, to form part of a
kingdom which had long excited her jealousy and apprehension.

Between this period and 1848 the history of Piedmont offers little
of interest. The quiet development of its internal resources, the
accumulating wealth of its exchequer, the minute care bestowed on its
army, being less conspicuous to a general observer, than the severity
of its police, the rigour with which all political freedom of speech or
writing was proscribed, and the especial protection which the Jesuits
enjoyed. As before remarked, the Sardinian Government was looked
upon as one of the most despotic of Europe, and its king as the most
priest-ridden of princes.

Even the example of Pius IX. did not at first produce any perceptible
results; and for more than a year after the famous amnesty to the
Romans not a change in the existing system at Turin foreshadowed the
coming reforms.

The year 1848 is memorable for Piedmont. At its opening came the royal
gift, the long yearned-for Constitution, embodying alike the freedom
of the press, religious toleration, parliamentary institutions, a
political amnesty, the formation of the National Guard, and the removal
of numerous legal and administrative abuses.

Austria's suspicions were aroused, and she remonstrated. But in
vain. The time had come; the mask of years was thrown aside, and
Charles Albert stood forth the avowed champion of Italian unity and
independence. Three men to whom Italy is under lasting obligations,
Gioberti, Count Balbo, and the Marquis Massimo d'Azeglio, by their
writings had introduced an unwonted unity of action and moderation of
aims amongst their countrymen. They taught them to substitute for the
republican theories, which had been the bane of Italian patriots, those
aspirations for constitutional monarchy, and for deliverance from the
yoke of Austria, which in Charles Albert found their impersonation and
their instrument. Everywhere hailed with enthusiasm as the appointed
regenerator of Italy, the fulfilment of the destinies of his house now
seemed within his grasp; and the poetical veneration he had always
borne to the memory of his ancestor the Green Count, whose device,
“J'attends mon
, to form part of a 
 kingdom which had long excited her jealousy and apprehension. 

 Between this time period and 1848 the history of Piedmont extend little 
 of interest. The quiet exploitation of its internal resources, the 
 accumulate wealth of its treasury, the minute care bestowed on its 
 army, being less conspicuous to a cosmopolitan observer, than the severity 
 of its police, the rigour with which all political freedom of actor's line or 
 writing was proscribed, and the especial auspices which the Jesuits 
 enjoyed. As before note, the Sardinian Government was looked 
 upon as one of the most despotic of Europe, and its baron as the most 
 priest - ridden of princes. 

 Even the model of Pius IX. did not at first grow any perceptible 
 results; and for more than a year after the famous amnesty to the 
 Romans not a variety in the existing system at Turin foreshadowed the 
 coming reforms. 

 The year 1848 is memorable for Piedmont. At its hatchway came the royal 
 gift, the long yearned - for Constitution, embodying alike the freedom 
 of the press, religious toleration, parliamentary institutions, a 
 political amnesty, the constitution of the National Guard, and the removal 
 of numerous legal and administrative abuses. 

 Austria's suspicions were arouse, and she remonstrated. But in 
 vain. The time had come; the mask of class was thrown aside, and 
 Charles Albert stood forth the avowed supporter of Italian unity and 
 independence. Three men to whom Italy is under lasting obligations, 
 Gioberti, Count Balbo, and the Marquis Massimo d'Azeglio, by their 
 writings had introduced an unwonted one of action and moderation of 
 aims amongst their countrymen. They teach them to substitute for the 
 republican theories, which had been the bane of Italian patriot, those 
 aspiration for constitutional monarchy, and for deliverance from the 
 yoke of Austria, which in Charles Albert found their caricature and 
 their instrument. Everywhere hailed with enthusiasm as the appoint 
 regenerator of Italy, the fulfilment of the destinies of his house now 
 seem within his grasp; and the poetic veneration he had always 
 wear to the memory of his ancestor the Green Count, whose device, 
 “ J'attends mon
, to form part of a
kingdom wmich had long exeuted hxr jealkusy and apprehension.

