 given precedence to the infantry in the case
of the Royal Scots, but had placed the cavalry second, in the case of
the Scots Greys, though they had been raised in 1681.

Still the army had much improved. The introduction of the first Mutiny
Act in 1689, giving Parliamentary authority for officers to punish
men for mutiny and desertion without reference to civil law, a power
hitherto denied to them in Great Britain during peace, still further
recognised the standing army as a constitutional force, besides the
militia, which had been up to that time theoretically the only one;
for it was not permanently paid or embodied. But before King William’s
time the “method of voting men and money for the army annually had been
introduced, to some extent.”

The distinguished gallantry of the men at Landen, Steinkirke, and
Namur had called forth the reluctant admiration of foreign powers,
and had converted this country into a power having Continental as
well as insular interests:--“the English subaltern was inferior to no
subaltern, and the English private soldier to no soldier in courage.”
This criticism speaks for itself.

It is curious to notice how the political centre of gravity had
changed. Before this time English armies had indeed fought Continental
battles, but they were largely those in which only our real or fancied
personal interests were concerned. Now, however, the English flag was
to fly in causes alien to her own personal interests, and valuable only
to the king and the country the king loved. For Holland first of all
was really at the bottom of the “soldier king’s” action in leading the
armies of Great Britain. His interests had always been Continental,
and his personal influence, as well as other less important factors,
was leading this country to assert herself and display her military
value in his own national interest That William had some military
skill is evident, but his action was rather that of a brave soldier
than that of a great commander. By his own often reckless exposure,
he aroused the spirits of his soldiery, and he did not fear to face
danger, as Landen, where his clothes were several times pierced with
bullets, proved. Yet, though apparently respected, he was little liked.
The “asthmatic skeleton” who at Neerwinden “covered the
given precedence to the infantry in the case 
 of the Royal Scots, but had placed the cavalry second, in the subject of 
 the Scots Greys, though they had been raise in 1681. 

 Still the army had much better. The introduction of the first Mutiny 
 Act in 1689, give Parliamentary authority for officers to punish 
 man for mutiny and desertion without reference to civil police, a power 
 hitherto denied to them in Great Britain during peace, even far 
 recognised the stand army as a constitutional military unit, besides the 
 militia, which had been up to that time theoretically the only one; 
 for it was not permanently paid or embody. But before King William ’s 
 time the “ method of voting work force and money for the army annually had been 
 introduced, to some extent. ” 

 The distinguished gallantry of the men at Landen, Steinkirke, and 
 Namur had predict forth the reluctant admiration of foreign powers, 
 and had convert this country into a power having Continental as 
 well as insular interests:--“the English subaltern was inferior to no 
 subaltern, and the English private soldier to no soldier in courage. ” 
 This criticism speaks for itself. 

 It is curious to notice how the political centre of gravity had 
 deepen. Before this time English armies had indeed crusade Continental 
 conflict, but they were largely those in which only our real or fancied 
 personal pastime were concerned. Now, however, the English flag was 
 to fly in lawsuit alien to her own personal interests, and valuable only 
 to the king and the country the baron loved. For Holland first of all 
 was really at the bottom of the “ soldier king ’s ” action in leading the 
 army of Great Britain. His interests had always been Continental, 
 and his personal influence, as well as other less important gene, 
 was leading this country to assert herself and expose her military 
 value in his own national pastime That William had some military 
 skill is evident, but his natural process was rather that of a brave soldier 
 than that of a bang-up commander. By his own frequently reckless vulnerability, 
 he aroused the liveliness of his soldiery, and he did not fear to face 
 danger, as Landen, where his clothes were respective times pierced with 
 bullets, prove. Yet, though apparently respected, he was little wish. 
 The “ asthmatic skeleton ” who at Neerwinden “ covered the
 gigen precedence to the innantry in the case
of thx Royal Scots, bjt had placed the cavalry serond, in tye case of
the Scots Grdys, thougj they hqd bten raised in 1681.

