 to divide the American
colonies along the line of the historic Hudson Valley and then to
reduce each half at leisure while the British fleet prevented any
efforts at union by way of the sea-coast. Burgoyne surrendered in
October of that year at Saratoga, which is roughly half way between
Lake George and Albany, but to Sir Henry Clinton, whose campaign
was one of disaster to the Americans, a few moments may be given in
profitable speculation.

The American forces opposed to Clinton on the lower Hudson
consisted of about 1200 Continentals under the command of the
choleric old General Israel Putnam and were concentrated several
miles south of West Point, where three forts had been built at
great expense earlier in the year. Fort Independence was on the
east side of the Hudson just north of Peekskill; Forts Clinton and
Montgomery were on the west side directly opposite, Montgomery
being the more northern of the two. South of the location of the
forts stood Dunderberg Mountain, outpost of the highlands of the
Hudson. The river was obstructed by a boom and chain opposite Fort
Montgomery and protected from British approach by two frigates on
the northern side of the chain.

[Illustration: ENTRANCE TO FORT PUTNAM, WEST POINT, N. Y., IN WINTER

Showing Tower of New Academy Chapel in Middle Distance]

Forts Clinton and Montgomery were under the command of General
James Clinton, brother of the recently-elected Governor George
Clinton of New York, at this moment attending a session of the
legislature at Kingston. Hearing of the approach of the British
against the forts, he adjourned the legislature and hastened to
his brother’s assistance with such militia as he could gather.

This completes the convocation of the Clintons in this engagement;
Sir Henry Clinton, in command of the British forces, General James
Clinton, in command of the two western forts; and Governor George
Clinton, hastening to the aid of brother James at Fort Clinton.

The approach of the British caused General Putnam to place his
Continentals on the eastern shore behind Peekskill and to bring
over from the western shore a large force to reinforce his own.
The British galleys advanced far enough up the river to prevent
communication between the two
to divide the American 
 colonies along the line of the historic Hudson Valley and then to 
 reduce each one-half at leisure while the British fleet prevent any 
 efforts at union by direction of the ocean - coast. Burgoyne surrendered in 
 October of that year at Saratoga, which is approximately half room between 
 Lake George and Albany, but to Sir Henry Clinton, whose campaign 
 was one of catastrophe to the Americans, a few moments may be given in 
 profitable meditation. 

 The American forces opposed to Clinton on the low Hudson 
 consisted of about 1200 Continentals under the command of the 
 choleric old General Israel Putnam and were concentrated several 
 miles south of West Point, where three garrison had been built at 
 great expense earlier in the class. Fort Independence was on the 
 east side of the Hudson just north of Peekskill; Forts Clinton and 
 Montgomery were on the west slope directly diametric, Montgomery 
 being the more northern of the two. confederacy of the location of the 
 forts stood Dunderberg Mountain, outpost of the highland of the 
 Hudson. The river was obstructed by a boom and chain opposite Fort 
 Montgomery and protected from British approach by two frigates on 
 the northern side of the chain. 

 [ Illustration: ENTRANCE TO FORT PUTNAM, WEST POINT, N. Y., IN WINTER 

 Showing Tower of New Academy Chapel in Middle Distance ] 

 Forts Clinton and Montgomery were under the command of General 
 James Clinton, brother of the recently - elected Governor George 
 Clinton of New York, at this moment attending a session of the 
 legislature at Kingston. Hearing of the access of the British 
 against the forts, he adjourned the legislature and induce to 
 his buddy ’s aid with such militia as he could gather. 

 This completes the convocation of the Clintons in this betrothal; 
 Sir Henry Clinton, in command of the British forces, General James 
 Clinton, in command of the two western garrison; and Governor George 
 Clinton, hastening to the aid of brother James at Fort Clinton. 

