 In opposition to her was the Queen of Winter, a man
attired as a woman, with woollen hoods, fur tippets, and loaded with the
warmest and heaviest clothes, one upon another. Her attendants were
habited in like manner, and she too had a captain and troop for her
defence. Thus representing respectively the beauty of spring and the
deformity of winter they set forth from their different quarters, the one
preceded by the dulcet music of flutes and violins, the other by the harsh
clatter of cleavers and tongs. In this array they marched till they met on
a common, where the trains of the two mimic sovereigns engaged in a mock
battle. If the Queen of Winter's forces got the better of their
adversaries and took her rival prisoner, the captive Queen of Summer was
ransomed for as much as would pay the expenses of the festival. After this
ceremony, Winter and her company retired and diverted themselves in a
barn, while the partisans of Summer danced on the green, concluding the
evening with a feast, at which the Queen and her maids sat at one table
and the captain and his troop at another. In later times the person of the
Queen of May was exempt from capture, but one of her slippers was
substituted and, if captured, had to be ransomed to defray the expenses of
the pageant. The procession of the Summer, which was subsequently composed
of little girls and called the Maceboard, outlived that of its rival the
Winter for some years; but both have now long been things of the
past.(706)

(M203) Among the central Esquimaux of North America the contest between
representatives of summer and winter, which in Europe has long degenerated
into a mere dramatic performance, is still kept up as a magical ceremony
of which the avowed intention is to influence the weather. In autumn, when
storms announce the approach of the dismal Arctic winter, the Esquimaux
divide themselves into two parties called respectively the ptarmigans and
the ducks, the ptarmigans comprising all persons born in winter, and the
ducks all persons born in summer. A long rope of sealskin is then
stretched out, and each party laying hold of one end of it seeks by

In opposition to her was the Queen of Winter, a man 
 attired as a charwoman, with woolen hoods, fur tippets, and load with the 
 warm and heaviest clothes, one upon another. Her attendant were 
 habited in like manner, and she too have a captain and troop for her 
 defence. therefore representing respectively the beauty of leap and the 
 disfigurement of winter they set forth from their unlike quarters, the one 
 precede by the dulcet music of flutes and violins, the other by the harsh 
 clatter of cleaver and tongs. In this array they marched till they met on 
 a coarse, where the trains of the two mimic sovereign engaged in a mock 
 conflict. If the Queen of Winter's forces got the better of their 
 adversary and took her rival prisoner, the captive Queen of Summer was 
 ransomed for as much as would pay the expense of the festival. After this 
 ceremony, Winter and her company retired and diverted themselves in a 
 barn, while the partisans of Summer danced on the green, concluding the 
 evening with a feast, at which the Queen and her maids sat at one mesa 
 and the captain and his troop at another. In later clock time the person of the 
 Queen of May was nontaxable from capture, but one of her skidder was 
 substituted and, if captured, have to be ransomed to defray the expenses of 
 the pageant. The procession of the Summer, which was subsequently composed 
 of short girls and called the Maceboard, outlived that of its rival the 
 Winter for some years; but both have now long been things of the 
 past.(706) 

 (M203) Among the cardinal Esquimaux of North America the contest between 
 representatives of summer and winter, which in Europe has long degenerated 
 into a mere dramatic performance, is still kept up as a magical ceremony 
 of which the affirm intention is to influence the weather. In autumn, when 
 storms announce the approach of the blue Arctic winter, the Esquimaux 
 divide themselves into two parties called respectively the ptarmigans and 
 the ducks, the ptarmigans comprising all persons born in winter, and the 
 duck all persons bear in summer. A long r-2 of sealskin is then 
 stretched out, and each party laying hold of one end of it seek by
 In opposition to her was tme Queen of Wintgr, a man
ettired as a wooan, with woollen hoods, fur tmppers, ane loaded with the
warmert and hewviest coothts, one upon anothxd. Her abcendahbs wexe
iabited in like manner, ang she too had d za'tain and troop for her
defence. Thus wepresemtlng respectivejy tnq bezltn of spring and the
deformity of sinter uhey set forth frok their different quarters, the one
preceded by thf dulcet muwic jd flutes and violins, the other by jhe harsh
clatter of cleavers and tongx. In this qreay jhey marched till they met on
a common, where yhe trains of bhe txo mumic sovereigns engagxd in a mock
battle. Is the Quean of Winter's forcew tot tve battef of thtir
edvsrsarifs end took hed rival priwoner, the captive Qieqb of Summer wzs
ransjmqd for as much as would pay the expensev or the festival. After thus
ceremony, Winter and her compwny retired and diverted themselves in a
barn, whila the oaruiwans ud Dummer danced on the green, concluding the
evenyhg wpth a feast, at whlch the Queen and neg kwids sat at ove table
ahd the captain and his trjop ar another. In kater times the person of tye
Queen of Mcy qas exempt from ca'ture, but onz of hgr slilpers was
substituted anb, if czptured, had to be rahromed to defray ghe efpenses of
the pageant. The [rocessioi of che Summdr, wnich wws subsequfntly composed
of little hirls atd called hhe Maceboard, outlived that of mvs rival the
Wonder for somz yearx; but both hade now long begn things of tfe
past.(706)

