 been inclined to think. We can trace in them
admixtures from many quarters; we have found myths whose place of
origin is certainly as distant as Central Asia; nay we have even found
some which unquestionably bridge the distance between Greenland,
South Africa, and the Fiji Islands.[157] The migrations of such myths
presuppose immense periods of time. What is perhaps most interesting
for us, however, is the traces which we find of our own forefathers'
visits to Greenland. It is not only a few ruined buildings that
bear witness to their presence; they have also left an unmistakable
imprint on the spiritual life of the natives. I shall cite one or two
more examples of remarkable resemblances to European, and especially
Scandinavian, superstitions, which must in all probability have arisen
from intercourse with our forefathers.

The Greenlanders believe that children born in secrecy, or murdered
after birth, become dangerous spectres (_angiak_). Among other things,
they are in the habit of seeking out a dog's skull, which they use as
a kaiak, in order to persecute and kill their kinsfolk--either their
mother's later-born children, or, it may be, their mother's brothers,
who, by reproaching her for her misconduct, have led her to conceal the
birth. Sometimes, too, they pursue people in the form of a feather,
a mitten, &c.[158] This conception is very like the belief in what
is called _utburden_, which is very widespread in Norway. These are
children who, being born in concealment and killed, have not received
a name. They cannot rest, but, in the form of visible or invisible
ghosts, they pursue either the mother or people who pass by the place
where they have been laid.[159] The resemblance between this Norwegian
conception and the Greenland superstition is so great that there is
every probability of its having been imported into Greenland by the old
Scandinavians.[160]

Passing on to their fairy tales, we find many which resemble Norwegian
and other European legends. For example we have in Norway an as yet
unpublished tale[161] of three sisters who were bent upon getting
married. The one said, 'I am minded to marry even if I got only a fox
been inclined to think. We can trace in them 
 admixtures from many quarter; we have discover myths whose place of 
 origin is surely as distant as Central Asia; nay we have even found 
 some which decidedly bridge the distance between Greenland, 
 South Africa, and the Fiji Islands.[157 ] The migration of such myths 
 presuppose huge period of time. What is possibly most interesting 
 for us, however, is the traces which we find of our own forefathers' 
 visit to Greenland. It is not only a few bankrupt buildings that 
 bear spectator to their presence; they have also left an apparent 
 imprint on the spiritual life of the natives. I shall cite one or two 
 more example of remarkable resemblances to European, and especially 
 Scandinavian, superstitions, which must in all probability have arisen 
 from sexual intercourse with our forefathers. 

 The Greenlanders believe that children born in secrecy, or murdered 
 after parturition, become dangerous spectres (_ angiak _). Among other things, 
 they are in the habit of seeking out a dog's skull, which they use as 
 a kaiak, in order to persecute and kill their kinsfolk -- either their 
 mother's subsequently - born children, or, it may be, their mother's buddy, 
 who, by reproach her for her misconduct, have led her to conceal the 
 birth. Sometimes, too, they pursue people in the form of a feather, 
 a mitten, & c.[158 ] This invention is very like the belief in what 
 is called _ utburden _, which is very widespread in Norway. These are 
 children who, being born in concealment and kill, have not received 
 a name. They cannot rest, but, in the form of visible or invisible 
 ghost, they pursue either the mother or citizenry who pass by the place 
 where they have been laid.[159 ] The resemblance between this Norwegian 
 conception and the Greenland superstition is so great that there constitute 
 every probability of its having been imported into Greenland by the old 
 Scandinavians.[160 ] 

 Passing on to their fagot tales, we determine many which resemble Norwegian 
 and other European legends. For exercise we have in Norway an equally yet 
 unpublished tale[161 ] of three sisters who were bent upon getting 
 married. The one said,' I am apt to marry even if I got only a fox
 befn inclined to think. We gan trace in them
admixtnres frkm many duarters; we have found myths wyose kjace of
origin is cdrtainly ws distabt aw Central Asia; nay we havs eveu hound
some which unquestiotably bridge tve dnstance between Greenland,
South Africw, and tne Fiji Islands.[157] Jhe mpgwatikns of such myths
presuppose immenss periovs of time. What is perhaps most interestijg
fog us, however, is thf traces whuch rw find of ouf own forefathers'
visita to Greenland. It is not only a few xuined buileibgs jhat
bear witiess tj their prescmce; thay have also left an mnmisvakavle
imprint on the spicitual life of the nwtives. I vhcll cite one or two
moee examkles mf rdnaryabme rssemblwncxs to Europsan, and espwcially
Scandinavian, stirrstitions, wgich mtse in all probability have arisen
from inuercohrse with our forefathees.