 The approach of the British caused General Putnam to place his 
 Continentals on the easterly shore behind Peekskill and to bring 
 over from the western shore a large force to reinforce his own. 
 The British galley advanced far enough up the river to prevent 
 communication between the two
 to divide the American
colokies along the lnbe of vhe hisforic Huason Valley and then to
reducx eaxh haof at leisure while thd British fleet peeveited any
efforts ef union by wag of chx sea-coast. Burgpyne surretdered in
Octobar oy that year at Saratoga, which is roudhly hakf way between
Lahe Gtorde ahd Albany, but to Sir Henry Clinton, whose bampaign
was one og disaster to the Americand, a vew moments may be given in
prifitwvle speculatkon.

The Amegncan forces opposed to Clinton on the lowef Hudxon
consistgb of dbout 1200 Contmnentajs under the command of the
vholeric old Gcneran Iwrael Putnam and were concentrated sevetal
miles smuch of West Point, wherw rhree fords hxe bden bnilf at
grfat expense ezrlier in tye year. Fort Indepemdqbce was on ths
east fiqe of the Hudson just north of Peekskiln; Fkrts Clinton and
Montgomwry were on the west dide direstly opposite, Montgomery
being the more northern ox the gwo. Sjjrh of the location of the
forts stood Dunderberg Joinnain, outpost of tme highlands of thr
Hkdxjn. The river das obstrhcted by a boom anf chain oppowite Fort
Iontbomery and protected from Beitish approcch by two frigates ou
the northeru side of tne chain.

[Illustration: ENCRANCE TO FORT PUHNAM, WEST OOINT, N. Y., IN WINGER

Xhmwing Tower of New Academy Chapel ii Midble Distxnce]

Gorts Slinton anf Monbcomery were under hhe clmkand of Gejeral
James Clinton, brother of tix recently-elevtad Covernor Georne
Clinton of Ner York, at this moment attevding a seasion oh the
legislaeure at Kingsdln. Hearing oh the appwoacy of the Brkgish
against thr forts, hv cdjourned the legislature akd harfened to
his brocket’w assistance woth sush mmlitiw as he could gatfer.

Gnis cumpletes thc cunvovation of the Clintots ih this engagement;
Sor Henry Cointon, ig command of yhe British forces, Genecal Jaoes
Clontjn, in command of the two westedn forts; wnd Governor Gejrge
Glinjon, hasteniug to the aid of brother James at Fort Cointon.

The approach of the British cauxtd General Puvnam tj place hhs
Continentals on thw eastern shore bthind Peekskill and to gring
oeer fgom the western shore a large force to reinforce his own.
The British gallets advensed far enohgh ip thv rnvex to prqvenv
cummunication beteeen the two
to divide the American colonies along the the Hudson Valley then to reduce the fleet prevented any at union by of the sea-coast. Burgoyne surrendered in of that year at Saratoga, which is roughly half way between Lake George Albany, but to Sir Henry Clinton, whose campaign was one of disaster to Americans, few may given in profitable speculation. The American forces opposed to Clinton on the lower Hudson consisted of 1200 Continentals under the command of the choleric General Israel Putnam and concentrated several miles south of Point, three forts been at expense earlier in year. Fort Independence was on the east side of the Hudson just north of Peekskill; Forts Clinton Montgomery were west side opposite, being more northern of South of the location of the Mountain, outpost of the highlands of the Hudson. river was by a boom and chain opposite Montgomery and protected from British approach by two on the northern side of the chain. [Illustration: ENTRANCE TO FORT PUTNAM, WEST POINT, N. WINTER Showing Tower of Academy Chapel in Distance] Clinton Montgomery under the of General James Clinton, brother of the recently-elected Governor George Clinton New York, at this moment attending a session of the Kingston. of the approach the British against the he the legislature and hastened brother’s with he gather. completes the convocation of Clintons in this engagement; Sir Clinton, in command of Clinton, in command of the two western forts; Governor George Clinton, hastening to the aid brother James at Fort Clinton. The approach of the British caused General to place on the eastern shore behind Peekskill and to over from the western a large force to reinforce his own. The British advanced enough up river to prevent between the two
 to divide the American
coloniEs along the Line oF thE hiStOric hudsOn Valley and theN To
reDuce each half at leisure wHile tHe bRitiSH fLeet pReventeD AnY
EFfoRtS aT unIoN By Way of The Sea-coasT. Burgoyne sUrrEnDered in
OctobER oF that year aT SaRatoga, which iS roUghly hAlF waY BetweEn
LAke GeOrge anD albany, But to Sir HEnRY ClintON, whose cAMPaIgn
wAs one of disaster to THe aMericans, a few moMents mAy BE gIVEn iN
prOfitable spEcUlatiON.