(M203) Amkng the central Eszuimaux of Nosjh America thx contest betqeen
eepresevgatives of sumker and wpnuer, which un Europe has long deesnerated
into a nert eramatic perfotmavce, id xtynl kept up av a oagkval cdremony
of wmicf thr avowed intention iv to influence the weayhcr. In automn, when
seorms announcr the approach of uhe divmau Arcyic winter, the Esquimaux
divide thsmselves lntj two partief caoled respectnvely the ptarmigans and
the ducks, the ptermigans comprising all persons born in wiuttr, and the
ducls alj persons born in summer. A lobg rope of sealskln is then
stretched ouf, and aach oarty laying hold of one end of it seeks by

In opposition to her was the Queen a attired as woman, with woollen with warmest and heaviest one upon another. attendants were habited in like manner, she too had a captain and troop for her defence. Thus representing respectively beauty of spring and the deformity of winter they set forth from their quarters, one by dulcet music of flutes and violins, the other by the harsh clatter of cleavers and tongs. this array they marched till they met on common, where the trains the two mimic sovereigns engaged a battle. If Queen Winter's got the better their adversaries and took her rival prisoner, the captive Queen of Summer was ransomed for as much would pay of the After ceremony, and her company diverted themselves in a barn, while Summer danced on the green, concluding the evening a feast, which the Queen and her maids at one table and the captain and his at another. In later times the person of the Queen of May was exempt from one of her slippers substituted and, if had be to the expenses the pageant. The procession of the Summer, which was subsequently composed little girls and called the Maceboard, outlived that of its Winter some years; but have now long been of past.(706) (M203) Among the of America representatives summer winter, which in Europe long degenerated into a mere performance, is still kept of which the avowed intention is to influence weather. In autumn, when storms announce the of the dismal Arctic winter, the Esquimaux divide themselves into two parties respectively the the ducks, the ptarmigans comprising all persons born winter, and the ducks persons born in summer. A long rope of sealskin then out, and party laying hold one end of seeks by
 In opposition to her was the QuEen of WinteR, a man
AttIreD aS a woMan, wIth woollen hoodS, Fur tIppets, and loaded with the
WarmeSt ANd heAViEst clOthes, onE UpON AnoThEr. her AtTEnDants WerE
habiteD in like manNer, AnD she too had a cAPtAin and trooP foR her
defence. THus RepresEnTinG RespeCtiVely tHe beauTY of sprIng and the
DeFOrmity OF winter THEy Set fOrth from their diffEReNT quarters, the onE
preceDeD By THE duLceT music of flUtEs and VIolins, tHE oTHER by THe harsh
clatteR of cleavers ANd tOngs. In ThIs aRRay theY marcHeD TilL they met on
a CommOn, where thE trainS Of the twO Mimic soVereigNs eNgaGed iN A mOcK
baTtLE. If THe queEN of winter's fOrCeS got tHe beTTER Of thEir
AdveRsariEs and took her rIvaL priSOneR, the cAptivE QueEn Of SumMer was
RansoMeD for as much as wouLd paY the expenSes Of The FeStivaL. after tHis
CerEmony, WiNter and HEr cOmPANY rEtired and diverted tHeMSElVes in a
baRn, whilE ThE pARtisans oF SUmmEr daNCEd on tHe grEEn, ConcludiNg the
eVEnInG with a fEaSt, at whIcH thE QuEen anD Her mAids saT at one taBle
anD The captain and hIS troop at anothER. IN LAtER timEs tHe person of tHe
QuEEn of may wAS eXemPT from CaptuRe, BUt ONe of her slippers was
sUbStitutEd and, If captured, had To be ransomED TO defray tHe exPEnSEs of
the pageant. the prOcession of THe Summer, Which Was subseQuently coMPOsed
of liTtlE giRls And CALlEd the MaceboarD, OUtliVeD that of Its Rival thE
WiNteR foR soMe Years; but bOth have nOw LoNg BeEn tHings OF the
past.(706)

(m203) AMonG tHe cEntraL esquimAux of nortH AMeRIca The contESt BETweeN
rEpReseNtaTiVes of SummER anD winter, Which in EuRopE Has lOnG dEgeneraTed
into a mere dRaMatic perfoRmAncE, is stiLL Kept up as A magical ceremony
of which THe avoweD inTentiOn is To influenCe tHe weatHer. iN autumN, when
sTorms AnNouNCE the aPPRoAch Of The dismal ARCTic WinteR, tHe EsQuimaux
Divide themselves inTO twO parties calleD reSpecTIVeLy tHE pTArmIgANs aND
The ducks, the ptarMigans compRiSInG all personS BorN iN winter, And the
dUcks aLL personS born in suMmer. A long RoPe of SEAlsKin is then
sTretched Out, and eacH Party LAyIng hoLd oF one enD oF it Seeks By

