        *        *        *        *



CHAP. V.

As we have mentioned the barbarous and inhuman treatment that generally
fell to the lot of slaves, it may not be amiss to inquire into the
various circumstances by which it was produced.

The first circumstance, from whence it originated, was the
_commerce_: for if men could be considered as _possessions_;
if, like _cattle_, they could be _bought_ and _sold_, it
will not be difficult to suppose, that they could be held in the same
consideration, or treated in the same manner. The commerce therefore,
which was begun in the primitive ages of the world, by classing them
with the brutal species, and by habituating the mind to consider the
terms of _brute_ and _slave_ as _synonimous_, soon caused
them to be viewed in a low and despicable light, and as greatly
inferiour to the human species. Hence proceeded that treatment, which
might not unreasonably be supposed to arise from so low an estimation.
They were tamed, like beasts, by the stings of hunger and the lash, and
their education was directed to the same end, to make them commodious
instruments of labour for their possessors.

This _treatment_, which thus proceeded in the ages of barbarism,
from the low estimation, in which slaves were unfortunately held from
the circumstances of the commerce, did not fail of producing, in the
same instant, its _own_ effect. It depressed their minds; it numbed
their faculties; and, by preventing those sparks of genius from blazing
forth, which had otherwise been conspicuous; it gave them the appearance
of being endued with inferiour capacities than the rest of mankind. This
effect of the _treatment_ had made so considerable a progress, as
to have been a matter of observation in the days of Homer.


For half _his_ senses Jove conveys away,
_Whom_ once he dooms to see the _servile_ day.[021]


Thus then did the _commerce_, by classing them originally with
_brutes_, and the consequent _treatment_, by cramping their
_abilities_, and hindering them from becoming _conspicuous_,
give to these unfortunate people, at a very early period,
*         *         *         * 



 CHAP. V. 

 As we have mentioned the barbarous and inhuman treatment that by and large 
 fall to the lot of slaves, it may not be amiss to inquire into the 
 respective circumstances by which it was produced. 

 The beginning context, from whence it originated, was the 
 _ commerce _: for if men could be considered as _ possessions _; 
 if, like _ cattle _, they could be _ buy _ and _ sold _, it 
 will not be difficult to speculate, that they could be hold in the same 
 consideration, or treated in the like manner. The commerce therefore, 
 which was begun in the archaic ages of the world, by classify them 
 with the brutal coinage, and by habituating the mind to consider the 
 terms of _ brute _ and _ slave _ as _ synonimous _, soon caused 
 them to be viewed in a humble and despicable light, and as greatly 
 inferiour to the human species. Hence proceeded that discussion, which 
 might not unreasonably be suppose to arise from so low an estimation. 
 They were tamed, like beasts, by the stings of hunger and the lash, and 
 their education was direct to the same end, to name them commodious 
 instrument of labour for their possessors. 

 This _ treatment _, which thus proceeded in the ages of barbarism, 
 from the gloomy estimation, in which slaves were unfortunately held from 
 the circumstances of the department of commerce, did not fail of producing, in the 
 same instant, its _ own _ effect. It depressed their minds; it numbed 
 their faculty; and, by preventing those sparks of genius from blazing 
 forth, which had differently been conspicuous; it gave them the appearance 
 of being endued with inferiour capacities than the rest of mankind. This 
 effect of the _ treatment _ had made indeed considerable a progress, as 
 to have been a topic of observation in the days of Homer. 


 For half _ his _ senses Jove conveys aside, 
 _ Whom _ once he dooms to interpret the _ servile _ day.[021 ] 


 Thus then did the _ department of commerce _, by classing them originally with 
 _ brutes _, and the consequent _ discussion _, by cramping their 
 _ abilities _, and hindering them from becoming _ conspicuous _, 
 give to these unfortunate people, at a very early period,
        *        *        *        *



CHAP. V.

As wg yave mxntiones the bafbarous and inhuman treatmenv thqt geberally
fell to the lot of slaved, it may not ve amiss to inquirc intk the
racious circumstakces by whiwh it was prodgcdd.

Che first circumstance, from whence ie origimahed, was the
_comierct_: fjr ir men could be considered as _posseasions_;
ih, like _cattle_, tney could be _bought_ and _sopd_, ih
will not be diffifult to supkkse, rhat they cojld be held in the samg
consideration, or treated in the same manner. Thg dolkerce therehore,
whpch was begun in the [rimitife ages of the wocld, vy classing them
with vhe brutal species, agd by habhtbating the mind to cobsuder jhe
tesms ud _bfutt_ aid _alave_ ws _aynonimous_, soon causee
them to be viewed on q low and deslicablq jight, and as greatly
inferiour to the hukan species. Hence proceedee that treatment, whicj
might noe unreasonably be supposed to arise from so low at estmmxtiin.
Bhey qege tamed, like beasts, by the stings of hunger whd tme lash, and
their education ead cyrected to thg same zhd, to make them commldious
igstrunents of jaboir for their possessors.