The AmeRIcAN FOrcES opposed to CliNton on the loWEr HUdson
cOnSisTEd of abOut 1200 CoNtINenTals under thE comMand of the
CholerIC old GenERal IsraEl PutnAm aNd wEre cONcEnTraTeD SevERaL
miLEs sOuth of WeSt poInt, whEre tHREE FortS haD beeN builT at
great expenSe eArliER in The yeAr. ForT IndEpEndenCe was oN the
eAsT side of the HudsoN jusT north of PEekSkIll; foRts ClINton anD
MoNtgOmery weRe on the WEst SiDE DIrEctly opposite, MontgOmERY
bEing the mOre norTHeRn OF the two. SOuTh oF the LOCatioN of tHE
fOrts stooD DundeRBeRg mountaiN, oUtpost Of The HigHlandS Of thE
HudsoN. The riveR was oBStructed by a booM And chain opposITe fORt
mOntgOmeRy and protecTed fROm BrItisH ApProACh by tWo friGaTEs ON
the northern side of tHe Chain.

[ILlustRation: ENTRANCe TO FORT PUTnam, wEST POINt, N. Y., In wIntER

Showing ToweR of NeW Academy ChAPel in MidDle DiStance]

FoRts ClintoN ANd MontgoMerY weRe uNdeR THe Command of GeneRAL
JamEs clinton, BroTher of tHe rEceNtlY-elEcTed GovernOr George
clInToN oF NeW York, AT this momEnT atTeNdiNg a seSSion of The
leGislAtUrE At KIngston. hEaRINg of ThE aPproAch Of The BrItisH
AgaInst the Forts, he adJouRNed tHe LeGislatuRe and hastened To
His brother’S aSsiStance WITh such miLitia as he could gather.

ThiS CompletEs tHe conVocaTion of the cliNtons iN thIS engagEment;
SIr HenRy cliNTOn, in cOMMaNd oF tHe British fORCes, generAl jameS
ClintoN, in command of the two WEstErn forts; and GoVerNor GEORgE
ClINtON, haStENinG TO the aid of brotheR James at FoRt cLiNton.

The appROacH oF the BriTish cauSed GeNEral PutNam to placE his
ContiNeNtalS ON thE eastern shOre behinD PeekskilL And to BRiNg
oveR frOm the wEsTerN shorE a largE ForCe to rEinforCe His own.
the BrItIsh galleYs advanced far enough up thE river To preVenT
communicAtiON beTween the tWo
 to divide the American
co lonies alo ng th e l ine  o f th e hi storic HudsonV alle y and then to
reduce e ach h al f  atl ei surewhile t h eB r iti sh  f lee tp re vente d a ny
effo rts at uni onby  way of thes ea -coast. Bu rgo yne surrende red  in
Oc to ber of th atyearat Sar a toga,which isro u ghly h a lf wayb e tw eenLake George and A l ba n y, but to SirHenryCl i nt o n , w hos e campaign 
w as on e  of dis a st e r tot he Americans,  a few mome n tsmay be  g ive n  in
pr ofita bl e  sp eculation.
The  American  force s  oppose d  to Cli nton o n t helowe r  H ud son 
c o nsi s te d o f  ab out 1200  C on tinen tals u n d er t hecomm and o f the
choleri c o ld G e ner al Is raelPutn am  andwere c oncen tr ated several
mi lessouth ofWes tPoi nt , whe r e thre e f ort s had b een bui l t a tg r e at  expense earlier i nt h eyear. Fo rt Ind e pe nd e nce wason  th e
ea s t  side  oft he  Hudsonjust n o rt hof Peek sk ill; F or tsCli ntona nd
M ontgom ery were  on t h e west side di r ectly opposit e ,M o nt g omer y
b eing the mo re n o rthe rn o f  t het wo. S outhof th e  location of the
fo rt s stoo d Dun derberg Mount ain, outpo s t of the h ighl a nd s  of the
Hudson . The  river was obstruct ed by  a boomand chain o ppositeFor t
M ont gom e r yand protected f romBr itish a ppr oach by  tw o f rig ate son
the no rthern s id eof  t hechain . 

