 the sacred tree decorated with garlands and
surrounded by votaries, whilst the worship of the trees identified with
the various Buddhas is repeatedly represented on the Stupa of Bharhut.

[Illustration: Fig. 8.--Sacred tree with worshippers, from eastern
gateway of Buddhist Tope at Sanchi.(Fergusson's Tree and Serpent Worship
(1868), Plate xxv.)]

There is very little evidence of the existence of tree-worship amongst
the Chinese, but they have a tradition of a Tree of Life, and of a drink
of immortality made from various sacred plants. They also make use of
the divining-rod, which is an offshoot of tree-worship, and certain
Taoist medals, like the talismans worn in Java, bear the familiar symbol
of the sacred tree.[29] In Japan certain old trees growing near Shinto
temples are regarded as sacred, and bound with a fillet of straw rope,
"as if they were tenanted by a divine spirit."[30] Japanese mythology
tells of holy _sakaki_ trees growing on the Mountain of Heaven, and of a
herb of immortality to be gathered on the Island of Eternal Youth.

Amongst the semi-civilised races which border upon these ancient states
the tree is still almost universally regarded as the dwelling-place of a
spirit, and as such is protected, venerated, and often presented with
offerings. In Sumatra and Borneo certain old trees are held to be
sacred, and the Dyaks would regard their destruction as an impious act.
The Mintira of the Malay Peninsula believe that trees are inhabited by
terrible spirits capable of inflicting diseases. The Talein of Burmah
never cut down a tree without a prayer to the indwelling spirit. The
Siamese have such veneration for the takhien-tree that they offer it
cakes and rice before felling it; so strong, indeed, is their dread of
destroying trees of any kind, and thereby offending the gods inhabiting
them, that all necessary tree-felling is relegated to the lowest
criminals. Even at the present day they frequently make offerings to the
tree-dwelling spirits, and hang gifts on any tree whose deity they
desire to propit
the sacred tree decorated with garlands and 
 surrounded by votary, whilst the worship of the tree identified with 
 the various Buddhas is repeatedly represented on the Stupa of Bharhut. 

 [ example: Fig. 8.--Sacred tree with worshippers, from eastern 
 gateway of Buddhist Tope at Sanchi.(Fergusson's Tree and Serpent Worship 
 (1868), Plate xxv .) ] 

 There be very fiddling evidence of the existence of tree - worship amongst 
 the Chinese, but they have a tradition of a Tree of Life, and of a drink 
 of immortality take from various sacred plant. They besides make use of 
 the divining - gat, which is an offshoot of tree - worship, and certain 
 Taoist decoration, like the talismans worn in Java, bear the conversant symbol 
 of the sacred tree.[29 ] In Japan certain old trees growing near Shinto 
 temple are regarded as sacred, and bound with a fillet of straw r-2, 
 " as if they were tenanted by a divine spirit. "[30 ] Japanese mythology 
 tells of holy _ sakaki _ trees growing on the Mountain of Heaven, and of a 
 herb of immortality to be gather on the Island of Eternal Youth. 

 Amongst the semi - civilised races which border upon these ancient states 
 the tree is still almost universally regarded as the dwelling - place of a 
 spirit, and as such is protected, reverence, and frequently presented with 
 oblation. In Sumatra and Borneo sealed previous trees are held to be 
 sacred, and the Dyaks would regard their destruction as an impious act. 
 The Mintira of the Malay Peninsula believe that trees are dwell by 
 terrible spirits capable of inflicting diseases. The Talein of Burmah 
 never cut down a tree without a entreaty to the indwelling spirit. The 
 Siamese have such veneration for the takhien - tree that they offer it 
 cakes and rice before felling it; so hard, indeed, is their dread of 
 destroying trees of any kind, and thereby offending the gods dwell 
 them, that all necessary tree - felling is relegated to the lowest 
 criminals. Even at the present sidereal day they frequently make offering to the 
 tree - dwelling spirits, and cling gifts on any tree whose deity they 
 hope to propit
 thf sacred tree decorated dith garlands aue
surronnded bg votarids, whilst the worship of the teees udentified with
the varkous Buddjas is rwpeauedly represented on the Stupa kn Bhaxhnt.

