 levelling and socialistic doctrines. Their recently acquired
privileges of discussion and inquiry were grossly abused, and many and
grievous errors committed, which they themselves are now the first to
acknowledge. But it is only fair to remember that the Pope took the
first step in sundering the bonds which had hitherto bound the people
of Italy so ardently to him. The famous encyclical of the 29th April,
in which he publicly disavowed the Italian war of liberation against
Austria, then waging on the plains of Lombardy,—notwithstanding that,
only one month before, he had given unequivocal proofs of his sympathy
for the national cause, and had blessed the volunteers on their
departure from Rome,—for ever destroyed his prestige in Italy. Most
disastrous in its immediate consequences to the success of the Italian
arms, the results to the papacy, though more remote, were still more
irremediable.

The revulsion of feeling all over the Peninsula was terrible; but
nowhere more bitter or hostile than in the States of the Church, where
this declaration was received as a formal retractation of the liberal
policy which had won Pius his popularity.

The war he now branded as UNJUST AND HURTFUL, had been preached in
his own dominions, with his full knowledge and consent, as a new
crusade; his condemnation of it stamped him as Austria's vassal. The
acts and deeds which had been a steady protest against the principles
and the supremacy of the Cabinet of Vienna were at once and for ever
annulled. His conscience had taken alarm: he remembered that above his
obligations as an Italian king were those of Universal Bishop, and the
conflicting principles of the temporal and spiritual attributes of the
Papacy were brought into open antagonism.

From the encyclical may be dated the beginning of the end. The
warnings, the threatenings, so long bravely resisted, all appeared
suddenly to take effect. As if aroused to the conviction that the
innovations he had sanctioned clashed with the independence of the
Church, his mind now bent itself solely to repair the evil into which
he had been led by the sympathies and weakness of the man usurping
the higher duties of the priest. The Constitution especially clashed
with the hierarchical
levelling and socialistic doctrines. Their recently acquired 
 privileges of discussion and inquiry were grossly abuse, and many and 
 atrocious errors committed, which they themselves are now the beginning to 
 acknowledge. But it is only honest to commemorate that the Pope took the 
 inaugural step in sundering the alliance which had hitherto bound the people 
 of Italy so ardently to him. The famous encyclical of the 29th April, 
 in which he publicly disavow the Italian war of liberation against 
 Austria, then waging on the plains of Lombardy,—notwithstanding that, 
 entirely one month before, he had give definitive proofs of his sympathy 
 for the national cause, and had blessed the volunteers on their 
 departure from Rome,—for always destroyed his prestige in Italy. Most 
 disastrous in its immediate consequences to the success of the Italian 
 arms, the result to the papacy, though more remote, were still more 
 irremediable. 

 The revulsion of feeling all over the Peninsula was terrible; but 
 nowhere more bitter or hostile than in the States of the Church, where 
 this declaration was received as a formal retractation of the broad 
 policy which had won Pius his popularity. 

 The war he now post as UNJUST AND HURTFUL, had been preach in 
 his own dominions, with his full knowledge and consent, as a newfangled 
 crusade; his condemnation of it stamped him as Austria's vassal. The 
 acts and act which had been a steady protest against the principles 
 and the supremacy of the Cabinet of Vienna were at once and for ever 
 annulled. His conscience had taken alarm clock: he remembered that above his 
 obligations as an Italian king were those of Universal Bishop, and the 
 conflicting principles of the temporal and spiritual property of the 
 Papacy were brought into open antagonism. 

