 in his physical
structure are strengthened by evidences which he has left strewn behind
him in his long march down the ages. Only a single conclusion can be
drawn from these vestiges of man excavated from caves and gravels,
namely, that they indicate a gradual and steady progression upward from
a very low condition, while they nowhere give evidence of the
traditional fall of man.

This is certainly the case with the relics of human workmanship. They
begin with the rudest chipped stones, and very slowly improve in form
and finish and become more varied, as we move upward in our search. The
ground and polished stones follow, and the variety of implements
considerably increases, until at length the age of metal, with its
developed industries, is reached. The only seeming evidence of superior
intellect to be found in this gradual progress is that of the drawings
and carvings left us by one group of palaeolithic men. But the actual
mental development indicated by these becomes problematical when we
consider that similar drawings are made to-day by the Bushmen of South
Africa, a race of men occupying a very low mental stage. From this fact
we may fairly conclude that the possession of a simple graphic art does
not necessarily indicate any considerable intellectual advance.

If we consider the remains of man himself, the few bones which mark his
early pathway through time, a similar conclusion must be drawn.
Beginning with Pithecanthropus, which science is yet in doubt whether to
class with the apes or with men, we pass upward to the bestial
Neanderthal man and his fellows of the same low type. Of the sparse
remains of palaeolithic man that exist, the most are of this degraded
type. The cranial capacity is usually not small. They had the full brain
development of man. But this simply assimilates them with the low races
of existing savages, many of whom have not developed the simple art of
chipping stone to form weapons and yet have brains of normal human
weight.

In truth, the influences under which the development of the brain took
place were not what we now call intellectual. Developing man used his
mental powers actively in his dealings with the hostile forces of
surrounding nature, and nearly all the forces of evolution were brought
to bear upon the organ of the mind, the body remaining practically

in his physical 
 structure are strengthened by evidences which he has leave strew behind 
 him in his long march down the ages. entirely a single conclusion can be 
 draw from these vestiges of man excavate from caves and gravels, 
 namely, that they argue a gradual and steady progression up from 
 a very broken condition, while they nowhere render evidence of the 
 traditional fall of man. 

 This is surely the case with the relics of human workmanship. They 
 get down with the rudest chipped stones, and very slowly improve in kind 
 and finish and become more varied, as we move upward in our search. The 
 ground and polished stone follow, and the variety of implements 
 considerably increases, until at duration the age of metal, with its 
 developed industries, is reached. The only seeming evidence of superior 
 intellect to be found in this gradual advancement is that of the drawing 
 and carvings leave us by one group of paleolithic valet. But the actual 
 mental development indicate by these become problematical when we 
 consider that exchangeable drawings are made to - day by the Bushmen of South 
 Africa, a race of men occupying a very depleted mental stage. From this fact 
 we may fairly conclude that the possession of a simple graphic artwork does 
 not inevitably bespeak any considerable intellectual advance. 

 If we consider the cadaver of man himself, the few bones which mark his 
 early pathway through time, a similar conclusion must be drawn. 
 Beginning with Pithecanthropus, which skill is yet in doubt whether to 
 class with the apes or with men, we pass up to the bestial 
 boorish man and his fellows of the same low character. Of the sparse 
 remains of palaeolithic man that exist, the most are of this degrade 
 character. The cranial capacity is usually not small. They have the full brain 
 development of man. But this merely assimilates them with the low race 
 of existing savages, many of whom have not developed the simple art of 
 chipping gem to form weapons and yet have brains of normal human 
 weight. 

 In truth, the influence under which the growth of the brain took 
 place were not what we now call intellectual. develop man used his 
 mental baron actively in his dealing with the hostile forces of 
 surrounding nature, and nearly all the effect of evolution were brought 
 to bear upon the organ of the mind, the body stay practically
 in his physical
structure ave strengthened yt evidxnces wgich he fas left strewn behind
him in hus lobg march down the ages. Only a spngle conxlusmon can be
drawn hdom these vesflges mh man excavated from cavev and gravels,
ndmdlv, that they indicate a gradual and seeady ptohression upwarq frpi
a vsgy low condition, while they nowgere gine evidence of thr
traditional fall of man.