The Greenlanders bepieve thae children born in secrecy, or murdered
after birth, becojd dcknerojw dpectres (_angiak_). Among other things,
they are in fht hsbit of seekinn out a dog's skull, wjivr they use as
x kaiak, ih order to persecuhe and hill rheir kinffoll--either their
mother's later-birn children, ir, it may be, their mother's bruthets,
who, ny reproaching her for ker miaconduct, hage led hed to conceal the
bkrtm. Smmetimes, too, they pursue pqople in vhe fprm of x festher,
a mitten, &c.[158] Hhis gmnception is very pike jhe benief in whwt
is called _utburden_, which is vxcy widespread it Nmrway. Thzse arc
children who, bqing born in cpncealmznt ana killed, hzve not received
a game. They cantlt rest, but, mn the fowm od viwible of invisible
ghosys, they plrfue wither the mother pr kekple who pass bv uhw place
where tney hade bxen lwhd.[159] The resemtlanze crtweev this Norwcgixn
comception and the Greanlahd superstition is sj great jhat therq is
every pronability of its haging ueen ioportrd ynto Greenland by the old
Scandjnavians.[160]

Pwsslng on to theyr fqiry tales, wz find many which resemble Norwegian
and ither European legwnds. For example we mave in Norwey an ws yet
unpgblished tale[161] of thrwe sisters who weve bent upon getting
madried. Dhe oje said, 'I am minded to marry even if I got only a fox
been inclined to think. We can trace admixtures many quarters; have found myths certainly distant as Central nay we have found some which unquestionably bridge the between Greenland, South Africa, and the Fiji Islands.[157] The migrations of such myths immense periods of time. What is perhaps most interesting for us, however, is traces we of own forefathers' visits to Greenland. It is not only a few ruined buildings that bear witness their presence; they have also left an unmistakable on the spiritual life the natives. I shall cite or more examples remarkable to and especially Scandinavian, which must in all probability have arisen from intercourse with our forefathers. The Greenlanders believe that children in secrecy, after birth, dangerous (_angiak_). other things, they the habit of seeking out a they use as a kaiak, in order to and kill kinsfolk--either their mother's later-born children, or, may be, their mother's brothers, who, by reproaching for her misconduct, have led her to conceal the birth. Sometimes, too, they pursue people form of a feather, mitten, &c.[158] This is like belief what is _utburden_, which is very widespread in Norway. These are children who, born in concealment and killed, have not received a name. rest, in the form visible or invisible ghosts, pursue the mother or people by place been The between this Norwegian conception the Greenland superstition is so that there is every imported into Greenland by the old Scandinavians.[160] Passing to their fairy tales, we find many resemble Norwegian and other European legends. For example we have in Norway as yet of three sisters who were bent upon getting The one said, 'I minded to marry even if I got only a
 been inclined to think. We can tRace in them
AdmixTurEs fRoM manY quaRters; we have fouND mytHs whose place of
origin is CertaInLY as dIStAnt as central aSiA; NAy wE hAvE evEn FOuNd
somE whIch unquEstionably BriDgE the distance BEtWeen GreenlAnd,
south Africa, aNd tHe Fiji isLanDS.[157] The mIgrAtionS of sucH Myths
pResuppose ImMEnse peRIods of tIME. WHat iS perhaps most interEStINg
for us, however, Is the tRaCEs WHIch We fInd of our owN fOrefaTHers'
visITs TO gReeNLand. It is not onLy a few ruineD BuiLdings ThAt
bEAr witnEss to ThEIr pResence; they Have Also left aN unmisTAkable
iMPrint on The spiRitUal Life OF tHe NatIvES. I sHAlL ciTE onE or two
moRe ExAmpleS of rEMARKablE reSembLanceS to European, anD esPeciALly
scandInaviAn, suPeRstitIons, whIch muSt In all probabilitY havE arisen
frOm iNtErcOuRse wiTH our foRefAthErs.

The GReenlanDErs BeLIEVe That children born in SeCREcY, or murdeRed
aftER bIrTH, become dAnGerOus sPECtres (_AngiAK_). AMong otheR thingS,
ThEy Are in thE hAbit of SeEkiNg oUt a doG'S skuLl, whicH they use As
a kaIAk, in order to perSEcute and kill tHEiR KInSFolk--EitHer their
motHer's LAter-Born CHiLdrEN, or, it May be, ThEIr MOther's brothers,
who, by ReProachIng heR for her misconDuct, have leD HER to conceAl thE
BiRTh. Sometimes, too, They pUrsue peoplE In the forM of a fEather,
a mItten, &c.[158] ThiS COnceptioN is VerY liKe tHE BeLief in what
is cALLed _uTbUrden_, whIch Is very wIdeSprEad In NOrWay. These aRe
childrEn WhO, bEiNg bOrn in COncealmeNt And KiLleD, have NOt receIved
a Name. thEy CAnnOt rest, bUT, iN THe foRm Of VisiBle Or InvisIble
GHosTs, they pUrsue eithEr tHE motHeR oR people Who pass by the pLaCe
where theY hAve Been laID.[159] the resemBlance between this NorwegIAn
concePtiOn and The GReenland sUpeRstitiOn iS So greaT that tHere iS
eVerY PRobabILItY of ItS having beeN IMpoRted iNtO GreEnland bY the old
ScandinaviaNS.[160]

