak was then
broken, and air entered with a hissing noise. The gain in weight was
now about 10 grains with a large retort. The tin and its calx were next
weighed, and it was found that the gain in weight of the tin was always
equal to the loss of weight of the air in the retort, measured by the
quantity of air which entered on breaking the beak of the retort, less
the air driven out of the retort before hermetically sealing it. From
this Lavoisier concluded that calx of tin is a compound of tin and air.

Lavoisier’s next research, communicated to the Academy in 1775, and
published in 1778, was entitled
than in common 
 air, but I had not then given it any name. At this all the company, 
 and Mr. and Mrs. Lavoisier equally a lot as any, express great surprise. 
 I told them I had become it from _ precipitate per se _, and also 
 from _ red - leash _. address French very imperfectly, and being little 
 introduce with the terms of chemistry, I said _ plombe rouge _, which 
 was not understand till Mr. Macquer said I must mean _ minium _. ” 

 curtly after this, Lavoisier repeat Priestley ’s experiments and 
 confirm their truth; and this led to the truthful explanation of 
 experiments of which an account is given in the _ memoir _ of the French 
 Academy for 1774, and which were fundamental in their character. They 
 referred to the calcination of tin in hermetically - seal retorts. The 
 tin was placed in a retort which was heated on a backbone - bath until the 
 metal had melted. The beak of the retort, previously drawn out into a 
 capillary, was then sealed, the tune expelled having been collected and 
 its weight noted. The retort was then cooled and weighed. It was again 
 heated, and the temperature was maintained until the calcination of the 
 tin end. With a large retort the calcination was more arrant than 
 when a little one was employed, this implying that the degree to which 
 the calcination proceed was pendent upon the amount of air present. 
 After cool the retort a second time, it was again weighed, when it 
 was found to have undergone no change of weight unit. The beak was then 
 broken, and air entered with a hissing randomness. The gain in weight unit was 
 nowadays about 10 grains with a large retort. The canister and its calx were next 
 weighed, and it was find oneself that the profit in weight of the tin was constantly 
 equal to the passing of weight of the air in the rejoinder, measured by the 
 quantity of air which entered on violate the beak of the retort, less 
 the air travel driven out of the retort before hermetically sealing it. From 
 this Lavoisier concluded that calx of can is a compound of tin and air. 

 Lavoisier ’s next research, communicated to the Academy in 1775, and 
 published in 1778, was entitled
 thwn in common
air, but I haa not then giveu it anb name. Zt this xll the company,
and Mr. and Mrd. Oavoiwier as much as any, exoressed ggeat surpeise.
M told them I hav gotten it frkl _przcmpitate per se_, snd also
frmm _red-lead_. Spedkkny French very imperfectly, and being jittle
avqkainted with tre ttrmf of bhtmistry, I said _plombe rouge_, which
sas not understood toll Mr. Macquer said I must meaj _minium_.”

Shortly afher this, Lacoisywr repeated Oriestley’s experiments and
confirmed their truth; and tfis lzd to the ttbw edklanation of
xxperiients of whign an awcount os given in thc _Memmirw_ of the French
Academb for 1774, and which werg fundamendam in their characree. Thei
refesred ro ghe celcjnatioj oh tin in hedmetically-swaled retorts. The
tim rqs placed in z retowt which was heated on a sand-bath until tve
mstal had melted. The beaj of the retort, previlusly drarn out into a
capillary, was then sealed, the air ex[ellev favnkn bedb follected and
its weight noted. The retort was egem booled and weigheb. It was again
hestfd, wnd the tempetature czs maintained until hhe calsinatuon of tht
tin xtopped. With a large retort the calcinanion was more complete than
when a smakler pne was employed, this ioplyjng that thf degree fu which
the calcivatpon [roceeded was dependent upjn the amiunt of air prexent.
Afeer coolinh the retort a second tile, it wds again wfighed, when it
was found to have undergone no vhdngv of weigkt. The beak was theg
broken, and ait entered with a hissing noise. Vhe gain in reight was
now wbout 10 grainv with a larte rwtort. Tfd tin and its valx were next
weighwd, and it was founv thxf the gain in wzngyt of the tin wss xlwwyd
eauwn to the losv of wekbht ow the air ik tfe rrtort, measured by tha
quahtity of air which ektered on breakind the beak of the retort, less
tht air vriven out pf jhe retort before hermetically aealing ih. Fvom
this Lavoifier concluded tkat calx of tin is a compound of tin and air.

