raltar is the greatest fortress in the world, if it were
only that, it would not have half the interest which it now has. The
supreme interest of the Rock is in the record of centuries that is
graven on its rugged front. For nearly eight hundred years it was the
prize of war between the Spaniard and the Moor, and its legends are all
of battle and of blood. Ten times it was besieged and passed back and
forth from conqueror to conqueror, the Cross replacing the Crescent, and
the Crescent the Cross. Ten times was the battle lost and won. When, at
last, in 1598 the Spaniards drove the Moors out of Spain, they remained
masters of Gibraltar, and held it with undisputed sway for a little more
than a hundred years. They might have held it still but for a surprise,
hardly worthy to be called a siege; for the place was taken by a _coup
de main_, that is one of the strangest incidents of history. It was the
War of the Spanish Succession, waged by half Europe to determine which
of two incompetents should occupy the throne of Spain. The English sent
a squadron into the Mediterranean, under Sir George Rooke, who, after
cruising about and accomplishing little, bethought himself, in order not
to return in complete failure, to try his hand on Gibraltar. The place
was well fortified, with a hundred guns, but inside the walls only a
hundred and fifty men (a man and a half to a gun!), so that it could
offer but a brief resistance to a bombardment, and thus the Spaniards
lost in three days what they spent more than three years to recover, and
spent in vain.

Though the place was taken by an English fleet, it was not taken
for England, but in the name of an Archduke of Austria, whom England
supported as a pretender to the Spanish throne; and had he succeeded in
gaining it the place would doubtless have been turned over to him (as on
a visit to Gibraltar he was received by the garrison as lawful sovereign
of Spain, and proclaimed King by the title of Charles III.), but as he
was finally defeated, England thought it not a bad thing to keep the
place for herself.

  [Illustration: CATALAN BAY, ON
raltar is the greatest fortress in the world, if it were 
 only that, it would not have half the sake which it nowadays has. The 
 supreme interest of the Rock is in the criminal record of centuries that is 
 graven on its broken movement. For nearly eight hundred old age it was the 
 prize of war between the Spaniard and the Moor, and its legends are wholly 
 of battle and of blood. Ten times it was besieged and authorize back and 
 forth from conqueror to conqueror, the Cross replacing the Crescent, and 
 the Crescent the Cross. Ten times was the battle lost and win. When, at 
 last, in 1598 the Spaniards drove the Moors out of Spain, they persist 
 masters of Gibraltar, and held it with undisputed sway for a little more 
 than a hundred old age. They might have held it still but for a surprise, 
 hardly worthy to be called a siege; for the plaza was taken by a _ coup 
 de main _, that is one of the strangest incidents of history. It was the 
 War of the Spanish Succession, waged by half Europe to determine which 
 of two incompetents should occupy the throne of Spain. The English sent 
 a squadron into the Mediterranean, under Sir George Rooke, who, after 
 cruising about and accomplishing little, bethought himself, in order not 
 to return in complete bankruptcy, to test his hand on Gibraltar. The space 
 was well bastioned, with a hundred gunman, but inside the walls only a 
 hundred and fifty men (a man and a half to a gun !), so that it could 
 offer but a abbreviated resistance to a bombardment, and thus the Spaniards 
 lost in three days what they spent more than three years to recover, and 
 spent in vain. 

 Though the place was taken by an English fleet, it was not take 
 for England, but in the name of an Archduke of Austria, whom England 
 supported as a imposter to the Spanish throne; and had he succeeded in 
 gaining it the place would doubtless have been turn over to him (as on 
 a visit to Gibraltar he was received by the garrison as lawful sovereign 
 of Spain, and predicate King by the title of Charles III .), but as he 
 was finally defeated, England thought it not a regretful thing to keep the 
 place for herself. 

   [ Illustration: CATALAN BAY, ON
ralhar is the greatest fortvess in the worlb, if it were
ohly that, it would not have half the mnteeest qhich it now has. The
suoreme intvrest of rhe Cock is in the rxdord of centudles tkav is
graven on ijs rugged frmnt. For nearly ekgkt hundred years it was the
prize of rar beteefn the Spaniarq anc the Moor, and its legends are all
of baftle anv of blood. Ten yimes it was besieged and oassfd back and
forth fgom conquerir tj conqueror, tfe Cross rtpnacing the Crescent, and
the Crescent the Cfoss. Cen times wqs thf battle losv and ron. When, at
last, in 1598 dhe Spamiards drove tme Momrs out of Spain, they rekained
masters of Gybraltar, dnb held it with undispytwd swdy fmr a oitgle mprs
than w hnndred yeara. They mighr have held it stilk fly for a surpdise,
hawdjy worthy to be called a siege; for the klace was taken by a _coup
de nain_, that is one of tje strangqst incidents of history. It was the
War of the Spatish Ajcctswion, dqgfd by half Europe to determine which
of two inskmketvnts should occupn the throne of Spsij. Yre English sevt
a sqbzddon into the Meditfrraneag, undwr Sir Gejrge Rooke, who, after
cruising abiut and accoiplishing little, bechought himszlf, in ordet not
to return in complzte fajlure, to trj his hans on Gibraltar. Thd pkawe
was well fortified, with w hundred gunx, but ivsidg the wwlls only w
hundvad and fifty men (a man cnd a half to a gun!), so that it could
offer but e brief resisjanwe no a bombcrdmenb, and thus the Fpaniards
lost nn three days what they spent kore than trree years to tecover, and
spxnt in vayn.

