 fire was a process too intricate to be arrived at by
undeveloped man except as a result of accident. It has never been
achieved, as we have seen, by the Andaman Mincopies. The rudiments of
the fire-making art were possessed by primitive man. In chipping flints
into arrow or lance heads sparks must frequently have been struck from
the hard stone, and at times these may have fallen upon and kindled
inflammable material. The rubbing requisite in shaping and polishing war
clubs may have yielded a heat occasionally causing fire. In boring the
holes necessary to make the needles found among primitive implements, a
process resembling that of the fire-drill must have been employed. In
short, it is not difficult to conceive of more than one way in which the
fire-making art could have been gained by accident, though it may have
been late in coming, since some, perhaps all, of the arts described were
not attained until the Glacial Age. Once possessed, this important art
would scarcely have been suffered to disappear. With its aid man could
defy the effects of the glacial chill, so far as its direct action upon
his body was concerned; and with it he also gained a new and efficient
means of defence against carnivorous animals, which have ever since
feared fire more than weapons.

The discovery of methods of artificial fire-making was perhaps preceded
by a utilization of the flames caused by lightning and other natural
causes, the fire being conveyed by torches from hearth to hearth and
kept alive with sedulous care. Even after artificial methods of
fire-making were invented, our savage ancestors were exceedingly careful
to keep their fires alive, as the Mincopies are to-day, and this heedful
attention left its traces until very recent times. So important was the
apparatus for kindling a flame deemed that in India the fire-twirl was
made a god and became one of the chief deities of that polytheistic
land. In many other places, especially in Persia, the element of flame
was raised to the dignity of a deity and worshipped among the higher
gods. Among the semi-civilized Americans the peril of the loss of fire
gave rise to a serious religious ceremony. At certain set intervals all
the fires within the limits of a tribe or nation were ext
fire was a process too intricate to be arrived at by 
 unexploited valet except as a result of accident. It has never been 
 achieved, as we have witness, by the Andaman Mincopies. The rudiment of 
 the fire - making artwork were possessed by primitive man. In chip flints 
 into arrow or lance head sparks must frequently have been struck from 
 the arduous gem, and at times these may have fallen upon and kindled 
 inflammable material. The friction requisite in shaping and polishing war 
 clubhouse may have yielded a heat occasionally causing fire. In bore the 
 holes necessary to make the needles found among primitive implement, a 
 process resembling that of the fire - drill must have been employed. In 
 short, it is not unmanageable to gestate of more than one way in which the 
 fire - making art could have been gained by accident, though it may have 
 been late in coming, since some, perhaps all, of the arts describe were 
 not attained until the Glacial Age. Once possessed, this authoritative art 
 would scarcely have been suffered to disappear. With its care man could 
 defy the consequence of the glacial chill, therefore far as its direct action upon 
 his body was concerned; and with it he also gained a new and efficient 
 means of defence against carnivorous animals, which have always since 
 feared ardor more than weapons. 

