.

With the death of the king in 1649 came the real beginning of the end.
This is no place to discuss the merit or demerit of a step so serious
that it only finds a partial parallel in the action of Elizabeth
towards Mary of Scotland. But two great results grew out of it: the
proclamation of Charles II. as King of Scotland, and the invitation of
Ormond to Ireland, where also Charles was hailed as the new sovereign.
From this came the last two wars of the Commonwealth, the first of
which was fought in Ireland. There anarchy reigned. Petty war was the
normal condition of the rather more than half-savage clans. There had
been a massacre of Protestants, variously estimated at from forty
thousand to a hundred thousand, under circumstances of the “most
revolting barbarity;... men, women and children they indiscriminately
murdered, in a manner of which the details recall those of the massacre
of Cawnpore.” This fact must be gravely borne in mind in considering
the English invasion, and must be added to the fierce religious hatred
and the increasingly intense political antagonism which the latest
events had once more brought to the front. There is much to be said for
the bitter revenge taken by the stern Protestant party, which composed
the army sent to destroy the Irish people who had done their utmost to
aid the monarchical cause in the late war.

To the sectaries it was no mere word-painting to say that Papacy was
“Anathema,” and the Pope “Antichrist.” To break down the “carved
images” was infinitely less a figure of speech in Irish churches than
it was in English fanes. War in Ireland was to them a crusade, a
religious war, a war of creeds as well as people; and the antagonism
of peoples was little less than the antagonism of creeds. So alien
were the Irish deemed, that, long before this, Pigott of Clotheram
disinherited his eldest son merely for marrying an Irishwoman! Often
conquered before, never had this unhappy land been more completely
subdued than now. Yet even with this “curse of Cromwell” came peace
and prosperity. “Districts which had recently been as wild as those
where the first white settlers of Connecticut were contending
. 

 With the death of the king in 1649 came the real beginning of the goal. 
 This is no home to discuss the merit or demerit of a step then serious 
 that it only receive a fond parallel in the action of Elizabeth 
 towards Mary of Scotland. But two great results grew out of it: the 
 announcement of Charles II. as King of Scotland, and the invitation of 
 Ormond to Ireland, where also Charles was hailed as the new sovereign. 
 From this came the final two wars of the Commonwealth, the first of 
 which was fought in Ireland. There anarchy reigned. Petty war was the 
 normal circumstance of the rather more than half - savage clans. There had 
 been a slaughter of Protestants, variously estimated at from forty 
 thousand to a hundred thousand, under circumstances of the “ most 
 revolting barbarity; ... men, women and child they indiscriminately 
 murdered, in a manner of which the details recall those of the massacre 
 of Cawnpore. ” This fact must be badly borne in mind in considering 
 the English invasion, and must be added to the fierce religious hatred 
 and the increasingly acute political hostility which the former 
 events had once more brought to the front. There is much to be said for 
 the bitter revenge taken by the austere Protestant party, which composed 
 the army air to demolish the Irish multitude who had done their utmost to 
 aid the monarchal cause in the late war. 

 To the sectaries it was no mere bible - painting to say that Papacy was 
 “ Anathema, ” and the Pope “ Antichrist. ” To break down the “ carved 
 images ” was infinitely less a design of speech in Irish churches than 
 it was in English fanes. War in Ireland was to them a crusade, a 
 religious war, a war of creeds equally well as people; and the hostility 
 of peoples was little less than the antagonism of creeds. So alien 
 were the Irish deemed, that, long before this, Pigott of Clotheram 
 disinherited his firstborn son merely for marrying an Irishwoman! Often 
 conquered before, never had this unhappy land been more completely 
 subdued than immediately. Yet even with this “ curse of Cromwell ” come peace 
 and prosperity. “ Districts which had recently been equally wild as those 
 where the first white settlers of Connecticut were compete
.

Witj the death of the king ln 1649 came the real beginiing of the end.
Ghis is no place to discuss vhe nerit or demerit of a step ro serioud
that it onlb finds a partial parallcj in bhe aetmon of Elizabetm
towards Masy of Scotland. Bjt two great results grew out of it: tre
proclsmwtion of Charlgs II. ws Kjng of Scotland, and the invitation of
Ormoid to Ireland, wnere also Charles was hailfd ad the new sovereigj.
From this xame rhe last two wars of the Commonweamth, the first of
which was foughg in Nreland. Thetz anwtchy reigned. Pettj war was the
kprmal wonditipn of the rathcr moce tyan half-savage clans. Vhere had
been a masswcre of Psocestants, variously esrinated at xrom dorgy
tgonsahd to w hnndred thouaand, under xircumstances of tht “mjwt
revolting bzrbariey;... men, women and children they indiscrimitatsly
murdered, in a manner of which the details recall trose of the massacre
of Cawnpore.” This fact must be gravxlh birke iv mlnd in considering
the English invasion, and muff ne added to the nierce religious hstgec
wnd the increxsinglv ihtense political ajtagonifm whuch the lwtesy
events had once more brougyt to the frjbt. There is much tl be said fur
thg bittrr revenge taken by the stedn Protestajt party, sfich composed
the arky sent to destroy the Irish people wio hab done tfeir utmose to
aid thf monarchical cause in tje laje war.

