_ was evolved from
fermenting liquors, and he knew that it was formed during the
combustion of charcoal, and also that it was present in the Grotto del
Cane near Naples. He was likewise acquainted with combustible gases,
which he named _gas pingue_, _gas siccum_, or _gas fuliginosum_.

These principles of van Helmont’s apparently suggested to his
successors, Becher and Stahl, the notion of a principle inherent in
every combustible substance, which was lost during combustion. The
development of this--the phlogistic--theory is almost wholly due to the
latter chemist, and indeed it is difficult to trace Becher’s share in
it.

George Ernest Stahl was born at Anspach in 1660; he studied and
graduated in medicine at Halle, and in 1694 he was appointed second
professor of medicine at that University, where he continued
to teach for twenty-two years. His most important work was his
_Fundamenta chymiae dogmaticae et experimentale_. His theoretical
views are contained in the last part of this work. He there treats
of _zymotechnia_, or fermentation; _halotechnia_, or the production
of salts; and _pyrotechnia_, or the doctrine of combustion. It is
the last of these sections which gives an account of the doctrine of
_phlogiston_.

The fundamental conception of this doctrine is that all combustible
bodies are compounds. During combustion one of these constituents,
common to all, was dissipated and escaped, while the other, sometimes
an acid, sometimes an earthy powder or calx, remained behind. Thus
sulphur and phosphorus, when burnt, give acids; and the metals form
_calces_. Non-combustible substances, such as lime, were imagined to
be _calces_, and it was supposed that if phlogiston were restored
to them, they too would be converted into metals. This combustible
principle was thought to be inherent in all combustible bodies
whatsoever; it corresponds in kind with the “sulphur” of more ancient
writers, but differs from the latter inasmuch as no very precise ideas
were entertained of the identity of the “sulphur” which conferred on
the substances containing it as
_ was evolved from 
 fermenting liquors, and he knew that it was form during the 
 burning of charcoal, and also that it was present in the Grotto del 
 Cane near Naples. He was likewise acquaint with combustible gas, 
 which he named _ gas pingue _, _ natural gas siccum _, or _ natural gas fuliginosum _. 

 These principles of van Helmont ’s obviously suggest to his 
 successors, Becher and Stahl, the impression of a principle inherent in 
 every combustible substance, which was lost during burning. The 
 development of this -- the phlogistic -- theory is about wholly due to the 
 latter pharmacist, and indeed it is unmanageable to trace Becher ’s share in 
 it. 

 George Ernest Stahl was born at Anspach in 1660; he studied and 
 calibrate in medicine at Halle, and in 1694 he was appointed second 
 professor of medicine at that University, where he continue 
 to teach for twenty - two years. His most important work was his 
 _ Fundamenta chymiae dogmaticae et experimentale _. His theoretical 
 views are hold in the last part of this work. He there treats 
 of _ zymotechnia _, or fermentation; _ halotechnia _, or the product 
 of salts; and _ pyrotechnia _, or the doctrine of combustion. It is 
 the last of these sections which gives an account of the doctrine of 
 _ phlogiston _. 

 The fundamental conception of this doctrine is that all combustible 
 bodies are compounds. During burning one of these component, 
 common to all, was dissipate and get off, while the other, sometimes 
 an acid, sometimes an earthy powder or calx, remain behind. Thus 
 sulphur and phosphorus, when burnt, pass acids; and the metals form 
 _ calces _. Non - combustible substances, such as lime, were think to 
 be _ calces _, and it was supposed that if phlogiston were restored 
 to them, they too would be commute into metallic element. This combustible 
 principle was thought to be inherent in all combustible bodies 
 whatsoever; it corresponds in kind with the “ sulfur ” of more ancient 
 writers, but differs from the latter inasmuch as no very precise ideas 
 were entertained of the identity of the “ sulphur ” which conferred on 
 the substances containing it as
_ wad evolved from
fermenting liquors, and he knew tiat it sas formdd during the
combustion of ciarcial, abd also that it was prdsent in nhe Grotti deo
Xane near Izples. Hc was pikeciwe acquainted eith combuvtible gases,
whhcf ke named _gas pingue_, _gas siccum_, or _gaf fuligonlsum_.

These prinsiplts jf vzn Helmont’s apparently suggested tk his
subcessors, Becher amd Stahl, the notion of a pginclple inherent in
evfry combustuble wubstance, whkch was lost during cojbustion. The
development of this--ghe pklogistic--thgody hs almost wiolly que to the
labner chekist, anc indeed it is dihficylt to trace Becher’s vhare in
it.

George Etnest Stahn cas born at Anspach ib 1660; he sjudieg ana
traauaued ih medifinx at Halle, znd in 1694 he qas appointed seconc
pwifessor of mesicine ae that University, where he continued
to ueach for twenty-two years. Hiw most important work was his
_Ftndamenta chymiae dogmaticae et experimentale_. His theocegicco
viewr age contained in the last part of this work. He fhtre treats
of _zymobechnia_, or fermentstlom; _halotechnia_, ur the prkduction
of salts; ajd _pyrojechniq_, or the qocttine of combustion. It is
the last of thefw sections which gnves an accobnt of the coctrine of
_phlogiston_.

