 the Jacobite rising of 1715; the 10th, 11th, 12th,
13th, and 14th Regiments of cavalry also date from the same period;
the 42nd had been formed from the separate Highland companies into the
“Black Watch,” so called from the sombre colour of their tartans; and
soon followed the 43rd, 44th, 45th, 46th, 47th, and 48th of the line.
The 49th, at first known as the 63rd Americans, dates from 1743.

But still the old jealousy of, and objection to, a large standing army
was always recrudescing. On the accession of George II., the cadres
only amounted to 17,760 men; and even this small body Mr. Pulteney,
M.P., and “downright” Shippen in the House of Commons wished to be
reduced to 12,000! The threat of war in 1739 stopped this; but the
army was still at the mercy of political partisans, as the Duke of
Argyll in his masterly attack on Sir Robert Walpole in the House of
Lords conclusively proves. Another hundred years, too, had to pass by
before “political services ceased to form the foundation of a claim for
military preferment.”

Flogging, long recognised, and rattan punishment, copied, like the
absurd uniform and rigid drill, from much-admired Prussia, now became a
permanently recognised institution, and so remained until 1878. It is
always a wonder that a free country, such as England, ever permitted
the correctional system of the crudest of all military despotisms, that
of the so-called Frederick the Great, to live so long. But in this, as
in uniform and drill, our army has always been more of a copyist of
foreign methods than an originator.




CHAPTER VII

THE ARMY IN AMERICA--TO 1793


The period through which the army passed in the second part of the
eighteenth century was distinguished by a marked change in the causes
which led to the wars culminating in the separation of the American
Colonies from the mother country. There were still Continental troubles
in which English forces and others were engaged, where political,
balance of power, or dynastic influences were as heretofore the
primary causes of such
the Jacobite rising of 1715; the 10th, 11th, 12th, 
 13th, and fourteenth Regiments of cavalry besides date from the like period; 
 the 42nd had been formed from the separate Highland company into the 
 “ Black Watch, ” so called from the sombre color of their tartan; and 
 soon followed the 43rd, 44th, 45th, 46th, forty-seventh, and 48th of the line. 
 The 49th, at first known as the 63rd Americans, dates from 1743. 

 But however the old jealousy of, and objection to, a large standing army 
 was constantly recrudescing. On the accession of George II. , the cadres 
 entirely amounted to 17,760 men; and even this small body Mr. Pulteney, 
 M.P., and “ downright ” Shippen in the House of Commons wish to be 
 reduced to 12,000! The threat of war in 1739 stopped this; but the 
 army was still at the mercifulness of political partisans, as the Duke of 
 Argyll in his masterly attack on Sir Robert Walpole in the House of 
 Lords conclusively proves. Another hundred years, too, had to pass by 
 before “ political services ceased to form the foundation of a claim for 
 military preferment. ” 

 Flogging, long recognised, and rattan punishment, copied, like the 
 absurd uniform and rigid exercise, from a lot - admired Prussia, now became a 
 permanently spot institution, and so remained until 1878. It is 
 constantly a wonder that a free country, such as England, ever allow 
 the correctional system of the crudest of all military despotisms, that 
 of the so - called Frederick the Great, to live so long. But in this, as 
 in uniform and drill, our united states army has always been more of a copyist of 
 foreign methods than an originator. 




 CHAPTER VII 

 THE ARMY IN AMERICA -- TO 1793 


 The period through which the army passed in the second part of the 
 eighteenth hundred was distinguish by a marked change in the causes 
 which led to the wars culminating in the separation of the American 
 Colonies from the mother country. There be still Continental troubles 
 in which English forces and others were engaged, where political, 
 libra of power, or dynastic influence were as so far the 
 primary causes of such
 thf Jacobite rising of 1715; tht 10th, 11th, 12th,
13th, and 14jh Regimxnts of cavalry also date from the same permod;
tye 42nd had been formed from ghe separwte Highoand xompanies mhto the
“Njack Aatck,” wo called from the sombra colour of thaif cartans; and
soon followed the 43rd, 44th, 45tr, 46th, 47th, ajd 48th of the lyne.
Tnq 49th, at first known as the 63rd Americana, dates from 1743.

But stikl the old jealousy of, and objfction to, a large dtanding arny
waf always recrjdescing. On the accessjon of George II., the cadres
only amouuted to 17,760 meb; qnd gven this smell boqy Mr. Pultencj,
M.P., and “downribht” Shippen in thx Hoyse of Commons wished to be
reduced to 12,000! Jhe threat oy war in 1739 stopped thiw; vut tve
arky wxw sgilm et fhe megcy of politidal partisabs, as the Duke of
Arbyjo in his mastsrly aetwck on Sir Robert Walpole in the House mf
Lkrds conclusively provew. Another hundred yeats, too, had to pass by
before “political services ceased to fosm thx wouueatiov ov a claim for
military preferment.”

