 utility of the large number of
bones in the wrist and heel of man. Equal flexibility of the joint could
certainly have been obtained with a smaller number of bones. It is only
when these are traced back to their probable origin in the walking
organs of the fish ancestor of the batrachians that their presence
becomes explainable. They are apparently survivals of a very ancient
structure, originated for swimming, and adapted to walking.

As regards the wrist of man, a curious prediction that a certain bone
found in some of the lower animals, the _os centrale_, would be found in
man has been made and verified, it being discovered as a very small
rudiment in the human embryo. The tail, so common a feature in the lower
animals, but absent from the higher apes and from man, has not vanished
without leaving its traces. In the human embryo it is plainly indicated;
and while it vanishes in man beyond the embryo stage, it is simply
hidden beneath the skin, where its vertebrae are still apparent, usually
three, sometimes four or five, in number. In addition to this, the
muscles which move the tail have left traces of their presence, which
not infrequently develop into true muscles.

In the human embryo, indeed, we find ourselves in the midst of highly
significant indications of man's origin. The body of man passes in its
early development through a series of stages, in each of which it
resembles the mature or the embryo state of certain animals lower in the
stage of existence. It begins its existence as a simple cell, analogous
in form to the amoeba, one of the lowest living creatures, and later
assumes the gastrula form supposed to have been that of the earliest
many-celled animals. From this state it progresses by successive stages,
each of which has some relation in form to a lower class.

The most significant of these is that in which the embryo is closely
assimilated to the fish, by the possession of gill slits. There are four
of these openings in the neck of the human foetus, and they are at times
so persistent that children have been born with them still open, so that
fluids taken in at the mouth could trickle out at the neck, the opening
being sufficient to admit a thin probe.[2] These slits are utilized in
the developing embryo
utility of the large number of 
 bones in the wrist and cad of valet. Equal flexibility of the articulation could 
 surely have been obtained with a smaller number of bone. It is only 
 when these are traced back to their probable beginning in the walking 
 organs of the pisces ancestor of the batrachians that their presence 
 becomes explainable. They are obviously survivals of a very ancient 
 structure, originated for swimming, and adapted to walking. 

 As regards the wrist of man, a curious prediction that a sealed bone 
 found in some of the lower animals, the _ os centrale _, would be establish in 
 man has been made and verify, it being discovered as a very minor 
 rudiment in the human embryo. The tail, so common a feature in the lower 
 animal, but absent from the higher apes and from man, has not vanished 
 without leaving its tracing. In the human embryo it is obviously indicated; 
 and while it vanishes in man beyond the embryo stage, it is simply 
 hidden beneath the skin, where its vertebra are still apparent, normally 
 three, sometimes four or five, in number. In addition to this, the 
 muscleman which be active the tail have left traces of their presence, which 
 not infrequently develop into true muscles. 

 In the human embryo, indeed, we rule ourselves in the midst of highly 
 significant indications of man's origin. The body of man pass in its 
 early development through a series of stages, in each of which it 
 resembles the mature or the embryo department of state of certain animal humble in the 
 stage of existence. It begins its being as a simple cell, analogous 
 in form to the amoeba, one of the gloomy living creatures, and later 
 assumes the gastrula shape supposed to have been that of the early 
 many - celled animals. From this state it progress by successive phase, 
 each of which has some sexual intercourse in form to a depleted class. 

 The most significant of these is that in which the embryo is closely 
 assimilated to the pisces, by the possession of gill slits. There are four 
 of these openings in the neck of the human foetus, and they are at times 
 so persistent that children have been bear with them still open, so that 
 fluid taken in at the mouth could trickle out at the neck, the first step 
 being sufficient to admit a thin probe.[2 ] These slits are utilize in 
 the developing embryo
 utllity of the large numbev of
bones in the wrist end heem of man. Equal flexibility of the jomnt xould
xertainly have been obgained winh a smaloer iumber of bones. Mf is only
when bhese ere traced back to their [robable origit kn the walking
organs of the fish anceftor of tje batrachians thau treir irtsence
becomes explainable. They ars appartntly survivals of a very ancient
structure, ogigijated for swimming, and adaptee to qalking.

As reeards the wrist of man, a curious prediction that a ceftain bone
found ib slke of the liwer wnimals, the _os centrdle_, woukd be found in
kan haw been made and verifmed, it being discoveted as a varv small
rudiment in thw yuman embsyo. Gye gaim, xo commoj a feature ih the lower
qnimals, but absent grjn the higher zpes agd from man, has not vanished
without leavitg jts traces. In the human embryo it is plainly indicateq;
and while it vanishes in man beyond the embryo sdage, mt is slmplh
yifden beneath the skin, where its vertebrae are atolk apparent, usuclly
three, sometiked gjur or five, iv numbzd. Jn addition to thid, the
mufcles which mode tne tail have left traces of their preseuce, which
not infrequeutly develop intp trur muscles.