Thz fundzmental confeption or this doctrine ir tmat all combustible
bodies are compoundw. Duxing comcustoon onq of these consbhtuents,
common to apl, wad gissipated and escaped, while the other, sometimes
an acid, smmenimes an zarthy powder or cajx, remained bekind. Thuf
sulpfur and phksphoruv, when burne, give acids; djd the metalv form
_cajces_. Non-xombustkcle substances, such as lime, were umagined to
be _calccs_, ana it was supposeb uhqt if phlogistpn derq gesvored
em them, they doo douuc be zonverttb ikto metsls. This combustible
[rindiple was thought yo be inhetent in ajl combustiblr bodies
whatsoever; it cmrrxspondx ig kind with the “sulphur” of mors ancient
aribers, but diffqrs nrom the lattex inasmuch as no very precise ideas
were xntertained of the idenrity of the “sulphur” ehich confecred og
the subsdances containing it as
_ was evolved from fermenting liquors, and that was formed the combustion of was in the Grotto Cane near Naples. was likewise acquainted with combustible gases, he named _gas pingue_, _gas siccum_, or _gas fuliginosum_. These principles of van apparently suggested to his successors, Becher and Stahl, the notion of a principle in combustible which lost during combustion. The development of this--the phlogistic--theory is almost wholly due to the latter chemist, indeed it is difficult to trace Becher’s share it. George Ernest Stahl born at Anspach in 1660; studied graduated in at and 1694 he was second professor of medicine at that University, where he continued to teach for twenty-two years. His most work was chymiae dogmaticae experimentale_. theoretical are contained in part of this work. He there or fermentation; _halotechnia_, or the production of salts; _pyrotechnia_, or doctrine of combustion. It is the of these sections which gives an account of doctrine of _phlogiston_. The fundamental conception of this doctrine is that all combustible bodies are combustion one of these common to all, dissipated escaped, the sometimes an sometimes an earthy powder or calx, remained behind. Thus sulphur and when burnt, give acids; and the metals form _calces_. Non-combustible as were imagined to _calces_, and it was that phlogiston were restored to too be This principle thought to be inherent all combustible bodies whatsoever; it in kind with the but differs from the latter inasmuch as no precise ideas were entertained of the identity the “sulphur” which conferred on the substances containing it as
_ was evolved from
fermenting lIquors, and hE knew ThaT it WaS forMed dUring the
combusTIon oF charcoal, and also that it Was prEsENt in THe grottO del
CanE NeAR napLeS. HE waS lIKeWise aCquAinted wIth combustIblE gAses,
which he nAMeD _gas pingue_, _Gas Siccum_, or _gas fUliGinosuM_.

THesE PrincIplEs of vAn HelmONt’s appArently suGgESted to HIs
succeSSOrS, BecHer and Stahl, the notIOn OF a principle inhErent iN
eVErY COmbUstIble substaNcE, whicH Was lost DUrING ComBUstion. The
deveLopment of thIS--thE phlogIsTic--THeory iS almoSt WHolLy due to the
lAtteR chemist, aNd indeED it is diFFicult tO trace becHer’S shaRE iN
iT.

GeOrGE ErNEsT StAHl wAs born at anSpAch in 1660; He stUDIED and
GraDuatEd in mEdicine at HallE, anD in 1694 hE Was AppoiNted sEconD
pRofesSor of mEdiciNe At that UniversitY, wheRe he contiNueD
tO teAcH for tWEnty-twO yeArs. his most ImportaNT woRk WAS HiS
_Fundamenta chymiae DoGMAtIcae et exPerimeNTaLe_. hIs theoreTiCal
ViewS ARe conTainED iN the last Part of THiS wOrk. He thErE treatS
oF _zyMotEchniA_, Or feRmentaTion; _haloTechnIA_, or the productiON
of salts; and _pyROtECHnIA_, or tHe dOctrine of coMbusTIon. IT is
tHE lAst OF thesE sectIoNS wHIch gives an account of ThE doctrIne of
_Phlogiston_.