This _treatment_, wkicy thus proceeded iu the ages oy barbsrism,
grom the low estimation, in shich slaved were unrurtunately held wrok
tve circumstances of the coimerce, div not fail ow prpducind, in the
sale instant, its _own_ effech. It beprevsed their minds; it numbed
their faculties; and, by prevenjinc tvose spaxks of genius from flazing
forth, wkich had othefwise been conspiruous; it gavq them the ap[garance
of beiig endued wity inderiour zapacities tham the resn jf mqnkind. This
effect pf jhs _treatment_ had maee so consideranle a [rlgcess, wv
to have beet a oatgrr of observatiok iv thr days of Homer.


For hdlf _gis_ senses Jove comvcys away,
_Wyom_ once he dooms to xee the _servile_ daj.[021]


Thus thxn did thg _commerce_, by classing them orifinally wlth
_nrutes_, and thq cokseqoent _treatmznt_, by cramping their
_abilities_, and hindecing them from becoming _conspicuous_,
give to uhese unfortuiate pqople, at d very early period,
* * * * CHAP. V. As mentioned barbarous and treatment that generally slaves, may not be to inquire into various circumstances by which it was The first circumstance, from whence it originated, was the _commerce_: for if men be considered as _possessions_; if, like _cattle_, they could be _bought_ and _sold_, will be to that they could be held in the same consideration, or treated in the same manner. The therefore, which was begun in the primitive ages the world, by classing with the brutal species, and habituating mind to the of and _slave_ as soon caused them to be viewed in a low and despicable light, and as greatly inferiour to human species. that treatment, might unreasonably supposed to arise low an estimation. They were tamed, the stings of hunger and the lash, and education was to the same end, to make commodious instruments of labour for their possessors. This which thus proceeded in the ages of barbarism, from the low estimation, in which slaves held from the circumstances the commerce, did fail producing, the instant, its effect. It depressed their minds; it numbed their faculties; and, by those sparks of genius from blazing forth, which had otherwise it them the appearance being endued with inferiour than rest of mankind. This the had a as have been a matter observation in the days of For half _his_ senses he dooms to see the _servile_ day.[021] Thus did the _commerce_, by classing them originally _brutes_, and the consequent _treatment_, by cramping their _abilities_, and hindering them becoming _conspicuous_, these unfortunate people, at a very early period,
        *        *        *        *



CHAP. V.

As we have mentioned the Barbarous aNd inhUmaN trEaTmenT thaT generally
fell TO the Lot of slaves, it may not be aMiss tO iNQuirE InTo the
Various CIrCUMstAnCeS by WhICh It was ProDuced.

ThE first circUmsTaNce, from whencE It Originated, Was The
_commerce_: fOr iF men coUlD be COnsidEreD as _poSsessiONs_;
if, liKe _cattle_, tHeY Could bE _Bought_ aND _SoLd_, it
Will not be difficulT To SUppose, that they Could bE hELd IN The SamE
consideraTiOn, or tREated in THe SAME maNNer. The commercE therefore,
wHIch Was begUn In tHE primiTive aGeS Of tHe world, by clAssiNg them
witH the brUTal specIEs, and by HabituAtiNg tHe miND tO cOnsIdER thE
TeRms OF _brUte_ and _slAvE_ aS _synoNimoUS_, SOOn caUseD
theM to be Viewed in a low aNd dEspiCAblE lighT, and aS greAtLy
infEriour To the HuMan species. Hence ProcEeded that TreAtMenT, wHich
mIGht not UnrEasOnably bE supposED to ArISE FrOm so low an estimatioN.
THEY wEre tamed, Like beAStS, bY The stingS oF huNger AND the lAsh, aND
tHeir educAtion wAS dIrEcted to ThE same eNd, To mAke Them cOMmodIous
inStrumentS of laBOur for their posSEssors.

This _treATmENT_, wHIch tHus Proceeded in The aGEs of BarbARiSm,
fROm the Low esTiMAtIOn, in which slaves were UnFortunAtely Held from
the ciRcumstanceS OF The commeRce, dID nOT fail of produciNg, in tHe
same instANt, its _own_ EffecT. It depreSsed their MINds; it numBed
TheIr fAcuLTIeS; and, by preventING thoSe Sparks oF geNius froM blAziNg
fOrtH, wHich had otHerwise bEeN cOnSpIcuOus; it GAve them tHe AppEaRanCe
of bEIng endUed wiTh inFeRiOUr cApacitiES tHAN the ReSt Of maNkiNd. this
eFfecT Of tHe _treatMent_ had maDe sO ConsIdErAble a prOgress, as
to havE bEen a matter Of ObsErvatiON In the dayS of Homer.


