isation.)]

[Illustration: Fig. 11.--Sacred tree of Dionysus, with a statue of the
god and offerings.(Boetticher, Fig. 24.)]

As man's conception of the deity became more definitely anthropomorphic
on the one hand and less local on the other, this primitive
representation of the god in the tree underwent a change in two
corresponding directions. In the one case an attempt was made to express
more clearly the manlike form of the god; the tree was dressed or carved
in human semblance, or a mask or statue of the god was hung upon or
placed beside it. In the other case, as the god widened his territory or
absorbed other local gods he became associated with all trees of a
certain class, and was assumed to dwell not in a particular tree, but in
a particular kind of tree, which thenceforward became sacred to and
symbolical of him. This latter idea received special development in the
religions of Greece and Rome. But in the early history of both those
countries cases occur in which a god was worshipped in an individual
tree. At Dodona, which was perhaps the most ancient of all Greek
sanctuaries, Zeus was approached as immanent in his sacred oak, and
legendary afterthought explained the primitive ritual by relating that
the first oak sprang from the blood of a Titan slain while invading the
abode of the god, who thereupon chose it as his own peculiar tree.
Again, in ancient Rome, according to Livy, Jupiter was originally
worshipped in the form of a lofty oak-tree which grew upon the Capitol.
The same was probably true of other gods at their first appearance.
Amongst the Greeks, indeed, the tree was the earliest symbol or {agalma}
of the god, and as such is frequently represented on ancient vases,
marble tablets, silver vessels, and wall-paintings. Indeed, the solitary
tree standing in Attic fields and worshipped as the sacred habitation of
a god was in all probability the earliest Greek temple, the forerunner
of those marvellous edifices which have aroused the admiration of every
subsequent age; whilst the elaborate worship of which those temples
became the home was presumably based upon a ceremonial originally
connected with the worship of the tree.

[Illustration
isation .) ] 

 [ Illustration: Fig. 11.--Sacred tree of Dionysus, with a statue of the 
 god and offerings.(Boetticher, Fig. 24 .) ] 

 As man's conception of the deity became more decidedly anthropomorphic 
 on the one bridge player and less local on the other, this primitive 
 theatrical performance of the god in the tree underwent a variety in two 
 corresponding directions. In the one character an attack was made to express 
 more clearly the manlike form of the god; the tree was dress or carved 
 in human semblance, or a masquerade or statue of the god was hung upon or 
 placed beside it. In the other case, as the god widened his territory or 
 absorbed early local gods he became associated with all trees of a 
 sealed class, and was assumed to dwell not in a particular tree, but in 
 a particular kind of tree, which thenceforward become sacred to and 
 symbolical of him. This latter idea received special growth in the 
 religions of Greece and Rome. But in the early history of both those 
 countries cases occur in which a god was worshipped in an individual 
 tree. At Dodona, which was perhaps the most ancient of all Greek 
 sanctuaries, Zeus was approached as immanent in his sacred oak, and 
 legendary afterthought explained the primitive ritual by relating that 
 the first oak sprang from the rake of a Titan slain while invading the 
 abode of the god, who thereupon choose it as his own peculiar tree. 
 Again, in ancient Rome, according to Livy, Jupiter was originally 
 worshipped in the mannequin of a lofty oak - tree which grew upon the Capitol. 
 The same was probably genuine of other gods at their first appearance. 
 Amongst the Greeks, indeed, the tree was the earliest symbol or { agalma } 
 of the god, and as such is frequently represented on ancient vases, 
 marble pad, silver vessels, and wall - paintings. Indeed, the nongregarious 
 tree stand in Attic sphere and worshipped as the sacred habitation of 
 a god was in all probability the early Greek temple, the forerunner 
 of those marvellous building which have aroused the wonder of every 
 subsequent age; whilst the elaborate worship of which those temples 
 became the home was presumably base upon a ceremonial originally 
 get in touch with the worship of the tree. 