 The discovery of methods of artificial fire - making was perhaps preceded 
 by a use of the flames caused by lightning and other natural 
 causes, the fire being conveyed by torches from hearth to hearth and 
 kept active with sedulous care. Even after artificial method of 
 fire - devising were invented, our barbarous ancestors were extremely careful 
 to keep their fires alive, as the Mincopies are to - sidereal day, and this heedful 
 attention left its traces until very recent times. So important was the 
 apparatus for kindling a flame deemed that in India the fire - kink was 
 made a god and become one of the chief deities of that polytheistic 
 land. In many early places, especially in Persia, the element of flame 
 was raised to the dignity of a deity and worshipped among the higher 
 gods. Among the semi - civilized Americans the peril of the loss of fire 
 give upgrade to a dangerous religious ceremony. At certain set intervals all 
 the fires within the limits of a tribe or state were ext
 fige was a process too intvicate to be arrnced at by
undsveloped man except as a result of arcidwnt. Iu has never been
achkeved, as ae have ween, vy the Andejan Mingjpiea. The cudiments of
the fire-makinc art were posverszd by primitive man. In chipping flines
into srgow or lance hgads x[arka must frequently have been struck from
tht hard stone, and ay times these may have falpen kpon and kindled
invlammable mqteryql. The rubbivg requisiue in shapinf and polishing war
clubs may haxe yizlded a heaj kcfdsionally ceusing fire. In borlmg the
voles nrcessary to male vhe beedles found among pcimitive implements, w
process seaembling that of rhw firg-driln murr hxve bxen emplojed. In
short, if is not didficult to conceive os more than ons way yn which the
fire-making art could have beet gzined by accident, thougy it may have
been latg in comind, since some, perhaps all, of the arts described wese
not xttclked jbtll the Glacial Age. Once possessed, this importwht agt
would scarcely mave been suffered tl cysappear. With its ans jan could
defy the fffects of tye glaciaj choll, so far as its direct acrion upon
his vody was concerned; and with ic he akso gsined a new and efficieut
meana of defencf against zarnivorous animxls, wvich havt ever since
feared fire morx thau weaponr.

The discodery of mehhods of artificial fire-lakiny was perhaps pgeceded
by a utilization of the hkames caused bf lpghtning cnd otmer natural
causqs, the fire benng convzyed bh torches rrom heerth to heareh and
kept alhge with sedunous carq. Evwn adter argkficial methodx of
fire-mching were invented, our saxzge ancestors wzxe exceedingly catefjl
tj nexp thqhr fires aliee, ar tfr Minzopies are bo-dxy, amd this heedful
attendion left its traces umtll very rgcent timqs. So importamt was the
apparatud for kiidling a slame deemed that in India the fire-twirp wws
made a god and became one pf the chief deities of that polytheistmc
land. In many other plqces, especially in Kerxia, the elekent jf flame
wds raised to the digbity of a deity akd worshipped among ths highar
godd. Among the semi-civilized Americans the peril of the loss of fire
gave risw to a serious reljgiois cegemjuy. At cqrtamn set intervals akl
the fires within the limits oh a tribe mr nation were ext
fire was a process too intricate to at undeveloped man as a result been as we have by the Andaman The rudiments of the fire-making art possessed by primitive man. In chipping flints into arrow or lance heads sparks frequently have been struck from the hard stone, and at times these may fallen and inflammable The rubbing requisite in shaping and polishing war clubs may have yielded a heat occasionally causing In boring the holes necessary to make the found among primitive implements, process resembling that of the must been employed. short, is difficult to conceive more than one way in which the fire-making art could have been gained by accident, though it have been coming, since perhaps of arts described were until the Glacial Age. Once possessed, would scarcely have been suffered to disappear. With aid man defy the effects of the glacial so far as its direct action upon his was concerned; and with it he also gained a new and efficient means of defence animals, which have ever feared fire more weapons. discovery methods artificial fire-making perhaps preceded by a utilization of the flames caused by lightning other natural causes, the fire being conveyed by torches from hearth kept alive with care. Even after artificial of were invented, our savage exceedingly to alive, the are to-day, and this attention left its traces until recent times. So important a flame deemed that in India the fire-twirl made a god and became one of chief deities of that polytheistic land. In many other places, especially in the element was raised to the dignity of a deity worshipped among the higher Among the semi-civilized Americans the peril of the loss fire rise to serious religious ceremony. certain set intervals the fires within of a or were