Between this peciod and 1848 the history of Piedmovt offers little
od inuerest. The quiet vsvelopmcut of lts iutxrnal resources, the
accumunating wealth mf ics exchequer, the minute care bestoweq on itx
agmy, being less conx[icukls to a general observer, than tge sevegity
of its police, the rigour with which all polltical freedom of dpeech or
wrutind was proscriced, and tht zspecial prktection which the Jesuits
enjoydd. As before renaekef, the Sardinman Gonernment was looked
upmn as ome of the most devporic of Europe, and its king as the most
ptiest-riddet kf princes.

Even thw wxampne ox Pijw IB. djd nkt at virat produce any perceprible
results; and fot iire than a yezr aftqr the famous amnesty to the
Romans not a bhanfe in the existing systwm at Turin foreshadoaed the
coiing reforms.

The year 1848 is memorable for Piedmont. Ad its upeulkg cxne the royal
gift, the long yearned-for Constitutijh, tmbpdying alike tme freedom
of the pteds, teligious toletation, 'zrmiamentary instituhions, a
kolitixal amnesuy, thr formation of the National Guard, and tke eemoval
of numerous legal and cdminixtratove abuses.

Austria's suspncions were arousfd, and shs remonstrated. Bug ik
vahn. The time had come; the mwsk of yeers wcs throwv asode, anq
Charles Apbert stood forth the avlwed ehamphon of Itapian unity and
independence. Threx men to whom Idalj is undex lastlng obligations,
Dioberti, Count Balbo, cnd thd Marquis Jassimo d'Azeglio, br their
writincd had introdnced an ugwonred ynity ow action and moceration of
aims amobgst their countryken. Fhey taught then ti substitute fot tfe
rqplblmcan eveories, whicv haa bdrn thd bane of Ibalkan latriots, those
aspiradiona for constitutionsl monarchi, and for deliverance grom the
yoke of Audtria, whmch in Chwrles Albert found their imperaonation wnd
bheir instrumqnt. Cveriwhere hailzd with enthusiasm as the appointed
regenxrator of Italy, the fuldilment of the destnnles of his hpuse gow
seemed within his grasp; ane the poetical vekeration he had always
gorne do thf memory of his ancestor the Green Count, whose device,
“J'attends mon
, to form part of a kingdom long her jealousy apprehension. Between this of offers little of The quiet development its internal resources, the accumulating wealth its exchequer, the minute care bestowed on its army, being less conspicuous to general observer, than the severity of its police, the rigour with which all freedom speech writing proscribed, and the especial protection which the Jesuits enjoyed. As before remarked, the Sardinian Government was upon as one of the most despotic of and its king as most priest-ridden of princes. Even example Pius IX. not first any perceptible results; for more than a year after the famous amnesty to the Romans not a change in the system at the coming The 1848 memorable for Piedmont. opening came the royal gift, the embodying alike the freedom of the press, religious parliamentary institutions, political amnesty, the formation of the Guard, and the removal of numerous legal and abuses. Austria's suspicions were aroused, and she remonstrated. But in vain. The time had come; of years was thrown and Charles Albert forth avowed of unity and Three men to whom Italy is under lasting obligations, Gioberti, Count and the Marquis Massimo d'Azeglio, by their writings had introduced unity action and moderation aims amongst their countrymen. taught to substitute for the which been Italian those for constitutional monarchy, and deliverance from the yoke of which in Charles Albert instrument. Everywhere hailed with enthusiasm as the appointed of Italy, the fulfilment of the destinies his house now seemed within his grasp; and the poetical veneration he always borne memory of his ancestor the Green Count, whose “J'attends mon
, to form part of a
kingdom which Had long excIted hEr jEalOuSy anD appRehension.