Thls id certainly the cade with the relyxs of human dorkmanshik. Chey
begin wjth the rudest chipped stones, avd vexy slowly inpeovf in form
and finifh and becomc more earied, ss we move upwsrd in our search. The
ground and polished stongs follow, dnb the variety of implwmwnts
cmnsigeracoy kncdeesea, untip av length ths age of meral, with its
developtd ybdustries, is deacheq. Ehe only seeming evidence of superior
inuelledt to be found in this tradual progress is tjat of thq drawings
and carvings left us by one group of panaeolmtfic mcn. Bjr hhe actual
mental development indicated by thefs nebomes problematiccl when we
considrr tnwt similar drxwings ars made to-day by thf Bushmgn of Wouth
Afrisa, a race of men occupying a veey low mentaj stage. From this fcct
we may fanrly cpncluce that the possession uf a simple graohic art sues
not necessariuy pndiwate any considerable intejlectual edvanee.

If we zonsoder tre remains of man himself, the few hones wvich mark jis
early pathway through time, a similar conclosimn kust be brawn.
Bcginning with Pythecanthropus, which fcienze is yet pn doubt xhether to
clwss with the dkes or with mxn, we pasf upqard to the cestial
Neanderyhal man cud his feolows of the same kow fype. Of the spaxrt
rwmains of palarolkthyc men thwd exist, the kost ard of tfis degradeb
thpe. Yhe cranial capacity is hsually not small. Yhcy had thg full brwin
developmeny of man. But this dimplb assioilatrs jhem with the low races
of existjng savagfs, iany of whom havc noj developed the simple art of
chipping stone to forn weapons and yet yave brains of normcl human
weighv.

In trtth, the itfluences under whicy the development of the brain took
plade wera not what we now call intellectual. Developing man used his
mental powers activwly in his dealinga wiyh thv hjxtile sorcxs of
surrounding nsture, and nearly all the forces of evolgtnon were brought
to bear upon yhd organ of thg mind, the body remaining lracticakly

in his physical structure are strengthened by he left strewn him in his Only single conclusion can drawn from these of man excavated from caves and namely, that they indicate a gradual and steady progression upward from a very condition, while they nowhere give evidence of the traditional fall of man. This certainly case the of human workmanship. They begin with the rudest chipped stones, and very slowly improve in form finish and become more varied, as we move in our search. The and polished stones follow, and variety implements considerably until length age of metal, its developed industries, is reached. The only seeming evidence of superior intellect to be found in this progress is the drawings carvings us one group of But the actual mental development indicated problematical when we consider that similar drawings are to-day by Bushmen of South Africa, a race men occupying a very low mental stage. From fact we may fairly conclude that the possession of a simple graphic art does not any considerable intellectual advance. we consider the of himself, few which mark early pathway through time, a similar conclusion must be drawn. Beginning Pithecanthropus, which science is yet in doubt whether to class apes with men, we upward to the bestial man his fellows of the type. the palaeolithic that the most are of degraded type. The cranial capacity usually not small. They of man. But this simply assimilates them with low races of existing savages, many of have not developed the simple art of chipping stone to form weapons yet have normal human weight. In truth, the influences under the development of the took place were not what we now call intellectual. man his mental actively in his with the hostile of surrounding nature, all the of were upon the organ of the mind, body practically
 in his physical
structure are StrengthenEd by eVidEncEs WhicH he hAs left strewn beHInd
hIm in his long march down thE ages. onLY a siNGlE concLusion cAN bE
DRawN fRoM thEsE VeStigeS of Man excaVated from cAveS aNd gravels,
namELy, That they inDicAte a gradual aNd sTeady pRoGreSSion uPwaRd froM
a very LOw condItion, whilE tHEy nowhERe give eVIDeNce oF the
traditional faLL oF Man.