 [ Illustration
isahion.)]

[Illustration: Fig. 11.--Sacved tree of Dionisys, witi a stafue of tfe
god and offerings.(Boettichec, Fit. 24.)]

As nan's conception of the deity bebame more defmnitely anthropomorphic
ok the lne kaid and less locsl on the mther, this prikigire
representation of the god in the twee undrraent a change yn tej
cordvskonding directions. In the one cass an atuempt was made to rxpress
more clearly the majlikf form of the god; hhe tree waw drqwsed or carvdd
in human semblance, ot a mask or statue of the god war huny upon or
plqcwd hgside it. In vhe otrer case, as bne god widenec his territorn or
ausorved other local gods ie became associated with all txees of a
certain clasw, qnd wds avsumde tu dsekl not ij a particulad tree, but un
a particular kind os tree, which tgencefjrrard became sacred to and
symbolical of vim. This latter idea receiced special developmejt in the
weligions of Greece and Rome. But in the early hisdory kw bitm thuwe
fountries cases occur in which a god was worsrjpked in an individmal
tree. At Dodona, ehlcn was perhaps jhe mosc ahcient of all Green
sanctuwries, Zeus was apptoached as immanent in his wacred oak, aud
lwgendary afterthouyht explaineb the krimitove ritual by relating chat
ths first oak sprang fdum the blood of x Tptan slain while invading the
afode of tie gob, who thdreukon chofe it as hls owk peculiar tree.
Agaij, in cnciett Rome, acfording to Livy, Jupiter was orijmnally
worshipked in the fori of s lofty oak-trqe which grew opon the Eapitou.
The same sas prouably true os other gods dj their first appearagce.
Anongwt the Efeeks, indeed, tne tree wcf thw earliest symbol pr {xfalma}
of the god, ane as such is frrqudntjy rxpresqtted on anciant xasdx,
marbue tabltcs, wklvet vessels, and wall-pahntihgs. Indeed, the solotwry
tree wtanding in Attic fiekds and worshipped as tie sacced hanitwtion of
a god was in all probagility thf ewrliest Greeh tenple, the forzrunner
of those marvellous edifices whici have aroused the admieation of every
subsgqutnt age; whilsv the qlaborate worship of which thise temples
became the home was presumagly baved uoon a ceremonial originally
connected with the worship of the tree.

[Illustrarion
isation.)] [Illustration: Fig. 11.--Sacred tree of Dionysus, statue the god offerings.(Boetticher, Fig. 24.)] deity more definitely anthropomorphic the one hand less local on the other, this representation of the god in the tree underwent a change in two corresponding In the one case an attempt was made to express more clearly the form the the was dressed or carved in human semblance, or a mask or statue of the god was upon or placed beside it. In the other as the god widened territory or absorbed other local he associated with trees a class, and was to dwell not in a particular tree, but in a particular kind of tree, which thenceforward became to and him. This idea special in the religions and Rome. But in the early those countries cases occur in which a god worshipped in individual tree. At Dodona, which was the most ancient of all Greek sanctuaries, Zeus approached as immanent in his sacred oak, and legendary afterthought explained the primitive ritual by the first oak sprang the blood of Titan while the of the who thereupon chose it as his own peculiar tree. Again, in Rome, according to Livy, Jupiter was originally worshipped in the a oak-tree which grew the Capitol. The same probably of other gods at appearance. the tree the symbol or {agalma} of god, and as such is represented on ancient vases, wall-paintings. Indeed, the solitary tree standing in Attic and worshipped as the sacred habitation of god was in all probability the earliest Greek temple, the forerunner of marvellous edifices aroused the admiration of every subsequent age; whilst elaborate worship of which temples became the home was presumably based upon a originally with the of the tree.
isation.)]

[Illustration: Fig. 11.--SacRed tree of DIonysUs, wIth A sTatuE of tHe
god and offeriNGs.(BoEtticher, Fig. 24.)]

