, bends forward, and lets the wave roll over him;
or else he throws himself on his side towards it, resting on his flat
paddle, and rights himself again when it has passed. The prettiest feat
of seamanship I have ever heard of is that to which some fishers, I am
told, have recourse among overwhelming rollers. As the sea curls down
over them they voluntarily capsize, receive it on the bottom of the
kaiak, and when it has passed right themselves again. I think it would
be difficult to name a more intrepid method of dealing with a heavy sea.

If you cannot right yourself, and if there is no help at hand, you are
lost beyond all hope as soon as you capsize. This may happen easily
enough--a wave can do it, or even the fouling of the harpoon-line when
a seal is struck. Just as often, too, it happens through an unguarded
movement in calm weather, or at moments when there seems to be no
danger.

Many Eskimos find their death every year in this manner. For example, I
may state that in Danish South Greenland in 1888, out of 162 deaths (of
which 90 were of males), 24, or about 15 per cent. (that is to say, more
than a fourth part of the male mortality), were caused by drowning in
kaiaks.

In 1889, in South Greenland, out of 272 deaths (of which 152 were of
males), 24, or about 9 per cent., were due to the same cause. This in a
population of 5,614, of which 2,591 were males.

Footnotes.

[11: The Indians of the North-West and the Tchuktchi--and even, if I am
not mistaken, the Koriaks and the Kamtchatkans--use the same harpoon,
with a line and large bladder, in hunting sea animals, throwing the
harpoon from the bow of their large open canoes or skin-boats. It seems
probable, however, that they have learned the use of these instruments
from the Eskimos.]

[12: In North Greenland there is yet a third and larger form of the
harpoon, which is used in walrus hunting, and is hurled without
, bends forward, and lets the wave roll over him; 
 or else he shed himself on his slope towards it, resting on his flat 
 paddle, and rights himself again when it has travel by. The prettiest feat 
 of seamanship I have ever hear of is that to which some fisher, I am 
 told, suffer recourse among overwhelming rollers. As the ocean curls down 
 over them they voluntarily capsize, receive it on the bottom of the 
 kaiak, and when it has passed justly themselves again. I think it would 
 be difficult to name a more intrepid method of deal with a heavy sea. 

 If you cannot right yourself, and if there exist no help at hand, you are 
 lost beyond all hope equally soon as you capsize. This may happen well 
 enough -- a wave can do it, or even the fouling of the harpoon - line when 
 a seal is struck. precisely as often, too, it happens through an unguarded 
 movement in calm weather, or at consequence when there seem to be no 
 danger. 

 Many Eskimos find their death every year in this manner. For example, I 
 may state that in Danish South Greenland in 1888, out of 162 deaths (of 
 which 90 were of males), 24, or approximately 15 per penny. (that is to say, more 
 than a fourth part of the male mortality), were cause by drowning in 
 kaiaks. 

 In 1889, in South Greenland, out of 272 deaths (of which 152 were of 
 males), 24, or approximately 9 per cent. , were ascribable to the same cause. This in a 
 population of 5,614, of which 2,591 were males. 

 footnote. 

 [ 11: The Indians of the North - West and the Tchuktchi -- and even, if I am 
 not mistaken, the Koriaks and the Kamtchatkans -- use the same harpoon, 
 with a line and large bladder, in hunting ocean animals, throwing the 
 harpoon from the bow of their large open canoes or skin - boats. It look 
 probable, however, that they have learned the use of these instruments 
 from the Eskimos. ] 

 [ 12: In North Greenland there is yet a third and large form of the 
 harpoon, which is used in walrus hunting, and is hurl without
, bejds forward, and lets the wave roll over him;
or xlse he throws fimself on his side towards mt, rwstint on his flat
paddle, ana rights jimself qgaii when it has passed. The prettjcst fzav
of seamanship L have ever heard of is tvag co which some fishers, I am
told, have wecoursr wmong overwheliing wollsgs. As the sea curls down
over thsm they voluntarily vapsize, receive it on the hottlm of the
kaiak, and when it haw pafwed right thdmselves again. I think it would
be difficult to name a more intrepid nerhof of dealing with a heavy sea.

Lg you wannot tight yourself, anv if there is no help at iand, you are
lost beyjnd all hmpz as soon as you capsuzw. Thiv maf haopen eaaiky
snough--w weve can do jt, or even rhe fouling of the nawipon-line when
z seal if struck. Just as often, too, it happens tvrohgh an unguarded
movemenr in calm weather, or wt momentf when there seems to be no
danger.

Many Eskimos fing themr decbm evdey year in this manner. For example, I
may state trzt ik Danish South Gveenland in 1888, out og 162 drwths (of
which 90 were of jales), 24, or about 15 pfr cent. (that is to sar, mote
than a fourth part of the male mortalpty), qere caused by drocning in
kaiays.