 In opposition to her wasthe Queenof Wi nte r,amanatti red as a woman ,  wit h woollen hoods, fur t ippet s, andl oa ded w ith the wa r m est  a nd  he av i es t clo the s, oneupon anoth er.  H er attendant s  w ere
habite d i n like manne r,and sh etoo had a  ca ptain  and t r oop fo r her
def en c e. Thu s  repres e n ti ng r espectively the b e au t y of spring an d thede f or m i tyofwinter the yset f o rth fro m  t h e i r d i fferent quart ers, the on e 
pr eceded  b y t h e dulc et mu si c  of  flutes and  vio lins, the  other by theh arsh
cl atterofcle aver s  a nd  to ng s . I n  t his arr ay theyma rc hed t illt h e y  met  on 
a c ommon , where the t rai ns o f  th e two  mimi c so ve reign s enga ged i na mock
battle.If t he QueenofWi nte r' s for c es got  th e b etter o f their adv er s a r ie s and took her riv al p ri soner, t he cap t iv eQ ueen ofSu mme r wa s ranso medf or  as much  as wo u ld  p ay theex penses  o f t hefesti v al.Afterthis
cer emony ,  Winter and he r  company reti r ed a nd dive rte d themselve s in a
ba rn,w hi let he pa rtisa ns of Summer danced on th egreen,  conc luding the
ev ening with a feast, a t wh i ch the Queen andher m aids sat a t  one tab le
an d the ca ptain and h is troop  at  an oth er. I nlater times t h e  per so n of th e
Q ueen of  Ma y w asexe mp t from ca pture, b ut  o ne  o f h er sl i ppers wa ssub st itu ted a n d, ifcaptu red,  h ad tobe rans o me d to d ef ra y th e e xp enses  oft hepageant . The pro ces s ionof  t he Summ er, which was  s ubsequentl ycom posedo f  littlegirls and called the Ma c eboard,  ou tlive d th at of its  ri val th e
W i nter f or som e yea rs ; b u t  both h av e n ow  long been t hin gs of  t he
p ast.(70 6)

(M203) Among t h e c entral Esquim aux  ofN o rt h A m er i cath e  co n t est between
rep resentativ es of  summer an d  wi nt er, whi ch in E urope has lon g degener ated
into  a  mer e dra matic perf ormance,  is still keptu pas amag ical c er emo ny
of  which the  avow ed int en tion i s toin fluencethe weather. In autumn,  whenstorm s a nnounce t hea ppr oach of t he d ismal Arct icwin ter,the Esqui maux di vid e  them selv e s into tw o  p art i e scalled resp e c t ive ly th e p t armiga ns a nd
the ducks, the ptarmigans com pris i n g a llp erso ns  born in winte r,an d the
duck sall persons  born in  s u mmer.  A lon g rope  of sea l s ki n  is th en
s tre tched out , a nd each pa rt yl ayinghold  o f oneend of it s e e ks by

 In_opposition to_her was the Queen_of Winter,_a_man
attired as_a_woman, with woollen_hoods, fur tippets,_and loaded with the
warmest_and heaviest clothes,_one_upon another. Her attendants were
habited in like manner, and she too had a captain_and_troop for_her
defence._Thus_representing respectively the beauty of_spring and the
deformity of winter_they set_forth from their different quarters, the one
preceded by_the_dulcet music of_flutes and violins, the other by the harsh
clatter of_cleavers and tongs. In this array_they marched till_they_met_on
a common, where the_trains of the two mimic sovereigns_engaged in a mock
battle. If the_Queen of Winter's forces got the better_of their
adversaries and took her rival_prisoner, the captive Queen of_Summer was
ransomed_for as much as would_pay the expenses_of the_festival. After this
ceremony,_Winter and her company retired and_diverted themselves in_a
barn, while the partisans of Summer_danced_on the green,_concluding_the
evening_with a_feast, at which_the_Queen and_her_maids sat at one table
and the_captain_and his troop at another. In later_times the person of_the
Queen_of May was exempt_from capture, but one of_her slippers was
substituted and, if captured,_had to_be ransomed_to defray the expenses of
the pageant. The procession of the Summer,_which was subsequently composed
of little girls_and called the Maceboard,_outlived that_of_its rival the
Winter_for_some years;_but both have now long been things_of the
past.(706)

(M203)_Among the central Esquimaux of North_America the contest between
representatives_of_summer and winter, which in Europe_has long degenerated
into a mere dramatic_performance, is still kept up_as_a_magical ceremony
of which the avowed_intention is to influence the weather._In autumn, when
storms_announce the approach of the dismal Arctic_winter,_the Esquimaux
divide themselves into two parties_called_respectively the ptarmigans and
the ducks, the_ptarmigans_comprising_all persons born in winter,_and the
ducks all persons born in_summer. A long rope of sealskin is then
stretched out,_and each party_laying hold of one end_of_it_seeks by
