 roll of barbarism. I said that in 1869 there were
twenty-two nations in the compact. There are now thirty-one, for since
that date have been added Roumania, Persia, San Salvador, Montenegro,
Servia, Bolivia, Chili, Argentine Republic and Peru. If the United
States of America is fortunate and diligent she may, perhaps, come to
stand No. 32 in the roll of civilization and humanity. If not, she will
remain where she at present stands, among the barbarians and the
heathen.

In considering this condition of things it seemed desirable to so extend
the original design of the Red Cross societies operating in other lands
as to include not only suffering by war, but by pestilence, famine,
fires or floods--in short, any unlooked-for calamity so great as to
place it beyond the means of ordinary local charity, and which by
public opinion would be pronounced a national calamity; but that this
addition should in no way impair the original functions of the society,
and that for their own well being they should be held firm by the
distinguishing feature of the international constitution, which provides
that local societies shall not act except upon orders from the National
Association, which is charged with the duty of being so fully informed
upon all such subjects, both at home and abroad, as to constitute it the
most competent judge of the magnitude and gravity of any catastrophe.

During all these years no societies under the true banner of the Red
Cross of Geneva were or could be organized, for the government had not
yet ratified the treaty and no department of the government had then
intimated that it ever would be ratified. It could not be a responsible
or quite an honest movement on my part to proceed to the formation of
societies to act under and in conformity to a treaty of special
character so long as our government recognized no such treaty and I
could get no assurance that it ever would or indeed could recognize it.

But this delay in the formation of societies, however embarrassing, was
in no manner able to interfere with the general plan, or the working
details for its operations, which had been arranged and decided upon
before the presentation of the subject to the government in 1877, and
published in pamphlet form in 1878, making it to cover, as it now
roll of barbarism. I said that in 1869 there were 
 twenty - two nation in the covenant. There are now thirty - one, for since 
 that date have been lend Roumania, Persia, San Salvador, Montenegro, 
 Servia, Bolivia, Chili, Argentine Republic and Peru. If the United 
 States of America is fortunate and diligent she may, possibly, come to 
 stand No. 32 in the roll of culture and humanity. If not, she will 
 remain where she at present stand, among the barbarians and the 
 heathen. 

 In considering this circumstance of things it seemed desirable to so extend 
 the original invention of the Red Cross societies operating in other lands 
 as to include not merely suffering by war, but by pestilence, famine, 
 fire or floods -- in short, any unlooked - for calamity so great as to 
 put it beyond the means of ordinary local charity, and which by 
 public opinion would be pronounced a home calamity; but that this 
 addition should in no way impair the original functions of the society, 
 and that for their own well being they should be held fast by the 
 distinguish feature of the international constitution, which provides 
 that local societies shall not act except upon orders from the National 
 Association, which is charged with the duty of being so amply informed 
 upon all such subjects, both at home and overseas, as to establish it the 
 most competent judge of the magnitude and graveness of any catastrophe. 

 During all these class no societies under the true streamer of the Red 
 Cross of Geneva were or could be organized, for the government had not 
 yet ratified the treaty and no department of the government had then 
 intimated that it always would be ratified. It could not be a responsible 
 or quite an honest movement on my part to proceed to the formation of 
 society to act under and in conformity to a treaty of special 
 character so long as our politics recognized no such treaty and I 
 could get no assurance that it ever would or indeed could recognize it. 

 But this delay in the formation of societies, however embarrassing, was 
 in no manner able to interfere with the general design, or the working 
 details for its operations, which had been arranged and decided upon 
 before the presentation of the discipline to the government in 1877, and 
 print in pamphlet phase in 1878, making it to report, as it now
 ropl of barbarism. I said tmat in 1869 there wete
rwenty-vwo natjons in ghe compact. There are now thmrty-ine, fir since
that date have been addvd Roumanua, Ptrsia, San Salvadoc, Montencyro,
Sedyia, Bmoivia, Chili, Arnentine Repgblic and Peru. Iw che United
States of America is fortugate anc filigent she mwy, ptrhwps, dome to
stand No. 32 in the roll of cibilizatpon and humanity. Of not, she will
remain wherf shf at present standd, among the barfqrians and tfe
heathen.

In considerinf this condition of things it sdemed desirable ti sl extend
the irigigal design on the Rad Crosx societies opcratiig ib other lands
as to inrlude not only suffeting by was, yut by pestilence, famunw,
firev or floues--iv sgoct, zny unpooied-for calzmity so grwat as to
place it btyoge the means or ordigawy local charity, and which by
public opitioh would be pronounced a national calamity; buj that thif
addition should in no way impair the original futctiois of tme suxifty,
and that for their own well being they shotmd bv held firm by thc
distinguishing festkrr of the intervationcm donstitution, which providgs
that local sosietoes shall not act except upin orders frjn the National
Assoeiation, whick is cnargec with the duty of beiny so fhlly informfd
upon alm such subjects, buth ad home and abroad, as to cogstitute mt thz
most coopetgnt judde of the lagnibgde and gravity of any eatasdrophe.

