 nearly the same is the apparent
colour of the upper surface of the skin. Neither can it be otherwise;
for the _Cuticle_, from its transparency, must necessarily transmit
the colour of the substance beneath it, in the same manner, though not
in the same degree, as the _cornea_ transmits the colour of the
_iris_ of the eye. This transparency is a matter of ocular
demonstration in white people. It is conspicuous in every blush; for no
one can imagine, that the cuticle becomes red, as often as this happens:
nor is it less discoverable in the veins, which are so easy to be
discerned; for no one can suppose, that the blue streaks, which he
constantly sees in the fairest complexions, are painted, as it were, on
the surface of the upper skin. From these, and a variety of other
observations[081], no maxim is more true in physiology, than that _on
the mucosum corpus depends the colour of the human body_; or, in
other words, that the _mucosum corpus_ being of a different colour
in different inhabitants of the globe, and appearing through the cuticle
or upper surface of the skin, gives them that various appearance, which
strikes us so forcibly in contemplating the human race.

As this can be incontrovertibly ascertained, it is evident, that
whatever causes cooperate in producing this different appearance, they
produce it by acting upon the _mucosum corpus_, which, from the
almost incredible manner in which the cuticle[082] is perforated, is as
accessible as the cuticle itself. These causes are probably those
various qualities of things, which, combined with the influence of the
sun, contribute to form what we call _climate_. For when any person
considers, that the mucous substance, before-mentioned, is found to vary
in its colour, as the _climates_ vary from the equator to the
poles, his mind must be instantly struck with the hypothesis, and he
must adopt it without any hesitation, as the genuine cause of the
phaenomenon.

This fact[083], _of the variation of the mucous substance according to
the situation of the place_, has been clearly ascertained in the
numerous anatomical experiments that have been made; in which, subjects
of
nearly the same is the apparent 
 colour of the upper surface of the hide. Neither can it be differently; 
 for the _ Cuticle _, from its transparency, must inevitably transmit 
 the color of the substance beneath it, in the same manner, though not 
 in the like academic degree, as the _ cornea _ transmits the colour of the 
 _ iris _ of the eye. This transparency is a matter of ocular 
 presentation in white people. It is conspicuous in every blush; for no 
 one can think, that the cuticle becomes crimson, as often as this happen: 
 nor is it less discoverable in the veins, which are so comfortable to be 
 discerned; for no one can suppose, that the gloomy streaks, which he 
 constantly see in the fairest complexions, are painted, as it were, on 
 the surface of the upper skin. From these, and a variety show of other 
 observations[081 ], no maxim is more true in physiology, than that _ on 
 the mucosum corpus depends the colour of the human body _; or, in 
 other words, that the _ mucosum corpus _ being of a different colour 
 in different inhabitants of the globe, and appearing through the cuticle 
 or upper surface of the skin, gives them that assorted appearance, which 
 strikes us so forcibly in chew over the human raceway. 

 As this can be incontrovertibly ascertained, it is evident, that 
 whatever cause cooperate in producing this different appearance, they 
 produce it by acting upon the _ mucosum corpus _, which, from the 
 about incredible manner in which the cuticle[082 ] is perforated, is as 
 accessible as the cuticle itself. These causes are probably those 
 various qualities of things, which, combined with the influence of the 
 sun, contribute to form what we shout _ climate _. For when any person 
 consider, that the mucous means, before - mentioned, is found to change 
 in its colour, as the _ climates _ vary from the equator to the 
 pole, his thinker must be instantly struck with the guess, and he 
 must adopt it without any hesitation, as the genuine cause of the 
 phaenomenon. 

 This fact[083 ], _ of the variation of the mucous kernel according to 
 the site of the place _, has been intelligibly ascertained in the 
 numerous anatomic experiments that have been made; in which, subjects 
 of
 newrly the same is the appxrent
colour of jhw uppec surfade of thd skin. Neither can it be othxrwiwe;
for the _Cuticle_, from its gransparejcy, must nectssarily transmit
vge colomx of fme suysvance beneath ij, in the sama manner, thougv voc
in the same degree, as the _cornea_ trwnsmits tje colour of tre
_irps_ of fhe eye. This transparency is a matfer of mcular
demonsttation in white people. It ls clnspicuous in everj blush; for no
ogw can imagind, that the cuticle beckmes red, as often as this happevs:
nor is it lesw eisfmverable in the neins, which avv so eavy to br
discerned; for no onw can suppose, that thx blue streaks, which he
constattmy sees in the faurwst cmmplaxiovw, afe kaiites, as ih wxre, on
the shrface of tye upper skin. From uhefv, and a variefy of jtrer
observations[081], no maxim is more true it pgysiology, than that _on
tye mucosum corpus depgnds the cjlour of the human body_; or, in
other words, that the _mucoajm eirpus_ velng of a different colour
in different inhabitwhtx pf the globe, akd appearing throubh tng cuticle
or upker suryzcs of the skin, gived them jhat vqrious apkearamce, which
strikes us so forcubly in contvmplqting the human raee.

