 they can; for these arts are not
to be learned for nothing, and they have indeed to pay dear for their
acquirements. It is self-evident that an Eskimo cannot possibly devote
his time to these branches of knowledge and nevertheless be as good a
hunter as when he had only one interest in life, and learned nothing
except hunting and the management of the kaiak.[180] We have direct
evidence of the fact that skill with the kaiak has declined, in the
many accidents which have happened of late years. Formerly, according
to Rink, no more than fifteen or twenty deaths in kaiak-hunting
occurred during the year; but in 1888 and 1889 there have been
thirty-one fatal kaiak accidents each year.

The chief aim of all education must surely be to make the rising
generation good and capable citizens of the community in which their
lot is cast. But in what way does an Eskimo become a capable citizen of
his little community? Since hunting and fishing are the sole means of
supporting existence assigned by Nature to this community, it follows
that he can become a capable citizen only by acquiring the greatest
possible skill in these pursuits. Of what profit, then, to the Eskimo,
is his ability to read and write? He assuredly does not learn hunting
by help of these arts. It is true that by means of the few books he
possesses he may gain information as to other and better countries,
unattainable conditions and alleviations, of which he before knew
nothing; and thus he becomes discontented with his own lot, which was
formerly the happiest he could conceive. And then, too, he can read the
Bible--but does he understand very much of it? And would it not do him
just as much good if the matter of it were related to him, as his old
legends used to be? There can be no doubt that the advantage is dearly
bought. We must bear well in mind that the Eskimo community lives upon
the very verge of possible human existence, and that a concentrated
exertion of all its energies is necessary to enable it to carry on the
fight with inhospitable nature. A little more ballast and it must sink.
This is what is already happening, and all the wisdom in the world is
of
they can; for these arts are not 
 to be learned for nothing, and they have indeed to pay beloved for their 
 skill. It is self - evident that an Eskimo cannot possibly devote 
 his meter to these branch of knowledge and nevertheless be equally good a 
 hunter as when he had only one sake in life, and learned nothing 
 except hunt and the management of the kaiak.[180 ] We have direct 
 evidence of the fact that skill with the kaiak has decline, in the 
 many accident which have happened of late years. Formerly, according 
 to Rink, no more than fifteen or twenty death in kaiak - hunting 
 occurred during the year; but in 1888 and 1889 there have been 
 thirty - one black kaiak accidents each year. 

 The chief aim of all education must surely be to stool the rising 
 generation good and capable citizens of the residential district in which their 
 lot is cast. But in what way does an Eskimo become a capable citizen of 
 his little community? Since hunt and fishing are the sole means of 
 supporting existence assigned by Nature to this community, it follows 
 that he can become a capable citizen only by acquiring the great 
 possible skill in these pursuits. Of what net income, then, to the Eskimo, 
 is his ability to understand and spell? He assuredly does not learn hunting 
 by help of these arts. It is true that by means of the few books he 
 possess he may gain information as to other and better countries, 
 unattainable condition and alleviations, of which he before knew 
 nothing; and thus he becomes discontented with his own lot, which was 
 formerly the happy he could conceive. And then, too, he can read the 
 Bible -- but does he understand very much of it? And would it not serve him 
 just as much beneficial if the matter of it were related to him, as his old 
 legends use to be? There can be no doubt that the advantage is dearly 
 bought. We must behave well in mind that the Eskimo community populate upon 
 the very verge of potential human existence, and that a concentrated 
 exertion of all its energies is necessary to enable it to post on the 
 fight with inhospitable nature. A little more ballast and it must sink. 
 This is what is already happening, and all the wisdom in the worldly concern is 
 of
 thfy can; for these arts art not
to be learneb for nmthing, and theh have indeed to pay dear foc thwir
acwuirements. It is self-exident thwt an Esjimo xannot possibly deyjte
hjd tikx to these branghes of knofledge and nevarghzless be as good a
hunter as when he rad onlu lne interest ig ligq, ans learned nothing
except hunting ans the menagement of thr kaiak.[180] We have direct
evidfnce of the fact that dkill with jge hqiak has decuined, in the
many accidgnts which have happened of late yearx. Formerly, axcogging
to Rink, no mjre than fifbven or dwenty ceaths in kaial-huitint
occurred during the bear; but in 1888 and 1889 thgre have baeu
thirty-one fatal kaiaj qccidgnts aach teaf.