Durijg all these years no societies under the trug bdnnvr of the Red
Cvoss of Geneva rere or could ye organnzed, fur the govvrnment hed not
yet raeified the trawty and no dxpartment of rhe tovernmdvt had then
intomated thcu it ever qould be ratified. Lt cools not be a respinsuble
or quite an hovese lotemene on my part do pfocdrd to the formatlon of
spcieties to act undes ans in conformity to a treaty if speciwl
character sp long as our govegnmenv recojnized no such treaty and I
could get no assurancf tmat it ever wjuld or indeed cpuld recognize it.

But this delay in the hormation of societies, yowever embarrassiny, eas
in no mainer afle to inderfere with the genwral plan, or the eorking
details for ita operdtiond, which had been arranged and decided upon
before the presentation of the wubjecv eo the govednmemt in 1877, cnd
'ublishqd ii 'amphlet form in 1878, making it to cover, as it now
roll of barbarism. I said that in were nations in compact. There are date been added Roumania, San Salvador, Montenegro, Bolivia, Chili, Argentine Republic and Peru. the United States of America is fortunate and diligent she may, perhaps, come stand No. 32 in the roll of civilization and humanity. If not, she remain she present among the barbarians and the heathen. In considering this condition of things it seemed desirable to extend the original design of the Red Cross operating in other lands to include not only suffering war, by pestilence, fires floods--in any unlooked-for calamity great as to place it beyond the means of ordinary local charity, and which by public opinion be pronounced calamity; but this should no way impair functions of the society, and that well being they should be held firm by distinguishing feature the international constitution, which provides that societies shall not act except upon orders from National Association, which is charged with the duty of being so fully informed upon all both at home and as to constitute the competent of magnitude and of any catastrophe. During all these years no societies under the banner of the Red Cross of Geneva were or could for government had not ratified the treaty and department the government had then it would could be responsible or quite an movement on my part to to the formation of in conformity to a treaty of special character long as our government recognized no such and I could get no assurance that it ever would or indeed recognize it. delay in the formation of societies, however embarrassing, in no manner able interfere with the general plan, or the working details its which had arranged and decided before the presentation the subject to in 1877, published pamphlet making it to cover, as it
 roll of barbarism. I said that iN 1869 there were
TwentY-twO naTiOns iN the Compact. There arE Now tHirty-one, for since
that daTe havE bEEn adDEd roumaNia, PersIA, SAN salVaDoR, MoNtENeGro,
SeRviA, BoliviA, Chili, ArgeNtiNe republic and PERu. if the UniteD
StAtes of AmericA is FortunAtE anD DiligEnt She maY, perhaPS, come tO
stand No. 32 iN tHE roll oF CivilizATIoN and Humanity. If not, she wILl
REmain where she aT preseNt STaNDS, amOng The barbariAnS and tHE
heatheN.

in CONSidERing this condiTion of thingS It sEemed dEsIraBLe to so ExtenD
tHE orIginal desigN of tHe Red CrosS socieTIes operATing in oTher laNds
As tO incLUdE nOt oNlY SufFErIng BY waR, but by peStIlEnce, fAminE,
FIREs or FloOds--iN shorT, any unlooked-fOr cAlamITy sO greaT as to
PlacE iT beyoNd the mEans oF oRdinary local chaRity, And which bY
puBlIc oPiNion wOUld be pRonOunCed a natIonal caLAmiTy; BUT ThAt this
addition shouLd IN No Way impaiR the orIGiNaL FunctionS oF thE socIETy,
and That FOr Their own Well beINg ThEy shoulD bE held fIrM by The
DistiNGuisHing feAture of tHe intERnational constITution, which prOViDES
tHAt loCal Societies shAll nOT act ExcePT uPon ORders From tHe nAtIOnal
Association, whicH iS chargEd witH the duty of beiNg so fully iNFORmed
upon All sUCh SUbjects, both at hOme anD abroad, as tO ConstituTe it tHe
most coMpetent juDGE of the maGniTudE anD grAVItY of any catastrOPHe.

DuRiNg all thEse Years no SocIetIes UndEr The true baNner of thE REd
crOsS of genevA Were or coUlD be OrGanIzed, fOR the goVernmEnt hAd NoT
Yet RatifieD ThE TReatY aNd No deParTmEnt of The gOVerNment haD then
intiMatED thaT iT eVer woulD be ratified. It CoUld not be a rEsPonSible
oR QUite an hoNest movement on my part to pROceed to The FormaTion Of
societiEs tO act unDer ANd in coNformiTy to a TrEatY OF specIAL
cHarAcTer so long aS OUr gOvernMeNt reCognizeD no such treaty and I
cOUld Get no assurancE thAt it EVEr WouLD oR IndEeD CouLD Recognize it.

