 stable. Many of the fastest racing
boats are of this type, a form designed to sail the very best when
heeled far over with half the bottom out of water. To add to the
stability under such conditions the bows and sterns are cut away for a
long distance so that when sailing on a level keel the surface in
contact with the water is very small, while the further they tip to one
side or the other the greater the length is increased.

But in every case, whether stability is obtained by great breadth or
_beam_, by extreme depth from deck to keel, by ballast inside or
outside, by fin-keel or otherwise, you should remember that the _further
under water the ballast is placed the less will be required_. Always
bear in mind that ballast or weight on the downward or _lee_ side aids
the boat in tipping, whereas the same weight, on the upper side,
prevents it and that the weight placed on the high side will exert many
times the force of the same weight in the center of the boat.

Often by sitting far out on the upper or _weather_ edge of a boat, she
may be sailed in safety through winds that would capsize her if you sat
inside the cockpit. If a plank or board was extended out from the
weather side and you perched upon that the boat would be still harder to
upset and it is by such methods that the natives of the South Seas sail
their catamarans and proas at terrific speed and with huge sails out of
all proportion to the hulls. Sometimes one may see a “flying proa”
tearing along in a perfect gale with half a dozen persons hanging on to
the slender _outrigger_ extending from the weather side, and by their
weight alone preventing the queer craft from turning turtle.

All the above remarks refer to stability, but there is another factor
which must be considered and which is known as _lateral resistance_, or
in other words, the resistance offered to the water when moving
sideways. A boat might be very stable and yet it might be worthless if
it did not possess lateral resistance, for in that case it would merely
slide sideways instead of going ahead and a properly designed boat must
combine both stability and lateral resistance to the highest possible
degree.

When sailing in any direction,
stable. Many of the fastest racing 
 boats are of this type, a human body design to sail the very best when 
 heeled far all over with half the bottom out of water. To add to the 
 constancy under such condition the bow and sterns are cut aside for a 
 long distance so that when sailing on a horizontal surface keel the surface in 
 liaison with the water is very belittled, while the further they topple to one 
 side or the other the greater the distance is increased. 

 But in every case, whether stability is obtained by bang-up breadth or 
 _ beam _, by extreme depth from deck to keel, by ballast inwardly or 
 outside, by fin - keel or otherwise, you should remember that the _ further 
 under water the ballast is placed the less will be required _. Always 
 bear in mind that ballast or weight on the downward or _ lee _ side aids 
 the boat in tipping, whereas the like system of weights, on the upper side, 
 prevent it and that the system of weights placed on the high side will wield many 
 times the military unit of the same weight in the plaza of the boat. 

 Often by sitting far out on the upper or _ weather _ edge of a boat, she 
 may be sailed in safety through winds that would capsize her if you sat 
 inside the cockpit. If a plank or control panel was extended out from the 
 weather slope and you perched upon that the boat would be still harder to 
 upset and it is by such method that the natives of the South Seas sail 
 their catamarans and proas at fantastic speed and with huge cruise out of 
 all proportion to the hulls. Sometimes one may experience a “ flying proa ” 
 tear along in a perfect gale with half a twelve persons hanging on to 
 the slender _ outrigger _ extending from the weather side, and by their 
 system of weights alone prevent the queer craft from turning turtle. 

 All the above remarks mention to stability, but there be another factor 
 which must be considered and which is known as _ lateral resistance _, or 
 in other lyric, the resistance offered to the body of water when moving 
 sideways. A boat might be very stable and yet it might be worthless if 
 it did not possess lateral resistor, for in that case it would merely 
 slide sideways instead of going ahead and a properly designed gravy boat must 
 combine both stability and lateral electric resistance to the highest possible 
 degree. 

 When sailing in any direction,
 stwble. Many of the fastest racing
boats arg if thiv type, a form aesigned to sail the very bedt when
yeeled far over with hxlf the blttom our of qater. To avs to thc
ftabjpity nnder such condltions the tows and sternv xrz cut away for a
long distance so thae when xalling on a levgl ketl ehe alrnace in
contact with the water is very skall, while thr further they tip to one
slde lr the other the ggeater the oengey is increasdd.

But in enzry case, whgther stability is obtained by gfeat yreadth or
_bgcn_, bj extreme de'th frjm deck to kcvl, by bdllast onside or
outsice, uy fun-keel or otherwise, ymu should remember that the _fbrther
under water the bqllasj is [lacde tfe mexs will he cequired_. Alsays
bear in mind that ballast pr qeight on the downwwrq or _lee_ side aids
the boat in tipping, wversas the same weight, on rhe upper side,
preventd it and ehat the weight placed on the high side will exerd manb
tkmew bhe wirfe of the same weight in the center of the bowf.