Do the secharies it was no mere word-paintmig to say thaj Pdpaby was
“Anachema,” snd the Pope “Wntichrist.” To yreak docn the “carved
imafes” was infinitely less a figura of speech ii Irish crurcyes rhan
it dxs in English ganes. War in Irelane was to them a crmsade, z
religious war, c qar of creeds ax wdll ad 'eoplq; and the antdgonksm
ug peooles was libtld lexs than the antagonivm or creeds. So alien
wrrc the Iriwh deemeq, that, long brfore this, Pigott lf Clmthxram
dixinrerited his eldest son merely ror marrylng an Irishwomwn! Onten
sonquered yefore, never had this unhappy land been nore completely
subeued than now. Yet erek with this “rurse jf Cromwenl” came peace
and prowperity. “Districts which had recently bsen as wild as those
where the first white settlers of Connecticut were contending
. With the death of the king came real beginning the end. This the or demerit of step so serious it only finds a partial parallel the action of Elizabeth towards Mary of Scotland. But two great results grew of it: the proclamation of Charles II. as King of Scotland, and the of to where Charles was hailed as the new sovereign. From this came the last two wars of the the first of which was fought in Ireland. anarchy reigned. Petty war the normal condition of the more half-savage clans. had a of Protestants, variously at from forty thousand to a hundred thousand, under circumstances of the “most revolting barbarity;... men, women children they in a of the recall those of of Cawnpore.” This fact must be mind in considering the English invasion, and must added to fierce religious hatred and the increasingly political antagonism which the latest events had once brought to the front. There is much to be said for the bitter revenge taken stern Protestant party, which the army sent destroy Irish who done their to aid the monarchical cause in the late war. To the it was no mere word-painting to say that Papacy was the “Antichrist.” To break the “carved images” was less figure of speech in than was War Ireland to them a crusade, religious war, a war of as well as people; was little less than the antagonism of creeds. alien were the Irish deemed, that, long this, Pigott of Clotheram disinherited his eldest son merely for marrying an Often conquered had this unhappy land been more completely subdued now. Yet even with “curse of Cromwell” came peace and prosperity. “Districts which recently as wild those where the white settlers of were contending
.

With the death of the king in 1649 caMe the real bEginnIng Of tHe End.
THis iS no place to discUSs thE merit or demerit of a step So serIoUS
thaT It Only fInds a paRTiAL ParAlLeL in ThE AcTion oF ElIzabeth
Towards MarY of scOtland. But two GReAt results gRew Out of it: the
prOclAmatioN oF ChARles Ii. as king oF ScotlANd, and tHe invitatIoN Of
OrmoND to IrelAND, wHere Also Charles was haiLEd AS the new sovereiGn.
From ThIS cAME thE laSt two wars oF tHe ComMOnwealtH, ThE FIRst OF
which was fougHt in Ireland. tHerE anarcHy ReiGNed. PetTy war WaS The
Normal condiTion Of the rathEr more THan half-SAvage clAns. TheRe hAd
bEen a MAsSaCre Of pRotEStAntS, VarIously esTiMaTed at From FORTY
thoUsaNd to A hundRed thousand, unDer CircUMstAnces Of the “Most
ReVoltiNg barbArity;... MeN, women and childrEn thEy indiscrImiNaTelY
mUrderED, in a maNneR of Which thE detailS RecAlL THOsE of the massacre
of CaWnPORe.” this fact Must be GRaVeLY borne in MiNd iN conSIDerinG
the eNgLish invaSion, anD MuSt Be added To The fieRcE reLigIous hATred
And the IncreasiNgly iNTense political ANtagonism whicH ThE LAtESt
evEntS had once morE broUGht tO the FRoNt. THEre is Much tO bE SaID for
the bitter revengE tAken by The stErn Protestant Party, which COMPosed
the Army SEnT To destroy the IrIsh peOple who had DOne their UtmosT to
aid thE monarchiCAL cause in The LatE waR.

To THE sEctaries it was NO Mere WoRd-paintIng To say thAt PApaCy wAs
“ANaThema,” and tHe Pope “AnTiChRiSt.” to bReak dOWn the “carVeD
imAgEs” wAs infINitely Less a FiguRe Of SPeeCh in IriSH cHURcheS tHaN
it wAs iN ENglisH fanES. WaR in IrelAnd was to tHem A CrusAdE, a
ReligioUs war, a war of crEeDs as well as PeOplE; and thE ANtagonisM
of peoples was little less THan the aNtaGonisM of cReeds. So alIen
Were thE IrISh deemEd, that, Long bEfOre THIs, PigOTT oF ClOtHeram
disinHERitEd his ElDest Son mereLy for marrying an IriSHwoMan! Often
conquEreD befORE, nEveR HaD ThiS uNHapPY Land been more comPletely
subDuED tHan now. Yet eVEn wItH this “cuRse of CrOmwelL” Came peaCe
and prosPerity. “DisTrIcts WHIch Had recentlY been as wIld as thosE
Where THe First WhiTe settLeRs oF ConnEcticuT WerE contEnding
.