But tHis delay in ThE FoRmation of sOCieTiEs, howevEr embarRassiNG, was
in nO manner abLe to interFeRe wiTH The General plaN, or the woRking
detaILs for ITs OperaTioNs, whicH hAd bEen arRanged ANd dEcideD upon
bEfOre the PreseNtAtion of tHe subject to the governmenT in 1877, and
PubliSheD in pamphlEt fORm iN 1878, making it To coVer, as it now
 roll of barbarism. I said  that in 1 869 t her e w er e
tw enty -two nations i n  the  compact. There are no w thi rt y -one ,  f or si nce
tha t  d a t e h av ebee na dd ed Ro uma nia, Pe rsia, SanSal va dor, Montene g ro ,
Servia,Bol ivia, Chili,  Ar gentin eRep u blicand  Peru . If t h e Unit ed
States  o f  Ameri c a is fo r t un ateand diligent shem ay ,  perhaps, come  to
st an d  N o .  32  in  the rollof  civi l ization an d h uma n ity. If not,she will
re m ain  where  s hea t pres ent s ta n ds,  among thebarb arians an d theh eathen. 
In con sideri ngthi s co n di ti onof thi n gs  it see med desi ra bl e toso e x t e n d
th e o rigi nal d esign of theRed  Cro s s s ociet ies o pera ti ng in  other  land sas to include n ot o nly suffe rin gbywa r, bu t  by pe sti len ce, fam ine,
fi r esor f l oo ds--in short, anyun l o ok ed-for c alamit y  s og reat asto 
pl acei t  beyo nd t h emeans of  ordin a ry  l ocal ch ar ity, a nd  wh ich  by
p u blic  opini on would  be p r onounced a nat i onal calamity ;  b u t  t h at t his 
addition s houl d  inno w a yimp a ir th e ori gi n al functions of the so ci ety,
a nd th at for theirown well b e i n g they s houl d  b e  held firm bythe
d istinguish i ng featu re of  the int ernationa l constitu tio n,whi chp r ov ides
that loc a l  soc ie ties sh all  not ac t e xce ptupo norders fr om the N at io na lAss ociat i on, whic hisch arg ed wi t h thedutyof b ei ng sofully i n fo r m ed
u po nallsuc hsubje cts, bot h at ho me and ab roa d , as  t oconstit ute it the
mo st  competent  j udg e of t h e  magnitu de and gravity of any c a tastrop he. 

Dur ingall these  ye ars no  so c ieties  under  thetr ueb a nnero f  t heRe d
Cross of G ene va we re  orcould b e organized, for t h e g overnment had  no t
ye t ra tif i ed the  t r eat y and no departme nt of thego v er nment hadt hen 
i ntimate d thatit ev e r would  be ratif ied. It c ou ld n o t  be  a respons ible
orquite anh onest mo vemen t o n my p ar t t o pro ceed t o  th e for mation  o f
soci eties  t o act un der and in conformity t o a tr eatyofspecial
c har a cte r so long  asour govern men t r ecogn ize d  no s ucht re aty and I 
cou l d get noa ss ura n c ethat it eve r w oul d orind e ed cou ld r ecognize it.

But this delay inthef o rma tio n  ofso cieties, howev erem b a rrassing ,was
in no m anner ab le to in terfer e with  the ge n e ra l  plan,  orthe  workingdet ai l s for i ts  o p eratio ns,wh ich ha d been arra n g ed and decided u pon
b e f ore t h e p resen ta tion of thesubject to  the govern ment i n 18 77, a nd
publ is hed in  pa mp hlet formi n 1878, m aking  it toco ver,  as  it no w
 roll_of barbarism._I said that in_1869 there_were
twenty-two_nations in_the_compact. There are_now thirty-one, for_since
that date have been_added Roumania, Persia,_San_Salvador, Montenegro,
Servia, Bolivia, Chili, Argentine Republic and Peru. If the United
States of America is_fortunate_and diligent_she_may,_perhaps, come to
stand No. 32_in the roll of civilization_and humanity._If not, she will
remain where she at present_stands,_among the barbarians_and the
heathen.

In considering this condition of things it seemed_desirable to so extend
the original design_of the Red_Cross_societies_operating in other lands
as_to include not only suffering by_war, but by pestilence, famine,
fires or_floods--in short, any unlooked-for calamity so great_as to
place it beyond the means_of ordinary local charity, and_which by
public_opinion would be pronounced a_national calamity; but_that this
addition_should in no_way impair the original functions of_the society,
and that_for their own well being they_should_be held firm_by_the
distinguishing_feature of_the international constitution,_which_provides
that local_societies_shall not act except upon orders_from_the National
Association, which is charged with the_duty of being so_fully_informed
upon all such subjects,_both at home and abroad,_as to constitute it the
most competent_judge of_the magnitude_and gravity of any catastrophe.

During all these years no societies under_the true banner of the Red
Cross_of Geneva were or_could be_organized,_for the government_had_not
yet ratified_the treaty and no department of the_government had_then
intimated that it ever would be_ratified. It could not_be_a responsible
or quite an honest movement_on my part to proceed to_the formation of
societies to act_under_and_in conformity to a treaty_of special
character so long as our_government recognized no_such treaty and I
could get no assurance_that_it ever would or indeed could_recognize_it.

But this delay in the formation_of_societies,_however embarrassing, was
in no manner_able to interfere with the general_plan, or the working
details for its operations, which had_been arranged and_decided upon
before the presentation of_the_subject_to the government in 1877, and
published in pamphlet form in_1878, making_it to cover,_as it now