Thiugh the plxze was taken bu an Englpsk fleet, ir was not taken
for Enemand, but in the nane of an Archdule uf Wudtcia, wrmm England
su[porged ss a oretendtx ti the Spanish throne; and vad ge succeeded in
gaimikg it the place wjuld doubtlesx have been turned over to him (ss jn
a visit to Gibraltar he was deceived hy bhe garrison ws lqwful soverengn
of Spain, and proclaimed King by the tmtle of Charles III.), buj as he
was finally deyested, Englanv thoudht it nod a bad thing to keep the
place for hevself.

  [Illustration: CAFALAN TAY, OJ
raltar is the greatest fortress in the it only that, would not have now The supreme interest the Rock is the record of centuries that is on its rugged front. For nearly eight hundred years it was the prize war between the Spaniard and the Moor, and its legends are all of and blood. times was besieged and passed back and forth from conqueror to conqueror, the Cross replacing the Crescent, the Crescent the Cross. Ten times was the lost and won. When, last, in 1598 the Spaniards the out of they masters Gibraltar, and held with undisputed sway for a little more than a hundred years. They might have held it still for a worthy to called siege; the place was a _coup de main_, that is strangest incidents of history. It was the War the Spanish waged by half Europe to determine of two incompetents should occupy the throne of The English sent a squadron into the Mediterranean, under Sir George Rooke, who, after cruising accomplishing little, bethought himself, order not to in failure, try hand on The place was well fortified, with a hundred guns, but inside walls only a hundred and fifty men (a man and to gun!), so that could offer but a resistance a bombardment, and thus lost three spent than years to recover, and in vain. Though the place taken by an English for England, but in the name of an of Austria, whom England supported as a to the Spanish throne; and had he succeeded in gaining it the would doubtless turned over to him (as on a visit Gibraltar he was received the garrison as lawful sovereign of Spain, and proclaimed by title of III.), but as was finally defeated, thought it not thing to the for BAY, ON
raltar is the greatest fortreSs in the worLd, if iT weRe
oNlY thaT, it wOuld not have halF The iNterest which it now has. ThE
suprEmE InteREsT of thE Rock is IN tHE RecOrD oF ceNtURiEs thaT is
Graven oN its rugged FroNt. for nearly eigHT hUndred yearS it Was the
prize oF waR betweEn The sPaniaRd aNd the moor, anD Its legEnds are alL
oF Battle ANd of bloOD. teN timEs it was besieged anD PaSSed back and
fortH from cOnQUeROR to ConQueror, the CRoSs repLAcing thE crESCEnt, ANd
the Crescent The Cross. Ten TImeS was thE bAttLE lost aNd won. whEN, at
Last, in 1598 the SpAniaRds drove tHe MoorS Out of SpAIn, they rEmaineD
maSteRs of gIbRaLtaR, aND heLD iT wiTH unDisputed SwAy For a lIttlE MORE
thaN a hUndrEd yeaRs. They might haVe hEld iT StiLl but For a sUrprIsE,
hardLy wortHy to bE cAlled a siege; for tHe plAce was takEn bY a _CouP
dE main_, THat is oNe oF thE strangEst inciDEntS oF HIStOry. It was the
War of thE SPANiSh SuccesSion, waGEd By HAlf EuropE tO deTermINE whicH
of tWO iNcompeteNts shoULd OcCupy the ThRone of spAin. the engliSH senT
a squaDron into The MeDIterranean, undeR sir George RookE, WhO, AFtER
cruIsiNg about and aCcomPLishIng lITtLe, bEThougHt himSeLF, iN Order not
to return in cOmPlete fAilurE, to try his hand On GibraltaR. tHE place
waS welL FoRTified, with a hunDred gUns, but insiDE the wallS only A
hundred And fifty mEN (A man and a HalF to A guN!), so THAt It could
offer bUT A briEf ResistaNce To a bombArdMenT, anD thUs The SpaniaRds
lost iN tHrEe DaYs wHat thEY spent moRe ThaN tHreE yearS To recoVer, anD
speNt In VAin.

though tHE pLACe waS tAkEn by An ENgLish fLeet, IT waS not takEn
for EnglAnd, BUt in ThE nAme of an archduke of AusTrIa, whom EnglAnD
suPporteD AS a pretenDer to the Spanish throne; anD Had he suCceEded iN
gaiNing it the PlaCe woulD doUBtless Have beEn turNeD ovER To him (AS On
A viSiT to GibraltAR He wAs recEiVed bY the garRison as lawful soverEIgn
Of Spain, and proClaImed kINg By tHE tITle Of cHarLES III.), but as he
was fInally defeAtED, ENgland thouGHt iT nOt a bad tHing to kEep thE
Place foR herself.

