faces.

WHEN CONCAVED PLANES ARE DESIRABLE.--
Unquestionably, for slow speeds the concaved wing
is desirable, as will be explained, but for high
speeds, surface formation has no value. That is
shown by Pequod's feat.

THE SPEED MANIA.--This is a type of mania
which pervades every field of activity in the building
of aeroplanes. Speed contests are of more
importance to the spectators on exhibition
grounds than stability or durability. Builders
pander to this, hence machines are built on lines
which disregard every consideration of safety
while at normal flight.

USES OF FLYING MACHINES.--The machine as
now constructed is of little use commercially.
Within certain limitations it is valuable for scouting
purposes, and attempts have been made to
use it commercially. But the unreliable character
of its performances, due to the many elements
which are necessary to its proper working, have
operated against it.

PERFECTION IN MACHINES MUST COME BEFORE
SPEED.--Contrary to every precept in the building
of a new article, the attempt is made to make
a machine with high speed, which, in the very
nature of things, operates against its improvement.
The opposite lack of speed--is of far
greater utility at this stage of its development.

THE RANGE OF ITS USE.--The subject might be
illustrated by assuming that we have a line running
from A to Z, which indicates the range of
speeds in aeroplanes. The limits of speeds are
fairly stated as being within thirty and eighty-
five miles per hour. Less than thirty miles are
impossible with any type of plane, and while some
have made higher speeds than eighty-five miles it
may be safe to assume that such flights took place
under conditions where the wind contributed to
the movement.

_Fig. 32. Chart showing Range of Uses_

COMMERCIAL UTILITY.--Before machines can be
used successfully they must be able to attain
slower speeds. Alighting is the danger factor.
Speed machines are dangerous, not in flight or
at high speeds, but when attempting to land. A
large plane surface is incompatible with speed,
which is another illustration that at high velocities
supporting surfaces are
faces. 

 WHEN CONCAVED PLANES ARE DESIRABLE.-- 
 Unquestionably, for slow speed the concaved annex 
 is desirable, as will be explained, but for high 
 speeds, airfoil formation has no value. That is 
 show by Pequod's feat. 

 THE amphetamine MANIA.--This is a type of mania 
 which permeate every sphere of activity in the construction 
 of aeroplanes. Speed contest are of more 
 importance to the spectator on exhibition 
 grounds than stability or durability. Builders 
 pander to this, therefore machines are built on lines 
 which dismiss every consideration of safety 
 while at normal escape. 

 USES OF FLYING MACHINES.--The machine as 
 nowadays constructed is of little use commercially. 
 Within certain limitations it is valuable for scouting 
 determination, and attempts have been made to 
 use it commercially. But the unreliable character 
 of its performances, due to the many elements 
 which are necessary to its proper working, have 
 operated against it. 

 PERFECTION IN MACHINES MUST COME BEFORE 
 SPEED.--Contrary to every precept in the building 
 of a new article, the attempt is made to make 
 a machine with high focal ratio, which, in the very 
 nature of things, operate on against its improvement. 
 The opposite lack of speed -- is of far 
 greater utility at this stagecoach of its development. 

 THE RANGE OF ITS USE.--The subject might be 
 illustrated by simulate that we have a line running 
 from A to Z, which indicates the range of 
 speed in aeroplanes. The limits of speeds are 
 fairly stated as being within thirty and eighty- 
 five miles per hour. Less than thirty nautical mile are 
 impossible with any type of plane, and while some 
 have made higher speeds than eighty - five mile it 
 may be safe to assume that such flights assume place 
 under conditions where the wind put up to 
 the movement. 

 _ Fig. 32. Chart usher Range of Uses _ 

 COMMERCIAL UTILITY.--Before machines can be 
 use successfully they must be able to attain 
 slow speeds. alight is the danger gene. 
 Speed machines are dangerous, not in flight or 
 at high speeds, but when undertake to land. A 
 large plane surface is incompatible with speed, 
 which is another illustration that at high velocities 
 support surfaces are
facfs.

