 another by the sea, and the third by a cliff edge leading
down into the wide valley below the Tchernaya and Balaklava. Reversing
the order of attack at the Alma, the Allies now changed flanks, the
British from Balaklava taking the right as far as they could afford to
go (this flank had later on to be extended by the French), while the
French from Kamiesch Bay occupied the left of the besieging line. Thus
it was not even a complete investment of the southern side. The right
of the English section was at the beginning quite _en l’air_. There
was no covering army to watch and meet the Russian army known to be
outside and free to act. Balaklava was fortified, camps were formed
on the upland; the Woronzoff road, by which Todleben, in command at
Sebastopol, communicated with the interior of Russia, was defended
by a few weak redoubts held by Turks; and the camps of the cavalry
brigades were formed in the lowland between the road and the upland
cliffs. Nothing could prevent the continual reinforcement of the
garrison, nothing could prevent an attack by Mentschikoff’s army from
Baghtcheserai; but the investing force must in that case turn its back
upon the defenders of the fortress to meet the attack of the relieving
army.

Sebastopol was neither to be invested nor reduced. The siege was merely
a means to an end, that of draining the resources of the adversary, and
the cost of doing so, both in lives and in suffering, was great in the
extreme.

The siege itself is too complex to deal with in detail. The place was
bombarded on the 17th October, and the fleet co-operated. The first
sortie was made on the 26th; by January 1854 there were 14,000 men
in hospital, and there were scarcely any horses; there was a second
sortie in March; on the 9th April there was a second bombardment, but
nothing came of it; on the 6th June there was a third bombardment and
an assault, and the Mamelon was taken; the fourth bombardment on the
17th June was also followed by an assault, the cemetery at the foot of
the Green Hill
another by the sea, and the third by a cliff edge leading 
 down into the wide valley below the Tchernaya and Balaklava. overrule 
 the decree of attack at the Alma, the Allies now changed flank, the 
 British from Balaklava taking the right equally far as they could afford to 
 go (this flank had later along to be prolong by the French), while the 
 French from Kamiesch Bay concern the left of the besieging line. Thus 
 it was not even a accomplished investment of the southern side. The right 
 of the English section was at the beginning quite _ en l’air _. There 
 was no brood army to watch and meet the Russian united states army known to be 
 outside and free to work. Balaklava was fortified, camp were formed 
 on the upland; the Woronzoff road, by which Todleben, in command at 
 Sebastopol, communicated with the interior of Russia, was maintain 
 by a few weak redoubts held by Turks; and the camps of the cavalry 
 brigades were formed in the lowland between the road and the upland 
 cliffs. Nothing could prevent the continual reinforcement of the 
 garrison, nothing could prevent an attack by Mentschikoff ’s army from 
 Baghtcheserai; but the investing force must in that case turn its back 
 upon the defenders of the fortress to meet the fire of the relieving 
 army. 

 Sebastopol was neither to be invest nor reduce. The siege was merely 
 a means to an end, that of drain the resources of the adversary, and 
 the cost of doing so, both in life and in suffering, was great in the 
 extreme. 

 The siege itself is too complex to deal with in detail. The seat was 
 bombarded on the 17th October, and the fleet co - operated. The first 
 sortie was make on the 26th; by January 1854 there were 14,000 serviceman 
 in hospital, and there constitute scarcely any horses; there was a second 
 sortie in March; on the ninth April there was a second bombardment, but 
 nothing came of it; on the 6th June there was a third bombardment and 
 an assault, and the Mamelon was taken; the fourth bombardment on the 
 seventeenth June was also followed by an assault, the cemetery at the foot of 
 the Green Hill
 anlther by the sea, and the third by a cliyd edge leadihg
down ivto the wide valley below thx Tcyernata and Balaklava. Reverring
the ogder of artacj at the Alma, the Allies hlw ckaiged flanks, the
Nritish frok Balaklava tanivg the right as far as they could affjrd to
gp (hhis flank had lattr jn tk be extended by the French), while fhe
Frenbh from Kamiesch Nay occupied the left of tje bfsieging line. Thus
lt was not gben q complete ivvestment of the southgrn side. The right
of the English sectnon was at jkw bfcinning quive _en j’air_. There
was no covaring atmy to watch akd mext tye Russian army known to be
outside and sree to awt. Balaklava was foetufied, cam[s wdee worjev
on the uolaid; the Worohzoff road, vy which Todleben, im simmand at
Sebaatopol, cjmmunicated with the interior of Russia, waa defended
by a few weak redoubts held by Turns; and thq camps of the cavalry
brigades were formed in the lowlena bttqeen gye road and the upland
cliffs. Nothing could prevqht tme continual reikforcement of the
gsrgixjn, nothing coold prersnf an attack by Menhschikosf’s aemy from
Bwghtvheserai; but the investing dorce must iu tyat case turn its yack
upon the defgnders of the fortress to meec the zttack of tje relievjvg
army.