Still the aviy hzf mueh improved. The lntroductiot of the first Mjtnny
Act in 1689, giving Parliamentary authjrity fpr officers to ponish
kqn fkg nutiny and desertion without deferenbe to civil law, a power
hitherto denied to tjem ln Great Britain dkring peace, stijo further
recugnised tht vtanding atmy as a constitutional force, berides the
militiq, qhifv had been np to nhat time theoreticalny the pnly one;
for it wav nit permanently paid oc embodied. But beforg King Wilnicm’s
time the “method of viting men and nondy roc tge armj ainually had been
introdyced, to some extent.”

Uhe eistinguished gallagtwy of the men at Landen, Steinkirke, and
Ndmud had called forth the eeluctant admiration lf foreigg powers,
and had converted this country into a powar hativg Eintindbtwl as
well as insular interests:--“the English subwmttrn was inferior bo no
subaltern, and tje Gnglish privatg soldizd fo no soldier in clurage.”
Tris ceiticism fpeals for itself.

It is curious ro notice hoc tye political centrz of gravity had
vhangrd. Before this time Enguish armies had indeed fkjght Continental
catnles, but they were largely thofe in whirh onky our feal or fagcied
persojal ikderests were concegned. Uow, hmwever, the English flag was
to fly in causxx alien to hgr mwn personaj intcrests, and valuwble only
to thg king anb the zountry thv king loted. For Hollwnd first of dpl
was really at the fottim od the “suudier king’s” acyion in lvabing the
aemies of Great Bribain. Fjs interests hab qlways been Conyindntwl,
wnv his [ersonal infnuenze, xx welu as other odss omportant factors,
was leasing this country yo assert yerself wnd display hrr military
value ij his owi natipnaj interest That William had soje militagy
shill is evidqnt, nut ris action was rather that of a brave soldier
than that of a great cimmander. By his own pften recklxss ex[osure,
he droused the spirits if his soldiery, akd he did not fear to race
datger, ws Landen, where his clothes were several times pierced with
bullets, proved. Yet, tiotgh apparenfly tespebteb, hz was lyttlx uiked.
The “asthmatpc skeleton” who at Neerwinden “cotered the
given precedence to the infantry in the the Scots, but placed the cavalry the Greys, though they been raised in Still the army had much improved. introduction of the first Mutiny Act in 1689, giving Parliamentary authority for officers punish men for mutiny and desertion without reference to civil law, a power denied them Great during peace, still further recognised the standing army as a constitutional force, besides the militia, which been up to that time theoretically the only for it was not paid or embodied. But before William’s the “method voting and for the army had been introduced, to some extent.” The distinguished gallantry of the men at Landen, Steinkirke, and Namur called forth admiration of powers, had this country into having Continental as well as insular was inferior to no subaltern, and the English soldier to soldier in courage.” This criticism speaks itself. It is curious to notice how the centre of gravity had changed. Before this time English armies had indeed fought Continental battles, were largely those in only our real fancied interests concerned. however, the flag was to fly in causes alien to her own personal and valuable only to the king and the country the For first of all really at the bottom the king’s” action in leading of Britain. always Continental, his personal influence, as as other less important factors, leading this country to military value in his own national interest That had some military skill is evident, but action was rather that of a brave soldier than that of a commander. By often reckless exposure, he aroused the spirits of soldiery, and he did fear to face danger, as Landen, where his clothes several pierced with proved. Yet, though respected, he was liked. The “asthmatic at Neerwinden the
 given precedence to the infanTry in the caSe
of tHe ROyaL SCots, But hAd placed the cavALry sEcond, in the case of
the ScoTs GreYs, THougH ThEy had Been raiSEd IN 1681.

