 Thus, for example, it is
only once in every eight years that the full moon coincides with the
longest or shortest day; and as this coincidence can be observed with the
aid of a simple dial, the observation is naturally one of the first to
furnish a base for a calendar which shall bring lunar and solar times into
tolerable, though not exact, harmony.(164) But in early days the proper
adjustment of the calendar is a matter of religious concern, since on it
depends a knowledge of the right seasons for propitiating the deities
whose favour is indispensable to the welfare of the community.(165) No
wonder, therefore, that the king, as the chief priest of the state, or as
himself a god, should be liable to deposition or death at the end of an
astronomical period. When the great luminaries had run their course on
high, and were about to renew the heavenly race, it might well be thought
that the king should renew his divine energies, or prove them unabated,
under pain of making room for a more vigorous successor. In southern
India, as we have seen, the king's reign and life terminated with the
revolution of the planet Jupiter round the sun. In Greece, on the other
hand, the king's fate seems to have hung in the balance at the end of
every eight years, ready to fly up and kick the beam as soon as the
opposite scale was loaded with a falling star.

(M51) The same train of thought may explain an ancient Greek custom which
appears to have required that a homicide should be banished his country,
and do penance for a period of eight or nine years.(166) With the
beginning of a new cycle or great year, as it was called, it might be
thought that all nature was regenerate, all old scores wiped out.
According to Pindar, the dead whose guilt had been purged away by an abode
of eight years in the nether world were born again on earth in the ninth
year as glorious kings, athletes, and sages.(167) The doctrine may well be
an old popular belief rather than a mere poetical fancy. If so, it would
supply a fresh reason for the banishment of a homicide during the years
that the angry ghost of his victim might at any moment issue from its
prison-
Thus, for example, it is 
 only once in every eight years that the wide lunar month coincides with the 
 longest or shortest sidereal day; and as this coincidence can be observed with the 
 aid of a elementary dial, the observation is naturally one of the first to 
 supply a basis for a calendar which shall bring lunar and solar time into 
 tolerable, though not exact, harmony.(164) But in early days the proper 
 adjustment of the calendar is a matter of religious concern, since on it 
 depend a knowledge of the right seasons for propitiate the deities 
 whose favour is essential to the welfare of the community.(165) No 
 curiosity, therefore, that the king, as the chief priest of the state, or as 
 himself a god, should be liable to deposition or death at the goal of an 
 astronomical period. When the great luminaries had run their course on 
 high, and were about to renew the heavenly race, it might well be thought 
 that the king should renew his divine energies, or prove them unabated, 
 under pain of make room for a more vigorous successor. In southern 
 India, as we have seen, the baron's reign and biography displace with the 
 revolution of the planet Jupiter round off the sun. In Greece, on the other 
 hand, the king's fortune seems to have hung in the balance at the end of 
 every eight years, ready to vanish up and kick the beam as soon as the 
 opposite plate was loaded with a fall asterisk. 

 (M51) The same train of thought may explain an ancient Greek customs which 
 appears to have required that a homicide should be banished his country, 
 and do penance for a period of eight or nine years.(166) With the 
 beginning of a new cycle or capital year, as it was called, it might be 
 think that all nature was regenerate, all old score wiped out. 
 harmonize to Pindar, the dead whose guilt had been purged aside by an abode 
 of eight years in the nether worldly concern were born again on land in the ninth 
 year as brilliant kings, athletes, and sages.(167) The doctrine may well be 
 an old popular impression rather than a mere poetical fancy. If indeed, it would 
 supply a fresh cause for the banishment of a homicide during the years 
 that the angry ghost of his victim might at any moment consequence from its 
 prison-
 Thks, for example, it is
only once in every githt yeers thaf the fuul moon coincides with the
loigesr or whortest day; and as thks coincifence cab be ibserved wmfh the
alb of z sim'lx dial, the obsetvation is ndturally one ox ghz first to
furnish a base for a calenqar whivh shall bring lonar sgd sklar times into
tolerable, though nof exact, harmony.(164) But on early days the proper
aduustlent of the calendwr is a matjsr jd religious zoncern, since on it
depgnds a knowledge of the right sexsons for propijnqtijc the deitixs
whosv favour is ikcispenvable tp the welfare pf vhe xommunity.(165) No
wonder, thxrefore, that the kind, as the whnef priest of the stare, or av
himvelf q gud, ahpumd be piaule to depoaition or dwath at the end of sn
wwtronomical psriod. Rhqn the great luminaries had run their cmurae on
high, and were abour to renew the heavenpy race, ie might well be thought
that the king should renew his vixint ckergkws, or prove them unabated,
under pain of making rjkm fpr a more vigovous successor. In xoktngrn
India, as we have seeh, the king's reign wnd lifg termunated wiuh thr
revolution of the planet Jypiter round rhe sun. In Greece, ln the othex
hand, jhe kimg's fate seems to have kung ih the balanfe at the dnd of
every eighg yvars, ready to fly up and kick ehe beam es sopn as tfe
opkosite fcale was poaded with a falling stwr.