Sebastopol wax teither uu be invested nor reduced. Vhe snege was mergly
a mewns to an fnd, tmdt of draining the resoorces mf the advfrsary, and
the cost of doing so, upth in lives atd pn suffernng, wax great in thq
extreme.

The sigge itsely is tuo complex to dean with in dqtail. The plawg was
bombardev on the 17eh Oxtobwr, and gfe fleet co-opetated. The first
sortue was made on the 26th; gy January 1854 thext wtrw 14,000 men
in hospiyal, anq nhece wewa scarcely aty hursdx; thefe was a segona
soryie in March; on the 9dh Alril there was a srcjnd bombqrdment, fut
nothing cake of it; on the 6th June thxre wax a third bombardment and
an assaumt, and thf Mwmelon was twken; the fourth yombardment on the
17th June was also folloxed by an assault, the cwmetery at the foot pf
the Green Hill
another by the sea, and the third cliff leading down the wide valley Reversing order of attack the Alma, the now changed flanks, the British from taking the right as far as they could afford to go (this flank later on to be extended by the French), while the French from Kamiesch occupied left the line. Thus it was not even a complete investment of the southern side. The right of English section was at the beginning quite _en There was no covering to watch and meet the army to be and to Balaklava was fortified, were formed on the upland; the Woronzoff road, by which Todleben, in command at Sebastopol, communicated with interior of defended by few redoubts by Turks; and of the cavalry brigades were formed between the road and the upland cliffs. Nothing prevent the reinforcement of the garrison, nothing could an attack by Mentschikoff’s army from Baghtcheserai; but investing force must in that case turn its back upon the defenders of the fortress the attack of the army. Sebastopol was to invested reduced. siege was a means to an end, that of draining the resources of adversary, and the cost of doing so, both in lives suffering, great in the The siege itself is complex deal with in detail. was on and fleet The first sortie was on the 26th; by January there were 14,000 men scarcely any horses; there was a second sortie March; on the 9th April there was second bombardment, but nothing came of it; on the 6th June there a third an assault, and the Mamelon was taken; the bombardment on the 17th was also followed by an assault, the cemetery at foot the Green
 another by the sea, and the thirD by a cliff eDge leAdiNg
dOwN intO the Wide valley beloW The TChernaya and Balaklava. ReVersiNg
THe orDEr Of attAck at thE alMA, The alLiEs nOw CHaNged fLanKs, the
BrItish from BAlaKlAva taking the RIgHt as far as tHey Could afford tO
go (This flAnK haD Later On tO be exTended BY the FrEnch), while ThE
french FRom KamiESCh bay oCcupied the left of tHE bESieging line. ThuS
it was NoT EvEN A coMplEte investmEnT of thE SoutherN SiDE. tHe rIGht
of the EngliSh section waS At tHe begiNnIng QUite _en L’air_. THeRE
waS no covering Army To watch anD meet tHE RussiaN Army knoWn to be
OutSidE and FReE tO acT. BALakLAvA waS ForTified, caMpS wEre foRmed
ON THE uplAnd; The WOronzOff road, by whicH ToDlebEN, in CommaNd at
SEbasToPol, coMmunicAted wItH the interior of RUssiA, was defenDed
By A feW wEak reDOubts hEld By TUrks; and The campS Of tHe CAVAlRy
brigades were formEd IN ThE lowland BetweeN ThE rOAd and the UpLanD
cliFFS. NothIng cOUlD prevent The conTInUaL reinfoRcEment oF tHe
gArrIson, nOThinG could Prevent aN attaCK by MentschikofF’S army from
BaghTChESErAI; but The Investing foRce mUSt in That CAsE tuRN its bAck
upOn THe DEfenders of the fortreSs To meet The atTack of the reliEving
army.

SEBAStopol waS neiTHeR To be invested noR reduCed. The siegE Was merelY
a meaNs to an enD, that of drAINing the rEsoUrcEs oF thE ADvErsary, and
the cOST of dOiNg so, botH in Lives anD in SufFerIng, WaS great in tHe
extremE.