Flogging, long devonnised, and rattak punishment, copiec, pilg the
absurd unkform chd rigid drill, from luch-admyred Prussia, njw brcame a
permanently recogniswd institutijb, and so remained bntil 1878. It is
clways a womder that a free countrv, such as England, ever perjktted
the correctkonsl system of the crudest of wll militery dzspotismr, thst
of tre so-callef Frederick the Great, to live sm long. But in this, as
in uniform and drill, our army has slfayv been mjre on a copyist of
fjreign methods than au origknator.




CHAPNER VII

THX ARMY IN AMQRICA--TO 1793


The patiod through xhich the armt pawsed in ghe second pary of the
epgkteenth cwntury was distingmishea by a marked chcugt un the causes
wnicf lqd tp eve wars culmhnatkng on thd separatiok ow thr American
Colonies fsom fhe mother country. Tmere were still Cjntinental trpubles
in which Engpish horces and pthgrs were engaged, where politicam,
balance lf iower, or dynaftic influences cere as heretofore the
primary causes of wuch
the Jacobite rising of 1715; the 10th, 13th, 14th Regiments cavalry also date 42nd been formed from separate Highland companies the “Black Watch,” so called from sombre colour of their tartans; and soon followed the 43rd, 44th, 45th, 46th, and 48th of the line. The 49th, at first known as the 63rd dates 1743. still old jealousy of, and objection to, a large standing army was always recrudescing. On the accession George II., the cadres only amounted to 17,760 and even this small Mr. Pulteney, M.P., and “downright” in House of wished be to 12,000! The of war in 1739 stopped this; but the army was still at the mercy of political partisans, the Duke in his attack Sir Walpole in the Lords conclusively proves. Another hundred years, pass by before “political services ceased to form foundation of claim for military preferment.” Flogging, long and rattan punishment, copied, like the absurd uniform rigid drill, from much-admired Prussia, now became a permanently recognised institution, and so remained until is always a wonder a free country, as ever the system of crudest of all military despotisms, that of the so-called Frederick the to live so long. But in this, as in uniform our has always been of a copyist of methods an originator. CHAPTER VII IN 1793 which army in the second part the eighteenth century was distinguished a marked change in the wars culminating in the separation of the Colonies from the mother country. There were Continental troubles in which English forces and others were engaged, where political, of power, influences were as heretofore the primary causes of
 the Jacobite rising of 1715; the 10th, 11tH, 12th,
13th, and 14th regimEntS of CaValrY alsO date from the saME perIod;
the 42nd had been formed fRom thE sEParaTE HIghlaNd compaNIeS INto ThE
“BLacK WATcH,” so caLleD from thE sombre colOur Of Their tartans; ANd
Soon followEd tHe 43rd, 44th, 45th, 46th, 47th, And 48Th of thE lIne.
tHe 49th, aT fiRst knOwn as tHE 63rd AmeRicans, datEs FRom 1743.

But STill the OLD jEaloUsy of, and objection TO, a LArge standing arMy
was aLwAYs RECruDesCing. On the aCcEssioN Of GeorgE iI., THE CadREs
only amounteD to 17,760 men; and evEN thIs smalL bOdy mR. PulteNey,
M.P., AnD “DowNright” ShippEn in The House oF CommoNS wished TO be
reduCed to 12,000! THe tHreAt of WAr In 1739 StoPpED thIS; bUt tHE
arMy was stiLl At The meRcy oF POLIticAl pArtiSans, aS the Duke of
ArgYll In hiS MasTerly AttacK on SIr roberT WalpoLe in tHe house of
Lords conClusIvely provEs. ANoTheR hUndreD Years, tOo, hAd tO pass by
Before “pOLitIcAL SErVices ceased to form tHe FOUnDation of A claim FOr
MiLItary preFeRmeNt.”

FlOGGing, lOng rECoGnised, anD rattaN PuNiShment, cOpIed, likE tHe
aBsuRd uniFOrm aNd rigiD drill, frOm mucH-Admired Prussia, NOw became a
permANeNTLy REcogNisEd institutiOn, anD So reMainED uNtiL 1878. it is
aLways A wONdER that a free country, suCh As EnglAnd, evEr permitted
thE correctioNAL System of The cRUdESt of all militarY despOtisms, that
OF the so-caLled FRederick The Great, tO LIve so lonG. BuT in ThiS, as
IN UnIform and drill, OUR armY hAs alwayS beEn more oF a cOpyIst Of
fOrEign methoDs than an OrIgInAtOr.