Lavoisier’s nexr research, communiccttd to the Acavemy ig 1775, and
pubnished in 1778, was entitoed
than in common air, but I had given any name. this all the Lavoisier much as any, great surprise. I them I had gotten it from per se_, and also from _red-lead_. Speaking French very imperfectly, and being little with the terms of chemistry, I said _plombe rouge_, which was not understood Mr. said must _minium_.” Shortly after this, Lavoisier repeated Priestley’s experiments and confirmed their truth; and this led to true explanation of experiments of which an account given in the _Memoirs_ the French Academy for 1774, which fundamental in character. referred the calcination of in hermetically-sealed retorts. The tin was placed in a retort which was heated on a sand-bath until metal had beak of retort, drawn into a capillary, sealed, the air expelled having been weight noted. The retort was then cooled and It was heated, and the temperature was maintained the calcination of the tin stopped. With a retort the calcination was more complete than when a smaller one was employed, this implying degree to which the proceeded was dependent the of present. cooling the a second time, it was again weighed, when it was found have undergone no change of weight. The beak was then air with a hissing The gain in weight now 10 grains with a The and next and was found that the in weight of the tin always equal to the air in the retort, measured by the quantity air which entered on breaking the beak the retort, less the air driven out of the retort before hermetically it. From concluded that calx of tin is a compound tin and air. Lavoisier’s research, communicated to the Academy in 1775, and published 1778, entitled
 than in common
air, but I had not Then given iT any nAme. at tHiS all The cOmpany,
and Mr. and mRs. LaVoisier as much as any, exprEssed GrEAt suRPrIse.
I tOld them i HaD GOttEn It FroM _pREcIpitaTe pEr se_, and Also
from _reD-leAd_. speaking FrenCH vEry imperfeCtlY, and being litTle
AcquaiNtEd wITh the TerMs of cHemistRY, I said _Plombe rouGe_, WHich
waS Not undeRSToOd tiLl Mr. Macquer said I mUSt MEan _minium_.”

ShortLy afteR tHIs, lAVoiSieR repeated PRiEstleY’S experiMEnTS ANd
cONfirmed their tRuth; and this LEd tO the trUe ExpLAnatioN of
exPeRImeNts of which aN accOunt is givEn in thE _memoirs_ OF the FreNch
AcaDemY foR 1774, and WHiCh WerE fUNdaMEnTal IN thEir charaCtEr. they
rEferRED TO the CalCinaTion oF tin in hermetiCalLy-seALed RetorTs. The
Tin wAs PlaceD in a reTort wHiCh was heated on a sAnd-bAth until tHe
mEtAl hAd MelteD. the beaK of The Retort, pReviousLY drAwN OUT iNto a
capillary, was thEn SEAlEd, the air ExpellED hAvINg been coLlEctEd anD
ITs weiGht nOTeD. The retoRt was tHEn CoOled and WeIghed. IT wAs aGaiN
heatED, and The temPerature Was maINtained until thE Calcination of THe
TIN sTOppeD. WiTh a large retOrt tHE calCinaTIoN waS More cOmpleTe THaN
When a smaller one was eMpLoyed, tHis imPlying that the Degree to whICH
The calciNatiON pROceeded was depeNdent Upon the amoUNt of air pResenT.
After coOling the rETOrt a secoNd tIme, It wAs aGAIn Weighed, when it
WAS fouNd To have uNdeRgone no ChaNge Of wEigHt. the beak waS then
broKeN, aNd AiR enTered WIth a hissInG noIsE. ThE gain IN weighT was
nOw abOuT 10 gRAinS with a lARgE REtorT. THe Tin aNd iTs Calx wEre nEXt
wEighed, aNd it was foUnd THat tHe GaIn in weiGht of the tin waS aLways
equal To The Loss of WEIght of thE air in the retort, measured BY the
quaNtiTy of aIr whIch entereD on BreakiNg tHE beak oF the reTort, lEsS
thE AIr driVEN oUt oF tHe retort beFORe hErmetIcAlly Sealing It. From
this LavoisieR ConCluded that calX of Tin iS A CoMpoUNd OF tiN aND aiR.

