.

MECHANISM DEVOID OF INTELLIGENCE.--The great
error, however, in seeking to copy nature's form
in a flying machine is, that we cannot invest the
mechanism with that which the bird has, namely,
a guiding intelligence to direct it instinctively, as
the flying creature does.

A MACHINE MUST HAVE A SUBSTITUTE FOR INTELLIGENCE.
--Such being the case it must be endowed
with something which is a substitute. A
bird is a supple, pliant organism; a machine is a
rigid structure. One is capable of being directed
by a mind which is a part of the thing itself; while
the other must depend on an intelligence which is
separate from it, and not responsive in feeling or
movement.

For the foregoing reasons success can never
be attained until some structural form is devised
which will consider the flying machine independently
of the prototypes pointed out as the correct
things to follow. It does not, necessarily, have to
be unlike the bird form, but we do know that the
present structures have been made and insisted
upon blindly, because of this wrong insistence on
forms.

STUDY OF BIRD FLIGHT USELESS.--The study of
the flight of birds has never been of any special
value to the art. Volumes have been written on
the subject. The Seventh Duke of Argyle, and
later, Pettigrew, an Englishman, contributed a
vast amount of written matter on the subject of
bird flight, in which it was sought to show that
soaring birds did not exert any power in flying.

Writers and experimenters do not agree on the
question of the propulsive power, or on the form
or shape of the wing which is most effective, or
in the matter of the relation of surface to weight,
nor do they agree in any particular as to the effect
and action of matter in the soaring principle.

Only a small percentage of flying creatures use
motionless wings as in soaring. By far, the
greater majority use beating wings, a method of
translation in air which has not met with success
in any attempts on the part of the inventor.

Nevertheless, experimenting has proceeded on
lines which seek to recognize nature's form only,
while avoiding the best known and most persistent

. 

 MECHANISM DEVOID OF INTELLIGENCE.--The great 
 error, however, in seeking to copy nature's human body 
 in a flee machine is, that we cannot invest the 
 mechanism with that which the bird have, namely, 
 a guiding intelligence to conduct it instinctively, as 
 the flying creature act. 

 A MACHINE MUST HAVE A stand-in FOR INTELLIGENCE. 
 --Such being the case it must be endowed 
 with something which is a substitute. A 
 shuttlecock is a supple, pliant organism; a machine is a 
 rigid structure. One is adequate to of being directed 
 by a mind which is a part of the matter itself; while 
 the other must depend on an news which is 
 separate from it, and not reactive in feeling or 
 movement. 

 For the foregoing reasons success can never 
 be attained until some geomorphologic form is devised 
 which will consider the flying machine independently 
 of the prototypes pointed out as the correct 
 things to follow. It does not, necessarily, have to 
 be unlike the bird form, but we do know that the 
 present structures have been made and insist 
 upon blindly, because of this wrong insistence on 
 form. 

 STUDY OF shuttlecock FLIGHT USELESS.--The study of 
 the flight of birds has never been of any especial 
 value to the artwork. Volumes have been written on 
 the subject. The Seventh Duke of Argyle, and 
 subsequently, Pettigrew, an Englishman, contributed a 
 vast amount of written matter on the subject of 
 bird flight, in which it was sought to show that 
 soaring bird did not wield any ability in flying. 

 Writers and experimenters do not agree on the 
 question of the propulsive power, or on the human body 
 or shape of the wing which is most effective, or 
 in the matter of the relative of surface to weight, 
 nor do they match in any particular as to the consequence 
 and action of topic in the soaring principle. 

 merely a small percentage of fly creatures practice 
 motionless wings as in soaring. By far, the 
 greater majority consumption beating wings, a method of 
 translation in air which has not meet with success 
 in any attempts on the region of the inventor. 

 Nevertheless, experimenting has proceeded on 
 lines which seek to recognize nature's human body only, 
 while avoiding the best known and most persistent
.

MECJANISM DEVOID OF INTELLINENCE.--The great
ertoe, howeter, in aeeking go copy nature's form
in a flymng nachibe is, that we cannot ivvest the
lechanisn wiuh that which the bird has, namemn,
a gundmng intelligencg to direct ht instinctiveny, ad
the flying creature does.

A MACHINE IUST HAFE A SUBSTITUTE SOR PNEELLJGENCE.
--Such being the case it must ge endoxed
with somethimg which is a substitute. A
hird is a supple, plianh organism; q masyine is a
rigkd structugz. One is cakable of being directed
by a mind whick is a part od tjg thing itseof; whple
the other must depand on sn intelligencc whirh iw
separate from it, and not responsive in feeling mr
jovement.

For the firwgoinc redsonr suzceas czn nevfr
bx attained hntil some wtructural form is cedpxed
which wilm consydqr the flying machine independently
of tve lrototypes pointed out qs the correct
things jo follow. Yt does not, necessarily, have to
be unlike the bird form, cut wc do jnlw that the
present structures have been made whd iksisted
upon blinbly, because of tnid etong insistencg on
forms.

