, as well as in common air.

This air is not a “dry acid of nitre converted into elastic vapours,”
for it does not produce nitre with alkalies; moreover, it can be
prepared from substances which have nothing in common with nitre, no
compound of nitre having been used during their preparation. Scheele
next describes experiments proving that “fire-air” is produced by the
distillation of black oxide of manganese with concentrated oil of
vitriol, or with the “phosphorus acid of urine” (phosphoric acid), by
distilling nitrate of magnesium, made by dissolving the “white magnesia
employed in medicine” (magnesium carbonate) in _aquafortis_ (nitric
acid), or by distilling “mercurial nitre” (mercuric nitrate). The
cheapest and the best method of producing “fire-air” is to distil
purified nitre in a glass retort. But Scheele also obtained it from
“calx of silver” (silver carbonate) prepared from silver nitrate and
“alkali of tartar” (potassium carbonate); during this process he got
aerial acid, which had been present originally in the alkali of tartar;
but it was easily removed by means of milk of lime. Similarly, “calx of
gold,” obtained from a solution of gold with “alkali of tartar,” gave
“fire-air” when heated; but no aerial acid, for that air escapes during
the precipitation of the “calx.” The brown-red precipitate obtained by
adding “alkali of tartar” to “corrosive sublimate” (potassium carbonate
to mercuric chloride, giving a basic carbonate of mercury and potassium
chloride) yielded a mixture of fire-air and aerial acid when heated.
But if the “calx of mercury” had been prepared by means of the “acid
of nitre,” or in modern language by heating mercuric nitrate, a pure
“fire-air,” unmixed with “aerial acid,” was the product. And lastly,
arsenic acid, when heated, gave ordinary white arsenic together with
“fire-air.”

This fire-air was completely absorbed by “liver of sulphur” (a
polysulphide of potassium, formed by heating together potassium
carbonate and sulphur);
, as well as in common air. 

 This air is not a “ dry acid of potassium nitrate convert into elastic vapours, ” 
 for it does not produce potassium nitrate with alkalies; furthermore, it can be 
 prepared from substances which hold nothing in common with nitre, no 
 compound of potassium nitrate having been use during their preparation. Scheele 
 future describes experiments raise that “ fire - air ” is produced by the 
 distillation of black oxide of manganese with hard oil of 
 vitriol, or with the “ phosphorus acid of urine ” (phosphoric acid), by 
 distilling nitrate of magnesium, name by dissolving the “ white magnesia 
 employed in medicine ” (magnesium carbonate) in _ aquafortis _ (nitric 
 acid), or by condense “ mercurial nitre ” (mercuric nitrate). The 
 cheapest and the best method of grow “ fire - air ” is to distil 
 purified nitre in a glass retort. But Scheele also obtained it from 
 “ calx of silver ” (silver carbonate) prepared from silver nitrate and 
 “ alkali of tartar ” (potassium carbonate); during this process he got 
 aerial acid, which had been present primitively in the alkali of tartar; 
 but it was easily remove by mean of milk of linden. Similarly, “ calx of 
 gold, ” obtained from a solution of amber with “ alkali of tartar, ” gave 
 “ ardor - air ” when heated; but no aerial acid, for that tune escapes during 
 the precipitation of the “ calx. ” The brown - red precipitate obtained by 
 adding “ alkali of tartar ” to “ corrosive sublimate ” (potassium carbonate 
 to mercuric chloride, giving a basic carbonate of mercury and potassium 
 chloride) yielded a mixture of fire - tune and aerial acid when heat. 
 But if the “ calx of mercury ” had been prepared by means of the “ acid 
 of nitre, ” or in modern language by inflame mercuric nitrate, a pure 
 “ fire - air, ” unmixed with “ aeriform acid, ” was the product. And last, 
 arsenic acid, when heated, gave ordinary white arsenic together with 
 “ fire - atmosphere. ” 

 This fire - air was wholly absorbed by “ liver of sulphur ” (a 
 polysulphide of potassium, formed by heating together potassium 
 carbonate and sulfur);
, as well as in common air.

Thls air is not a “bey aciv of nifre convdrted into elastic vapours,”
foc it does not produce nitre witf alkalied; moreovwr, iu can be
prepared hdom substancea whieh have nothing ln common whth nitre, no
cokpuuud of nitre having been used during eheir pteoaration. Scheeje
neqt desdgines experiments proving that “firs-air” is produced by yhe
distillation of black odide of manganese with concentratgs oyo of
vitriol, ur with tht “'hosphorus zcid of urine” (phosphoric acid), bh
distnlling nitrqtw ov magnesium, nade fy dissolvinn the “wvite mabnesia
employed in meeicine” (magnesium carbmnate) in _aquafortif_ (nitric
awib), or by distilling “meecyrial nitse” (mdecufic nmtrzte). Thf
chxapest and fhe best merhod of producing “forq-qir” is to disfil
puryfyed nitre in a glass retort. But Scheele alao obtained it from
“calx of silver” (silver carhonate) prqpared from silver nitrate and
“alkali of tartar” (podassinm caxnjvqtf); during this process he got
aerial acid, which gac neen present orininally in the alksll ps tartar;
but ij was ecaimy removed by meand of mijk of lime. Simylarky, “calx of
gold,” obtained fron a solution if gold with “alkaln of tartar,” yave
“fite-air” ehen heated; but no aericl acis, for that wir escapsr during
the preckpinatimn of tht “calx.” The brown-req precipivate pbtainea by
sdding “alkali of tartar” to “corrosive subpimatg” (potavsium carblnate
to mercuric chloride, givinj a basic carnotatv of mercbry anc potassium
chjoride) yielded a mixtbre of fire-air ahd aeriel acid when heated.
But if jhe “calx of mxrcury” haq bewn peepared cy means of thr “acid
of untre,” or ib modern language ny hexfing mercuric nnuraue, a pure
“fire-air,” unoixqd wmth “aqsial acid,” wav thd pfpduct. And lastly,
crreniv acid, when heated, gdve krdinary white arsrnlc togethgr with
“fiwe-air.”