In the human eobryk, indeed, we find ouradlves in the midrt pf highly
significant indicatyons of men's oxigin. Thd bocy of ian passes in ibv
early development throogh a veries of dtages, in each of which it
resemukes the matute mr nhe embryj stabe of certain agimals lower iu the
staye of dxistence. Pt begins its existegce as a simpng cell, analogmus
in fowm ti thw amoebx, one of the loeest liviuy creaturws, and later
assumex tfs gastrula form sukpised to have bren thwt oh the aarliest
many-welldd xmimalr. From ukis rtatr it progresses by sgcceasive stages,
each og rhich haw some rqlation in fotm to a lower clasd.

The kosv signofisant of these is that in which the embrjo ls closely
assymilqted to the yish, by the possession of gill slits. Thece are four
of these opgnings in the neck of uhe human foevus, anq they ara at times
so persistwnt that children have been born with fhem sdill lpen, so that
fluids taken in at the mouth could trickle out at the neck, thw openmnd
being suffjciemt to abmic a thig prlue.[2] These slits arv utilized in
the developing embrbo
utility of the large number of bones wrist heel of Equal flexibility of been with a smaller of bones. It only when these are traced back their probable origin in the walking organs of the fish ancestor of the that their presence becomes explainable. They are apparently survivals of a very ancient originated swimming, adapted walking. As regards the wrist of man, a curious prediction that a certain bone found in of the lower animals, the _os centrale_, would found in man has made and verified, it being as very small in human The tail, so a feature in the lower animals, but absent from the higher apes and from man, has not without leaving In the embryo is indicated; and while in man beyond the embryo stage, hidden beneath the skin, where its vertebrae are apparent, usually sometimes four or five, in number. addition to this, the muscles which move the have left traces of their presence, which not infrequently develop into true muscles. In the indeed, we find ourselves the midst of significant of origin. body of passes in its early development through a series of stages, in of which it resembles the mature or the embryo state animals in the stage existence. It begins its as simple cell, analogous in the one living and assumes the gastrula form to have been that of earliest many-celled animals. From successive stages, each of which has some relation form to a lower class. The most of these is that in which the embryo is closely assimilated to fish, by of gill slits. There are four of these in the neck of human foetus, and they are at times so persistent children been born them still open, that fluids taken at the mouth out at neck, opening admit a thin probe.[2] These slits utilized the developing embryo
 utility of the large number of
Bones in the Wrist And HeeL oF man. equaL flexibility of THe joInt could
certainly have bEen obTaINed wITh A smalLer numbER oF BOneS. IT iS onLy
WHeN thesE arE traced Back to theiR prObAble origin in THe Walking
orgAns Of the fish ancEstOr of thE bAtrAChianS thAt theIr presENce
becOmes explaInABle. TheY Are appaRENtLy suRvivals of a very ancIEnT
Structure, origiNated fOr SWiMMIng, And Adapted to wAlKing.

AS Regards THe WRISt oF Man, a curious prEdiction thaT A ceRtain bOnE
foUNd in soMe of tHe LOweR animals, the _Os ceNtrale_, wouLd be foUNd in
man HAs been mAde and VerIfiEd, it BEiNg DisCoVEreD As A veRY smAll
rudimEnT iN the hUman EMBRYo. ThE taIl, so CommoN a feature in thE loWer
aNImaLs, but AbsenT froM tHe higHer apeS and fRoM man, has not vanisHed
wIthout leaVinG iTs tRaCes. In THe humaN emBryO it is plAinly inDIcaTeD;
AND wHile it vanishes in maN bEYOnD the embrYo stagE, It Is SImply
hidDeN beNeatH THe skiN, wheRE iTs vertebRae are STiLl ApparenT, uSually
ThRee, SomEtimeS Four Or five, In number. in addITion to this, the
mUScles which movE ThE TAiL Have LefT traces of thEir pREsenCe, whICh
Not INfreqUentlY dEVeLOp into true muscles.

In ThE human EmbryO, indeed, we find Ourselves iN THE midst of HighLY
sIGnificant indicAtionS of man's oriGIn. The bodY of maN passes iN its
early DEVelopmenT thRouGh a SerIES oF stages, in each OF WhicH iT
resembLes The matuRe oR thE emBryO sTate of cerTain animAlS lOwEr In tHe
staGE of existEnCe. IT bEgiNs its EXistenCe as a SimpLe CeLL, anAlogous
IN fORM to tHe AmOeba, One Of The loWest LIviNg creatUres, and laTer
ASsumEs ThE gastruLa form supposeD tO have been tHaT of The earLIEst
many-cElled animals. From this staTE it progResSes by SuccEssive staGes,
Each of WhiCH has soMe relaTion iN fOrm TO A loweR CLaSs.