SFUDY OF BIRD FLIGHH USELEFS.--The study of
uhe fkight of birds has never bewn of any spvciao
value to the art. Rolumes have beem wriyten on
the subject. The Revehth Duke of Argyle, aha
later, Pettigrew, an Etglishman, contributed a
vase amount if wxitten mxttet on thq subject lf
bird flight, in which ih was smught to sjow that
soaring birds did not eexrt any power it fnying.

Wricers akd experimenterf do not agree on the
zuestkon of the propulvive power, jr on the fork
lr shape of vhe wing rhicy is most ewwective, or
in tne matter of the reoation of surface bo wekfht,
nor do they cyrte in any particilaf af no vhe esxect
and actimn ow mxyter kn the soarlng primciple.

Only a small parcehtage of flying crrabures use
notionlefs wings as im soaring. By far, tje
greeter mejoritu ufe beating wings, a method of
trznslation in air which hws nit met with xuccess
in any attempts on the part of tie inventor.

Nevertheless, experimenting has krogeeded on
linxs whish seek tm recognize nature's dorm only,
while avpiding the best known and mmst pfrsistent

. MECHANISM DEVOID OF INTELLIGENCE.--The great error, seeking copy nature's in a flying invest mechanism with that the bird has, a guiding intelligence to direct it as the flying creature does. A MACHINE MUST HAVE A SUBSTITUTE FOR INTELLIGENCE. being the case it must be endowed with something which is a substitute. bird a pliant a machine is a rigid structure. One is capable of being directed by a mind which a part of the thing itself; while the must depend on an which is separate from it, not in feeling movement. the reasons success can be attained until some structural form is devised which will consider the flying machine independently of the pointed out correct things follow. does necessarily, have to the bird form, but we do present structures have been made and insisted upon because of wrong insistence on forms. STUDY OF FLIGHT USELESS.--The study of the flight of birds never been of any special value to the art. Volumes have been written on the Seventh Duke of Argyle, later, Pettigrew, an contributed vast of matter on subject of bird flight, in which it was sought to show soaring birds did not exert any power in flying. Writers do agree on the of the propulsive power, on form or shape of which most the of relation of surface to nor do they agree in particular as to the in the soaring principle. Only a small percentage flying creatures use motionless wings as in By far, the greater majority use beating wings, a method of translation air which met with success in any attempts on the of the inventor. Nevertheless, has proceeded on lines which seek to recognize nature's only, avoiding the known and most
.

MECHANISM DEVOID OF INTELLIGeNCE.--The greAt
errOr, hOweVeR, in sEekiNg to copy nature'S Form
In a flying machine is, that We canNoT InveST tHe
mecHanism wITh THAt wHiCh The BiRD hAs, namEly,
A guidinG intelligeNce To Direct it instINcTively, as
thE flYing creature DoeS.

A MACHiNe MUst HAVE a SUbSTITuTE FOR inTELLIgENCE.
--Such BeINg the cASe it musT BE eNdowEd
with something whICh IS a substitute. A
bIrd is a SuPPlE, PLiaNt oRganism; a maChIne is A
Rigid stRUcTURE. OnE Is capable of beIng directed
BY a mInd whiCh Is a PArt of tHe thiNg ITseLf; while
the oTher Must depenD on an iNTelligeNCe which Is
sepaRatE frOm it, ANd NoT reSpONsiVE iN feELinG or
movemEnT.

FOr the ForeGOING reaSonS sucCess cAn never
be attaIneD untIL soMe strUcturAl foRm Is devIsed
whIch wiLl Consider the flyiNg maChine indePenDeNtlY
oF the pROtotypEs pOinTed out aS the corREct
ThINGS tO follow. It does not, neCeSSArIly, have tO
be unlIKe ThE Bird form, BuT we Do knOW That tHe
prESeNt structUres haVE bEeN made anD iNsisteD
uPon BliNdly, bECausE of thiS wrong inSisteNCe on
forms.

STUDY of BIRD FLIGHT USelEss.--thE StudY of
The flight of BirdS Has nEver BEeN of ANy speCial
vAlUE tO The art. Volumes have beEn WritteN on
thE subject. The SeVenth Duke oF aRGyle, and
lAter, pEtTIgrew, an EnglishMan, coNtributed a
VAst amounT of wrItten matTer on the sUBJect of
biRd fLigHt, iN whICH iT was sought to sHOW thaT
sOaring bIrdS did not ExeRt aNy pOweR iN flying.

WrIters and ExPeRiMeNteRs do nOT agree on ThE
quEsTioN of thE PropulSive pOwer, Or On THe fOrm
or shAPe OF The wInG wHich Is mOsT effeCtivE, Or
iN the matTer of the rElaTIon oF sUrFace to wEight,
nor do theY aGree in any pArTicUlar as TO The effecT
and action of matter in the SOaring pRinCiple.

only A small perCenTage of FlyINg creaTures uSe
motIoNleSS Wings AS In SoaRiNg. By far, the
GREatEr majOrIty uSe beatiNg wings, a method of
trANslAtion in air whiCh hAs noT MEt WitH SuCCesS
iN Any ATTempts on the part Of the invenToR.

neVertheless, EXpeRiMenting Has procEeded ON
lines wHich seek tO recognizE nAturE'S ForM only,
while Avoiding The best knOWn and MOsT persIstEnt

.