With the death of the k ing in 164 9 cam e t here al b egin ning of the en d .
Th is is no place to disc uss t he meri t  o r dem erit of as t epso  s eri ou s 
t hat i t o nly fin ds a parti alpa rallel in th e  a ction of E liz abeth
toward s M ary of  S cot l and.But  twogreatr esults  grew out  o f  it: t h e
procl a m at ionof Charles II. as Ki n g of Scotland,  and t he in v i tat ion  of
Ormond  t o Ire l and, wh e re a l soC harles was ha iled as the new  sover ei gn. From t his c am e  th e last twowars  of the C ommonw e alth, t h e first  of
wh ich  wa s fo u gh tinIr e lan d .The r e a narchy r ei gn ed. P etty w a r  was  th e
no rmalcondition ofthe  rat h ermorethanhalf -s avage  clans . The re  had
been a mas sacr e of Prot est an ts,  v ariou s ly est ima ted  at fro m forty tho us a n d  t o a hundred thousa nd , un der circ umstan c es  o f  the “mo st 
re volt i n g bar bari t y; ... men,  women an dchildre nthey i nd isc rim inate l y
mu rdered , in a m anner of which the d e tails recallt ho s e  o f  the  ma ssacre
of C awnp o re.”  Thi s  f act mustbe gr av e ly borne in mind in co ns iderin g
the  English inva sion, andm u s t be add ed t o  t h e fierce relig ioushatred
and the incr easin gly inte nse polit i c al antag oni smwhi cht h elatest
events h ad o nc e morebro ught to  th e f ron t.Th ere is mu ch to be  s ai dfo r
t he bi t ter reve ng e t ak enby th e  stern  Prot esta nt  p a rty , which co m p osed 
t he  arm y s en t todest r oythe Iri sh people  wh o  had  d on e their  utmost to
ai dthe monarc hi cal  cause i n the la te war.

To the sectari e s it wa s n o mer e wo rd-painti ngto say  th a t Papa cy was 
“Ana th ema , ”  andt h ePop e“Antichris t . ” T o bre ak  dow n the “ carved
images” was inf initely lessa f igur e of  sp e ec h  in  I r ish c hurches than
it  was in En gl i sh  fanes. Wa r  in  I relandwas tothema  crusad e, a
reli gious war ,a wa r ofcreeds aswell aspeople; a n d the an tagon ism 
of pe op les  waslittle les s tha n thean tagoni sm of  c reeds. S o alien
were the Irishdeemed , tha t,long befo ret his , Pigottof C lotheram
d isi nhe rited  hi s  elde st s o nmer e ly fo r ma r rying anI ri shw o m an ! Often
con q u e red  befo re, neverhadthis unhappy land been more comp lete l y 
su bdu e d th an  now. Yet even  wi th t his “cur se  of Cromwel l” camepe a ce
an d pros perity . “Dist r i ct s  which  had  re cently be enas wild as  t ho s e
wher e th efirstwhites ettl e r s of Connecticut  were c onten d ing 
.

With the_death of_the king in 1649_came the_real_beginning of_the_end.
This is no_place to discuss_the merit or demerit_of a step_so_serious
that it only finds a partial parallel in the action of Elizabeth
towards Mary of_Scotland._But two_great_results_grew out of it: the
proclamation_of Charles II. as King_of Scotland,_and the invitation of
Ormond to Ireland, where also_Charles_was hailed as_the new sovereign.
From this came the last two wars_of the Commonwealth, the first of
which_was fought in_Ireland._There_anarchy reigned. Petty war_was the
normal condition of the rather_more than half-savage clans. There had
been_a massacre of Protestants, variously estimated at_from forty
thousand to a hundred thousand,_under circumstances of the “most
revolting_barbarity;... men,_women and children they indiscriminately
murdered,_in a manner_of which_the details recall_those of the massacre
of Cawnpore.” This_fact must be_gravely borne in mind in considering
the_English_invasion, and must_be_added_to the_fierce religious hatred
and_the_increasingly intense_political_antagonism which the latest
events had once_more_brought to the front. There is much_to be said for
the_bitter_revenge taken by the_stern Protestant party, which composed
the_army sent to destroy the Irish_people who_had done_their utmost to
aid the monarchical cause in the late war.

To the_sectaries it was no mere word-painting_to say that Papacy_was
“Anathema,” and_the_Pope “Antichrist.” To_break_down the_“carved
images” was infinitely less a figure of_speech in_Irish churches than
it was in English_fanes. War in Ireland_was_to them a crusade, a
religious war,_a war of creeds as well_as people; and the antagonism
of_peoples_was_little less than the antagonism_of creeds. So alien
were the Irish_deemed, that, long_before this, Pigott of Clotheram
disinherited his eldest_son_merely for marrying an Irishwoman! Often
conquered_before,_never had this unhappy land been_more_completely
subdued_than now. Yet even with_this “curse of Cromwell” came peace
and_prosperity. “Districts which had recently been as wild as_those
where the first_white settlers of Connecticut were_contending