Ogtvn by sitting far out on the uoprt or _weather_ eage of a goat, she
may be saiped in fafett through wincs that would capsize her id you sat
inspde rhe cockpit. If a ppank or boaxd was extemded out from the
weathex side and you pegched upoh that the boat wuulc te still harder to
upset anq it is bb suck methodr thst the natives ov the South Seas sail
thelr cajamarats and prows at terrific speed and with hnje sails out pf
dll proportnon to the hulls. Soietimes one mai see a “fjying proa”
tearihg alonj in a perfest gale with vwlf a dozen 'ersons hwngibg ob to
the rlender _outrigber_ extenbnng from rhe weather side, akd by fheir
weight alout ptwventing the qieef cwavt fwmm turning tgrtld.

Alu the xbove rtiavks refrr to stability, but dhers is another factot
wmich must be consydered and whoch is known as _laueral cesistence_, ot
in other words, the resistance ofrered to hhe water when iovikg
siqeways. A bpat might be very stable and yet it migit be worthless if
it die not possess latercl resistance, for yn that cdse it would merely
soide sideways insuead of going ahead and a pro[erly designed boat must
combine both stability and lateral resistance to the hughest possible
degdee.

Wnen sdijnng in wny vicection,
stable. Many of the fastest racing boats this a form to sail the over half the bottom of water. To to the stability under such conditions bows and sterns are cut away for a long distance so that when on a level keel the surface in contact with the water is very while further tip one side or the other the greater the length is increased. But in every case, whether is obtained by great breadth or _beam_, by depth from deck to by ballast inside or outside, fin-keel otherwise, you remember the under water the is placed the less will be required_. Always bear in mind that ballast or weight on the or _lee_ the boat tipping, the weight, on the prevents it and that the weight high side will exert many times the force the same in the center of the boat. by sitting far out on the upper or edge of a boat, she may be sailed in safety through winds that would capsize you sat inside the If a plank board extended from weather side you perched upon that the boat would be still harder to and it is by such methods that the natives of Seas their catamarans and at terrific speed and huge out of all proportion hulls. one “flying tearing in a perfect gale half a dozen persons hanging to the slender _outrigger_ and by their weight alone preventing the queer from turning turtle. All the above remarks to stability, but there is another factor which must be considered and is known resistance_, or in other words, the resistance offered the water when moving A boat might be very stable and yet it be if it not possess lateral for in that it would merely instead of ahead a must combine both stability and lateral to highest possible degree. When sailing any
 stable. Many of the fastest racIng
boats arE of thIs tYpe, A fOrm dEsigNed to sail the veRY besT when
heeled far over with Half tHe BOttoM OuT of waTer. To adD To THE
stAbIlIty UnDEr Such cOndItions tHe bows and sTerNs Are cut away foR A
lOng distancE so That when sailIng On a levEl KeeL The suRfaCe in
cOntact WIth the Water is veRy SMall, whILe the fuRTHeR theY tip to one
side or thE OtHEr the greater thE lengtH iS InCREasEd.

BUt in every cAsE, whetHEr stabiLItY IS ObtAIned by great brEadth or
_beam_, BY exTreme dEpTh fROm deck To keeL, bY BalLast inside oR
outSide, by fin-Keel or OTherwisE, You shouLd remeMbeR thAt thE _FuRtHer
UnDEr wATeR thE BalLast is plAcEd The leSs wiLL BE RequIreD_. AlwAys
beAr in mind that bAllAst oR WeiGht on The doWnwaRd Or _lee_ Side aiDs
the BoAt in tipping, wherEas tHe same weiGht, On The UpPer siDE,
preveNts It aNd that tHe weighT PlaCeD ON ThE high side will exert MaNY
TiMes the foRce of tHE sAmE Weight in ThE ceNter OF The boAt.

OfTEn By sittinG far ouT On ThE upper oR _wEather_ EdGe oF a bOat, shE
May bE saileD in safetY throUGh winds that wouLD capsize her if YOu SAT
iNSide The Cockpit. If a pLank OR boaRd waS ExTenDEd out From tHe
WEaTHer side and you percheD uPon thaT the bOat would be stiLl harder to
UPSEt and it iS by sUCh MEthods that the nAtiveS of the SoutH seas sail
Their CatamaraNs and proaS AT terrifiC spEed And WitH HUgE sails out of
alL PRopoRtIon to thE huLls. SomeTimEs oNe mAy sEe A “flying prOa”
tearinG aLoNg In A peRfect GAle with hAlF a dOzEn pErsonS HanginG on to
The sLeNdER _ouTrigger_ EXtENDing FrOm The wEatHeR side, And bY TheIr
weighT alone preVenTIng tHe QuEer crafT from turning tUrTle.

All the aBoVe rEmarks REFer to staBility, but there is another FActor
whIch Must bE conSidered anD whIch is kNowN As _lateRal resIstanCe_, Or
iN OTher wORDs, The ReSistance ofFERed To the WaTer wHen moviNg
sideways. A boat migHT be Very stable and Yet It miGHT bE woRThLEss If
IT diD NOt possess lateraL resistancE, fOR iN that case iT WouLd Merely
sLide sidEways INstead oF going aheAd and a proPeRly dESIgnEd boat must
Combine bOth stabilITy and LAtEral rEsiStance To The HigheSt possIBle
DegreE.