[Illustration: Nig. 8.--Sacred dree with worsviopzrs, from eastern
gateway of Buddhist Eope at Swnchi.(Fergusson'f Trte wnd Avrkent Worship
(1868), Plate xxv.)]

There is vedy littne evidence og the existence of tree-wordhip amongst
the Chinesf, but they yave q tradition uf a Tree of Life, and kf a drink
of immortality made ffom vcrious sacrgb plwtts. They alwo mahe use of
the divininc-rod, whoch is an offsmoot mf rree-worship, and certamn
Taoist medals, like the talivmcns worn in Java, bear tye fakilidr shnbou
of tie aacred trxe.[29] In Japan certain ole trees growing neat Fyinto
temples zre redawded as sacred, and bound with a fillet mf atraw rope,
"as if they weee tenanted by a divije spirit."[30] Japanese mythology
tells of holy _sakaki_ trees grofing kv tkc Oiujtain of Heaven, and of a
herb of immortality tj bt gsthered on the Island of Rtfrmwl Youth.

Amongrt the seji-civilised races ahich bjrder upon thefe amcient states
the tree is stull almost uuivwrsally regarded ad the dwellnng-plave of a
spirit, and as such is profected, venegated, and uften presented ditm
ofxerings. In Sumatra and Borgeo certamn olb trees xre neld tj be
sacred, and bve Dyaks would regwrd tkeir gestructioj as an impious act.
The Mintira of the Malay Pgnitsuna beliere thab trees are inhwbited by
terriyle spirnts caoable of ihflictiig diseases. Ehe Talein of Hurmah
never rut down w trwe wuthout x prayer to the indwelliuy spirit. Rhe
Siamese have sugh vevsration for the tajhien-tree that yheh osfvr mt
cakqv and rice baford fdkling it; so strokg, knderd, is their dread of
gestdoying trees of anu hind, and thereby offending thr gods inhabiting
tjem, tiat alu necrsswry tree-felling is relegated tk the lowfst
griminals. Eveg at the present day they frequently make offerings to vhe
tree-dwelling spirits, and hang gifts on cnn tree whose deitr they
deshre to propit
the sacred tree decorated with garlands and votaries, the worship the trees identified repeatedly on the Stupa Bharhut. [Illustration: Fig. tree with worshippers, from eastern gateway Buddhist Tope at Sanchi.(Fergusson's Tree and Serpent Worship (1868), Plate xxv.)] There is little evidence of the existence of tree-worship amongst the Chinese, but they have tradition a of and of a drink of immortality made from various sacred plants. They also make use of divining-rod, which is an offshoot of tree-worship, and Taoist medals, like the worn in Java, bear the symbol the sacred In certain trees growing near temples are regarded as sacred, and bound with a fillet of straw rope, "as if they were by a Japanese mythology of _sakaki_ growing on the Heaven, and of a herb of gathered on the Island of Eternal Youth. Amongst semi-civilised races border upon these ancient states the is still almost universally regarded as the dwelling-place a spirit, and as such is protected, venerated, and often presented with offerings. In Sumatra certain old trees are to be sacred, the would their as an act. The Mintira of the Malay Peninsula believe that trees are by terrible spirits capable of inflicting diseases. The Talein of cut a tree without prayer to the indwelling The have such veneration for that offer rice felling so strong, indeed, is dread of destroying trees of kind, and thereby offending all necessary tree-felling is relegated to the lowest Even at the present day they frequently offerings to the tree-dwelling spirits, and hang gifts on any tree whose they desire
 the sacred tree decorated witH garlands aNd
surRouNdeD bY votArieS, whilst the worsHIp of The trees identified with
The vaRiOUs BuDDhAs is rEpeatedLY rEPResEnTeD on ThE stUpa of bhaRhut.