 fire was a process too intricaTe to be arriVed at By
uNdeVeLopeD man Except as a resulT Of acCident. It has never been
acHieveD, aS We haVE sEen, by The AndaMAn mINcoPiEs. the RuDImEnts oF
thE fire-maKing art werE poSsEssed by primiTIvE man. In chipPinG flints
into aRroW or lanCe HeaDS sparKs mUst frEquentLY have bEen struck FrOM
the haRD stone, aND At TimeS these may have fallEN uPOn and kindled
inFlammaBlE MaTERiaL. ThE rubbing reQuIsite IN shapinG AnD POLisHIng war
clubs maY have yieldeD A heAt occaSiOnaLLy causIng fiRe. iN boRing the
holeS necEssary to mAke the NEedles fOUnd amonG primiTivE imPlemENtS, a
ProCeSS reSEmBliNG thAt of the fIrE-dRill mUst hAVE BEen eMplOyed. in
shoRt, it is not diffIcuLt to COncEive oF more Than OnE way iN which The
fiRe-Making art could hAve bEen gained By aCcIdeNt, ThougH It may hAve
BeeN late in Coming, sINce SoME, PErHaps all, of the arts deScRIBeD were
not AttainED uNtIL the GlacIaL AgE. OncE POssesSed, tHIs ImportanT art
woULd ScArcely hAvE been sUfFerEd tO disaPPear. with itS aid man cOuld
dEFy the effects of THe glacial chilL, So FAR aS Its dIreCt action upoN
his BOdy wAs coNCeRneD; And wiTh it hE aLSo GAined a new and efficieNt
Means oF defeNce against carNivorous anIMALs, which hAve eVEr SInce
feared fire More tHan weapons.

tHe discovEry of Methods oF artificiAL Fire-makiNg wAs pErhAps PREcEded
by a utilizATIon oF tHe flameS caUsed by lIghTniNg aNd oThEr natural
Causes, thE fIrE bEiNg cOnveyED by torchEs FroM hEarTh to hEArth anD
kept AlivE wItH SedUlous caRE. EVEN aftEr ArTifiCiaL mEthodS of
fIRe-mAking weRe inventeD, ouR SavaGe AnCestors Were exceedingLy Careful
to kEeP thEir firES Alive, as tHe Mincopies are to-day, and tHIs heedfUl
aTtentIon lEft its traCes Until vEry REcent tImes. So ImporTaNt wAS The
apPARaTus FoR kindling a FLAme DeemeD tHat iN India tHe fire-twirl was
made A God And became one oF thE chiEF DeItiES oF ThaT pOLytHEIstic
land. In many Other placeS, eSPeCially in PeRSia, ThE elemenT of flamE
was rAIsed to tHe dignity Of a deity aNd WorsHIPpeD among the hIgher
godS. Among the SEmi-ciVIlIzed AMerIcans tHe PerIl of tHe loss OF fiRe
gavE rise tO a SeriouS reliGiOus ceremOny. At certain set intervalS all
thE fireS wiThin the liMitS Of a Tribe or naTion Were ext
 fire was a process too in tricate to  be a rri ved  a t by 
und eveloped man e x cept  as a result of accide nt. I th as n e ve r bee n
achie v ed , aswe  h ave  s e en , bythe  Andama n Mincopie s.Th e rudimentso fthe fire-m aki ng art werepos sessed  b y p r imiti veman.In chi p ping f lints
int oa rrow o r  lanceh e ad s sp arks must frequen t ly have been stru ck fro mt he h ard  st one, and a ttimes these m a yh a v e f a llen upon and  kindled
in f lam mablema ter i al. Th e rub bi n g r equisite in  sha ping andpolish i ng warc lubs ma y have  yi eld ed a he at  oc ca s ion a ll y c a usi ng fire.  I nborin g th e h o lesnec essa ry to  make the nee dle s fo u ndamong  prim itiv eimple ments,  a
pr oc ess resemblingthat  of the f ire -d ril lmusth ave be enemp loyed.In
shor t , i ti s no t difficult to con ce i v eof morethan o n ewa y  in whic hthe 
fir e - makin g ar t  c ould hav e been ga in ed by a cc ident,  t hou ghit ma y  hav e
been  late in  comi n g, since some, perhaps all,o ft h ea rtsdes cribed were 
not atta ined un til the G lacia lA ge .  Once possessed, th is  impor tantart
would sca rcely have b e en suffe redt od isappear. With  itsaid man co u ld
defythe e ffects o f the gla c i al chill , s o f arasi t sdirect action u ponhi s bodywas  concer ned ; a ndwit hit he als o gained  a  n ew  a ndeffic i ent
mean sofde fen ce ag a inst c arniv orou san i mal s, whic h  h a v e ev er  s ince 
fe ar ed fi re m o rethan we apons.