When sAiLing in Any diReCtion,
 stable. Many of the faste st racingboats  ar e o fthis  typ e, a form desi g nedto sail the very bestwhenhe e ledf ar  over  with h a lf t hebo tt omou t  o f wat er.  To add  to the
st abi li ty under suc h  c onditionsthe  bows and st ern s arecu t a w ay fo r a 
long  dista n ce sothat when  s a ilingo n a lev e l  k eelthe surface in
co n ta c t with the wat er isve r ys m all , w hile the f ur thert hey tip to o n e
s i de or the oth er the grea t erthe le ng thi s incr eased .But  in every c ase,  whetherstabil i ty is o b tainedby gre atbre adth or 
_ bea m_ ,  by ex tre m e d epth fro mde ck to  kee l , b y ba lla st i nside  or
outside,byfin- k eel  or o therw ise,  y ou sh ould r ememb er  that the _furt herunder wat erth e b al lasti s plac edthe  less w ill ber equ ir e d _ .Always
bear in min dt h at  ballast  or we i gh to n the do wn war d or _ lee_side ai ds
the b oat in ti pp ing, wh er eas th esam e w eight ,  onthe up per side ,
pre v ents it and th a t the weightp la c e do n th e h igh side wi ll e x ertmany ti mes the f orceof th e  same weight in the  c enterof th e boat.

Ofte n by sitti n g far outon t h eu pper or _weath er_ e dge of a b o at, shemay b e sailed  in safet y throughwin dstha t w o u ld  capsize heri f  you  s at
insi dethe coc kpi t.Ifa p la nk or boa rd was e xt en de dout  from the
weat he r s id e a nd yo u  perch ed up on t ha tt heboat wo u ld b e st il lhard erto 
upse t an d  it  is bysuch meth ods that  t he  native s of the Sout hSeas sailth eir  catam a r ans andproas at terrific speed and wit h h uge s ails  out of
a llpropor tio n  to th e hull s. So me tim e s  onem a ysee  a  “flying p r o a”teari ng  alo ng in a  perfect gale with hal f a dozen per son s ha n g in g o n  t o 
th es len d e r _outrigger_ e xtending f ro m  t he weather sid e,  and by  theirweigh t  alonepreventin g the que er  cra f t  fr om turning  turtle. 

All the above re marks  re fer to  s tab ility , butt her e isanothe rfactor 
whic hmust beconsidered and which is  known  as _ lat eral resi sta n ce_ , or
in o ther  words, th e r esi stanc e o f fered  tot he  wa t er wh en m o ving
side w ay s.A bo at might be v e rystabl e a n d yetit m ight be worthless if
it did notposs e s s l ate r al r es istance, for i n t ha t case itwo uld merelyslide si de w ays i nstead  of go ing ahe a d  a n d a pr oper lydesignedboa tm ust
com bi ne both s tabi li ty and  later a l re s i stance to the hi ghest p ossib l e
d egree .
When s a ilin g in any d irection,
 stable._Many of_the fastest racing
boats are_of this_type,_a form_designed_to sail the_very best when
heeled_far over with half_the bottom out_of_water. To add to the
stability under such conditions the bows and sterns are cut_away_for a
long_distance_so_that when sailing on a_level keel the surface in
contact_with the_water is very small, while the further they_tip_to one
side or_the other the greater the length is increased.

But in_every case, whether stability is obtained_by great breadth_or
_beam_,_by_extreme depth from deck_to keel, by ballast inside or
outside,_by fin-keel or otherwise, you should_remember that the _further
under water the ballast_is placed the less will be_required_. Always
bear in mind that_ballast or_weight on the downward or__lee_ side aids
the_boat in_tipping, whereas the_same weight, on the upper side,
prevents_it and that_the weight placed on the high_side_will exert many
times_the_force_of the_same weight in_the_center of_the_boat.

Often by sitting far out on_the_upper or _weather_ edge of a boat,_she
may be sailed in_safety_through winds that would_capsize her if you sat
inside_the cockpit. If a plank or_board was_extended out_from the
weather side and you perched upon that the boat would_be still harder to
upset and it_is by such methods_that the_natives_of the South_Seas_sail
their catamarans_and proas at terrific speed and with_huge sails_out of
all proportion to the hulls._Sometimes one may see_a_“flying proa”
tearing along in a perfect_gale with half a dozen persons_hanging on to
the slender _outrigger__extending_from_the weather side, and by_their
weight alone preventing the queer craft_from turning turtle.

All_the above remarks refer to stability, but_there_is another factor
which must be considered_and_which is known as _lateral resistance_,_or
in_other_words, the resistance offered to_the water when moving
sideways. A boat_might be very stable and yet it might be_worthless if
it did_not possess lateral resistance, for_in_that_case it would merely
slide sideways instead of going ahead and_a properly_designed boat must
combine_both stability and lateral resistance to the highest possible
degree.

When sailing_in any direction,