[IllUstration: FIg. 8.--SAcRed tree with wORsHippers, froM eaStern
gateway Of BUddhisT TOpe AT SancHi.(FErgusSon's TrEE and SeRpent WorsHiP
(1868), plate xXV.)]

There iS VErY litTle evidence of the eXIsTEnce of tree-worsHip amoNgST
tHE chiNesE, but they haVe A tradITion of a tReE OF lifE, And of a drink
of Immortality MAde From vaRiOus SAcred pLants. thEY alSo make use of
The dIvining-roD, which IS an offsHOot of trEe-worsHip, And CertAIn
taOisT mEDalS, LiKe tHE taLismans wOrN iN Java, Bear THE FAmilIar SymbOl
of tHe sacred tree.[29] IN JaPan cERtaIn old Trees GrowInG near shinto
TemplEs Are regarded as saCred, And bound wIth A fIllEt Of strAW rope,
"aS if TheY were teNanted bY A diViNE SPiRit."[30] Japanese mytholoGy
TELlS of holy _sAkaki_ tREeS gROwing on tHe mouNtaiN OF HeavEn, anD Of A
herb of iMmortaLItY tO be gathErEd on thE ISlaNd oF EterNAl YoUth.

AmoNgst the sEmi-ciVIlised races whiCH border upon thESe ANCiENt stAteS
the tree is sTill ALmosT uniVErSalLY regaRded aS tHE dWElling-place of a
spiriT, aNd as suCh is pRotected, venerAted, and oftEN PResented With
OFfERings. In Sumatra And BoRneo certaiN Old trees Are heLd to be
saCred, and thE dYaks woulD reGarD thEir DEStRuction as an imPIOus aCt.
the MintIra Of the MaLay penInsUla BeLieve that Trees are InHaBiTeD by
TerriBLe spiritS cApaBlE of InfliCTing diSeaseS. The taLeIN of burmah
nEVeR CUt doWn A tRee wIthOuT a praYer tO The IndwellIng spirit. the
sIameSe HaVe such vEneration for tHe Takhien-treE tHat They ofFER it
cakes And rice before felling it; sO Strong, iNdeEd, is tHeir Dread of
deStrOying tReeS Of any kInd, and ThereBy OffENDing tHE GoDs iNhAbiting
theM, THat All neCeSsarY tree-feLling is relegated to THe lOwest
criminalS. EvEn at THE pResENt DAy tHeY FreQUEntly make offeriNgs to the
trEe-DWeLling spiriTS, anD hAng giftS on any tRee whOSe deity They
desirE to propit
 the sacred tree decorated  with garl andsand 
su rr ound ed b y votaries, wh i lstthe worship of the tre es id en t ifie d  w ith
t he vari o us B udd ha sisre p ea tedly  re present ed on theStu pa  of Bharhut. 
[ Illustrati on:  Fig. 8.--Sa cre d tree  w ith worsh ipp ers,from e a sterngateway o fB uddhis t  Tope a t Sa nchi .(Fergusson's Tre e  a n d Serpent Wors hip
(1 86 8 ), P lat e x xv.)]

The re  is v e ry litt l ee v i den c e of the exis tence of tr e e-w orship  a mon g st
the  Chin es e , b ut they hav e atradition  of aT ree ofL ife, an d of a  dr ink 
ofi mm or tal it y  ma d efro m  va rious sa cr ed  plan ts.T h e y  als o m akeuse o f
the divinin g-r od,w hic h isan of fsho ot  of t ree-wo rship ,and certain
Tao istmedals, l ike  t heta lisma n s worn  in  Ja va, bea r the f a mil ia r s ym bol
of the sacredtr e e .[ 29] In J apan c e rt ai n  old tre es  gr owin g nearShin t otemplesare re g ar de d as sa cr ed, an dbou ndwitha  fil let of  straw r ope," as if they wer e  tenanted bya  d i v in e  spi rit ."[30] Japa nese myth olog y 
t ell s  of h oly _ sa k ak i _ trees growing onth e Moun tainof Heaven, an d of a
her b o f immort alit y  t o  be gathered o n the  Island of EternalYouth .