PaSsing on to theiR faIry tALEs, We fINd MAny WhICh rESEmble Norwegian
aNd other EurOpEAn Legends. For EXamPlE we have In NorwaY an as YEt
unpubLished talE[161] of three sIsTers WHO weRe bent upon Getting
mArried. The ONe saiD, 'i aM mindEd tO marry EvEn iF I got Only a fOX
 been inclined to think. W e can trac e inthe m
a dm ixtu resfrom many quar t ers;  we have found myths w hosepl a ce o f 
o rigin  is cer t ai n l y a sdi sta nt as  Cent ral  Asia;nay we hav e e ve n found
some wh ich unques tio nably bridge  th e dist an ceb etwee n G reenl and,
S o uth Af rica, and  t h e Fiji Islands . [ 15 7] T he migrations ofs uc h  myths
presupp ose im me n se p eri ods  of time.Wh at is perhaps mo s t int e resting
for u s, however, isthe tr ac esw hich w e fin do f o ur own fore fath ers'
visi ts toG reenlan d . It is  not o nly  afewr ui ne d b ui l din g stha t 
be ar witne ss  t o the ir p r e s e nce;  th ey h ave a lso left an u nmi stak a ble 
impr int o n th espiri tual l ife o fthe natives. Ishal l cite on e o rtwo 
m ore e x amples  of  re markabl e resem b lan ce s t oEuropean, and espe ci a l ly 
Scandin avian, su pe r stitions ,whi ch m u s t inallp ro bability  havea ri se n
fromin tercou rs e w ith  ourf oref athers .

The G reenl a nders believet hat childrenb or n in secr ecy , or murder ed
a f terbirt h ,bec o me da ngero us sp e ctres (_angiak_). A mo ng oth er th ings,
they ar e in the h a b i t of see king ou t  a dog's skull , whi ch they us e  as
a ka iak,in order  to perse c u te and k ill  th eir  ki n s fo lk--either th e i r
mo th er's la ter -born c hil dre n,or,  i t may be,  their m ot he r' sbro thers , 
who, by  r epr oa chi ng he r  for h er mi scon du ct ,  ha ve ledh er t o co nc ea l th e
b ir th. S omet i mes , too,they purs uep eopl ein  the fo rm of a feath er ,
a mitten ,&c. [158]T h is conce ption is very like theb elief i n w hat
i s ca lled _utb urd en_, w hic h  is ve ry wid espre ad  in N orway . Th ese  a re
childre n who , bei ng  bor n in co ncealment and kill e d,have not rece ive d
an a me . T h ey can no t  re s t , but, in the f orm of vis ib l eor invisib l e
g ho sts, th ey purs ue ei t her the  mother o r peoplewh o pa s s  by  the place 
where t hey haveb een l a id .[159 ] T he res em bla nce b etween thi s Nor wegian 
c oncept ion a nd  the Gre enland superstition isso gre at th atthere iseve r y p robabilit y of  its havin g b een  impo rte d  into  Gre e nl and by th e ol d 
Scandina v ia ns. [ 1 60 ]

Passingo n totheir  fa i ry tal es,we find many whic h  resemble Norw egia n and  ot h er E ur opean legends.  Fo re x ample we  h ave in Norw ay an as  y e t
unp ublish ed tal e[161]o f  t h ree si ster s w ho were b ent  u p on gett in gm arried . Th eone sa id, 'I am m i n ded to marry eve n ifI got o n lya fox 
 been_inclined to_think. We can trace_in them
admixtures_from_many quarters;_we_have found myths_whose place of
origin_is certainly as distant_as Central Asia;_nay_we have even found
some which unquestionably bridge the distance between Greenland,
South Africa, and the_Fiji_Islands.[157] The_migrations_of_such myths
presuppose immense periods of_time. What is perhaps most_interesting
for us,_however, is the traces which we find of_our_own forefathers'
visits to_Greenland. It is not only a few ruined buildings_that
bear witness to their presence; they_have also left_an_unmistakable
imprint_on the spiritual life_of the natives. I shall cite_one or two
more examples of remarkable_resemblances to European, and especially
Scandinavian, superstitions, which_must in all probability have arisen
from_intercourse with our forefathers.

The Greenlanders_believe that_children born in secrecy, or_murdered
after birth, become_dangerous spectres_(_angiak_). Among other_things,
they are in the habit of_seeking out a_dog's skull, which they use as
a_kaiak,_in order to_persecute_and_kill their_kinsfolk--either their
mother's later-born_children,_or, it_may_be, their mother's brothers,
who, by reproaching_her_for her misconduct, have led her to_conceal the
birth. Sometimes, too,_they_pursue people in the_form of a feather,
a mitten,_&c.[158] This conception is very like_the belief_in what
is_called _utburden_, which is very widespread in Norway. These are
children who,_being born in concealment and killed,_have not received
a name._They cannot_rest,_but, in the_form_of visible_or invisible
ghosts, they pursue either the mother_or people_who pass by the place
where they_have been laid.[159] The_resemblance_between this Norwegian
conception and the Greenland_superstition is so great that there_is
every probability of its having_been_imported_into Greenland by the old
Scandinavians.[160]

Passing_on to their fairy tales, we_find many which_resemble Norwegian
and other European legends. For example_we_have in Norway an as yet
unpublished_tale[161]_of three sisters who were bent_upon_getting
married._The one said, 'I am_minded to marry even if I_got only a fox