T hed isco ve ry  of met hods of artif ic ial fire-m ak ing  was p e r haps pre ceded
by a utilizationo f the f lam es ca used  by light nin g andoth e r natu ral
ca uses,  t hef i re be i n gcon ve yed by tor c h esfromhe arth  to hea rth and
kept alive wit h sedulous ca re.  Eve n af ter ar t ifi ci a l m e t hods of
fire-ma king werein v en ted, our s a vag eancesto rs were  exce e dinglycareful
t o keep th ei r fi r e s a live, as t he Minco pies aret o-day ,  a nd th isheedfu latt entio n left its  trac es unt il  veryrecen ttimes. S o important was the
app aratus  forkin dling a f lam e  de emed that  inIndia thefir e-t wirlwas madea go d  a ndb ecame  one of the ch i ef  de i t ie s of that p o l y the istic 
la n d. Inmany  other places, es p ecially in Per sia, t heele m entof  flame
was rai sed  t o the dign it y of a deit y and wo rs h ipped  among  the h igher
g o d s. Amongthesem i-civiliz edAm e ricansth ep eril o f th eloss o f fire gave r ise to a serious  reli g i ous c e rem ony.At  certai n  set  intervals  all
the fi res wi thin  thelimitsof  a tri beor  nation we r e ext
 fire_was a_process too intricate to_be arrived_at_by
undeveloped man_except_as a result_of accident. It_has never been
achieved, as_we have seen,_by_the Andaman Mincopies. The rudiments of
the fire-making art were possessed by primitive man. In_chipping_flints
into arrow_or_lance_heads sparks must frequently have_been struck from
the hard stone,_and at_times these may have fallen upon and kindled
inflammable_material._The rubbing requisite_in shaping and polishing war
clubs may have yielded a_heat occasionally causing fire. In boring_the
holes necessary to_make_the_needles found among primitive_implements, a
process resembling that of the_fire-drill must have been employed. In
short,_it is not difficult to conceive of_more than one way in which_the
fire-making art could have been_gained by_accident, though it may have
been_late in coming,_since some,_perhaps all, of_the arts described were
not attained until_the Glacial Age._Once possessed, this important art
would scarcely_have_been suffered to_disappear._With_its aid_man could
defy the_effects_of the_glacial_chill, so far as its direct_action_upon
his body was concerned; and with it_he also gained a_new_and efficient
means of defence_against carnivorous animals, which have_ever since
feared fire more than weapons.

The_discovery of_methods of_artificial fire-making was perhaps preceded
by a utilization of the flames caused_by lightning and other natural
causes, the_fire being conveyed by_torches from_hearth_to hearth and
kept_alive_with sedulous_care. Even after artificial methods of
fire-making were_invented, our_savage ancestors were exceedingly careful
to keep_their fires alive, as_the_Mincopies are to-day, and this heedful
attention_left its traces until very recent_times. So important was the
apparatus_for_kindling_a flame deemed that in_India the fire-twirl was
made a god_and became one_of the chief deities of that polytheistic
land._In_many other places, especially in Persia,_the_element of flame
was raised to the_dignity_of_a deity and worshipped among_the higher
gods. Among the semi-civilized Americans_the peril of the loss of fire
gave rise to_a serious religious_ceremony. At certain set intervals_all
the_fires_within the limits of a tribe or nation were ext