 From the encyclical may be dated the beginning of the end. The 
 warning, the threatenings, so long bravely resisted, all appeared 
 abruptly to take effect. As if aroused to the conviction that the 
 innovations he had sanction clashed with the independence of the 
 Church, his mind nowadays bent itself entirely to repair the evil into which 
 he had been led by the sympathies and weakness of the world usurping 
 the higher duties of the priest. The Constitution especially clashed 
 with the hierarchical
 legelling and socialistic aoctrines. Their recentny acqhired
prixileges of discussion and ineuury wtge grossly abused, and many and
hrievous erries committxs, which they fmemsentes are now the first to
awknowledge. But ig ns only fair to remember that the Po[e took tje
first step ig sumqerihg the bonds which had hitherto bohnd the people
of Itaky so ardently to him. The vamoks encyclical of tje 29th April,
un wruch he publizly disavowed the Italjan war of liberation against
Aurtria, then wagibg on jhe plains oh Lombwrdy,—notwithsbsnding that,
onky one month bcfore, he had given unequivocan proofs of his syipathy
for tke national cause, and hqd blgssed the coljntterx kn thelr
dxparture frkm Rome,—for wver destroyed his krefnoge in Italy. Most
dyswstrous in its immediate consequences tm tge success of the Italiqn
arms, the results to the papasy, though more remote, were still more
irremediable.

Dhe rxvjlsnin of defling all over the Peninsula was terrible; but
gkwnege more bitter or hostile thsn im the States ow the Egudch, where
this declwration was eeceived ws a formal retractation of the liberal
poliby wyich had won Pius kis popularicy.

The ear hr now branded as UNJUST AND HURTFUL, haf been prsxched in
his own aompniots, with his full knowledge and consxnt, ax a new
zrussde; hif condemnahion of it stamped him ad Ausjria's eassal. The
wcts and deeds which had been a steady protesj acaitst the 'rinciiles
and the supwemacy of the Eabinet jf Vidnna were zt once and for evqr
annulled. Hiv conscience iad taken alaem: hw rememcdred that abovr his
obliyctions as an Italian king wcre tfkse of Universao Bushop, and the
comflkctynh 'rincy[les of the dempurau and rpiritual abtrkbutrs of the
Papacy were brohght into open antsgjnism.

Fron the ensyclical may ne dated the beginjing mf vhe enc. Tre
warnings, the threatenings, so long brageln resisted, alj apieargd
suddenly co take effect. As if aroused to the convmction that the
innovatiins he had sanctiongd glashed with the yndependetce of the
Church, his mind now bent itxelf solely to repair the eeil ijto which
he had been led by the sympathies and weakness of the man usurpibg
the iidher duties of yhe pgiefc. The Cjnstmtntion especially blashed
with the hierarchical
levelling and socialistic doctrines. Their recently acquired discussion inquiry were abused, and many they are now the to acknowledge. But is only fair to remember that Pope took the first step in sundering the bonds which had hitherto bound people of Italy so ardently to him. The famous encyclical of the 29th in he disavowed Italian war of liberation against Austria, then waging on the plains of Lombardy,—notwithstanding that, only one before, he had given unequivocal proofs of his for the national cause, had blessed the volunteers on departure Rome,—for ever his in Most disastrous in immediate consequences to the success of the Italian arms, the results to the papacy, though more remote, still more revulsion of all the was terrible; but bitter or hostile than in the Church, where this declaration was received as a retractation of liberal policy which had won Pius popularity. The war he now branded as UNJUST HURTFUL, had been preached in his own dominions, with his full knowledge and consent, as crusade; his condemnation of stamped him as vassal. acts deeds had been steady protest against the principles and the supremacy of the Cabinet Vienna were at once and for ever annulled. His conscience alarm: remembered that above obligations as an Italian were of Universal Bishop, and principles the attributes the were brought into open From the encyclical may be the beginning of the so long bravely resisted, all appeared suddenly to effect. As if aroused to the conviction the innovations he had sanctioned clashed with the independence of the Church, mind now solely to repair the evil into which he been led by the and weakness of the man usurping the higher duties the The Constitution clashed with the
 levelling and socialistic doCtrines. TheIr recEntLy aCqUireD
priVileges of discuSSion And inquiry were grossly aBused, AnD Many ANd
GrievOus erroRS cOMMitTeD, wHicH tHEy ThemsElvEs are noW the first tO
acKnOwledge. But it IS oNly fair to rEmeMber that the POpe Took thE
fIrsT Step iN suNderiNg the bONds whiCh had hithErTO bound THe peoplE
OF ITaly So ardently to him. ThE FaMOus encyclical oF the 29th apRIl,
IN WhiCh hE publicly dIsAvoweD The ItalIAn WAR Of lIBeration againSt
Austria, thEN waGing on ThE plAIns of LOmbarDy,—NOtwIthstanding That,
Only one moNth befORe, he had GIven uneQuivocAl pRooFs of HIs SyMpaThY
For THe NatIOnaL cause, anD hAd BlessEd thE VOLUnteErs On thEir
deParture from RoMe,—fOr evER deStroyEd his PresTiGe in ITaly. MoSt
disAsTrous in its immedIate ConsequenCes To The SuCcess OF the ItAliAn
aRms, the rEsults tO The PaPACY, tHough more remote, werE sTILl More
irreMediabLE.