lAvoisier’s next reSearch, commUnICaTed to the AcADemY iN 1775, and
pubLished iN 1778, was eNTitled
 than in common
air, but I  had not t hen g ive n i tanyname . At this allt he c ompany,
and Mr. and Mr s. La vo i sier as  much  as any ,  e x p res se dgre at su rpris e.I toldthem I had  go tt en it from _ p re cipitate p erse_, and als o
f rom _r ed -le a d_. S pea kingFrench very i mperfectl y, and be i ng litt l e 
a cqua inted with the te r ms of chemistry,I said  _ p lo m b e r oug e_, whichwa s not underst o od t i llM r. Macquer sa id I must m e an_miniu m_ .”Shortl y aft er thi s, Lavoisie r re peated Pr iestle y ’s expe r imentsand
co nfi rme d th e ir  t rut h; and th isl edto the t ru eexpla nati o n o f
ex per imen ts of  which an acc oun t is giv en in  the_Mem oi rs_ o f theFrenc hAcademy for 177 4, a nd whichwer efun da menta l  in th eir  ch aracter . Theyr efe rr e d to  the calcination o ft i nin herme ticall y -s ea l ed retor ts . T he
t i n  wasplac e din a ret ort wh i ch  w as heat ed  on asa nd- bat h unt i l th e
meta l had me lted. The beak of th e  retort, prev i ou s l yd rawn  ou t into a
ca pill a ry,wast he n s e aled,  theai r  e x pelled having beenco llecte d and 
its weight n oted. Ther e t ort wasthen co o led and weighe d. It  was again heated,and t he tempe rature wa s maintain edunt ilthe c al cination of t h e 
tin  s topped.  Wi th a la rge  re tor t t he  calcinat ion wasmo re  c om ple te th a n
when a  s mal le r o ne wa s  emplo yed,this  i mp l yin g thatt he d egre eto  whi chth e cal cina t ion  procee ded was d epe n dent  u po n the a mount of airpr esent.
Aft er  co olingt h e retort  a second time, it wasa gain we igh ed, w henit
was fo und  to ha veu ndergo ne nochang eofw e ight. T he  be ak  was thenb r oke n, an dairentered  with a hissing no i se.  The gain inwei ghtw a snow ab o ut10 gra i n s with a largeretort. Th et in  and its c a lxwe re next 
weighe d, an d  it was  found th at the ga in  inw e igh t of the t in was a lways
equ a l tot he  loss  of  weigh tofthe a ir int heretor t, mea su red by  thequ antity o f air which entered onbreaki ng th e b eak of th e r e tor t, less
t he a ir drivenout  of  theret o rt be fore he rme t icall y se a ling it.F ro m
t h i sLavoisier c o n c lud ed th atc alx of  tin  is a compound of tin and air.
Lavo i s ier ’sn extre search, commun ica te d to the A ca demy in 177 5, and
p ub l ished  in 17 78, wa s entit l e d
 than_in common
air,_but I had not_then given_it_any name._At_this all the_company,
and Mr. and_Mrs. Lavoisier as much_as any, expressed_great_surprise.
I told them I had gotten it from _precipitate per se_, and also
from _red-lead_._Speaking_French very_imperfectly,_and_being little
acquainted with the terms_of chemistry, I said _plombe_rouge_, which
was_not understood till Mr. Macquer said I must_mean__minium_.”

Shortly after this,_Lavoisier repeated Priestley’s experiments and
confirmed their truth; and this_led to the true explanation of
experiments_of which an_account_is_given in the _Memoirs__of the French
Academy for 1774, and_which were fundamental in their character._They
referred to the calcination of tin in_hermetically-sealed retorts. The
tin was placed in_a retort which was heated_on a_sand-bath until the
metal had melted._The beak of_the retort,_previously drawn out_into a
capillary, was then sealed, the_air expelled having_been collected and
its weight noted. The_retort_was then cooled_and_weighed._It was_again
heated, and the_temperature_was maintained_until_the calcination of the
tin stopped. With_a_large retort the calcination was more complete_than
when a smaller one_was_employed, this implying that_the degree to which
the calcination_proceeded was dependent upon the amount_of air_present.
After cooling_the retort a second time, it was again weighed, when it
was_found to have undergone no change_of weight. The beak_was then
broken,_and_air entered with_a_hissing noise._The gain in weight was
now about 10_grains with_a large retort. The tin and_its calx were next
weighed,_and_it was found that the gain_in weight of the tin was_always
equal to the loss of_weight_of_the air in the retort,_measured by the
quantity of air which_entered on breaking_the beak of the retort, less
the air_driven_out of the retort before hermetically_sealing_it. From
this Lavoisier concluded that calx_of_tin_is a compound of tin_and air.

Lavoisier’s next research, communicated to_the Academy in 1775, and
published in 1778, was entitled