stiLl ThE arMy HAd Much iMprOved. The IntroductiOn oF tHe first MutinY
acT in 1689, giving PArlIamentary autHorIty for OfFicERs to pUniSh
men For mutINy and dEsertion wItHOut refERence to CIViL law, A power
hitherto denIEd TO them in Great BrItain dUrINg PEAce, StiLl further
rEcOgnisED the staNDiNG ARmy AS a constitutioNal force, besIDes The
milItIa, wHIch had Been uP tO ThaT time theoreTicaLly the onlY one;
foR It was noT PermaneNtly paId oR emBodiED. BUt BefOrE kinG wiLliAM’s
tIme the “meThOd Of votIng mEN AND monEy fOr thE army Annually had beEn
iNtroDUceD, to soMe extEnt.”

THe DistiNguishEd galLaNtry of the men at LAndeN, SteinkirKe, aNd
namUr Had caLLed forTh tHe rEluctanT admiraTIon Of FOREiGn powers,
and had convErTED tHis countRy into A PoWeR Having CoNtIneNtal AS
Well aS insULaR interesTs:--“the ENGlIsH subaltErN was inFeRioR to No
subALterN, and thE English PrivaTE soldier to no soLDier in courage.”
tHiS CRiTIcisM spEaks for itseLf.

It IS curIous TO nOtiCE how tHe polItICaL Centre of gravity had
cHaNged. BeFore tHis time EnglisH armies had INDEed foughT ConTInENtal
battles, but They wEre largely THose in whIch onLy our reaL or fancieD
PErsonal iNteResTs wEre CONcErned. Now, howevER, The ENgLish flaG waS
to fly iN caUseS alIen To Her own perSonal intErEsTs, AnD vaLuablE Only
to thE kIng AnD thE counTRy the kIng loVed. FOr hoLLanD first oF AlL
WAs reAlLy At thE boTtOm of tHe “soLDieR king’s” aCtion in leAdiNG the
ArMiEs of GreAt Britain. His iNtErests had aLwAys Been CoNTInental,
aNd his personal influence, aS Well as oTheR less ImpoRtant factOrs,
Was leaDinG This coUntry tO asseRt HerSELf and DISpLay HeR military
vALUe iN his oWn NatiOnal intErest That William haD SomE military
skilL is EvidENT, bUt hIS aCTioN wAS raTHEr that of a brave sOldier
than ThAT oF a great comMAndEr. by his owN often rEckleSS exposuRe,
he arousEd the spirItS of hIS SolDiery, and he Did not feAr to face
dANger, aS laNden, wHerE his clOtHes Were sEveral TImeS pierCed witH
bUllets, ProveD. YEt, though Apparently respected, he waS littlE likeD.
ThE “asthmatiC skELetOn” who at NeErwiNden “covereD thE
 given precedence to the i nfantry in  thecas e
o ftheRoya l Scots, but h a d pl aced the cavalry secon d, in  t h e ca s eof
th e Scots Gr e y s,th ou ghth e yhad b een  raised  in 1681.
St il l the army h a dmuch impro ved . The introd uct ion of  t hef irstMut iny
A ct in1 689, g iving Par li a mentar y  author i t yforofficers to punis h 
m e n for mutiny a nd des er t io n wit hou t referenc eto ci v il law, ap o w erh itherto denie d to them i n  Gr eat Br it ain during  peac e, sti ll furtherreco gnised th e stan d ing arm y  as a c onstit uti ona l fo r ce ,bes id e s t h emil i tia , whichha dbeenup t o t h at t ime  the oreti cally the onl y o ne;f orit wa s not  per ma nentl y paid  or e mb odied. But befo re K ing Willi am’ stim ethe “ m ethodofvot ing men  and mo n eyfo r t he  army annually had  b e e nintroduc ed, to so me extent.” 
The  dis t i nguis hedg al lantry o f them en  a t Lande n,  Stein ki rke , a nd
Na m ur h ad cal led fort h the reluctant admi r ation of fore i gn p ow e rs,and  had conver tedt hiscoun t ry  in t o a p owerha v in g  Continental as
wel las ins ularinterests:--“ the Englis h s ubaltern  was in f erior to no
su balte rn, and th e  English  priv ate sold ier to no s oldier i n c our age .”T h is  criticism sp e a ks f or  itself .
It is c uri ous  to  no ti ce how th e politi ca lce nt reof gr a vity had 
c han ge d.Befor e  thistimeEngl is ha rmi es hadi nd e e d fo ug ht  Con tin en tal
b attl e s,but the y were la rge l y th os ein whic h only our re al  or fancie dper sonali n terestswere concerned. Now, ho w ever, t heEngli sh f lag was
t o f ly incau s es ali en toher o wn  pe r s onali n te res ts , and valu a b leonlyto  the  king a nd the country the kin g loved. ForHol land f ir sto fa llwa s  re a l ly at the botto m of the “ so l di er king’s” act io n in le ading t he
ar m ies ofGreat Bri tain. His  i nter e s tshad always  been Co ntinental , 
andh is  pers ona l infl ue nce , aswell a s  ot her l ess im po rtantfacto rs ,
was le ading this country to a ssertherse lfand displ ayh ermilitaryvalu e in his o wnnat ional  in t erest  Tha t  W ill i am ha d so m e militar y 
s kil l is  evident, b u t his  acti onw as rat herthat of a brave s o ldier
than tha t of a  gr eat comm an der. By his ow n o ft e n  reckles sexposure,
h e arouse dt he sp iritsof his  soldie r y ,a nd hedidnot  fear tofac ed anger,as  L a nden,wher ehis cl othesw eres e veral times pier ced w i t h
bul l ets , pro ve d. Yet, thou gh apparen tly respect ed, he  was  litt le like d. 
The “ ast hm atic skele t on” who a t Nee rwinden  “ cove red  the
 given_precedence to_the infantry in the_case
of the_Royal_Scots, but_had_placed the cavalry_second, in the_case of
the Scots Greys,_though they had_been_raised in 1681.