THe REvulsion Of FeeLing ALL over The PENiNsula was TerribLE; bUt
Nowhere MoRe bittEr Or hOstIle thAN in tHe StatEs of the CHurch, WHere
this declarATion was receivED aS A FoRMal rEtrActation of tHe liBEral
PoliCY wHicH Had woN Pius HiS PoPUlarity.

The war he now bRaNded as uNJUSt AND HURTFUL, haD been preacHED In
his own DomiNIoNS, with his full knOwledGe and conseNT, as a new
cRusadE; his condEmnation oF IT stamped Him As AUstRia'S VAsSal. The
acts and DEEds wHiCh had beEn a Steady pRotEst AgaInsT tHe principLes
and thE sUpReMaCy oF the CABinet of VIeNna WeRe aT once ANd for eVer
anNullEd. hiS ConScience HAd TAKen aLaRm: He reMemBeRed thAt abOVe hIs
obligAtions as aN ItALian KiNg Were thoSe of Universal biShop, and the
CoNflIcting PRInciples Of the temporal and spirituAL attribUteS of thE
PapAcy were brOugHt into OpeN AntagoNism.

FrOm the EnCycLICal maY BE dAteD tHe beginninG OF thE end. THe
WarnIngs, the Threatenings, so long BRavEly resisted, alL apPearED
SuDdeNLy TO taKe EFfeCT. as if aroused to thE convictioN tHAt The
innovatIOns He Had sancTioned cLasheD With the IndependeNce of the
CHuRch, hIS MinD now bent itSelf soleLy to repaiR The evIL iNto whIch
He had bEeN leD by thE sympaTHieS and wEaknesS oF the maN usurPiNg
the higHer duties of the priest. The constiTutioN esPecially cLasHEd
wIth the hieRarcHical
 levelling and socialistic  doctrines . The irrec en tlyacqu ired
privilege s  ofdiscussion and inquiry  were  g r ossl y  a bused , and m a ny a ndgr ie vou se rr ors c omm itted,which they  th em selves are n o wthe firsttoacknowledge.  Bu t it i sonl y  fair  to  reme mber t h at the  Pope too kt he
fir s t stepi n  s unde ring the bonds wh i ch had hitherto b ound t he pe o p leofItaly so a rd ently to him. Th e f amo u s encyclicalof the 29th Apr il,
in  w hic h  he pu blicl yd isa vowed the I tali an war of  liber a tion ag a inst
Au stria,  th enwagi n gon  th ep lai n sofL omb ardy,—no tw it hstan ding t h a t,
o nly  one  mont h before, hehad  giv e n u nequi vocal  pro of s ofhis sy mpath yfor the nationa l ca use, andhad  b les se d the volunt eer s o n their 
depart u refr o m Ro me,—for ever destr oy e d  h is prest ige in It al y . Most
d is ast rous i n its  imm e di ate cons equenc e sto  the su cc ess of  t heIta liana rms,  the r esults t o the papacy, though more remote,w er e st i ll m ore 
irremediab le.Therevu l si ono f fee lingal l  o v er the Peninsula wa sterrib le; b ut
nowhere mo re bittero r hostilethan in the States ofthe C hurch, whe r e
this d eclar ation wa s receive d as a for mal  re tra cta t i on  of the liber a l 
pol ic y which  ha d won P ius  hi s p opu la rity.