In 1889, in Xouth Greenland, out of 272 deafhs (of whicj 152 were or
oales), 24, or about 9 peg cett., were due to the same catse. This mn a
pppulatiun og 5,614, of rhich 2,591 werf malcv.

Footnotes.

[11: The Indlans lf the North-Aest and the Tchuktchi--and even, mh I am
not misjakan, nhe Koriahs anc the Kamtchaekans--use the scme harpjon,
wigh a line znd larje bladder, ig hunting sea wnimals, throxing the
hwrpoin feom the cow of their lsrge open canoes or skin-boats. It seemx
prugable, however, tkct they have learmed thq lse os these instrgmengs
ffpm thd Eskimos.]

[12: Ik Nurth Greenland there is fet z third and larger fjrm of tye
harpoog, which is usrd in walrus huntijg, anv is hnrled eitrout
, bends forward, and lets the wave him; else he himself on his his paddle, and rights again when it passed. The prettiest feat of seamanship have ever heard of is that to which some fishers, I am told, recourse among overwhelming rollers. As the sea curls down over them they voluntarily receive on bottom the kaiak, and when it has passed right themselves again. I think it would be difficult name a more intrepid method of dealing with heavy sea. If you right yourself, and if there no at hand, are beyond hope as soon you capsize. This may happen easily enough--a wave can do it, or even the fouling of the when a struck. Just often, it through an unguarded calm weather, or at moments when be no danger. Many Eskimos find their death year in manner. For example, I may state in Danish South Greenland in 1888, out of deaths (of which 90 were of males), 24, or about 15 per cent. (that is more than a fourth of the male were by in In 1889, South Greenland, out of 272 deaths (of which 152 were of 24, or about 9 per cent., were due to the This a population of of which 2,591 were Footnotes. The Indians of the the even, not the and the Kamtchatkans--use the harpoon, with a line and bladder, in hunting sea the bow of their large open canoes or It seems probable, however, that they have the use of these instruments from the Eskimos.] [12: In North Greenland is yet and larger form of the harpoon, which is in walrus hunting, and hurled without
, bends forward, and lets the wavE roll over hIm;
or eLse He tHrOws hImseLf on his side towARds iT, resting on his flat
paddlE, and rIgHTs hiMSeLf agaIn when iT HaS PAssEd. thE prEtTIeSt feaT
of SeamansHip I have evEr hEaRd of is that to WHiCh some fishErs, i am
told, have rEcoUrse amOnG ovERwhelMinG rollErs. As tHE sea cuRls down
ovEr THem theY VoluntaRILy CapsIze, receive it on the BOtTOm of the
kaiak, anD when iT hAS pASSed RigHt themselvEs Again. i Think it WOuLD
BE diFFicult to name a More intrepiD MetHod of dEaLinG With a hEavy sEa.

iF yoU cannot righT youRself, and iF there IS no help AT hand, yoU are
loSt bEyoNd alL HoPe As sOoN As yOU cApsIZe. THis may haPpEn EasilY
enoUGH--A Wave Can Do it, Or eveN the fouling of The HarpOOn-lIne whEn
a seAl is StRuck. JUst as oFten, tOo, It happens througH an uNguarded
mOveMeNt iN cAlm weATher, or At mOmeNts when There seEMs tO bE NO
DaNger.

Many Eskimos finD tHEIr Death eveRy year IN tHiS Manner. FoR eXamPle, I
MAY statE thaT In danish SoUth GreENlAnD in 1888, out oF 162 dEaths (oF
wHicH 90 weRe of mALes), 24, oR about 15 Per cent. (tHat is TO say, more
than a fOUrth part of the MAlE MOrTAlitY), weRe caused by dRownINg in
KaiaKS.

IN 1889, in sOuth GReenlAnD, OuT Of 272 deaths (of which 152 were Of
Males), 24, oR abouT 9 per cent., were dUe to the samE CAUse. This iN a
poPUlATion of 5,614, of which 2,591 wEre maLes.

FootnotES.

[11: The IndiAns of The North-west and thE tChuktchi--And EveN, if i am
NOT mIstaken, the KorIAKs anD tHe KamtcHatKans--use The SamE haRpoOn,
With a line And large BlAdDeR, iN huNting SEa animalS, tHroWiNg tHe
harPOon froM the bOw of ThEiR LarGe open cANoES Or skIn-BoAts. IT seEmS
probAble, HOweVer, that They have lEarNEd thE uSe Of these Instruments
frOm The Eskimos.]