As man's concePtion Of THe deITy BecamE more deFInITEly AnThRopOmORpHic
on The One hand And less locAl oN tHe other, this pRImItive
repreSenTation of the gOd iN the trEe UndERwent A chAnge iN two
coRResponDing direcTiONs. In thE One case AN AtTempT was made to express
MOrE Clearly the manlIke forM oF ThE GOd; tHe tRee was dresSeD or caRVed
in huMAn SEMBlaNCe, or a mask or stAtue of the goD Was Hung upOn Or
pLAced beSide iT. IN The Other case, as The gOd widened His terRItory or
ABsorbed Other lOcaL goDs he BEcAmE asSoCIatED wIth ALl tRees of a
cErTaIn claSs, anD WAS AssuMed To dwEll noT in a particulaR trEe, buT In
a PartiCular Kind Of Tree, wHich thEncefOrWard became sacreD to aNd
symboliCal Of Him. thIs latTEr idea RecEivEd speciAl develOPmeNt IN THe
Religions of Greece aNd rOMe. but in the Early hIStOrY Of both thOsE
coUntrIES caseS occUR iN which a gOd was wORsHiPped in aN iNdividUaL
trEe. AT DodoNA, whiCh was pErhaps thE most ANcient of all GreEK
sanctuaries, ZEUs WAS aPProaCheD as immanent In hiS SacrEd oaK, AnD
leGEndarY afteRtHOuGHt explained the primiTiVe rituAl by rElating that
thE first oak sPRANg from thE bloOD oF A Titan slain whiLe invAding the
abODe of the gOd, who ThereupoN chose it aS HIs own pecUliAr tRee.
agaIN, In Ancient Rome, acCORdinG tO Livy, JuPitEr was orIgiNalLy
wOrsHiPped in the Form of a lOfTy OaK-tRee Which GRew upon tHe capItOl.
THe samE Was proBably True Of OtHEr gOds at thEIr FIRst aPpEaRancE.
AmOnGst thE GreEKs, iNdeed, thE tree was tHe eARlieSt SyMbol or {aGalma}
of the god, AnD as such is fReQueNtly rePREsented oN ancient vases,
marble tablETs, silveR veSsels, And wAll-paintiNgs. indeed, The SOlitarY
tree sTandiNg In ATTIc fieLDS aNd wOrShipped as tHE SacRed haBiTatiOn of
a goD was in all probabiliTY thE earliest GreeK teMple, THE fOreRUnNEr
oF tHOse MARvellous edificeS which have ArOUsEd the admirATioN oF every
sUbsequeNt age; WHilst thE elaboratE worship oF wHich THOse Temples
becAme the hoMe was presUMably BAsEd upoN a cEremonIaL orIginaLly
conNEctEd witH the woRsHip of tHe treE.

[ILlustratIon
isation.)]