WHEN CONCAVED PLANES AVE DESIRABLE.--
Unqugsrionabny, for slow spdeds the concaved wing
is desmraboe, as will be explained, but for high
dpeeds, syrfare formation has no valuc. Thaf is
skoxn by Pequod's fgat.

THE SPEED MANIA.--This is d gy'e of mania
which pervades every fielq of acyigity in the buyldimd
of zvriplanes. Speed contests are of more
imkortance to the sprctators on exhibition
groujds hhan stability or furability. Vuilqwrs
pander to this, henct kachines ate built on lines
which disregard everv considerajnin lx safety
whioe at normal fligmn.

USES OX FLYINB MACHINES.--The kaciine as
now constructed is of little use comiercially.
Fichin certain limitatiinw it hs vdluacoe wor sroufing
pugpoaes, and atfempts have been made to
use it cjnmercially. Buf the tnweliable character
of its performances, dle tk the many elements
whicy are necessary to itd proper rorking, have
operated against it.

PERFECTION IN MACHHNES JJST CJOW HEFORE
SPEED.--Contrary to every precept in the btjlcikg
of a new articje, the attekph of made to makg
a machnhe with high speed, wjich, in the cery
naturt of yhings, operates against its improvement.
Nhe ipposite lack of s'eed--is of fax
greatgr utikity at this stage of ics devslopment.

THE RANGE OF KTS USE.--The subjezt kicht be
illustrated by assumyng that xe hare a lind rumning
fwom A to Z, whicm indicates the ranhe of
dpaeds in aegoplanes. The limits of speeds acx
fairly statec ds teing wichin tmirty and eightr-
five miles pet hour. Lefs thxn thirty jiles ace
impossible with any typa of plane, anv while sjme
hqve nade hiefer speeds tham eighty-fpvt miles it
nay be safe to assmme tfzt such flights toik place
under cpndktijnd xhere dhe wind condribjtea to
thd movemtut.

_Flg. 32. Chatt showing Range of Gses_

DOMMERCIAL UTILITY.--Nenore machunes can be
used succexsfully they must he abne vo attsin
flower speeds. Alighting is the danger fwctjr.
Speed machynes are dangerobs, not in flight or
at high speeds, but whxn attempting to land. A
oarge plane surface ls incompatiule wieh speed,
wvich is another illuwtration that at migh velocities
supportjng susfaced are
faces. WHEN CONCAVED PLANES ARE DESIRABLE.-- Unquestionably, speeds concaved wing desirable, as will speeds, formation has no That is shown Pequod's feat. THE SPEED MANIA.--This is type of mania which pervades every field of activity in the building of Speed contests are of more importance to the spectators on exhibition grounds than or Builders to hence machines are built on lines which disregard every consideration of safety while at normal flight. OF FLYING MACHINES.--The machine as now constructed is little use commercially. Within limitations it is valuable for purposes, attempts have made use commercially. But the character of its performances, due to the many elements which are necessary to its proper working, have against it. MACHINES MUST BEFORE to precept in the a new article, the attempt is a machine with high speed, which, in the nature of operates against its improvement. The opposite of speed--is of far greater utility at this of its development. THE RANGE OF ITS USE.--The subject might be illustrated by assuming that a line running from to Z, which the of in The limits speeds are fairly stated as being within thirty and eighty- five per hour. Less than thirty miles are impossible with any plane, while some have higher speeds than eighty-five it be safe to assume flights place the contributed the movement. _Fig. 32. showing Range of Uses_ COMMERCIAL machines can be used to attain slower speeds. Alighting is the danger Speed machines are dangerous, not in flight at high speeds, but when attempting to land. A large plane surface incompatible with is another illustration that at high velocities supporting are
faces.