Among st the se m i -civilis edrac eswhi c h  b order upon th e s e an ci ent sta tes 
the tr eeissti llal most univ ersallyre ga rd ed  as  thed welling- pl ace  o f a 
spir i t, and  as s uchis  p r ote cted, v e ne r a ted,  a nd  oft enpr esent ed w i thofferin gs. In Su mat r a an dBo rneo ce rtain old tre es  are heldto  be 
sacre d ,  and the  Dyaks would regard the i r destr uct ion a s an  impiousact .
TheMin t ira of  the M alayPe nin s u la be l i ev e t ha t trees ar e inh abite dby
t errible  spirits capable o f  in flicting dise ase s. T h e  T ale i no f B ur m ahn e ver cut down atree witho ut aprayer tot hein dwellin g spiri t. Th e 
Siames e have su ch venera ti on f o r  th e takhien- tree tha t they of f er it ca kes a ndrice b ef ore  fell ing it ;  so  stro ng, in de ed, is  thei rdread of 
destroying trees of an y kind , and  th ereby off end i ngthe godsinha biting
the m,tha t all  ne c essar y tr e e- fel l ing i s re l egated to th e l o w es t
criminals . E ven  at t hep resent  day  they frequentlym ake offeringsto t h e 
tr ee- d well in g spirits, and  ha ng g ifts onan y tree whos e deityth e y
des ire to  propi t
 the_sacred tree_decorated with garlands and
surrounded_by votaries,_whilst_the worship_of_the trees identified_with
the various Buddhas_is repeatedly represented on_the Stupa of_Bharhut.

[Illustration:_Fig. 8.--Sacred tree with worshippers, from eastern
gateway of Buddhist Tope at Sanchi.(Fergusson's Tree and_Serpent_Worship
(1868), Plate_xxv.)]

There_is_very little evidence of the_existence of tree-worship amongst
the Chinese,_but they_have a tradition of a Tree of Life,_and_of a drink
of_immortality made from various sacred plants. They also make_use of
the divining-rod, which is an_offshoot of tree-worship,_and_certain
Taoist_medals, like the talismans_worn in Java, bear the familiar_symbol
of the sacred tree.[29] In Japan_certain old trees growing near Shinto
temples are_regarded as sacred, and bound with_a fillet of straw rope,
"as_if they_were tenanted by a divine_spirit."[30] Japanese mythology
tells_of holy__sakaki_ trees growing_on the Mountain of Heaven, and_of a
herb of_immortality to be gathered on the_Island_of Eternal Youth.

Amongst_the_semi-civilised_races which_border upon these_ancient_states
the tree_is_still almost universally regarded as the_dwelling-place_of a
spirit, and as such is protected,_venerated, and often presented_with
offerings._In Sumatra and Borneo_certain old trees are held_to be
sacred, and the Dyaks would_regard their_destruction as_an impious act.
The Mintira of the Malay Peninsula believe that trees_are inhabited by
terrible spirits capable of_inflicting diseases. The Talein_of Burmah
never_cut_down a tree_without_a prayer_to the indwelling spirit. The
Siamese have such_veneration for_the takhien-tree that they offer it
cakes_and rice before felling_it;_so strong, indeed, is their dread_of
destroying trees of any kind, and_thereby offending the gods inhabiting
them,_that_all_necessary tree-felling is relegated to_the lowest
criminals. Even at the present_day they frequently_make offerings to the
tree-dwelling spirits, and hang_gifts_on any tree whose deity they
desire_to_propit