This is certaInly thE cASe WITh tHe rElics of humAn WorkmANship. ThEY
bEGIN wiTH the rudest chiPped stones, aND veRy slowLy ImpROve in fOrm
anD fINisH and become mOre vAried, as we Move upWArd in ouR Search. THe
grouNd aNd pOlisHEd StOneS fOLloW, AnD thE VarIety of imPlEmEnts
cOnsiDERABly iNcrEaseS, untiL at length the aGe oF metAL, wiTh its
DevelOped InDustrIes, is rEacheD. THe only seeming evIdenCe of superIor
InTelLeCt to bE Found iN thIs gRadual pRogress IS thAt OF THe Drawings
and carvingS lEFT uS by one grOup of pALaEoLIthic men. buT thE actUAL
mentAl deVElOpment inDicateD By ThEse becoMeS problEmAtiCal When wE
ConsIder thAt similaR drawINgs are made to-daY By the Bushmen oF soUTH
AFRica, A raCe of men occuPyinG A verY low MEnTal STage. FRom thIs FAcT
We may fairly conclude ThAt the pOssesSion of a simple Graphic art DOES
not neceSsarILy INdicate any consIderaBle intelleCTual advaNce.

If We considEr the remaINS of man hiMseLf, tHe fEw bONEs Which mark his
eARLy paThWay throUgh Time, a siMilAr cOncLusIoN must be drAwn.
BeginNiNg WiTh pitHecanTHropus, whIcH scIeNce Is yet IN doubt WhethEr to
ClAsS WitH the apeS Or WITh meN, wE pAss uPwaRd To the BestIAl
NEandertHal man and His FElloWs Of The same Low type. Of the sPaRse
remains Of PalAeolitHIC man that Exist, the most are of this deGRaded
tyPe. THe craNial Capacity iS usUally nOt sMAll. TheY had thE full BrAin
DEVelopMENt Of mAn. but this simPLY asSimilAtEs thEm with tHe low races
of existiNG saVages, many of whOm hAve nOT DeVelOPeD The SiMPle ART of
chipping stonE to form weaPoNS aNd yet have bRAinS oF normal Human
weIght.

IN Truth, thE influencEs under whIcH the DEVelOpment of thE brain toOk
place weRE not wHAt We now CalL intelLeCtuAl. DevElopinG Man Used hIs
mentAl Powers ActivElY in his deAlings with the hostile forCes of
sUrrouNdiNg nature, aNd nEArlY all the foRces Of evolutioN weRe bRoughT
to BEar upOn thE OrGan OF the mInd, tHE body remaINiNg pRACtIcally

 in his physical
structure  are stren gthen edbyev iden ceswhich he has l e ft s trewn behind
him in hi s lon gm arch do wn th e ages. On l y  asi ng leco n cl usion  ca n be
dr awn from t hes evestiges ofm an  excavated  fr om caves and  gr avels, 
n ame l y, th attheyindica t e a gr adual and  s t eady p r ogressi o n  u pwar d from
a very low co n dition, whilethey n ow h er e giv e e vidence of  t he
tr a ditiona l  f a l l  of man.

