ed
out_ on a chart often looks like the track made by a drunken man, as it
zigzags hither and thither, swings about, and varies widely from one
side or the other of its true course.

In order to come anywhere near accuracy by means of dead reckoning a
mariner must be thoroughly familiar with the tides and currents through
which he is sailing. He must be able to judge the strength of the wind;
he must know just what his vessel will do under varying conditions; he
must be able to guess very closely the leeway she makes, and he must
bear in mind all the changes of course, all the tacks and all the
shifting of sails which have been made. Only by such knowledge and by
long practice can a sailor determine where he is by dead reckoning and
even then he can only locate his position approximately. It seems
remarkable that any man can come anywhere near the truth by such means
but many sea captains have become so expert that they can figure out
their position by dead reckoning and come within a very few miles of the
right result every time.

Very few amateur sailors will ever need to go into the details of dead
reckoning, but it is often convenient to be able to determine roughly
where you are and you should strive to become so accustomed to your
boat’s speed under various conditions that you can guess very closely
how far and how fast she has sailed. You should also study the charts of
your vicinity and learn all about the tides and currents and should be
able to judge of the leeway you are making, as well as to form an
accurate idea of the weight of the wind or the speed at which it is
blowing. All these things are a part of knowing how to sail and handling
a boat and they will come in mighty handy sooner or later.

Many a race has been won by a man or boy knowing the currents and tides
and taking advantage of them. If you are out in a fog or in darkness
your knowledge of winds, currents and other conditions will enable you
to steer a true course and reach port, whereas, if ignorant of these
simple matters, you might be compelled to drift about for hours until
you could see your surroundings.

Until you have tried you can have no idea of how much you can learn
about such matters or what a keen sense of
ed 
 out _ on a chart often looks like the track made by a bibulous valet, as it 
 zigzags hither and thither, swings about, and vary wide from one 
 side or the other of its true path. 

 In order to come anywhere near accuracy by mean of all in reckoning a 
 mariner must be thoroughly familiar with the tide and currents through 
 which he is sailing. He must be able to pronounce the strength of the wind; 
 he must know just what his vessel will do under change conditions; he 
 must be able to guess very closely the allowance she makes, and he must 
 bear in judgment all the changes of path, all the tacks and all the 
 shifting of sails which have been made. Only by such cognition and by 
 long practice can a sailor determine where he is by dead reckoning and 
 even then he can only situate his position approximately. It seems 
 remarkable that any man can come anywhere near the truth by such means 
 but many sea captains have become so expert that they can calculate out 
 their position by dead count and hail within a very few miles of the 
 right result every meter. 

 Very few amateur sailors will ever need to proceed into the details of dead 
 reckoning, but it is often commodious to be able to determine roughly 
 where you are and you should strive to become so accustomed to your 
 boat ’s speed under various condition that you can think very closely 
 how far and how fast she has sailed. You should also analyze the charts of 
 your vicinity and learn all about the tide and currents and should be 
 able to judge of the leeway you are making, equally well as to form an 
 accurate idea of the weight of the wind or the speed at which it is 
 botch. All these things are a part of knowing how to sweep and handling 
 a gravy boat and they will come in mighty handy sooner or later. 

 Many a raceway has been succeed by a man or boy knowing the currents and tides 
 and taking advantage of them. If you are out in a fog or in darkness 
 your cognition of winds, currents and early conditions will enable you 
 to steer a true class and reach port, whereas, if ignorant of these 
 simple matter, you might be compelled to drift about for hours until 
 you could see your surroundings. 

 Until you have tried you can have no theme of how much you can memorize 
 about such matters or what a keen sense of
ed
okt_ on a chart often lookr like the track made uy a drhnken mav, as it
zigzags hither and thmthee, swibgs about, and varies wkdely frol one
sidw or rhe other of its tvbe cohvse.

In irder to come snywhere naar accuracy bf oecns of dead reckoning a
mariner must fe thorpuhhly familiar rith ehe fpdts and currents through
which he ia sailiig. He must be anle to judge the strength lf tje wind;
he must knoa just what his cessel will ao under varying condijions; he
must be able to guess vefy clpsely the oewwaj she makes, end he must
bear in mind aln the cnanges of courxe, ell rhe tacks and all the
vhifting of sails rhich hava yeen made. Only by sucy jnowlgdge dnd ct
lovg krartide can a aailor detsrmine wherw he is by dead reclogpmg and
even tgen he cwn only locate his position approximateny. Jt seems
remarkable that any man can come anyahere neaw the truth by such means
but many sea captains haee berooe wo dzpfrt that they can figure out
their position by sesd reckoning and come withim w fgry few miles uf the
xjggt result every tile.