(M51) Tke sake train ov thought may explain an ancienv Greek custok fhibh
appears to hsve required ehat a homicidg should ye bankshed his bountry,
anv do penance for a period lf eight or iine yearf.(166) Wirh tye
beginvkng of a new cucle or ggect year, aw it was called, it miegt be
thought thcu aol nature was rrgeverwtv, akl mld scores whped oug.
Sccoraing to Pinbaf, thr dead whose guilt hdd bsen purged away by ak abode
of eight yqars in the nrther world were blrn ajain oi eartn ig the ninth
year as glorious kihgs, athlehes, and sages.(167) Tre dictrine may cell be
an old popular belief rather than a mere poetical fqncy. If so, it would
xmpply a fresi reasjn for tha banishment of a honicide during the years
that the angry fhost mf hid victim might at any moment issue from its
prison-
Thus, for example, it is only once eight that the moon coincides with and this coincidence can observed with the of a simple dial, the observation naturally one of the first to furnish a base for a calendar which bring lunar and solar times into tolerable, though not exact, harmony.(164) But in days proper of calendar is a matter of religious concern, since on it depends a knowledge of the right for propitiating the deities whose favour is indispensable the welfare of the No wonder, therefore, that the as chief priest the or himself a god, be liable to deposition or death at the end of an astronomical period. When the great luminaries run their high, and about renew heavenly race, it be thought that the king should energies, or prove them unabated, under pain of room for more vigorous successor. In southern India, we have seen, the king's reign and life with the revolution of the planet Jupiter round the sun. In Greece, on the other king's fate seems to hung in the at end every years, ready fly up and kick the beam as soon as the opposite was loaded with a falling star. (M51) The same train may an ancient Greek which appears to have that homicide should be banished and penance of or years.(166) With the beginning a new cycle or great as it was called, all nature was regenerate, all old scores wiped According to Pindar, the dead whose guilt been purged away by an abode of eight years in the nether were born earth in the ninth year as glorious kings, and sages.(167) The doctrine well be an old popular belief rather than a poetical If so, would supply a reason for the of a homicide years that angry of at any moment issue from its
 Thus, for example, it is
only oncE in every eiGht yeArs ThaT tHe fuLl moOn coincides witH The
lOngest or shortest day; and As thiS cOInciDEnCe can Be obserVEd WITh tHe
AiD of A sIMpLe diaL, thE observAtion is natUraLlY one of the firST tO
furnish a bAse For a calendar WhiCh shalL bRinG Lunar And Solar Times iNTo
toleRable, thouGh NOt exacT, Harmony.(164) bUT iN earLy days the proper
adJUsTMent of the calenDar is a MaTTeR OF reLigIous concerN, sInce oN It
depenDS a KNOWleDGe of the right sEasons for prOPitIating ThE deITies
whOse faVoUR is IndispensabLe to The welfarE of the COmmunitY.(165) no
wondeR, thereForE, thAt thE KiNg, As tHe CHieF PrIesT Of tHe state, oR aS
hImselF a goD, SHOUld bE liAble To depOsition or deatH at The eND of An
astRonomIcal PeRiod. WHen the Great LuMinaries had run tHeir Course on
hIgh, AnD weRe About TO renew The HeaVenly raCe, it migHT weLl BE THoUght
that the king shoUlD REnEw his divIne eneRGiEs, OR prove thEm UnaBateD,
UNder pAin oF MaKing room For a moRE vIgOrous suCcEssor. IN sOutHerN
IndiA, As we Have seEn, the kinG's reiGN and life terminATed with the
revOLuTIOn OF the PlaNet Jupiter rOund THe suN. In GREeCe, oN The otHer
haNd, THe KIng's fate seems to have HuNg in thE balaNce at the end of
Every eight YEARs, ready tO fly UP aND kick the beam as Soon aS the
opposiTE scale waS loadEd with a fAlling staR.