Tht ciier aim lf ell educatikn must surwly be to make the tifpmg
generation good wnq capable citizens of the community in fhidh their
lot is cast. But in what way does an Gskimo becjme a capable citizen of
his little community? Sinca hunvivg ckq didhing are the sole means of
supporting existenss ssxigned by Natuve to this communiyy, iy follows
that fe can bedome a capable citlzen onjy by acquirind thr greatest
possible skill in these pursupts. If what profit, theu, to the Esknmo,
is nis anility to read and writz? He aasuredly dofs not lezfn hunting
by helo on tvese arts. It is true that fy means if tke few buoks he
posfesses he lay gain information as ho otker atd better fountries,
unattainable conditions and alleviatoots, mf which he bcfore knew
nothigg; and thus he becomef diszontented sith hiv own lot, wrich was
formespy the happixst he cotld xoncwive. Ana then, too, he csn read tkt
Bible--but eoes he understand vety much of it? And woood it not do hom
jjst ad kusv good if tha magtef of ig were relabed to nim, as his old
legendv ussd to be? There can bc no doubj that thq advantage ix dearly
bought. We lust uear wxll in migd that the Eskimo community ljves upon
hhe very verge jf pissible humau existence, and that a concentrated
exertmon of all its energies is necessary to encbke it to cacry on the
fight with inhospitable nqture. A little move ballast and it must sink.
Tvis id what is already happening, and all the wisdom in the world is
of
they can; for these arts are not learned nothing, and have indeed to It self-evident that an cannot possibly devote time to these branches of knowledge nevertheless be as good a hunter as when he had only one interest life, and learned nothing except hunting and the management of the kaiak.[180] We direct of fact skill with the kaiak has declined, in the many accidents which have happened of late years. according to Rink, no more than fifteen or deaths in kaiak-hunting occurred the year; but in 1888 1889 have been fatal accidents year. The chief of all education must surely be to make the rising generation good and capable citizens of the in which is cast. in way an Eskimo become citizen of his little community? Since are the sole means of supporting existence assigned Nature to community, it follows that he can a capable citizen only by acquiring the greatest skill in these pursuits. Of what profit, then, to the Eskimo, is his ability to write? He assuredly does learn hunting by of arts. is that by of the few books he possesses he may gain information as other and better countries, unattainable conditions and alleviations, of which knew and thus he discontented with his own which formerly the happiest he And too, the does understand very much of And would it not do just as much good were related to him, as his old legends to be? There can be no doubt the advantage is dearly bought. We must bear well in mind that Eskimo community the very verge of possible human existence, and a concentrated exertion of its energies is necessary to enable it to carry the with inhospitable A little more and it must This is what happening, and the in of
 they can; for these arts are not
To be learneD for nOthIng, AnD theY havE indeed to pay deAR for Their
acquirements. It is sElf-evIdENt thAT aN EskiMo cannoT PoSSIblY dEvOte
HiS TiMe to tHesE branchEs of knowleDge AnD neverthelesS Be As good a
hunTer As when he had oNly One intErEst IN life, And LearnEd nothINg
excePt hunting AnD The manAGement oF THe KaiaK.[180] We have direct
evidENcE Of the fact that sKill wiTh THe KAIak Has Declined, in ThE
many ACcidentS WhICH HavE Happened of latE years. FormeRLy, aCcordiNg
To RINk, no moRe thaN fIFteEn or twenty dEathS in kaiak-hUnting
OCcurred DUring thE year; bUt iN 1888 anD 1889 theRE hAvE beEn
THirTY-oNe fATal Kaiak accIdEnTs eacH yeaR.