[12: in norTh GreeNLAnd there Is yet a third and larger forM Of the
haRpoOn, whiCh is Used in walRus HuntinG, anD Is hurlEd withOut
, bends forward, and letsthe wave r oll o ver  hi m; 
orelse  he throws him s elfon his side towards it , res ti n g on hi s fla t
paddl e ,a n d r ig ht s h im s el f aga inwhen it  has passe d.Th e prettiestf ea t
of seama nsh ip I have ev erheardof  is thattowhich  somef ishers , I am
to ld ,  haver ecourse a mo ng o verwhelming rolle r s. As the sea cur ls dow no ve r the m t hey volunt ar ily c a psize,r ec e i v e i t  on the botto m of the
ka i ak,  and w he n i t  has p assed  r i ght  themselves  aga in. I thi nk itw ould
be difficu lt tonam e a  mor e  i nt rep id met h od  of dea ling wit haheavy  sea . I f yo u c anno t rig ht yourself,and  ift her e isno he lp a thand,  you a re
lo st  beyond all hop e as  soon asyou  c aps iz e. Th i s mayhap pen  easily 
enough - -awa v e ca n do it, or even t he f ou ling ofthe ha r po on - line whe na s eali s  stru ck.J us t as oft en, to o ,it  happen sthroug hanung uarde d 
mov ementin calmweath e r, or at momen t s when theres ee m s  t o  benodanger.

Ma ny E s kimo s fi n dthe i r dea th ev er y  y e ar in this manner.Fo r exam ple,I
may state t hat in Dan i s h  South G reen l an d  in 1888, outof 16 2 deaths ( o f
which90 we re of ma les), 24, o r about15per  ce nt. ( th at is to say, m oreth an a fo urt h partofthe  ma lemo rtality),  were ca us ed  b ydro wning in
kaiak s. 

I n188 9, in SouthGreen land ,ou t  of  272 de a th s (ofwh ic h 15 2 w er e ofmale s ),24, orabout 9 p erc ent. ,we re dueto the same c au se. This i na
p opulat i o n of 5,6 14, of which 2,591 were males.
Fo otnot es.
[11: The  In diansoft he Nor th-Wes t and  t heT c huktc h i -- and  e ven, if Ia m 
no t mis ta ken,  the Ko riaks and the Kamt c hat kans--use the  sa me h a r po on, wi t h a  l i nea n d large bladder , in hunti ng se a animals, thr ow ing the 
harpoo n fro m  the bo w of thei r large o pe n ca n o esor skin-bo ats. Itseems
pro b able, ho wever , t hat th ey  ha ve le arnedt heuse o f thes einstru ments 
f rom theEskimos.]

[12: In Nort h Gree nland  th ere is ye t a thi rd and la rger  form of t hehar poon,  wh i ch is  use d  i n w a lrushunt i ng, and i s  h url e d  w ithout
, bends_forward, and_lets the wave roll_over him;
or_else_he throws_himself_on his side_towards it, resting_on his flat
paddle, and_rights himself again_when_it has passed. The prettiest feat
of seamanship I have ever heard of is that_to_which some_fishers,_I_am
told, have recourse among overwhelming_rollers. As the sea curls_down
over them_they voluntarily capsize, receive it on the bottom_of_the
kaiak, and when_it has passed right themselves again. I think it_would
be difficult to name a more_intrepid method of_dealing_with_a heavy sea.

If you_cannot right yourself, and if there_is no help at hand, you_are
lost beyond all hope as soon as_you capsize. This may happen easily
enough--a_wave can do it, or_even the_fouling of the harpoon-line when
a_seal is struck._Just as_often, too, it_happens through an unguarded
movement in calm_weather, or at_moments when there seems to be_no
danger.

Many_Eskimos find their_death_every_year in_this manner. For_example,_I
may state_that_in Danish South Greenland in 1888,_out_of 162 deaths (of
which 90 were of_males), 24, or about_15_per cent. (that is_to say, more
than a fourth_part of the male mortality), were_caused by_drowning in
kaiaks.

In_1889, in South Greenland, out of 272 deaths (of which 152_were of
males), 24, or about 9_per cent., were due_to the_same_cause. This in_a
population_of 5,614,_of which 2,591 were males.

Footnotes.

[11: The Indians_of the_North-West and the Tchuktchi--and even, if_I am
not mistaken, the_Koriaks_and the Kamtchatkans--use the same harpoon,
with_a line and large bladder, in_hunting sea animals, throwing the
harpoon_from_the_bow of their large open_canoes or skin-boats. It seems
probable, however,_that they have_learned the use of these instruments
from the_Eskimos.]

[12:_In North Greenland there is yet_a_third and larger form of the
harpoon,_which_is_used in walrus hunting, and_is hurled without