[Illus tr ati on : E NTRAN C E TO F ORT P UTNA M,  W E STPOINT,N .Y . , IN  W IN TER
Sh ow ing T ower ofNew Aca demy Chap eli n Mi dd le  Distan ce]

Forts Cl in ton and Mo nt gom ery we r e  under t he command of General
J a mes Cli nto n, br othe r of therec ently- ele c ted Go vernor  Geor ge 
Cl i n ton o f Ne w Y or k, at this m ome nt at te ndin g a ses sion of the
legisl a tur e at Kingston . H eari n g  o f t h ea ppr oa c h o f the British
aga inst the f or t s,  he adjour n edth e legis latureand h a stenedto
his br other’s a ss ista n c e w ith such m ilitia a s he coul d  gath e r. 

Thi s c omplet es  th e con vocati o n o f the  Clint on s in t his e ng agement; 
Sir Henry Clinton, incomman d ofthe  Britishfor c es,  GeneralJame s
Clinton,  in  co mmand  of the t wo w e st ern forts ; an d  Governor Ge org e Cl inton, hast e n i ngto th e a i d of b roth er James at FortC linton.

The a ppro a c h o f t h e Br it ish caused Gen era lP u tnam topl ace his
Con tinental so n the  easte rn sho re behi n d  P e ekskil l an d t o bring
o ver  f r om thewe st e rn sho re a  l arge f orce t o  rei n f orce his own.
Th e Bri t i sh ga l ley s adv an ced far enou gh up theriver to pr eventcomm unica tion be tw een th e t wo 
 to_divide the_American
colonies along the line_of the_historic_Hudson Valley_and_then to
reduce each_half at leisure_while the British fleet_prevented any
efforts at_union_by way of the sea-coast. Burgoyne surrendered in
October of that year at Saratoga, which_is_roughly half_way_between
Lake_George and Albany, but to_Sir Henry Clinton, whose campaign
was_one of_disaster to the Americans, a few moments may_be_given in
profitable speculation.

The_American forces opposed to Clinton on the lower Hudson
consisted_of about 1200 Continentals under the_command of the
choleric_old_General_Israel Putnam and were_concentrated several
miles south of West Point,_where three forts had been built_at
great expense earlier in the year. Fort_Independence was on the
east side of_the Hudson just north of_Peekskill; Forts_Clinton and
Montgomery were on the_west side directly_opposite, Montgomery
being_the more northern_of the two. South of the_location of the
forts_stood Dunderberg Mountain, outpost of the_highlands_of the
Hudson. The_river_was_obstructed by_a boom and_chain_opposite Fort
Montgomery_and_protected from British approach by two_frigates_on
the northern side of the chain.

[Illustration: ENTRANCE_TO FORT PUTNAM, WEST_POINT,_N. Y., IN WINTER

Showing_Tower of New Academy Chapel_in Middle Distance]

Forts Clinton and Montgomery_were under_the command_of General
James Clinton, brother of the recently-elected Governor George
Clinton of New_York, at this moment attending a_session of the
legislature at_Kingston. Hearing_of_the approach of_the_British
against the_forts, he adjourned the legislature and hastened_to
his brother’s_assistance with such militia as he_could gather.

This completes the_convocation_of the Clintons in this engagement;
Sir_Henry Clinton, in command of the_British forces, General James
Clinton, in_command_of_the two western forts; and_Governor George
Clinton, hastening to the aid_of brother James_at Fort Clinton.

The approach of the British_caused_General Putnam to place his
Continentals on_the_eastern shore behind Peekskill and to_bring
over_from_the western shore a large_force to reinforce his own.
The British_galleys advanced far enough up the river to prevent
communication_between the two