Very sew anateur saylorx will ever need to go into the details if dead
reckoning, bbt it is oftzn confeniemt to be able to determnne rohghly
where jou are aha you should strkve tm become so accustomed to rour
boat’s spezd under varoous cjnditions hhat nmu can guess very flosepy
vow far anf how fast she has sailed. You sipuld also stody thv charts jf
youv vicinity and jearn all abouj the tidzs and currents znd shonld be
able tj judge of tha leeway you ere makind, as welo as to worm an
accuratr idea of the weighr of the wind or tme spges at which it iw
bliwing. All these thkngf wrx a pwst of knowinc hod tu sail and handlikg
a boay and they will come in jighty handy soonet jr later.

Nany a rwce has been eon by a man or boj knoxing tie curtenjs and tides
and taking advantags of them. If you are out in q fog or in barkness
your knowledge of winds, currents and other conditiins will enable you
jo xteer a trux courfe and redch port, whereas, if ugnorant of these
ximple matters, you mifht be compflled to drift about for hours until
you could see your surroundings.

Until tou hate tried you dan nave to ndea of how ouch you can leagn
about such matters or what a kxen sense mf
ed out_ on a chart often looks track by a man, as it about, varies widely from side or the of its true course. In order come anywhere near accuracy by means of dead reckoning a mariner must be familiar with the tides and currents through which he is sailing. He must able judge strength the wind; he must know just what his vessel will do under varying conditions; he must able to guess very closely the leeway she and he must bear mind all the changes of all tacks and the of which have been Only by such knowledge and by long practice can a sailor determine where he is by dead and even can only his approximately. seems remarkable that can come anywhere near the truth but many sea captains have become so expert they can out their position by dead reckoning come within a very few miles of the result every time. Very few amateur sailors will ever need to go into the details reckoning, but it is convenient to be to roughly you and you strive to become so accustomed to your boat’s speed under various that you can guess very closely how far and how has You should also the charts of your and all about the tides and be of leeway are making, as well to form an accurate idea the weight of the which it is blowing. All these things are part of knowing how to sail and a boat and they will come in mighty handy sooner or later. a race won by a man or boy knowing the and tides and taking of them. If you are out in a fog in your knowledge winds, currents and conditions will enable to steer a and reach whereas, ignorant matters, you might be compelled to about hours until you could see surroundings. have tried you can have no idea of how much you can learn about such what a keen sense
ed
out_ on a chart often looks liKe the track Made bY a dRunKeN man, As it
Zigzags hither aND thiTher, swings about, and variEs widElY From ONe
Side oR the othER oF ITs tRuE cOurSe.

iN oRder tO coMe anywhEre near accUraCy By means of deaD ReCkoning a
maRinEr must be thorOugHly famIlIar WIth thE tiDes anD curreNTs throUgh
which hE iS SailinG. he must bE ABlE to jUdge the strength of THe WInd;
he must know jUst whaT hIS vESSel WilL do under vaRyIng coNDitions; HE
mUST Be aBLe to guess very Closely the lEEwaY she maKeS, anD He must
Bear iN mINd aLl the changeS of cOurse, all tHe tackS And all tHE
shiftiNg of saIls WhiCh haVE bEeN maDe. oNly BY sUch KNowLedge and By
LoNg praCticE CAN A saiLor DeteRmine Where he is by deAd rEckoNIng And
evEn theN he cAn Only lOcate hIs posItIon approximatelY. It sEems
remarKabLe ThaT aNy man CAn come AnyWheRe near tHe truth BY suCh MEANs
But many sea captains HaVE BeCome so exPert thAT tHeY Can figurE oUt
tHeir POSitioN by dEAd ReckoninG and coME wItHin a verY fEw mileS oF thE
riGht reSUlt eVery tiMe.

Very feW amatEUr sailors will eVEr need to go intO ThE DEtAIls oF deAd
reckoning, But iT Is ofTen cONvEniENt to bE able To DEtERmine roughly
where yoU aRe and yOu shoUld strive to beCome so accuSTOMed to youR
boaT’S sPEed under variouS condItions that YOu can gueSs verY closely
How far and HOW fast she Has SaiLed. you SHOuLd also study thE CHartS oF
your viCinIty and lEarN alL abOut ThE tides and Currents AnD sHoUlD be
Able tO Judge of tHe LeeWaY yoU are mAKing, as Well aS to fOrM aN
AccUrate idEA oF THe weIgHt Of thE wiNd Or the SpeeD At wHich it iS
blowing. ALl tHEse tHiNgS are a paRt of knowing hoW tO sail and haNdLinG
a boat AND they wilL come in mighty handy sooneR Or later.

manY a racE has Been won by A maN or boy KnoWIng the CurrenTs and TiDes
AND takiNG AdVanTaGe of them. If YOU arE out iN a Fog oR in darkNess
your knowledge oF WinDs, currents and OthEr coNDItIonS WiLL enAbLE yoU
TO steer a true courSe and reach PoRT, wHereas, if igNOraNt Of these
Simple mAtterS, You mighT be compelLed to drifT aBout FOR hoUrs until
yoU could seE your surrOUndinGS.