tHE ChieF aiM of aLl eduCation must surEly Be to MAke The riSing
gEnerAtIon goOd and cApablE cItizens of the comMuniTy in which TheIr
Lot Is Cast. BUT in whaT waY doEs an EskImo becoME a cApABLE cItizen of
his little cOmMUNiTy? Since hUnting ANd FiSHing are tHe SolE meaNS Of
supPortINg ExistencE assigNEd By nature tO tHis comMuNitY, it FolloWS
thaT he can Become a cApablE Citizen only by aCQuiring the greATeST
PoSSiblE skIll in these pUrsuITs. Of What PRoFit, THen, to The EsKiMO,
iS His ability to read and WrIte? He aSsureDly does not leaRn hunting
bY HELp of thesE artS. it IS true that by meaNs of tHe few books HE
possessEs he mAy gain inFormation AS To other aNd bEttEr cOunTRIeS,
unattainable CONditIoNs and alLevIations, Of wHicH he BefOrE knew
nothIng; and thUs He BeCoMes DiscoNTented wiTh His OwN loT, whicH Was
forMerly The hApPiESt hE could cONcEIVe. AnD tHeN, too, He cAn Read tHe
BiBLe--bUt does hE understaNd vERy muCh Of It? And woUld it not do him
JuSt as much goOd If tHe mattER Of it were Related to him, as his old
legENds used To bE? TherE can Be no doubt ThaT the adVanTAge is dEarly
bOught. we MusT BEar weLL In MinD tHat the EskiMO ComMunitY lIves Upon
the Very verge of possiblE HumAn existence, anD thAt a cONCeNtrATeD
ExeRtIOn oF ALl its energies is Necessary tO eNAbLe it to carrY On tHe
Fight wiTh inhosPitabLE nature. a little moRe ballast AnD it mUST siNk.
This is whAt is alreAdy happenINg, and ALl The wiSdoM in the WoRld Is
of
 they can; for these artsare not
to  be l ear ned  f or n othi ng, and they h a ve i ndeed to pay dear fortheir 
a c quir e me nts.It is s e lf - e vid en ttha ta nEskim o c annot p ossibly de vot ehis time tot he se branche s o f knowledgeand  never th ele s s beasgooda
hunt e r as w hen he ha do nly on e  intere s t  i n li fe, and learned n o th i ng
except hunt ing an dt he m ana gem ent of the  k aiak. [ 180] We ha v e dir e ct
evidence o f the factt hat  skill  w ith the ka iak h as dec lined, in t he
m any accid ents w h ich hav e  happen ed oflat e y ears .  F or mer ly ,  ac c or din g 
to  Rink, n omo re th an f i f t e en o r t went y dea ths in kaiak- hun ting occ urred  duri ng t he  year ; butin 18 88  and 1889 there  hav e been
th irt y- one  f atalk aiak a cci den ts each  year.The  c h i e faim of all educati on m us t surely  be to ma ke the risi ng 
ge nera t i on go od a n dcapablecitize n sof  the co mm unityin  wh ich  thei r 
lot  is ca st. Butin wh a t way does anE skimo becomea  c a p ab l e ci tiz en of
his l ittl e  com muni t y?  Si n ce hu nting  a n df ishing are the sole  m eans o f
sup porting exist ence assig n e d  by Natu re t o  t h is community,it fo llows
that he can b ecome  a capab le citize n only byacq uir ing  th e gr eatest
possib l e  ski ll  in the sepursuit s.Ofwha t p ro fit, then , to the  E sk im o, 
is  hisa bility t orea dand  writ e ? He a ssure dlydo es not  learnh un t i ng
b yhe lp o f t he se ar ts.I t i s truethat by m ean s  ofth efew boo ks he
possess es  he may ga in  in format i o n as toother and better countr i es,
una tta inabl e co nditionsand  allev iat i ons, o f whic h hebe for e knewn o th ing ;and thus h e bec omesdi scon tentedwith his own lot,w hic h was
formerl y t he h a p pi est he cou ld con c e ive. And then,too, he ca nr ea d the
Bibl e --b ut  does h e under stand very mu ch of it?  And woul dit n o t  do  him
justas muchgood if t h e mat t er  of i t w ere re la ted  to h im, as his  oldlegend sused t o be?  T here can  be no doubt that the a dvanta ge is  de arly
boug ht. Wemust bear  wel l in mindtha t t he Es kim o  comm unit y  l ive s  upon 
the very verg e  o f p o s si ble human e x i s ten ce, a ndt hat aconc entrated
exertion of all its ene rgie s isnec e ssar yto enable it t o c ar r y  on thefi ght with in hospitab le natur e. A l ittlemore ba l l as t  and i t mu stsink.
Thi s i sw hat isal re a dy hap peni ng , andall th e  wis d o m in the world i s
of
 they_can; for_these arts are not
to_be learned_for_nothing, and_they_have indeed to_pay dear for_their
acquirements. It is self-evident_that an Eskimo_cannot_possibly devote
his time to these branches of knowledge and nevertheless be as good a
hunter_as_when he_had_only_one interest in life, and_learned nothing
except hunting and the_management of_the kaiak.[180] We have direct
evidence of the fact_that_skill with the_kaiak has declined, in the
many accidents which have happened_of late years. Formerly, according
to Rink,_no more than_fifteen_or_twenty deaths in kaiak-hunting
occurred_during the year; but in 1888_and 1889 there have been
thirty-one fatal_kaiak accidents each year.

The chief aim of_all education must surely be to_make the rising
generation good and_capable citizens_of the community in which_their
lot is cast._But in_what way does_an Eskimo become a capable citizen_of
his little community?_Since hunting and fishing are the_sole_means of
supporting existence_assigned_by_Nature to_this community, it_follows
that_he can_become_a capable citizen only by acquiring_the_greatest
possible skill in these pursuits. Of what_profit, then, to the_Eskimo,
is_his ability to read_and write? He assuredly does_not learn hunting
by help of these_arts. It_is true_that by means of the few books he
possesses he may gain_information as to other and better_countries,
unattainable conditions and alleviations,_of which_he_before knew
nothing; and_thus_he becomes_discontented with his own lot, which was
formerly_the happiest_he could conceive. And then, too,_he can read the
Bible--but_does_he understand very much of it?_And would it not do him
just_as much good if the_matter_of_it were related to him,_as his old
legends used to be?_There can be_no doubt that the advantage is dearly
bought._We_must bear well in mind that_the_Eskimo community lives upon
the very verge_of_possible_human existence, and that a_concentrated
exertion of all its energies is_necessary to enable it to carry on the
fight with_inhospitable nature. A_little more ballast and it_must_sink.
This_is what is already happening, and all the wisdom in_the world_is
of