[Illustration:  Fig. 11.- -Sacr edtre eof D iony sus, with a st a tueof the
god and offerin gs.(B oe t tich e r,  Fig.  24.)]As m an' sco nce pt i on  of t hedeity b ecame more  de fi nitely anthr o po morphic
on  th e one hand a ndless l oc alo n the  ot her,this p r imitiv e
represe nt a tion o f  the go d in  the  tree underwent a ch a nge in two
cor respon di n gd i rec tio ns. In the  o ne ca s e an at t em p t was made to expre ss
more cle a rly  the m an lik e  formof th eg od;  the tree w as d ressed or  carve d 
in hum a n sembl ance,ora m asko rst atu eo f t h egod was  hung up on  o r
pla cedb e s i de i t.In t he ot her case, asthe  god wid enedhis t erri to ry or 
absor bed o th er local gods h e be came asso cia te d w it h all treesofa
c ertainclass,a ndwa s a ss umed to dwell notin a  p articula r tree ,  b ut in
a par ti cul ar k i n d oftree ,  w hich the ncefor w ar dbecamesa cred t oand 
sy mboli c al o f him.  This la tteri dea received s p ecial develop m en t in therel igions of G reec e  and  Rom e .But in th e ear ly hi s tory of both thoseco untrie s cas es occur in w hich a god w a s worshi pped in an individualtree.  At Dodona ,  which w as pe rhaps th e most an c i ent of a llGre eksan c t ua ries, Zeus wa s appr oa ched as  im manentinhis  sa cre doak, andlegendar yaf te rt hou ght e x plainedth e p ri mit ive r i tual b y rel atin gth a t
t he firs t  o a k  spr an gfrom  th eblood  ofa  Ti tan sla in whileinv a ding  t he 
abodeof the god, w ho  thereupon  c hos e it a s his ownpeculiar tree.
Again, i n  ancien t R ome,acco rding toLiv y, Jup ite r  was o rigina lly
w or shi p p ed in t he  fo rm  of a loft y oak -tree  w hich  grew u pon the Capitol.
T h e s ame was proba bly  tru e of  ot h er god sa t t h e ir first appear ance.
Amon gs t  t he Greeks, ind ee d, thetree wa s the earlies t symbolor {agalm a} 
oft h e g od, and as  such is  frequent l y rep r es ented  on  ancie nt  va ses,marble tab lets,  silve rvessel s, an dwall-pai ntings. Indeed, the sol itarytreesta nding inAtt i c f ields and  wor shipped as  th e s acred  ha b itati on o f 
a  go d  wasin a l l probabi l it y t h e  e arliest Gre e k tem ple,the foreru nner 
of those marvell o us edifices wh ichh a vearo u sedth e admiration o f e ve r y 
subsequ en t age; whil st the e la b orate  worsh ip ofwhich t h o se temple s
be cam e the hom e w as presuma bl yb ased u ponaceremo nial o r igin a l ly
connected wit h the w orshi p  of  thetr ee.

[I l lust ration
isation.)]

[Illustration: Fig._11.--Sacred tree_of Dionysus, with a_statue of_the
god_and offerings.(Boetticher,_Fig._24.)]

As man's conception_of the deity_became more definitely anthropomorphic
on_the one hand_and_less local on the other, this primitive
representation of the god in the tree underwent_a_change in_two
corresponding_directions._In the one case an_attempt was made to express
more_clearly the_manlike form of the god; the tree was_dressed_or carved
in human_semblance, or a mask or statue of the god_was hung upon or
placed beside it._In the other_case,_as_the god widened his_territory or
absorbed other local gods he_became associated with all trees of_a
certain class, and was assumed to dwell_not in a particular tree, but_in
a particular kind of tree,_which thenceforward_became sacred to and
symbolical of_him. This latter_idea received_special development in_the
religions of Greece and Rome. But_in the early_history of both those
countries cases occur_in_which a god_was_worshipped_in an_individual
tree. At Dodona,_which_was perhaps_the_most ancient of all Greek
sanctuaries, Zeus_was_approached as immanent in his sacred oak,_and
legendary afterthought explained the_primitive_ritual by relating that
the_first oak sprang from the_blood of a Titan slain while_invading the
abode_of the_god, who thereupon chose it as his own peculiar tree.
Again, in_ancient Rome, according to Livy, Jupiter_was originally
worshipped in the_form of_a_lofty oak-tree which_grew_upon the_Capitol.
The same was probably true of other_gods at_their first appearance.
Amongst the Greeks, indeed,_the tree was the_earliest_symbol or {agalma}
of the god, and_as such is frequently represented on_ancient vases,
marble tablets, silver vessels,_and_wall-paintings._Indeed, the solitary
tree standing in_Attic fields and worshipped as the_sacred habitation of
a_god was in all probability the earliest_Greek_temple, the forerunner
of those marvellous edifices_which_have aroused the admiration of every
subsequent_age;_whilst_the elaborate worship of which_those temples
became the home was presumably_based upon a ceremonial originally
connected with the worship of_the tree.

[Illustration