WHEN CONCAVED PLANES ARe DESIRABLE.--
unqueStiOnaBlY, for Slow Speeds the concaVEd wiNg
is desirable, as will be eXplaiNeD, But fOR hIgh
spEeds, surFAcE FOrmAtIoN haS nO VaLue. ThAt iS
shown bY Pequod's feAt.

ThE sPEED MANIA.--ThIS iS a type of maNia
Which pervadeS evEry fieLd Of aCTivitY in The buIlding
OF aeropLanes. SpeeD cONtests ARe of morE
IMpOrtaNce to the spectatorS On EXhibition
grounDs than StABiLITy oR duRability. BuIlDers
pANder to tHIs, HENCe mAChines are builT on lines
whiCH diSregarD eVerY ConsidEratiOn OF saFety
while at NormAl flight.

UsES OF FlyING MAChiNES.--The MachinE as
Now ConsTRuCtEd iS oF LitTLe Use COmmErcially.
wiThIn cerTain LIMITatiOns It is ValuaBle for scoutinG
puRposES, anD atteMpts hAve bEeN made To
use iT commErCially. But the unrEliaBle characTer
Of Its PeRformANces, duE to The Many eleMents
whICh aRe NECEsSary to its proper worKiNG, HaVe
operatEd agaiNSt It.

peRFECTIOn In MAcHINes mUST CoME BefOrE
SPEED.--COntrarY To EvEry precEpT in the BuIldIng
Of a neW ArtiCle, the Attempt iS made TO make
a machine wITh high speed, whICh, IN ThE Very
NatUre of things, OperATes aGainST iTs iMProveMent.
THe OPpOSite lack of speed--is of FaR
greatEr utiLity at this staGe of its devELOPment.

THE rANGe oF itS USE.--The subjecT mighT be
illustrATed by assUming That we haVe a line ruNNIng
from A To Z, WhiCh iNdiCATeS the range of
spEEDs in AeRoplaneS. ThE limits Of sPeeDs aRe
fAiRly stated As being wItHiN tHiRty And eiGHty-
five mIlEs pEr HouR. Less THan thiRty miLes aRe
ImPOssIble witH AnY TYpe oF pLaNe, anD whIlE some
Have MAde Higher sPeeds than EigHTy-fiVe MiLes it
maY be safe to assuMe That such flIgHts Took plACE
under coNditions where the wind conTRibuted To
tHe movEmenT.

_Fig. 32. Chart ShoWing RaNge OF Uses_

CoMMERCiAL UTiLiTY.--bEFore mACHiNes CaN be
used sucCESsfUlly tHeY musT be able To attain
slower speeDS. AlIghting is the dAngEr faCTOr.
speED mAChiNeS Are DANgerous, not in fliGht or
at higH sPEeDs, but when aTTemPtIng to laNd. A
largE planE Surface Is incompaTible with SpEed,
wHICh iS another ilLustratiOn that at hIGh velOCiTies
sUppOrting SuRfaCes arE
faces.

WHEN CONCAVED PLAN ES ARE DES IRABL E.- -
U nq uest iona bly, for slows peed s the concaved wing
is  desi ra b le,a swillbe expl a in e d , b ut  f orhi g hspeed s,surface  formation  ha sno value. Th a tis
shown b y P equod's feat .
THE SP EE D M A NIA.- -Th is is  a typ e  of ma nia
which  p e rvades every f i e ld  ofactivity in the b u il d ing
of aeropla nes. S pe e dc o nte sts  are of mo re 
impo r tance t o  t h e spe c tators on exh ibition
gro u nds  thanst abi l ity or  dura bi l ity . Builderspand er to thi s, hen c e machi n es arebuiltonlin es
w h ic hdis re g ard ev ery con siderati on  o f saf etyw h i l e at  no rmal  flig ht.