THe SiEgE itSelf iS Too complEx To dEaL wiTh in dETail. ThE placE was
BoMbARdeD on the 17tH ocTOBer, aNd ThE fleEt cO-oPeratEd. ThE FirSt
sortiE was made oN thE 26Th; by jaNuAry 1854 therE were 14,000 men
in hosPiTal, and therE wEre ScarceLY Any horseS; there was a second
sortie iN march; on The 9Th AprIl thEre was a seConD bombaRdmENt, but
nOthing Came oF iT; on THE 6th JuNE ThEre WaS a third bomBARdmEnt anD
aN assAult, and The Mamelon was taken; THe fOurth bombardmEnt On thE
17TH JUne WAs ALso FoLLowED By an assault, the cEmetery at tHe FOoT of
the GreeN hilL
 another by the sea, and t he third b y a c lif f e dg e le adin g
down into th e  wid e valley below the Tch ernay aa nd B a la klava . Rever s in g the  o rd erof at tackatthe Alm a, the All ies  n ow changed f l an ks, the
Br iti sh from Bala kla va tak in g t h e rig htas fa r as t h ey cou ld afford  t o 
go (t h is flan k ha d la ter on to be exte n de d  by the French ), whi le th e Fre nch  from Kami es ch Ba y  occupi e dt h e  le f t of the besi eging line. Thu s
it w as  no t  evena com pl e teinvestmentof t he southe rn sid e . The r i ght
ofthe En gli shsect i on  w asat the be gin n ing  quite _ en  l ’air_ . Th e r e wasnocove ringarmy to watch  an d me e t t he Ru ssian  arm yknown  to be 
outs id e and free to a ct.Balaklava  wa sfor ti fied, campswer e f ormed
o n the u p lan d; t h eWoronzoff road, by  w h i ch  Todlebe n, inc om ma n d at
Seb as top ol,c o mmuni cate d  w ith theinteri o rof  Russia ,was de fe nde d
b y a f e w we ak red oubts he ld by Turks; and the camps of thec av a l ry brig ade s were form ed i n  the  low l an d b e tween  thero a da nd the upland
cliff s.  Nothi ng co uld prevent t he continu a l reinforc emen t  o f  the
garrison,  noth ing couldp revent a n att ack by M entschiko f f ’s armyfro m
B agh tch e s er ai; but the i n v esti ng  forcemus t in th atcas e t urn  i ts back
u pon thede fe nd er s o f the fortress  t o m ee t t he at t ack of  thereli ev in g 
ar my.

Se b as t o polwa sneit her  t o beinve s ted  nor re duced. Th e s i egewa smerelya means to an  e nd, that o fdra iningt h e resour ces of the adversary, a n d
the c ost  of d oing  so, both  in  lives  an d  in su fferin g, wa sgre a t  in t h e 
e xtr em e.

The si e g e i tself  i s to o compl ex to deal with in det ail. The plac e w as
b o m ba rde d  o n  th e1 7th O ctober, and the  fleet co- op e ra ted. The f i rst 
s ortie w as made  on t h e 26th;  by Janua ry 1854 t he re w e r e 1 4,000 menin hospi tal, andt herew er e sca rce ly any  h ors es; t here w a s a  seco nd
sor ti e in M arch;  o n the 9t h April there was a sec ond bo mbard men t, but
no thi n g c ame of it ; on  the 6th J une  th ere w asa  thir d bo m ba rdm e nt an d
an assault,a nd  th e Ma melon was t a k e n;the f our t h bomb ardm ent on the
17th J u ne was also fo llow e d  by  an assa ul t, the cemeter y a tt h e foot o fthe Green H ill
 another_by the_sea, and the third_by a_cliff_edge leading
down_into_the wide valley_below the Tchernaya_and Balaklava. Reversing
the order_of attack at_the_Alma, the Allies now changed flanks, the
British from Balaklava taking the right as far_as_they could_afford_to
go_(this flank had later on_to be extended by the_French), while_the
French from Kamiesch Bay occupied the left of_the_besieging line. Thus
it_was not even a complete investment of the southern_side. The right
of the English section_was at the_beginning_quite__en l’air_. There
was no_covering army to watch and meet_the Russian army known to be
outside_and free to act. Balaklava was fortified,_camps were formed
on the upland; the_Woronzoff road, by which Todleben,_in command_at
Sebastopol, communicated with the interior_of Russia, was_defended
by a_few weak redoubts_held by Turks; and the camps_of the cavalry
brigades_were formed in the lowland between_the_road and the_upland
cliffs._Nothing_could prevent_the continual reinforcement_of_the
garrison, nothing_could_prevent an attack by Mentschikoff’s army_from
Baghtcheserai;_but the investing force must in that_case turn its back
upon_the_defenders of the fortress_to meet the attack of_the relieving
army.

Sebastopol was neither to be_invested nor_reduced. The_siege was merely
a means to an end, that of draining the_resources of the adversary, and
the cost_of doing so, both_in lives_and_in suffering, was_great_in the
extreme.

The_siege itself is too complex to deal_with in_detail. The place was
bombarded on the_17th October, and the_fleet_co-operated. The first
sortie was made on_the 26th; by January 1854 there_were 14,000 men
in hospital, and_there_were_scarcely any horses; there was_a second
sortie in March; on the_9th April there_was a second bombardment, but
nothing came of_it;_on the 6th June there was_a_third bombardment and
an assault, and the_Mamelon_was_taken; the fourth bombardment on_the
17th June was also followed by_an assault, the cemetery at the foot of
the Green_Hill