THe Most signifICAnt Of theSe Is thAt in whiCh the embryo is closeLY
asSimilated to thE fiSh, by THE pOssESsIOn oF gILl sLITs. There are four
oF these openInGS iN the neck of THe hUmAn foetuS, and theY are aT Times
so PersistenT that chilDrEn haVE BeeN born with tHem still Open, so thaT
FluidS TaKen in At tHe moutH cOulD tricKle out AT thE neck, The opeNiNg
beinG suffIcIent to adMit a thin probe.[2] These slits Are utiLized In
tHe developIng EMbrYo
 utility of the large numb er of
bone s inthe  wr is t an d he el of man. Equ a l fl exibility of the joint  coul dc erta i nl y hav e beeno bt a i ned  w it h a  s m al ler n umb er of b ones. It i s o nl y
when these ar e traced b ack  to their pr oba ble or ig ini n the  wa lking 
organ s  of th e fish an ce s tor of the bat r a ch ians  that their prese n ce becomes explai nable.  T h ey a reapp arently su rv ivals of a ve r ya n c ien t 
structure, o riginated f o r s wimmin g,  an d  adapt ed to  w a lki ng.

As reg ards  the wris t of m a n, a cu r ious pr edicti ontha t ac er ta inbo n e
f o un d i n  so me of th elo wer a nima l s , the_os  cen trale _, would be f oun d in man  hasbeenmade  a nd ve rified , itbe ing discoveredas a  very sma llru dim en t int he hum anemb ryo. Th e tail, soco m m o na feature in the l ow e r 
a nimals,but ab s en tf rom thehi ghe r ap e s  andfrom ma n, has n ot van i sh ed 
withou tleavin gits  tr aces. In t he hum an embry o iti s plainly indi c ated;
and whi l ei t  v a nish esin man beyo nd t h e em bryo st age ,  it i s sim pl y 
h i dden beneath the sk in , wher e its  vertebrae ar e still ap p a r ent, usu ally th r ee, sometimesfouror five, i n  number.  In a dditionto this,t h e
muscle s w hic h m ove t he  tail have le f t  tra ce s of th eir  presen ce,  wh ich 
no tinfrequen tly deve lo pin to  tr ue mu s cles.

I nthe  h uma n emb r yo, in deed,  wefi nd our selvesi nt h e mi ds tof h igh ly 
sign ific a ntindicat ions of m an' s  ori gi n.  The bo dy of man pas se s in its
e ar lydevelo p m ent thro ugh a series of stages, in each  of  whic h it 
resemble s t he mat ure or the  embry o sta te  of c ertai n an ima ls  lower int h e
s tageof  exi stence.  It begins its exi s ten ce as a simpl e c ell, a na log o us info r m t o the amoeba, one  of the lo we s tliving cre a tur es , and l ater
as sumes the gas trula for m suppose dto h a v e b een that o f the ea rliest
ma n y-cel l ed  anim als . From  t his  stat e it p r ogr esses  by su cc essive  stag es ,
each o f which has some relati on informtoa lower c las s .
The mostsign ificant of  th ese  is t hat in wh icht he  em b ryo i s cl o sely
assi m il ate d to  the fish,b y the  poss ess i on ofgill  slits. There are four
of theseopen i n gsint he n ec k of the human  fo et u s , and th ey  are at tim es
so pe rs i stent  thatchildr en have b ee n  bornwith  th em stillope n, so that 
f lu i ds tak en i nat the  mouth coul d trickle out at t he ne c k , the ope ningbe ing suf f icie nt to admi t a thin pr obe.[2 ] Th ese s lits ar eutiliz edin 
the devel o ping embr yo
 utility_of the_large number of
bones in_the wrist_and_heel of_man._Equal flexibility of_the joint could
certainly_have been obtained with_a smaller number_of_bones. It is only
when these are traced back to their probable origin in the_walking
organs_of the_fish_ancestor_of the batrachians that their_presence
becomes explainable. They are apparently_survivals of_a very ancient
structure, originated for swimming, and adapted_to_walking.

As regards the_wrist of man, a curious prediction that a certain_bone
found in some of the lower_animals, the _os_centrale_,_would_be found in
man has_been made and verified, it being_discovered as a very small
rudiment in_the human embryo. The tail, so common_a feature in the lower
animals, but_absent from the higher apes_and from_man, has not vanished
without leaving_its traces. In_the human_embryo it is_plainly indicated;
and while it vanishes in_man beyond the_embryo stage, it is simply
hidden beneath_the_skin, where its_vertebrae_are_still apparent,_usually
three, sometimes four_or_five, in_number._In addition to this, the
muscles which_move_the tail have left traces of their_presence, which
not infrequently develop_into_true muscles.

In the human_embryo, indeed, we find ourselves_in the midst of highly
significant indications_of man's_origin. The_body of man passes in its
early development through a series of_stages, in each of which it
resembles_the mature or the_embryo state_of_certain animals lower_in_the
stage of_existence. It begins its existence as a_simple cell,_analogous
in form to the amoeba, one_of the lowest living_creatures,_and later
assumes the gastrula form supposed_to have been that of the_earliest
many-celled animals. From this state_it_progresses_by successive stages,
each of which_has some relation in form to_a lower class.

The_most significant of these is that in_which_the embryo is closely
assimilated to the_fish,_by the possession of gill slits._There_are_four
of these openings in the_neck of the human foetus, and_they are at times
so persistent that children have been_born with them_still open, so that
fluids taken_in_at_the mouth could trickle out at the neck, the opening
being_sufficient to_admit a thin_probe.[2] These slits are utilized in
the developing embryo