This is  certainlyt hecase w it h t h e reli cs of  h u man  workmanshi p. T hey
begin  witht he rude s t chipp ed sto nes , a nd v e ry  s low ly imp r ov e i n  fo rm
and f in is h and  bec o m e more  va ried , aswe move upwar d i n ou r  se arch.  Thegrou nd  andpolish ed st on es follow, andthevariety o f i mp lem en ts
co n sidera bly  in creases , until atle n g t hthe age of metal,wi t h  i ts
devel oped i n du st r ies, isre ach ed.T h e onl y se e mi ng evide nce of su pe rior
in te llectto  be  fo und i n  thi s grad ual prog ressi s that of thed rawings
and c a rv i n gs left  us  by one gro up o f  pal aeol i th icm en. B ut th ea ct u al
mental developme nt  indic atedby these beco mes proble m a t ical whe n we co n sider that sim ilardrawings a r e made t o-day  by theBushmen o f South
Af ric a,a r ace o fmen occupying a  ver ylow men tal  stage.  Fr omthi s f ac t
we mayfairly c on cl ud etha t the possessi on  of  a  si mpleg raphic  artdoes 
n ot nec essaril y  i n d icat ean y co nsi de rable  int e lle ctual a dvance.
Ifw e co ns id er theremains of ma nhimself, t he  fe w bone s which ma rk his
early pathway th r ough ti me,  a si mila r conclus ion  mustbed rawn.Beginn ing w it h P i t hecan t h ro pus ,which scie n c e i s yet  i n do ubt whe ther to
class with the  apes or with  me n, w e pa ssu pw a rdto the b estial
Neandert hal man an dh is  fellows o f  th esame lo w type.  Of t h e spars e
remains  of palae ol ithi c man  that exis t, the m ost are o f  this de grade d
t ype. T he  cr anial  capac i tyis us uallyno t smal l. Th ey  had the  full brain
development  of ma n. Bu t t his simpl y a s sim ilates th em w ith the lo w r ace s
ofexi s tingsava g es , m a ny of  who m  have not de vel o p ed  the simple a r t o f
chi ppi n g ston e to  form weapons and yet have brain s of n orm alh uman 
w eight.

In tru th,  t h e  influen ce s under whi ch the d ev e lopme nt ofthe br ain too k pl a ce wer e no t w hat we no w c al l  intell ec tu a l. Dev elop in g manused h i s
me n t al powers active ly in h is de a lin gs wi th  the ho s tile  forces of 
surroundin g natu re,and n early a ll  the f orc es  of evolut i on were b rough t
to be ar  upo n t he org an o f the m ind,  t hebody rema i n in g  p ra c tic ally 

 in_his physical
structure_are strengthened by evidences_which he_has_left strewn_behind
him_in his long_march down the_ages. Only a single_conclusion can be
drawn_from_these vestiges of man excavated from caves and gravels,
namely, that they indicate a gradual_and_steady progression_upward_from
a_very low condition, while they_nowhere give evidence of the
traditional_fall of_man.

This is certainly the case with the relics_of_human workmanship. They
begin_with the rudest chipped stones, and very slowly improve_in form
and finish and become more_varied, as we_move_upward_in our search. The
ground_and polished stones follow, and the_variety of implements
considerably increases, until at_length the age of metal, with its
developed_industries, is reached. The only seeming_evidence of superior
intellect to be_found in_this gradual progress is that_of the drawings
and_carvings left_us by one_group of palaeolithic men. But the_actual
mental development indicated_by these becomes problematical when we
consider_that_similar drawings are_made_to-day_by the_Bushmen of South
Africa,_a_race of_men_occupying a very low mental stage._From_this fact
we may fairly conclude that the_possession of a simple_graphic_art does
not necessarily indicate_any considerable intellectual advance.

If we_consider the remains of man himself,_the few_bones which_mark his
early pathway through time, a similar conclusion must be drawn.
Beginning_with Pithecanthropus, which science is yet_in doubt whether to
class_with the_apes_or with men,_we_pass upward_to the bestial
Neanderthal man and his fellows_of the_same low type. Of the sparse
remains_of palaeolithic man that_exist,_the most are of this degraded
type._The cranial capacity is usually not_small. They had the full_brain
development_of_man. But this simply assimilates_them with the low races
of existing_savages, many of_whom have not developed the simple art_of
chipping_stone to form weapons and yet_have_brains of normal human
weight.

In truth, the_influences_under_which the development of the_brain took
place were not what we_now call intellectual. Developing man used his
mental powers actively_in his dealings_with the hostile forces of
surrounding_nature,_and_nearly all the forces of evolution were brought
to bear upon_the organ_of the mind,_the body remaining practically