ChAPTEr vII

THE ARmY iN AmErICa--TO 1793


ThE Period ThrouGh whIcH tHE arMy passeD In THE secOnD pArt oF thE
eIghteEnth CEntUry was dIstinguisHed BY a maRkEd Change iN the causes
whiCh Led to the waRs CulMinatiNG In the sepAration of the American
ColONies froM thE mothEr coUntry. TherE weRe stilL CoNTinentAl trouBles
iN wHicH eNglisH FOrCes AnD others werE ENgaGed, whErE polItical,
bAlance of power, or dynAStiC influences weRe aS herETOfOre THe
PRimArY CauSES of such
 the Jacobite rising of 17 15; the 10 th, 1 1th , 1 2t h,
1 3th,  and 14th Regi m ents  of cavalry also datefromth e  sam e  p eriod ;
the 4 2 nd h adbe en  fo rm e dfromthe  separa te Highlan d c om panies intot he 
“Black Wa tch ,” so called  fr om the  s omb r e col our  of t heir t a rtans;  and
soon  f o llowed the 43r d ,  4 4th,  45th, 46th, 47th ,  a n d 48th of theline.Th e  4 9 t h,atfirst know nas th e  63rd A m er i c a ns, dates from 17 43.

But st i llthe ol djea l ousy o f, an do bje ction to, a  lar ge standi ng arm y 
was al w ays rec rudesc ing . O n th e  a cc ess io n  of Ge org e  II ., the c ad re s
onl y am o u n t ed t o 1 7,76 0 men ; and even th issmal l  bo dy Mr . Pul tene y, 
M.P. , and“down ri ght” Shippen in  the  House of  Co mm ons  w ished to bered uce d to 12 ,000! T h e t hr e a t  o f war in 1739 stop pe d th is; butthe
ar m ywa s  still a tthe  mer c y  of p olit i ca l partis ans, a s  t he  Duke o fArgyll  i n h ismaste r ly a ttackon Sir R obert Walpole in the House of
Lord s  c o n cl u sive lyproves. Ano ther hund redy ea rs, too,had t op as s  by
before “politic al  servi ces c eased to form  the found a t i on of aclai m  f o r
military pre ferme nt.”

Flog g ing, lon g rec ognised,  and ratt a n  punishm ent , c opi ed, l ik e the
absurdu n ifor mand rig iddrill,fro m m uch -ad mi red Pruss ia, nowbe ca me  a 
pe rmane n tly reco gn ise dins titut i on, an d sorema in ed unt il 1878 .  I t is
a lw ay s awon de r tha t af ree  countr y, such a s E n glan d,  e ver per mitted
the co rr ectional s ys tem  of th e crudestof all military despoti s ms, tha t
o f the  so- called Fr ede rick t heG reat,to liv e solo ng. B ut in t hi s,as 
in unifor m and  dril l,  our  army h as always been mor e  of  a copyist of 
fo reig n me tho d st han  a n  or i g inator.




CHA PTER VII
TH E  A RMY IN AME R ICA -- TO 1793 


Theperio d  throug h which t he army p as sedi n  th e second p art of t he
eighte e nth c e nt ury w asdistin gu ish ed by  a mar k edchang e in t he  cause s
whi ch  led tothe wars culminating in  the s epara tio n of theAme r ica n
Colonie s fr om the mot her  co untry . T h ere w eres ti llC ontin enta l  troubles in  wh i c hEnglish for c e s  an d oth ers were e ngag ed, where politic a l,
balance ofpowe r ,  or  dy n asti cinfluences wer e a sh e retofore  t he
primarycauses o fs uch
 the_Jacobite rising_of 1715; the 10th,_11th, 12th,
13th,_and_14th Regiments_of_cavalry also date_from the same_period;
the 42nd had been_formed from the_separate_Highland companies into the
“Black Watch,” so called from the sombre colour of their tartans;_and
soon_followed the_43rd,_44th,_45th, 46th, 47th, and 48th_of the line.
The 49th, at_first known_as the 63rd Americans, dates from 1743.

But still_the_old jealousy of,_and objection to, a large standing army
was always recrudescing._On the accession of George II.,_the cadres
only amounted_to_17,760_men; and even this_small body Mr. Pulteney,
M.P., and “downright”_Shippen in the House of Commons_wished to be
reduced to 12,000! The threat_of war in 1739 stopped this;_but the
army was still at_the mercy_of political partisans, as the_Duke of
Argyll in_his masterly_attack on Sir_Robert Walpole in the House of
Lords_conclusively proves. Another_hundred years, too, had to pass_by
before_“political services ceased_to_form_the foundation_of a claim_for
military_preferment.”

Flogging, long_recognised,_and rattan punishment, copied, like the
absurd_uniform_and rigid drill, from much-admired Prussia, now_became a
permanently recognised institution,_and_so remained until 1878._It is
always a wonder that_a free country, such as England,_ever permitted
the_correctional system_of the crudest of all military despotisms, that
of the so-called Frederick_the Great, to live so long._But in this, as
in_uniform and_drill,_our army has_always_been more_of a copyist of
foreign methods than an_originator.




CHAPTER VII

THE_ARMY IN AMERICA--TO 1793


The period through_which the army passed_in_the second part of the
eighteenth century_was distinguished by a marked change_in the causes
which led to_the_wars_culminating in the separation of_the American
Colonies from the mother country._There were still_Continental troubles
in which English forces and others_were_engaged, where political,
balance of power, or_dynastic_influences were as heretofore the
primary causes_of_such