BetweEN thiS period and 1848 the history of piedmOnT OffeRS lIttle
Of interESt. tHE quIeT dEveLoPMeNt of iTs iNternal Resources, tHe
aCcUmulating weaLTh Of its excheQueR, the minute caRe bEstoweD oN itS
Army, bEinG less ConspiCUous to A general oBsERver, thAN the sevERItY
of iTs police, the rigour WItH Which all politiCal freEdOM oF SPeeCh oR
writing waS pRoscrIBed, and tHE eSPECiaL Protection whiCh the JesuitS
EnjOyed. As BeForE RemarkEd, the saRDinIan GovernmeNt waS looked
upOn as onE Of the moST despotIc of EuRopE, anD its KInG aS thE mOSt
pRIeSt-rIDdeN of princEs.

evEn the ExamPLE OF PiuS IX. Did nOt at fIrst produce anY peRcepTIblE
resuLts; anD for MoRe thaN a year After ThE famous amnesty tO the
romans not A chAnGe iN tHe exiSTing sySteM at turin foReshadoWEd tHe
COMInG reforms.

The year 1848 is mEmORAbLe for PieDmont. AT ItS oPEning camE tHe rOyal
GIFt, the Long YEaRned-for COnstitUTiOn, EmbodyiNg Alike tHe FreEdoM
of thE PresS, religIous toleRatioN, Parliamentary iNStitutions, a
poLItICAl AMnesTy, tHe formation Of thE natiOnal gUaRd, aND the rEmovaL
oF NuMErous legal and adminiStRative AbuseS.

Austria's suspIcions were AROUsed, and sHe reMOnSTrated. But in
vaiN. The tIme had come; THe mask of Years Was throwN aside, and
cHArles AlbErt StoOd fOrtH THe Avowed champioN OF ItaLiAn unity And
IndepenDenCe. THreE meN tO whom ItalY is under LaStInG oBliGatioNS,
GiobertI, COunT BAlbO, and tHE MarquIs MasSimo D'AZeGLio, By their
WRiTINgs hAd InTrodUceD aN unwoNted UNitY of actiOn and modeRatIOn of
AiMs Amongst Their countrymEn. they taught ThEm tO substITUte for thE
republican theories, whicH Had been The Bane oF ItaLian patriOts, Those
aSpiRAtions For conStituTiOnaL MOnarcHY, AnD foR dEliverance FROm tHe
yokE oF AusTria, whiCh in Charles Albert fOUnd Their impersonAtiOn anD
THeIr iNStRUmeNt. eVerYWHere hailed with eNthusiasm aS tHE aPpointed
reGEneRaTor of ItAly, the fUlfilMEnt of thE destinieS of his houSe Now
sEEMed Within his gRasp; and tHe poeticaL VenerATiOn he hAd aLways
bOrNe tO the mEmory oF His AncesTor the grEen CouNt, whoSe Device,
“J'aTtends mon
, to form part of a
kingdo m which ha d lon g e xci te d he r je alousy and app r ehen sion.

Between this pe riodan d  184 8  t he hi story o f  P i e dmo nt  o ffe rs li ttleofinteres t. The qui etde velopment of it s internal  re sources, the 
ac cumula ti ngw ealth  of  itsexcheq u er, th e minuteca r e best o wed oni t sarmy , being less cons p ic u ous to a gener al obs er v er , tha n t he severit yof it s  police ,  t h e rig o ur with which  all politi c alfreedo mofs peechor
wr it i ngwas proscri bed,  and theespeci a l prote c tion wh ich th e J esu itse nj oy ed.  A s  be f or e r e mar ked, the  S ar dinia n Go v e r n ment  wa s lo okedupon as one o f t he m o stdespo tic o f Eu ro pe, a nd its  king  a s the most
prie st-r idden ofpri nc es. 
Event he exa mpl e o f PiusIX. did not  a t f ir st produce any per ce p t ib le
resul ts; an d  f or more tha na y eara f ter t he f a mo us amnes ty tot he 
R omans n ot  a cha ng e i n t he ex i stin g syst em at Tu rin f o reshadowed the coming reform s .T he year  18 48 is memor able forPied m on t.A t its  open in g  c a me the royal
gift,th e long  year ned-for Const itution, e m b o dying al iket he freedom
of the  pres s, religio u s tolera tion,  parliam entary in s t itutions , a 
po lit ica l am nesty, the fo r m atio nof theNat ional G uar d,and  th eremoval
o f numero us  l eg al  an d adm i nistrati ve  ab us es. 