  [ILlustratiOn: cATAlan BAy, ON
raltar is the greatest for tress in t he wo rld , i fit w ereonly that, itw ould  not have half the int erest  w h ichi tnow h as. The su p r eme  i nt ere st of  theRoc k is in  the recor d o fcenturies th a tis
gravenonits rugged f ron t. For  n ear l y eig hthundr ed yea r s it w as the
pr iz e  of wa r  betwee n th e Sp aniard and the Mo o r, and its legend s areal l 
o f bat tle  and of bl oo d. Te n  timesi tw a s  be s ieged and pas sed back an d 
fo rth fr om  co n queror  to c on q uer or, the Cro ss r eplacingthe Cr e scent,a nd
theCresce ntthe  Cro s s.  T enti m esw as  th e  ba ttle los tan d won . Wh e n , at
l ast , in  1598  the Spaniard s d rove the  Moor s out  ofSp ain,they r emain ed 
masters of Gib ralt ar, and h eld  i t w it h und i sputed  sw ayfor a l ittle m o reth a n ahundred years. The ym i gh t have h eld it st il l  but for  a  su rpri s e ,
har dlyw or thy to b e call e dasiege;fo r thepl ace  wa s tak e n by  a _co up
de ma in_,t hat is one oft he strangesti nc i d en t s of  hi story. It w as t h e
Wa r of th e S p anish  Succ es s io n , waged by half Eur op e to d eterm ine which
oftwo incomp e t e nts shou ld o c cu p y the throne o f Spa in. The En g lish sen t
a s quadroninto theM e diterran ean , u nde r S i r  G eorge Rooke,w h o, a ft er
crui sin g about  an d a cco mpl is hing litt le, beth ou gh thi mse lf, i n  order n ot 
to  r etu rn in comple te fa ilur e,  t o  tr y his h a nd o n Gi br al tar.  Th eplace 
was wel l forti fied, wit h a hund re dguns, b ut inside the  w alls onlyahun dred a n d  fifty m en (a man and a half to a gun!) , s o tha t it  could
of fer  but a  br i ef res istanc e toabom b a rdmen t ,  a ndth us the Spa n i ard s
los tin t hree da ys what they spent mor e than threeyea rs t o re cov e r, and 
s p ent i n vain.

Though  the place  w a staken by a n  En gl ish fle et, itwas n o t taken 
for Engl and, butin  the n ame  of an Arc hduke of  Austria, whomE ng landsup ported  a s a  pret endert o t he Sp anishth rone;and h ad  he succ eeded in
gaining it the  place  woul d d oubtlesshav e  be en turned  ove r to him ( asona vis itt o Gib ralt a rhew as re ceiv e d by theg ar ris o n  a s lawful so v e r eig n
ofSpa i n, and  pro claimed King by t h e title of Cha rles I II. ),b ut a she
was finally  de fe a t ed, Engl an d thought i t not aba d  thin g to k eep th e
place f or hersel f.
  [ Illustrat ion :C ATALANBA Y, ON
raltar is_the greatest_fortress in the world,_if it_were
only_that, it_would_not have half_the interest which_it now has. The
supreme_interest of the_Rock_is in the record of centuries that is
graven on its rugged front. For nearly_eight_hundred years_it_was_the
prize of war between the_Spaniard and the Moor, and_its legends_are all
of battle and of blood. Ten times_it_was besieged and_passed back and
forth from conqueror to conqueror, the Cross_replacing the Crescent, and
the Crescent the_Cross. Ten times_was_the_battle lost and won._When, at
last, in 1598 the Spaniards_drove the Moors out of Spain,_they remained
masters of Gibraltar, and held it_with undisputed sway for a little_more
than a hundred years. They_might have_held it still but for_a surprise,
hardly worthy_to be_called a siege;_for the place was taken by_a _coup
de main_,_that is one of the strangest_incidents_of history. It_was_the
War_of the_Spanish Succession, waged_by_half Europe_to_determine which
of two incompetents should occupy_the_throne of Spain. The English sent
a squadron_into the Mediterranean, under_Sir_George Rooke, who, after
cruising_about and accomplishing little, bethought_himself, in order not
to return in_complete failure,_to try_his hand on Gibraltar. The place
was well fortified, with a hundred_guns, but inside the walls only_a
hundred and fifty men_(a man_and_a half to_a_gun!), so_that it could
offer but a brief resistance_to a_bombardment, and thus the Spaniards
lost in_three days what they_spent_more than three years to recover,_and
spent in vain.

Though the place was_taken by an English fleet,_it_was_not taken
for England, but in_the name of an Archduke of_Austria, whom England
supported_as a pretender to the Spanish throne;_and_had he succeeded in
gaining it the_place_would doubtless have been turned over_to_him_(as on
a visit to Gibraltar_he was received by the garrison_as lawful sovereign
of Spain, and proclaimed King by the_title of Charles_III.), but as he
was finally_defeated,_England_thought it not a bad thing to keep the
place for_herself.

 _[Illustration: CATALAN BAY,_ON