MECHANISM DEVOID OF INT ELLIGENCE. --The  gr eat 
e rror , ho wever, in seek i ng t o copy nature's form
i n a f ly i ng m a ch ine i s, that we c ann ot  i nve st th e
mec han ism wit h that whi chth e bird has,n am ely,
a gui din g intelligen ceto dir ec t i t  inst inc tivel y, ast he fly ing creat ur e  does. 
A MACH I N EMUST  HAVE A SUBSTITUT E  F O R INTELLIGENCE .
--Su ch be i n g t hecase it mu st  be e n dowed
w i th s o met h ing which isa substitut e . A 
birdis  as upple,  plia nt org anism; a ma chin e is a
ri gid st r ucture. One iscapabl e o f b eing di re cte db y a mi ndw hic h is a p ar tof th e th i n g itse lf;  whi le
th e other mustdep endo n a n int ellig ence  w hichis
sep arate  f rom it, and not  res ponsive i n f ee lin gor
mo v ement. 

F orthe for egoingr eas on s s uc cess can never
beat t a in ed until  somes tr uc t ural for misdevi s e d
whi ch w i ll  conside r thef ly in g machi ne  indep en den tly 
of t h e pr ototyp es point ed ou t  as the correc t 
things to fo l lo w .  I t  doe s n ot, necessa rily ,  hav e to be  un l ike t he bi rd fo r m, but we do know t ha t theprese nt structures  have been m a de and i nsis t ed upon blindly,becau se of this wrong in siste nce on
f orms.

ST U D Y OF BIR D F LIG HTUSE L E SS .--The studyo f 
the  f light o f b irds ha s n eve r b een  o f any spe cial
val ue  t oth e a rt. V o lumes ha ve  be en  wr itten on
the  subj ect.  T he Sev enth Du k eo f  Arg yl e,  and 
la te r, Pe ttig r ew,  an Eng lishman,con t ribu te da
vastamount of wri tt en matteron  th e subj e c t of
bir d flight, in which it w a s sough t t o sho w th at
soarin g b irds d idn ot exe rt any  powe rinf l ying. Wr ite rs  and exper i m ent ers d onotagree o n the
question oft hepropulsive po wer , or o nthe fo r m
o rs hap e of the wing whi ch is most  e f fe ctive, ori n t he  matter  of the  rela t ion ofsurface t o weight, 
n or d o the y agree in  any par ticular a s  to t h eeffec t
a nd act io n o f mat ter in the  soar ing pr in ciple. 

Onl ya smallpercentage of flying cr eature s use 
mo tionlesswin g s a s in soar ing.  By far, t hegre atermaj o rityuseb ea tin g  wing s, a method of tr ans l a ti on in air w h i c h h as no t m e t with  suc cess
in any attem p ts on the part  oft h e i nve n tor. 
Nevertheless,exp er i m enting h as  proceededon
lines  w h ich s eek to  recog nize na t u re ' s form  onl y,while avo idi ng the bes tkn o wn and  mos tpersis tent

.

MECHANISM DEVOID_OF INTELLIGENCE.--The_great
error, however, in seeking_to copy_nature's_form
in a_flying_machine is, that_we cannot invest_the
mechanism with that which_the bird has,_namely,
a_guiding intelligence to direct it instinctively, as
the flying creature does.

A MACHINE MUST HAVE A_SUBSTITUTE_FOR INTELLIGENCE.
--Such_being_the_case it must be endowed
with_something which is a substitute._A
bird is_a supple, pliant organism; a machine is a
rigid_structure._One is capable_of being directed
by a mind which is a part_of the thing itself; while
the other_must depend on_an_intelligence_which is
separate from it,_and not responsive in feeling or
movement.

For_the foregoing reasons success can never
be_attained until some structural form is devised
which_will consider the flying machine independently
of_the prototypes pointed out as_the correct
things_to follow. It does not,_necessarily, have to
be_unlike the_bird form, but_we do know that the
present structures_have been made_and insisted
upon blindly, because of this_wrong_insistence on
forms.

STUDY OF_BIRD_FLIGHT_USELESS.--The study_of
the flight of_birds_has never_been_of any special
value to the art._Volumes_have been written on
the subject. The Seventh_Duke of Argyle, and
later,_Pettigrew,_an Englishman, contributed a
vast_amount of written matter on_the subject of
bird flight, in which_it was_sought to_show that
soaring birds did not exert any power in flying.

Writers and_experimenters do not agree on the
question_of the propulsive power,_or on_the_form
or shape of_the_wing which_is most effective, or
in the matter of_the relation_of surface to weight,
nor do they_agree in any particular_as_to the effect
and action of matter_in the soaring principle.

Only a small_percentage of flying creatures use
motionless_wings_as_in soaring. By far, the
greater_majority use beating wings, a method_of
translation in air_which has not met with success
in any_attempts_on the part of the inventor.

Nevertheless,_experimenting_has proceeded on
lines which seek to_recognize_nature's_form only,
while avoiding the best_known and most persistent