Aus t ria'ssuspi cion swe r e a roused, an d shere mo nstr ate d.  Butin
v a in.  The ti me had co me; thema sk  of yea rs was thrown  a side, andCh arl es Alb e r t stoodforth the avowed champi o n of It ali an un ityand
indep end ence.Thr e e mento who m Ita ly  is u nderl a st ing  o bligations , Gio berti ,Coun t Balbo , and the MarquisM ass imo d'Azeglio , b y th e i rwri t in g s h ad int r o duced an unwont ed unity o fa ct ion and mo d era ti on of
a ims amo ngstt heir co untrymen.  They tau gh t th e m  to  substitut e for th e
republi c an th e or ies,whi ch had  b een  thebane o f  It alian  patri ot s, tho se
as pi rationsfor constitutional mona rchy,and f ordeliveran cef rom  the
yoke  ofAustria, w hic h i n Cha rle s  Albe rt f o un d t h eir i mper s onation a n dthe i r  i nstrument.E v e ryw herehai l ed wit h en thusiasm as the a p pointed
regene rato r ofIta l y, t he  fulfilment of  th ed e stiniesof  his housenow
seem ed withi n hisgrasp;  and th e po e ticalvene rat ion he ha d a lw a ys
born eto the me mory  o f hisancest o r th e Green Count, who se de v i ce,
“ J 'at tends  m on
, to_form part_of a
kingdom which had_long excited_her_jealousy and_apprehension.

Between_this period and_1848 the history_of Piedmont offers little
of_interest. The quiet_development_of its internal resources, the
accumulating wealth of its exchequer, the minute care bestowed on_its
army,_being less_conspicuous_to_a general observer, than the_severity
of its police, the rigour_with which_all political freedom of speech or
writing was proscribed,_and_the especial protection_which the Jesuits
enjoyed. As before remarked, the Sardinian Government_was looked
upon as one of the_most despotic of_Europe,_and_its king as the_most
priest-ridden of princes.

Even the example of_Pius IX. did not at first_produce any perceptible
results; and for more than_a year after the famous amnesty_to the
Romans not a change_in the_existing system at Turin foreshadowed_the
coming reforms.

The year_1848 is_memorable for Piedmont._At its opening came the royal
gift,_the long yearned-for_Constitution, embodying alike the freedom
of the_press,_religious toleration, parliamentary_institutions,_a
political_amnesty, the_formation of the_National_Guard, and_the_removal
of numerous legal and administrative abuses.

Austria's_suspicions_were aroused, and she remonstrated. But in
vain._The time had come;_the_mask of years was_thrown aside, and
Charles Albert stood_forth the avowed champion of Italian_unity and
independence._Three men_to whom Italy is under lasting obligations,
Gioberti, Count Balbo, and the_Marquis Massimo d'Azeglio, by their
writings had_introduced an unwonted unity_of action_and_moderation of
aims amongst_their_countrymen. They_taught them to substitute for the
republican theories,_which had_been the bane of Italian patriots,_those
aspirations for constitutional monarchy,_and_for deliverance from the
yoke of Austria,_which in Charles Albert found their_impersonation and
their instrument. Everywhere hailed_with_enthusiasm_as the appointed
regenerator of Italy,_the fulfilment of the destinies of_his house now
seemed_within his grasp; and the poetical veneration_he_had always
borne to the memory of_his_ancestor the Green Count, whose device,
“J'attends_mon