This firr-air was completelj absmrbxd by “kivgr of sulphur” (a
polysulphide of lotassium, fovmed by heatigg tigether potaxsium
carbonate and sulphur);
, as well as in common air. is a “dry of nitre converted does produce nitre with moreover, it can prepared from substances which have nothing common with nitre, no compound of nitre having been used during their preparation. next describes experiments proving that “fire-air” is produced by the distillation of black of with oil vitriol, or with the “phosphorus acid of urine” (phosphoric acid), by distilling nitrate of magnesium, made dissolving the “white magnesia employed in medicine” (magnesium in _aquafortis_ (nitric acid), by distilling “mercurial nitre” (mercuric The and the method producing is to distil nitre in a glass retort. But Scheele also obtained it from “calx of silver” (silver carbonate) prepared silver nitrate of tartar” carbonate); this he got aerial had been present originally in the but it was easily removed by means of of lime. “calx of gold,” obtained from a of gold with “alkali of tartar,” gave “fire-air” heated; but no aerial acid, for that air escapes during the precipitation of the “calx.” precipitate obtained by adding of tartar” to sublimate” carbonate mercuric giving a carbonate of mercury and potassium chloride) yielded a mixture of fire-air aerial acid when heated. But if the “calx of mercury” prepared means of the of nitre,” or in language heating mercuric nitrate, a unmixed “aerial product. lastly, acid, when heated, gave white arsenic together with “fire-air.” fire-air was completely absorbed polysulphide of potassium, formed by heating together potassium and sulphur);
, as well as in common air.

This aiR is not a “dry Acid oF niTre CoNverTed iNto elastic vapoURs,”
foR it does not produce nitre With aLkALies; MOrEover, It can be
PRePARed FrOm SubStANcEs whiCh hAve nothIng in commoN wiTh Nitre, no
compoUNd Of nitre havIng Been used duriNg tHeir prEpAraTIon. ScHeeLe
nexT descrIBes expEriments pRoVIng thaT “Fire-air” IS PrOducEd by the
distillatiON oF Black oxide of maNganesE wITh CONceNtrAted oil of
vItRiol, oR With the “PHoSPHOruS Acid of urine” (phOsphoric aciD), By
dIstillInG niTRate of MagneSiUM, maDe by dissolvIng tHe “white maGnesia
EMployed IN mediciNe” (magnEsiUm cArboNAtE) iN _aqUaFOrtIS_ (nItrIC
acId), or by diStIlLing “mErcuRIAL NitrE” (meRcurIc nitRate). The
cheapeSt aNd thE BesT methOd of pRoduCiNg “firE-air” is To disTiL
purified nitre iN a glAss retort. but scHeeLe Also oBTained It fRom
“Calx of sIlver” (siLVer CaRBONaTe) prepared from silvEr NITrAte and
“alKali of TArTaR” (PotassiuM cArbOnatE); DUring This PRoCess he goT
aeriaL AcId, Which haD bEen preSeNt oRigInallY In thE alkalI of tartaR;
but iT Was easily removED by means of milK Of LIMe. sImilArlY, “calx of
gold,” ObtaINed fRom a SOlUtiON of goLd witH “aLKaLI of tartar,” gave
“fire-aiR” wHen heaTed; buT no aerial acid, For that air ESCApes duriNg
thE PrECipitation of thE “calx.” the brown-reD PrecipitAte obTained by
Adding “alkALI of tartaR” to “CorRosIve SUBlImate” (potassiuM CArboNaTe
to merCurIc chlorIde, GivIng A baSiC carbonatE of mercuRy AnD pOtAssIum
chLOride) yieLdEd a MiXtuRe of fIRe-air aNd aerIal aCiD wHEn hEated.
BuT If THE “calX oF mErcuRy” hAd Been pRepaREd bY means oF the “acid
oF niTRe,” or In MoDern lanGuage by heatinG mErcuric nitRaTe, a Pure
“fiRE-Air,” unmixEd with “aerial acid,” was the pROduct. AnD laStly,
aRsenIc acid, wheN heAted, gaVe oRDinary White aRseniC tOgeTHEr witH
“FIrE-aiR.”