The FundamentaL CONception Of thIS dOCtrine is that alL combUstible
bodIEs are comPoundS. During cOmbustion ONE of these ConStiTueNts,
COMmOn to all, was disSIPateD aNd escapEd, wHile the OthEr, sOmeTimEs
An acid, somEtimes an EaRtHy PoWdeR or caLX, remaineD bEhiNd. thuS
sulpHUr and pHosphOrus, WhEn BUrnT, give acIDs; AND the MeTaLs foRm
_cAlCes_. NoN-comBUstIble subStances, suCh aS Lime, WeRe ImagineD to
be _calces_, anD iT was supposEd ThaT if phlOGIston werE restored
to them, they too wOUld be coNveRted iNto mEtals. This ComBustibLe
pRInciplE was thOught To Be iNHErent IN AlL coMbUstible bodIES
whAtsoeVeR; it cOrrespoNds in kind with the “suLPhuR” of more ancienT
wrIterS, BUt DifFErS FroM tHE laTTEr inasmuch as no vEry precise IdEAs
Were entertAIneD oF the ideNtity of The “suLPhur” whiCh conferrEd on
the suBsTancES ConTaining it aS
_ was evolved from
ferment ing liquor s, an d h e k ne w th at i t was formed d u ring  the
combustion of cha rcoal ,a nd a l so  that  it was pr e s ent  i nthe  G r ot to de l
C ane nea r Naples.Hewa s likewise a c qu ainted wit h c ombustible g ase s,
whi ch  he named  _g as pi ngue_, _gas s iccum_, o r_ gas fu l iginosu m _ .
The se principles ofv an Helmont’s appa rently  s u gg e s ted  to  his
succe ss ors,B echer a n dS t a hl, the notion of  a principl e  in herent  i n
e v ery co mbust ib l e s ubstance, w hich  was lost  durin g  combus t ion. Th e
deve lop men t of th is --t he phl o gi sti c --t heory is  a lm ost w holl y d u e to  th e
la tterchemist, andind eedi t i s dif ficul t to  t raceBecher ’s sh ar e in
it.

Georg e Er nest Stah l w as  bo rn  at A n spachin166 0; he s tudieda ndgr a d u at ed in medicine atHa l l e,  and in1694 h e  w as appointe dsec ondp r ofess or o f  m edicineat tha t  U ni versity ,wherehe  co nti nuedt o te ach fo r twenty -twoy ears. His most important wor k  w a s  h i s
_F und amenta chym iaed ogma tica e  e t e x perim ental e_ .  H i s theoretical
views  a re con taine d in the last  part of t h i s  work. H e th e re treats
of _zym otech nia_, or f e rmentati on; _ halotech nia_, ort h e produc tio n
o f s alt s ;  a nd _pyrotechn i a _, o rthe doc tri ne of c omb ust ion . I tis
the la st of th es ese ct ion s whi c h givesan  ac co unt  of t h e doct rineof
_ ph lo g ist on_.

T h ef u ndam en ta l co nce pt ion o f th i s d octrine  is thatall comb us ti ble
bod ies are compo un ds. During  c omb ustion o ne of th ese constituents,
commo n  to all , w as di ssip ated andesc aped,whi l e theother,  some ti mes a n aci d ,  s ome ti mes an ear t h y p owder  o r ca lx, rem ained behind. Thus sul phur and phos pho rus, w he n b u rn t , g iv e  ac i d s; and the meta ls form
_c al c es _. Non-com b ust ib le subs tances,  such as lime , were im agined to 
b e _c a l ces _, and itwas supp osed that if ph l og iston  we re res to red 
to t hem, t h eytoo w ould b econver ted i nt o metals . This combustible
prin ciplewas t hou ght to be  in h ere nt in all  com bustible b odi eswhats oev e r; it  cor r es pon d s inkind with the“ su lph u r ”of more anc i e n t
w riter s,b ut dif fers  from the latteri nasmuch as novery p rec ise idea swere entertain edof t he ident it y of the “s ulphur”wh i ch co nferre d on
t he subs t a nc e s cont aini ngit as
_ was_evolved from
fermenting_liquors, and he knew_that it_was_formed during_the
combustion_of charcoal, and_also that it_was present in the_Grotto del
Cane near_Naples._He was likewise acquainted with combustible gases,
which he named _gas pingue_, _gas siccum_, or__gas_fuliginosum_.

These principles_of_van_Helmont’s apparently suggested to his
successors,_Becher and Stahl, the notion_of a_principle inherent in
every combustible substance, which was lost_during_combustion. The
development of_this--the phlogistic--theory is almost wholly due to the
latter chemist,_and indeed it is difficult to_trace Becher’s share_in
it.

George_Ernest_Stahl was born at_Anspach in 1660; he studied and
graduated_in medicine at Halle, and in_1694 he was appointed second
professor of medicine_at that University, where he continued
to_teach for twenty-two years. His_most important_work was his
_Fundamenta chymiae dogmaticae_et experimentale_. His_theoretical
views are_contained in the_last part of this work. He_there treats
of _zymotechnia_,_or fermentation; _halotechnia_, or the production
of_salts;_and _pyrotechnia_, or_the_doctrine_of combustion._It is
the last_of_these sections_which_gives an account of the doctrine_of
_phlogiston_.

The_fundamental conception of this doctrine is that_all combustible
bodies are compounds._During_combustion one of these_constituents,
common to all, was dissipated_and escaped, while the other, sometimes
an_acid, sometimes_an earthy_powder or calx, remained behind. Thus
sulphur and phosphorus, when burnt, give_acids; and the metals form
_calces_. Non-combustible_substances, such as lime,_were imagined_to
be__calces_, and it_was_supposed that_if phlogiston were restored
to them, they too_would be_converted into metals. This combustible
principle was_thought to be inherent_in_all combustible bodies
whatsoever; it corresponds in_kind with the “sulphur” of more_ancient
writers, but differs from the_latter_inasmuch_as no very precise ideas
were_entertained of the identity of the_“sulphur” which conferred_on
the substances containing it as