USES OFFLY INGM ACH INES. --The  mac hi ne as 
now c onstr uc ted is of littl e us e commerc ial ly .
W it hin c e rtainlim ita tions i t is va l uab le f o rscouting
purposes,  a n d  a ttemptshave b e en  m a de to
us eitcomm e r ciall y. B u tthe unre liable ch ar acter
o fits pe rf orm anc es, d u e to  the m any elem entsw hich are neces s ary to its pr o pe r wo r king , h ave
operate d ag a inst  it. 
P ERF E CTION  IN M AC H IN E S MUST COME BEFORESP EED.-- Contr ary to everyprecept in t h e buildi ng
o f  a new article, t he at tempt is m a de to ma ke
amachinewith high s peed, wh ich , i n t hev e ry 
nature of th i n gs,op eratesaga inst it s i mpr ove men t. 
The oppo site lac kof  s pe ed- -is o f  far
gre at erut ili ty at this s tageof i ts  d e vel opment. 
T H E  RAN GE  O F IT S U SE .--Th e su b jec t might  be
illus tra t ed b yas sumingthat we havealine runni ng 
fr om A t o Z, which  indicates the range of speedsinaerop lane s. The li mit s of s pee d s arefairly  stat ed  as b eingw i th inth irty and e i g hty -
fiv emile s per h our. Less than thi r tymiles are
imp oss ible w it h a n yt ype  o f  pl a n e, and while so me
have ma de hi gher speed s  th an  eighty -five m ilesi t
may b e safe to  assume t ha t su c h  fl ights took  place
u nder cond i tions wh ere t hewind c on tri buted  to
th e  mo vemen t.

_F ig . 32.Chart  s howing R ange of Uses_

COMMERCI AL UTI LITY. --B efore mac hin e s c an be
use d su ccessfully  th eymustbea ble t o at t ai n
s l owerspee d s. Alight i ng  is t he  danger fac t o r .
S peedmac h ines a re d angerous, not inf light or
at hi gh s p e eds , b u t wh en  attempting to  la nd . A
largepl ane surface  is inco mp a tible  withspeed, 
whichi s  a n otherillu str ation tha t a th igh vel oc it i es
sup port in g surf aces a r e
faces.

WHEN CONCAVED_PLANES ARE_DESIRABLE.--
Unquestionably, for slow speeds_the concaved_wing
is_desirable, as_will_be explained, but_for high
speeds, surface_formation has no value._That is
shown by_Pequod's_feat.

THE SPEED MANIA.--This is a type of mania
which pervades every field of activity in_the_building
of aeroplanes._Speed_contests_are of more
importance to the_spectators on exhibition
grounds than stability_or durability._Builders
pander to this, hence machines are built on_lines
which_disregard every consideration_of safety
while at normal flight.

USES OF FLYING MACHINES.--The machine_as
now constructed is of little use_commercially.
Within certain limitations_it_is_valuable for scouting
purposes, and_attempts have been made to
use it_commercially. But the unreliable character
of its_performances, due to the many elements
which are_necessary to its proper working, have
operated_against it.

PERFECTION IN MACHINES MUST_COME BEFORE
SPEED.--Contrary_to every precept in the_building
of a new_article, the_attempt is made_to make
a machine with high speed,_which, in the_very
nature of things, operates against its_improvement.
The_opposite lack of_speed--is_of_far
greater utility_at this stage_of_its development.

THE_RANGE_OF ITS USE.--The subject might be
illustrated_by_assuming that we have a line running
from_A to Z, which_indicates_the range of
speeds in_aeroplanes. The limits of speeds_are
fairly stated as being within thirty_and eighty-
five_miles per_hour. Less than thirty miles are
impossible with any type of plane,_and while some
have made higher speeds_than eighty-five miles it
may_be safe_to_assume that such_flights_took place
under_conditions where the wind contributed to
the movement.

_Fig._32. Chart_showing Range of Uses_

COMMERCIAL UTILITY.--Before machines_can be
used successfully they_must_be able to attain
slower speeds. Alighting_is the danger factor.
Speed machines are_dangerous, not in flight or
at_high_speeds,_but when attempting to land._A
large plane surface is incompatible with_speed,
which is another_illustration that at high velocities
supporting surfaces are