As this cau be imconttovertibly ascertained, nt is svident, thah
whatever zauses cooperate in psoducing this different ap[earance, vhey
pxoduce ig by actind upon the _mucosum corpus_, which, frlm thg
almosd incredibpe manner in which the cuticle[082] mx perforated, iv av
accessiyle as the cuticle ytself. These ccuses arz probxbly those
narious qnalities of ehings, which, wlmbined with the infjuenxe od the
suv, contribute to form whan ce call _coimate_. For when ann perrkn
considers, thac uhw mucous substsncd, bqflrx-mentymned, is foung to vafu
in igs colour, aw the _climates_ vary from dhe squator to the
polex, mis mind nust be ynstantly strick with the hypotjesis, anv he
muxt wdopt it without any hesitatioh, as the henmine cause of the
ihaegomenon.

Thix fact[083], _of the variation of the mucous snbstance according to
thw situation of the klage_, has been rlearlr ascertahned in the
numerous qnatomical experikents that have been jade; it whifh, subjects
of
nearly the same is the apparent colour upper of the Neither can it from transparency, must necessarily the colour of substance beneath it, in the same though not in the same degree, as the _cornea_ transmits the colour of _iris_ of the eye. This transparency is a matter of ocular demonstration in people. is in blush; for no one can imagine, that the cuticle becomes red, as often as this happens: is it less discoverable in the veins, which so easy to be for no one can suppose, the streaks, which constantly in fairest complexions, are as it were, on the surface of the upper skin. From these, and a variety of other no maxim true in than _on mucosum corpus depends of the human body_; or, in the _mucosum corpus_ being of a different colour different inhabitants the globe, and appearing through the or upper surface of the skin, gives them various appearance, which strikes us so forcibly in contemplating the human race. As this can ascertained, it is evident, whatever causes cooperate producing different they it by upon the _mucosum corpus_, which, from the almost incredible manner in the cuticle[082] is perforated, is as accessible as the cuticle causes probably those various of things, which, combined the of the sun, contribute what call any considers, the mucous substance, before-mentioned, found to vary in its as the _climates_ vary poles, his mind must be instantly struck with hypothesis, and he must adopt it without hesitation, as the genuine cause of the phaenomenon. This fact[083], _of the of the according to the situation of the place_, has clearly ascertained in the anatomical experiments that have been made; in which, subjects
 nearly the same is the apparenT
colour of tHe uppEr sUrfAcE of tHe skIn. Neither can it BE othErwise;
for the _Cuticle_, froM its tRaNSparENcY, must NecessaRIlY TRanSmIt
The CoLOuR of thE suBstance Beneath it, iN thE sAme manner, thoUGh Not
in the saMe dEgree, as the _coRneA_ transMiTs tHE coloUr oF the
_iRis_ of tHE eye. ThIs transpaReNCy is a mATter of oCULaR
demOnstration in white PEoPLe. It is conspicuOus in eVeRY bLUSh; fOr nO
one can imaGiNe, thaT The cutiCLe BECOmeS Red, as often as tHis happens:
nOR is It less DiScoVErable In the VeINs, wHich are so eaSy to Be
discernEd; for nO One can sUPpose, thAt the bLue StrEaks, WHiCh He
cOnSTanTLy SeeS In tHe fairesT cOmPlexiOns, aRE PAInteD, as It weRe, on
tHe surface of thE upPer sKIn. FRom thEse, anD a vaRiEty of Other
oBservAtIons[081], no maxim is moRe trUe in physiOloGy, ThaN tHat _on
THe mucoSum CorPus depeNds the cOLouR oF THE hUman body_; or, in
other wOrDS, ThAt the _mucOsum coRPuS_ bEIng of a diFfEreNt coLOUr
in dIffeREnT inhabitAnts of THe GlObe, and aPpEaring ThRouGh tHe cutICle
oR upper Surface oF the sKIn, gives them thaT Various appearANcE, WHiCH
strIkeS us so forcibLy in COnteMplaTInG thE Human Race.

AS tHIs CAn be incontrovertiblY aScertaIned, iT is evident, thaT
whatever cAUSEs cooperAte iN PrODucing this diffErent Appearance, THey
produCe it bY acting uPon the _mucOSUm corpus_, WhiCh, fRom The
ALMoSt incredible mANNer iN wHich the CutIcle[082] is pErfOraTed, Is aS
aCcessible As the cutIcLe ItSeLf. THese cAUses are pRoBabLy ThoSe
varIOus quaLitieS of tHiNgS, WhiCh, combiNEd WITh thE iNfLuenCe oF tHe
sun, ContRIbuTe to forM what we caLl _cLImatE_. FOr When any Person
consideRs, That the mucOuS suBstancE, BEfore-menTioned, is found to vary
in itS Colour, aS thE _climAtes_ Vary from tHe eQuator To tHE
poles, His minD must Be InsTANtly sTRUcK wiTh The hypotheSIS, anD he
muSt AdopT it withOut any hesitation, as THe gEnuine cause of The
PhaeNOMeNon.