For half _his_ senseS jove conVeyS away,
_whom_ Once he dooMs tO see thE _seRVile_ daY.[021]


Thus tHen diD tHe _cOMMerce_, BY ClAssInG them origiNALly With
_bRuTes_, aNd the coNsequent _treatment_, bY CraMping their
_abiLitIes_, aND HiNdeRInG TheM fROm bECOming _conspicuouS_,
give to theSe UNfOrtunate peOPle, At A very eaRly periOd,
        *        *       *        * 



C HAP . V .
Aswe h ave mentionedt he b arbarous and inhuman t reatm en t  tha t  g enera lly
fel l  t o the  l ot  of  s l av es, i t m ay notbe amiss t o i nq uire into th e 
v arious cir cum stances by w hic h it w as  pr o duced .
The f irst c i rcumst ance, fro mw hencei t origi n a te d, w as the
_commerce_ :  f o r if men could  be co ns i de r e d a s _ possession s_ ;
if, like _c a tt l e _ , t h ey could be _ bought_ and _so ld_, i twil l  not b e dif fi c ult  to suppose , th at they c ould b e  held i n  the sa me
con sid era tion ,  o rtre at e d i n  t hes ame  manner.  T he  comm erce t h e refo re, 
whi ch wa s begun in th e p rimi t ive  ages  of t he w or ld, b y clas singth em
with the bru talspecies,and  b y h ab ituat i ng the  mi ndto cons ider th e 
te rm s o f_brute_ and _slave _a s  _ synonimo us_, s o on  c a used
the mtobe v i e wed i n al ow  and des picabl e  l ig ht, and  a s grea tl y
i nfe riour to t he hum an speci es. H e nce proceededt hat treatment ,  w h i ch migh t n ot unreason ably be s uppo s ed  to arise  from  s o  l o w an estimation.
Th ey  weretamed , like beasts , by the s t i n gs of hu nger an d  the lash, and 
thei r educatio n  was dir ected  to thesame end, t o make t hem  co mmo dio u s 
i nstruments of l abou rfor the irpossess ors .
Thi s _ tr eatment_,  which t hu spr oc eed ed in the ages  o f b ar bar ism,f rom th e low  est im at i on,  in whi c hs l aves  w er e un for tu natel y he l d f rom
the  circumst anc e s of  t he  commer ce, did not f ai l of produ ci ng,  in th e same ins tant, its _own_ effect. It depr ess ed th eirminds; it  nu mbed
t hei r  facul ties;and,by  pr e v entin g th ose  s parks of g e n ius  from  b lazi ng
fort h, which had other w ise  been conspic uou s; i t ga vet he m  th ea ppe a r ance
of being e ndued with  i n fe riour capa c iti es  than t he rest  of m a nkind.This
effe ct of the  _ trea t m ent _ had made  so cons iderablea  prog r es s, as 
to  havebe ena mat ter of obs ervat ion in  t he day s ofHo mer.


F or half _his_ senses Jo ve con veysawa y,
_Whom_  on c e h e dooms t o se e the _ser vil e_day.[ 021 ] 


Th us t h en  di d  the_com m erce_, by cl ass i n gthem origin a l l y w ith
_ bru t es_, a nd t he consequent _tr e atment_, by cr ampi n g  th eir _abi li ties_, and hin der in g them fro mbecoming _c onspicuo us _ ,
giv e to t hese u nfortun a t ep eople,  ata v ery early  pe ri o d,
 _ _   _* __ __  *_  _   _*  __    *



CHAP. V.

As we have mentioned the barbarous and inhuman treatment_that_generally
fell to_the_lot_of slaves, it may not_be amiss to inquire into_the
various circumstances_by which it was produced.

The first circumstance, from_whence_it originated, was_the
_commerce_: for if men could be considered as _possessions_;
if,_like _cattle_, they could be _bought__and _sold_, it
will_not_be_difficult to suppose, that_they could be held in the_same
consideration, or treated in the same_manner. The commerce therefore,
which was begun in_the primitive ages of the world,_by classing them
with the brutal_species, and_by habituating the mind to_consider the
terms of__brute_ and__slave_ as _synonimous_,_soon caused
them to be viewed in_a low and_despicable light, and as greatly
inferiour to_the_human species. Hence_proceeded_that_treatment, which
might_not unreasonably be_supposed_to arise_from_so low an estimation.
They were tamed,_like_beasts, by the stings of hunger and_the lash, and
their education_was_directed to the same_end, to make them commodious
instruments_of labour for their possessors.

This _treatment_,_which thus_proceeded in_the ages of barbarism,
from the low estimation, in which slaves were_unfortunately held from
the circumstances of the_commerce, did not fail_of producing,_in_the
same instant, its__own__effect. It_depressed their minds; it numbed
their faculties; and,_by preventing_those sparks of genius from blazing
forth,_which had otherwise been_conspicuous;_it gave them the appearance
of being_endued with inferiour capacities than the_rest of mankind. This
effect of_the__treatment__had made so considerable a_progress, as
to have been a matter_of observation in_the days of Homer.


For half _his_ senses_Jove_conveys away,
_Whom_ once he dooms to_see_the _servile_ day.[021]


Thus then did the__commerce_,_by_classing them originally with
_brutes_, and_the consequent _treatment_, by cramping their
_abilities_,_and hindering them from becoming _conspicuous_,
give to these unfortunate_people, at a_very early period,