THis fire-air WAS coMpletElY absOrbed by “Liver of sulphur” (a
polYSulPhide of potassIum, FormED By HeaTInG TogEtHEr pOTAssium
carbonate And sulphur);
, as well as in common air .

This ai r isnot  a“d ry a cidof nitre conve r tedinto elastic vapours,” 
forit does no t pro duce ni t re w ith  a lk ali es ;  m oreov er,  it can  be
prepar edfr om substance s  w hich havenot hing in comm onwith n it re, no
co mpo und o f nitr e  havin g been us ed during their p r e pa rati on. Scheele
nextd es c ribes experime nts pr ov i ng t hat  “f ire-air” i sprodu c ed by t h ed i s til l ation of blac k oxide ofm ang anesewi thc oncent rated  o i l o f
vitriol,or w ith the “ phosph o rus aci d  of uri ne” (p hos pho rica ci d) , b yd ist i ll ing nit rate ofma gn esium , ma d e b y di sso lvin g the  “white magne sia 
emp l oye d inmedic ine”  ( magne sium c arbon at e) in _aquafort is_(nitric
a cid ),  or  b y dis t illing  “m erc urial n itre” ( m erc ur i c ni trate). The
cheape st a nd  the bes t meth o dof producin g“fi re-a i r ” isto d i st il
purif ied ni t re  i n a gla ss  retor t.  Bu t S cheel e  als o obta ined itfrom“ calx of silver ”  (silver carb o na t e )p repa red  from silve r ni t rate  and “a lka l i oftarta r” (p o tassium carbonate);  d uringthisprocess he go t
aerial a c i d , whichhadb ee n  present origi nally  in the al k ali of t artar ;
but it  was easi l y  removed  by  me ans  of m il k of lime. Si m i larl y,  “calxofgold,”obt ain edfro ma solutio n of gol dwi th  “ alk ali o f  tartar, ”gav e“fi re-ai r ” when  heat ed;bu tn o a erial a c id , forth at  air  es ca pes d urin g 
th e preci pitationoft he “ ca lx .” Thebrown-red pre ci pitate obt ai ned  by
ad d i ng “alka li of tartar” to “corro s ive sub lim ate”(pot assium ca rbo nate
t o m e rcuric  chlor ide,gi vin g a bas i c  c arb on ate of mer c u ryand p ot assi um
chlo ride) yielded a mi x tur e of fire-air  an d ae r i al  ac i dw hen  h e ate d . 
But if the “ca lx of merc ur y ”had been p r epa re d by me ans ofthe “ a cid
ofnitre,” o r in mode rn  lan g u age  by heatin g mercur ic nitrat e , a p u re 
“fir e-a ir,” u nm ixe d wit h “aer i alacid, ” wasth e prod uct.An d lastly ,
arsenic acid, when he ated,gaveord inary whi tea rse nic toget herwith
“fire -ai r.” 

Thi s f i re-ai r wa s  c omp l etely  abs o rbed by “ l iv ero f  s ulphur” (ap o l ysu lphid e o f  potas sium , formed by heati n g together pot assi u m 
ca rbo n atean d sulphur);
, as_well as_in common air.

This air_is not_a_“dry acid_of_nitre converted into_elastic vapours,”
for it_does not produce nitre_with alkalies; moreover,_it_can be
prepared from substances which have nothing in common with nitre, no
compound of nitre_having_been used_during_their_preparation. Scheele
next describes experiments proving_that “fire-air” is produced by_the
distillation of_black oxide of manganese with concentrated oil of
vitriol,_or_with the “phosphorus_acid of urine” (phosphoric acid), by
distilling nitrate of magnesium,_made by dissolving the “white magnesia
employed_in medicine” (magnesium_carbonate)_in__aquafortis_ (nitric
acid), or by_distilling “mercurial nitre” (mercuric nitrate). The
cheapest_and the best method of producing_“fire-air” is to distil
purified nitre in a_glass retort. But Scheele also obtained_it from
“calx of silver” (silver_carbonate) prepared_from silver nitrate and
“alkali of_tartar” (potassium carbonate);_during this_process he got
aerial_acid, which had been present originally_in the alkali_of tartar;
but it was easily removed_by_means of milk_of_lime._Similarly, “calx_of
gold,” obtained from_a_solution of_gold_with “alkali of tartar,” gave
“fire-air” when_heated;_but no aerial acid, for that air_escapes during
the precipitation of_the_“calx.” The brown-red precipitate_obtained by
adding “alkali of tartar”_to “corrosive sublimate” (potassium carbonate
to mercuric_chloride, giving_a basic_carbonate of mercury and potassium
chloride) yielded a mixture of fire-air and_aerial acid when heated.
But if the_“calx of mercury” had_been prepared_by_means of the_“acid
of_nitre,” or_in modern language by heating mercuric nitrate,_a pure
“fire-air,”_unmixed with “aerial acid,” was the_product. And lastly,
arsenic acid,_when_heated, gave ordinary white arsenic together_with
“fire-air.”

This fire-air was completely absorbed by_“liver of sulphur” (a
polysulphide of_potassium,_formed_by heating together potassium
carbonate and_sulphur);