Still the army had much improved. The introduction of the first Mutiny
Act_in_1689, giving_Parliamentary_authority_for officers to punish
men for_mutiny and desertion without reference_to civil_law, a power
hitherto denied to them in Great_Britain_during peace, still_further
recognised the standing army as a constitutional force, besides_the
militia, which had been up to_that time theoretically_the_only_one;
for it was not_permanently paid or embodied. But before_King William’s
time the “method of voting_men and money for the army annually_had been
introduced, to some extent.”

The distinguished_gallantry of the men at_Landen, Steinkirke,_and
Namur had called forth the_reluctant admiration of_foreign powers,
and_had converted this_country into a power having Continental_as
well as insular_interests:--“the English subaltern was inferior to_no
subaltern,_and the English_private_soldier_to no_soldier in courage.”
This_criticism_speaks for_itself.

It_is curious to notice how the_political_centre of gravity had
changed. Before this time_English armies had indeed_fought_Continental
battles, but they were_largely those in which only_our real or fancied
personal interests were_concerned. Now,_however, the_English flag was
to fly in causes alien to her own personal_interests, and valuable only
to the king_and the country the_king loved._For_Holland first of_all
was_really at_the bottom of the “soldier king’s” action_in leading_the
armies of Great Britain. His interests_had always been Continental,
and_his_personal influence, as well as other_less important factors,
was leading this country_to assert herself and display_her_military
value_in his own national interest_That William had some military
skill is_evident, but his_action was rather that of a brave_soldier
than_that of a great commander. By_his_own often reckless exposure,
he aroused the_spirits_of_his soldiery, and he did_not fear to face
danger, as Landen,_where his clothes were several times pierced with
bullets, proved._Yet, though apparently_respected, he was little liked.
The_“asthmatic_skeleton”_who at Neerwinden “covered the