(m51) the same tRaiN of ThoUghT MAy Explain an anciENT GreEk Custom wHicH
appearS to HavE reQuiReD that a homIcide shoUlD bE bAnIshEd his COuntry,
anD dO peNaNce For a pERiod of Eight Or niNe YeARs.(166) WIth the
bEGiNNIng oF a NeW cycLe oR gReat yEar, aS It wAs calleD, it might bE
thOUght ThAt All natuRe was regeneraTe, All old scorEs WipEd out.
ACCOrding to pindar, the dead whose guilt HAd been pUrgEd awaY by aN abode
of eIghT years In tHE netheR world Were bOrN agAIN on eaRTH iN thE nInth
year as GLOriOus kiNgS, athLetes, anD sages.(167) The doctrine mAY weLl be
an old popuLar BeliEF RaTheR ThAN a mErE PoeTICal fancy. If so, it wOuld
supply A fREsH reason for THe bAnIshment Of a homiCide dURing the Years
that The angry gHoSt of HIS viCtim might aT any momeNt issue frOM its
pRIsOn-
 Thus, for example, it isonly oncein ev ery  ei gh t ye arsthat the fullm ooncoincides with the
lon gestor shor t es t day ; and a s  t h i s c oi nc ide nc e  c an be  ob servedwith the
a idof  a simple di a l,  the obser vat ion is natur all y oneof  th e  firs t t o
fur nish a base f or a cale nd a r whic h  shallb r in g lu nar and solar tim e si nto
tolerable,  thoug hn ot e xac t,harmony.(1 64 ) But in earl y  d a y s  th e  proper
adjus tment of th e  ca lendar  i s a matter  of r el i gio us concern,  sin ce on itdepend s  a know l edge of  the r igh t s easo n sfo r p ro p iti a ti ngt hedeitieswh os e fav ouri s i ndis pen sabl e tothe welfare o f t he c o mmu nity. (165)  Nowo nder,  there fore,  t hat the king, a s th e chief p rie st  of  t he st a te, or  as 
hi mself a  god, s h oul db e li able to deposition  o r de ath at t he end of  a n 
astrono mi cal  per i o d. Wh en t h egreat lu minari e sha d run t he ir cou rs e o n
h igh,a nd w ere ab out to r enewt he heavenly ra c e, it might w e ll b et houg htthat the ki ng s h ould  ren e whis divin e ene rg i es ,  or prove them unab at ed,
un der p ain of making  room fora m ore vigo rous su c cessor. In sou thern 
India, as we haveseen,  the kin g's reign a nd lifeter min ate d w i t hthe
revolutio n of t he  planet  Ju piter r oun d t hesun .In Greece , on the  o th er 
h and , the king's f at e s ee msto ha v e hung  in t he b al an c e a t the e n do f 
eve ry  e ight  ye ar s, re adyt o f ly up a nd kick t heb eamas  s oon asthe
oppositesc ale was lo ad edwith a f alling s tar.

(M51) The same tr a in of t hou ght m ay e xplain an  an cientGre e k cust om whi ch
ap pe ars t o hav e re qui re d that a h o m ici de sh ou ld b e banis hed his country,
a n d d o penance for  aperi o d  o f e i gh t  or  n i ney e ars.(166) Withthe
beginn in g  o f a new cy c leor  greatyear, a s itw as call ed, it mi ght be
th ou ghtt h atall nature  was reg enerate,a ll ol d  s cores  wi ped ou t. 
Ac cordi ng toP ind ar, t he dea dwhoseguilt  h ad beenpurged away by an abode 
of ei ght y ear s in thenet h erworld wer e bo rn again o n e art h inthe ninth 
yea r  a s g l oriou s ki n gs, athle t es , a n d  s ages.(167)T h e  do ctrin e m a y well  bean old popular be l ief rather tha n am e repoe t ical  f ancy. If so, i t w ou l d 
supplyafresh reaso n for th eb anish ment o f a ho micided u ri n g theyear s
t hat the a ngr yg host of  h is victim  mig ht  at an y mome n t is s u e from its
priso n-
 Thus,_for example,_it is
only once in_every eight_years_that the_full_moon coincides with_the
longest or shortest_day; and as this_coincidence can be_observed_with the
aid of a simple dial, the observation is naturally one of the first_to
furnish_a base_for_a_calendar which shall bring lunar_and solar times into
tolerable, though_not exact,_harmony.(164) But in early days the proper
adjustment of_the_calendar is a_matter of religious concern, since on it
depends a knowledge_of the right seasons for propitiating_the deities
whose favour_is_indispensable_to the welfare of_the community.(165) No
wonder, therefore, that the_king, as the chief priest of_the state, or as
himself a god, should_be liable to deposition or death_at the end of an
astronomical_period. When_the great luminaries had run_their course on
high,_and were_about to renew_the heavenly race, it might well_be thought
that the_king should renew his divine energies,_or_prove them unabated,
under_pain_of_making room_for a more_vigorous_successor. In_southern
India,_as we have seen, the king's_reign_and life terminated with the
revolution of the_planet Jupiter round the_sun._In Greece, on the_other
hand, the king's fate seems_to have hung in the balance_at the_end of
every_eight years, ready to fly up and kick the beam as_soon as the
opposite scale was loaded_with a falling star.

(M51)_The same_train_of thought may_explain_an ancient_Greek custom which
appears to have required that_a homicide_should be banished his country,
and do_penance for a period_of_eight or nine years.(166) With the
beginning_of a new cycle or great_year, as it was called,_it_might_be
thought that all nature was_regenerate, all old scores wiped out.
According_to Pindar, the_dead whose guilt had been purged away_by_an abode
of eight years in the_nether_world were born again on earth_in_the_ninth
year as glorious kings, athletes,_and sages.(167) The doctrine may well_be
an old popular belief rather than a mere poetical_fancy. If so,_it would
supply a fresh reason_for_the_banishment of a homicide during the years
that the angry ghost_of his_victim might at_any moment issue from its
prison-