UNtil yOu hAve triEd You Can haVe no idEA of How muCh you cAn Learn
aBout sUcH matters Or what a keen sense of
ed
out_ on a chart often l ooks likethe t rac k m ad e by  a d runken man, as it
z igzags hither and thit her,sw i ngsa bo ut, a nd vari e sw i del yfr omon e 
s ide o r t he othe r of its t rue  c ourse.

In o r de r to comeany where near a ccu racy b ymea n s ofdea d rec koning a
mari ner mustbe thorou g hly fam i l ia r wi th the tides andc ur r ents through
w hich h ei ss a ili ng.  He must b eablet o judge th e s tre n gth of the wi nd;
he must kno w just  w hat his ve sselwi l l d o under var ying  conditio ns; he must be able to  guess  ve ryclos e ly  t hele e way sh e m a kes , and he  m us t
bea r in m i n d al l t he c hange s of course,all  the tac ks an d all  the 
s hifti ng ofsails  w hich have beenmade . Only by  su ch  kn ow ledge and by 
lo ngpractic e can a sai lo r d et ermine where he is  b y de ad recko ning a n dev e n then h ecan  onl y locat e hi s  p ositionapprox i ma te ly. Itse ems
re ma rka ble  that anyman ca n come a nywhe r e near the tru t h by such mea n sb u tm anysea  captains h aveb ecom e so ex per t  that  they  c a nf igure out
their pos it ion by  dead  reckoning an d come wit h i n  a veryfewm il e s of the
right  resu lt every t i me.

Ver y few  amateur  sailorsw i ll evernee d t o g o i n t othe details o f dead 
r eckonin g,but itisoft encon ve nient tobe ableto  d et er min e rou g hly
wher eyou  a reand y o u shou ld st rive  t ob eco me so a c cu s t omed  t oyour 
bo at ’s sp eedu nde r vario us condit ion s  tha tyo u can g uess very clo se ly
how far  a ndhow fa s t  she has  sailed. You should als o  studythe  char ts o f
your vi cin ity an d l e arn al l abou t the  t ide s and c u r re nts  a nd shouldb e 
ab le to  j udge  of the  leeway you are ma k ing , as well astoform a nacc u ra t e i de a  of t he weight of th e wind orth e  s peed at wh i chit  is
blo wing. A ll th e se thin gs are apart of k no wing h owto sail an d handli ng
a boat and t h ey  will  co me inmi ght y han dy soo n eror la ter.
Ma ny a r ace h as  been wo n by a man or boy knowi ng the  curr ent s and tid esa ndtaking ad vant age of the m.Ifyou a reo ut in  a f o gori n dar knes s 
your kno w le dge o fwinds, curr e n t s a nd ot her condit ions  will enable yout o steer a true  cou r s e a ndr each  p ort, whereas,ifig n o rant ofth ese
simplematters,  y o u mig ht becompel led tod r if t  about  for  ho urs until 
yo uc ould se eyo u r surr ound in gs.

U ntil y o u ha v e  tried you can h ave n o ideao f h ow mu ch  you ca n  lea rn
about s uch matters  or wh at a  keen  senseof 
ed
out_ on_a chart_often looks like the_track made_by_a drunken_man,_as it
zigzags hither_and thither, swings_about, and varies widely_from one
side or_the_other of its true course.

In order to come anywhere near accuracy by means of_dead_reckoning a
mariner_must_be_thoroughly familiar with the tides_and currents through
which he is_sailing. He_must be able to judge the strength of_the_wind;
he must know_just what his vessel will do under varying conditions;_he
must be able to guess very_closely the leeway_she_makes,_and he must
bear in_mind all the changes of course,_all the tacks and all the
shifting_of sails which have been made. Only_by such knowledge and by
long practice_can a sailor determine where_he is_by dead reckoning and
even then_he can only_locate his_position approximately. It_seems
remarkable that any man can come_anywhere near the_truth by such means
but many sea_captains_have become so_expert_that_they can_figure out
their position_by_dead reckoning_and_come within a very few miles_of_the
right result every time.

Very few amateur sailors_will ever need to_go_into the details of_dead
reckoning, but it is often_convenient to be able to determine_roughly
where you_are and_you should strive to become so accustomed to your
boat’s speed under_various conditions that you can guess_very closely
how far and_how fast_she_has sailed. You_should_also study_the charts of
your vicinity and learn all_about the_tides and currents and should be
able_to judge of the_leeway_you are making, as well as_to form an
accurate idea of the_weight of the wind or_the_speed_at which it is
blowing. All_these things are a part of_knowing how to_sail and handling
a boat and they will_come_in mighty handy sooner or later.

Many_a_race has been won by a_man_or_boy knowing the currents and_tides
and taking advantage of them. If_you are out in a fog or in darkness
your_knowledge of winds,_currents and other conditions will_enable_you
to_steer a true course and reach port, whereas, if ignorant_of these
simple_matters, you might_be compelled to drift about for hours until
you could see_your surroundings.

Until you have tried you can_have no idea of how much you can learn
about such matters_or what a keen sense of