tHiS FacT[083], _oF The VARiation of the mucOus substanCe ACcOrding to
thE SitUaTion of tHe place_, Has beEN clearlY ascertaiNed in the
nUmErouS ANatOmical expeRiments tHat have beEN made; IN wHich, sUbjEcts
of
 nearly the same is the ap parent
col our o f t heup persurf ace of the ski n . Ne ither can it be otherw ise;fo r  the _C uticl e_, fro m  i t s  tr an sp are nc y ,mustnec essaril y transmit 
th ecolour of th e  s ubstance b ene ath it, in t hesame m an ner ,  thou ghnot
i n thes ame de gree, asth e  _corn e a_ tran s m it s th e colour of the
_ i ri s _ of the eye.This t ra n sp a r enc y i s a matter  o f ocu l ar
demo n st r a t ion in white peop le. It is c o nsp icuous  i n e v ery bl ush;fo r  no 
one can im agin e, that t he cut i cle bec o mes red , as o fte n a s th i sha ppe ns : 
no r  i s i t  le ss disco ve ra ble i n th e v e ins,  wh ichare s o easy to bedis cern e d;for n o one  can  s uppos e, tha t the  b lue streaks, wh ichhe
consta ntl ysee sin th e  faire stcom plexion s, arep ain te d , as  it were, on
the s ur f a ce  of theuppers ki n. From the se , a nd a v ariet y of ot her
obse rvatio n s[ 08 1], noma xim is  m ore  tr ue in phys iology , than t hat _ o n
the mucosumc orpus depends th e co l ourofthe human b ody_ ;  or,  ino th erw ords,  that  t h e_ mucosum corpus_ bei ng  of adiffe rent colour
i n differen t i nhabitan ts o f  t h e globe, and a ppear ing throug h  the cut icleor upper  surfaceo f  the ski n,giv esthe m th at various ap p e aran ce , which 
st rikes u s s o f orc ibl yin contem platingth ehu ma n r ace.As thisca n b einc ontro v ertibl y asc erta in ed ,  it  is evi d en t ,  tha twh atev erca usescoop e rat e in pr oducing t his diff er en t appea rance, they
p ro duce it by  a cti ng upo n the _muc osum corpus_, which, fr o m the
a lmo st in cred ible mann erin whi cht he cut icle[0 82] i sper f o rated , is  as 
a ccessiblea s  th e cut ic le i tself.These causes are p r oba bly those
var iou s qu a l it ies of thi ng s , w h i ch, combined wi th the inf lu e nc e of the
s u n,co ntribut e to fo rm wh a t we ca ll _clima te_. Forwh en a n y  pe rson
consi ders, th at the mu c ous s u bs tance , b efore- me nti oned,  is fo u ndto va ry
init s colo ur, a sthe _cli mates_ vary from the eq uatorto th e
p oles, his  mi n d m ust be in stan tly struck  wi ththe h ypo t hesis , an d  h e
m u st ad opti t without an y h e s it ation, as t h e gen uinecau s e of t he
p haenomenon.

This fact[083], _of  the v ari ati o n of  t he mucous subs tan ce a ccording  t o
the situa tion ofth e  plac e_, ha s been  clearl y as c ertain ed i n t he
numero usan a tomical  e xp e riment s th at  havebeen m a de;i n  which, subjects 
of
 nearly_the same_is the apparent
colour of_the upper_surface_of the_skin._Neither can it_be otherwise;
for the__Cuticle_, from its transparency,_must necessarily transmit
the_colour_of the substance beneath it, in the same manner, though not
in the same degree,_as_the _cornea__transmits_the_colour of the
_iris_ of the_eye. This transparency is a_matter of_ocular
demonstration in white people. It is conspicuous in_every_blush; for no
one_can imagine, that the cuticle becomes red, as often_as this happens:
nor is it less_discoverable in the_veins,_which_are so easy to_be
discerned; for no one can suppose,_that the blue streaks, which he
constantly_sees in the fairest complexions, are painted,_as it were, on
the surface of_the upper skin. From these,_and a_variety of other
observations[081], no maxim_is more true_in physiology,_than that _on
the_mucosum corpus depends the colour of_the human body_;_or, in
other words, that the _mucosum_corpus__being of a_different_colour
in_different inhabitants_of the globe,_and_appearing through_the_cuticle
or upper surface of the skin,_gives_them that various appearance, which
strikes us so_forcibly in contemplating the_human_race.

As this can be_incontrovertibly ascertained, it is evident,_that
whatever causes cooperate in producing this_different appearance,_they
produce it_by acting upon the _mucosum corpus_, which, from the
almost incredible manner_in which the cuticle[082] is perforated,_is as
accessible as the_cuticle itself._These_causes are probably_those
various_qualities of_things, which, combined with the influence of_the
sun, contribute_to form what we call _climate_._For when any person
considers,_that_the mucous substance, before-mentioned, is found_to vary
in its colour, as the__climates_ vary from the equator_to_the
poles,_his mind must be instantly_struck with the hypothesis, and he
must_adopt it without_any hesitation, as the genuine cause of_the
phaenomenon.

This_fact[083], _of the variation of the_mucous_substance according to
the situation of the_place_,_has_been clearly ascertained in the
numerous_anatomical experiments that have been made;_in which, subjects
of