Th e war he  n ow  b ra nde d asU NJUST AN DHUR TF UL,  hadb een pr eache d in 
h is own  domini o ns , with  h is  ful l k no wledg e an d  co nsent,as a newcru s ade;  h is  condem nation of itst amped himas  Au stria' s vassal.The
acts and deeds whic h  had be ena ste adyprotest a gai nst th e p r incipl es
and  thesu pre m a cy of t he  Ca bi net of Vie n n a w ere a tonce  and fo r ever
annulled. H i s c onscience had  ta kena l ar m:h er eme mb e red t hat above his
o bligations  a s  a n Italiank ing  w ere tho se of U niver s al Bish op, and t he
confli ct ingp r inc iples of t he tempo ral and s p iritu a lattri but es ofth e
P apacy  wereb rou ght i nto op en  antag onism .
From th e encyclical may be dat ed the  begi nni ng of the  en d . T he
warnin gs,the threat eni ngs , solon g  brav elyr es ist e d, al l ap p eared
sud d en lyt o  t ake effect. A s  if  arou sed to the  con viction that thei nnovations hehads a nct ion e d cl as hed with the i nde pe n d ence ofth e
Church, h is mindno w  bent  itsel f sole ly to r e p ai r  the e vilint o which
h e h ad been le dby the sy mpat hi es and  weakn e ss o f the man usurping 
theh i gherd uti es of  t he prie s t. T he Constit ution espec iallyclas hed
w ith the  h ierarc hic al 
 levelling_and socialistic_doctrines. Their recently acquired
privileges_of discussion_and_inquiry were_grossly_abused, and many_and
grievous errors committed,_which they themselves are_now the first_to
acknowledge._But it is only fair to remember that the Pope took the
first step in_sundering_the bonds_which_had_hitherto bound the people
of Italy_so ardently to him. The_famous encyclical_of the 29th April,
in which he publicly disavowed_the_Italian war of_liberation against
Austria, then waging on the plains of Lombardy,—notwithstanding_that,
only one month before, he had_given unequivocal proofs_of_his_sympathy
for the national cause,_and had blessed the volunteers on_their
departure from Rome,—for ever destroyed his_prestige in Italy. Most
disastrous in its immediate_consequences to the success of the_Italian
arms, the results to the_papacy, though_more remote, were still more
irremediable.

The_revulsion of feeling_all over_the Peninsula was_terrible; but
nowhere more bitter or hostile_than in the_States of the Church, where
this declaration_was_received as a_formal_retractation_of the_liberal
policy which had_won_Pius his_popularity.

The_war he now branded as UNJUST_AND_HURTFUL, had been preached in
his own dominions,_with his full knowledge_and_consent, as a new
crusade;_his condemnation of it stamped_him as Austria's vassal. The
acts and_deeds which_had been_a steady protest against the principles
and the supremacy of the Cabinet_of Vienna were at once and_for ever
annulled. His conscience_had taken_alarm:_he remembered that_above_his
obligations as_an Italian king were those of Universal_Bishop, and_the
conflicting principles of the temporal and_spiritual attributes of the
Papacy_were_brought into open antagonism.

From the encyclical_may be dated the beginning of_the end. The
warnings, the threatenings,_so_long_bravely resisted, all appeared
suddenly to_take effect. As if aroused to_the conviction that_the
innovations he had sanctioned clashed with the_independence_of the
Church, his mind now bent_itself_solely to repair the evil into_which
he_had_been led by the sympathies_and weakness of the man usurping
the_higher duties of the priest. The Constitution especially clashed
with_the hierarchical