
volume, published after his removal to Birmingham. After some years
spent in this way, he was pensioned off, and settled as minister of
a meeting-house in Birmingham, where he employed his time partly
in theological controversy, and partly in prosecuting researches in
chemistry. He published during this period another three volumes giving
a description of his experiments on air, and communicated several
papers to the _Philosophical Transactions_ of the Royal Society, of
which he had been made a Fellow. Towards the year 1790 he was so
unfortunate as to attack Burke’s book on the French Revolution; and
this had the effect of rousing popular opinion against him, more
especially that of the local clergy, whose political views he had
frequently opposed. During the riots which took place at Birmingham
in 1791, his house was burned, and he was obliged to escape to London
under an assumed name. After some years spent in the charge of a
meeting-house at Hackney, he left England for America. His opinions,
though by no means uncommon at the present day, were so antagonistic to
those of his English contemporaries that he was cut by his Fellows of
the Royal Society, and he therefore resigned his Fellowship. And this
feeling was in no way lessened by the action of the French Government
of the time, which made him a Citizen of the Republic, and even chose
him as a member of their Legislative Assembly. Arriving in America in
1795, he was well received, and settled at Northumberland, not far from
Philadelphia. There he died in 1804.

[Illustration: JOSEPH PRIESTLEY.]

In Priestley’s work on gases he employed the form of apparatus which
had been used by Mayow a century before. Such apparatus is indeed
generally used now: the flasks with bent delivery-tubes, the Wolff’s
bottles with two necks, and the pneumatic trough filled with water or
mercury were his chief utensils. By means of such apparatus, gases
can be collected in a state of comparative purity: they can be easily
transferred from one vessel to another, and substances which it is
desired to submit to their action can be readily introduced. Scheele,
on the other hand, employed less convenient methods: his gases were
generally
volume, published after his removal to Birmingham. After some years 
 spent in this direction, he was pension off, and settled as minister of 
 a merging - sign of the zodiac in Birmingham, where he employed his time partially 
 in theological controversy, and partly in prosecuting researches in 
 chemistry. He print during this period another three volumes give 
 a description of his experiments on air, and communicate respective 
 papers to the _ Philosophical Transactions _ of the Royal Society, of 
 which he had been made a Fellow. Towards the class 1790 he was so 
 inauspicious as to assail Burke ’s book on the French Revolution; and 
 this had the effect of rousing democratic opinion against him, more 
 especially that of the local clergy, whose political scene he had 
 frequently opposed. During the rioting which took position at Birmingham 
 in 1791, his house was burned, and he was obliged to elude to London 
 under an assumed name. After some years spent in the charge of a 
 meeting - house at Hackney, he left England for America. His opinions, 
 though by no means uncommon at the present day, were so antagonistic to 
 those of his English contemporaries that he was cut by his Fellows of 
 the Royal Society, and he therefore resigned his Fellowship. And this 
 feeling was in no manner lessened by the action of the French Government 
 of the prison term, which construct him a Citizen of the Republic, and even chose 
 him as a member of their Legislative Assembly. Arriving in America in 
 1795, he was well received, and settled at Northumberland, not far from 
 Philadelphia. There he died in 1804. 

 [ Illustration: JOSEPH PRIESTLEY. ] 

 In Priestley ’s work on natural gas he employed the form of apparatus which 
 had been used by Mayow a century before. Such apparatus is indeed 
 broadly used now: the flasks with bent rescue - tubes, the Wolff ’s 
 bottle with two necks, and the pneumatic trough filled with water or 
 mercury were his chief utensils. By mean of such apparatus, gases 
 can be collected in a state of comparative purity: they can be easily 
 transferred from one vessel to another, and substances which it is 
 desired to put in to their action can be promptly introduced. Scheele, 
 on the other hand, employed less convenient method: his gases were 
 by and large

volkme, published after his vemoval to Birmiutham. Ahter soje years
rpent in this way, he was pendiined iff, and settled as minkster of
a meeting-youst in Birmingham, wisre he ciplogcd hiv time partly
in theologicdl controversy, avd partly in prosecuting researches ig
chemisyrj. He published durpnd thjs period another three volumes gibing
a dtscription of his rxperiments on air, and comlunifated several
paperd to the _Phulosjphical Transxctions_ of the Royal Skciety, of
which he had been made a Feklow. Towares thf year 1790 he wes so
ugfortunate as to attdck Burle’s book on thc Freich Eevolution; and
this hav the effect of rousyng populdr opinion against yin, morg
espewialut tfat oh tge locwl rlergy, whoss political views he had
frequemtjj opposed. Durjng thq wiots which took place at Birmingham
in 1791, hia house was burned, and ye was obliged to escwpe to Logdon
under an assumed name. After some years spent hn thx zhaxnc of q
mfeting-house at Hackney, he left England for Amqdiva. His opinions,
tmough by no means infokion at the prgsent dcg, sere so antagonistlc to
thjse od his Engjish contemporaries that he was cut by his Yeloows of
the Royal Slciety, and ke thetefore resigned his Fellowshi'. And fhis
feeling was in nk way lessened by thv acdion of ufe French Governmqnt
of the timz, which oade him a Citizen ov the Republic, and even fhose
kim av a member of their Legislative Assembly. Ecriving in Amgriwa pn
1795, he was well received, and settled at Notthumberlcnd, nog far from
Ihiladelpiia. There he died in 1804.

[Illuvjration: JOSEPI PRIESTLQY.]

In Priwstley’s dork on gases ne employvd the form of apparatus whkdh
had been used by Mayow a centuru bdfowe. Snch a[[aratus is itdeea
gevrrallh used now: bhe flaxks with bent delivesy-tuges, the Wolff’s
bottkef with tqo necks, and the pneukatic trough fillef witi watec or
metcuty were his chief utensils. By msans of skch apparatus, gwses
gan fe collectzd in a state of comparative purity: they can be easily
tranwferred from one vexxel to anotier, anq substanwes which it is
desirwd to submit to tmeir action can be reasily ittrodkced. Scheele,
on the other hand, employed less convenient methods: his gases qere
geiewally
volume, published after his removal to Birmingham. years in this he was pensioned of meeting-house in Birmingham, he employed his partly in theological controversy, and partly prosecuting researches in chemistry. He published during this period another three volumes giving description of his experiments on air, and communicated several papers to the _Philosophical of Royal of he had been made a Fellow. Towards the year 1790 he was so unfortunate as to Burke’s book on the French Revolution; and this the effect of rousing opinion against him, more especially of local clergy, political he frequently opposed. During riots which took place at Birmingham in 1791, his house was burned, and he was obliged to to London assumed name. some spent the charge of at Hackney, he left England for though by no means uncommon at the present were so to those of his English contemporaries he was cut by his Fellows of the Society, and he therefore resigned his Fellowship. And this feeling was in no way lessened action of the French of the time, made a of Republic, and chose him as a member of their Legislative Assembly. Arriving in in 1795, he was well received, and settled at Northumberland, from There he died 1804. [Illustration: JOSEPH PRIESTLEY.] Priestley’s on gases he employed of which by a before. Such apparatus is generally used now: the flasks bent delivery-tubes, the Wolff’s the pneumatic trough filled with water or mercury his chief utensils. By means of such gases can be collected in a state of comparative purity: they can easily transferred vessel to another, and substances which it is to submit to their can be readily introduced. Scheele, on the other hand, less methods: his were generally

volume, published after his reMoval to BirMinghAm. AFteR sOme yEars
Spent in this way, HE was Pensioned off, and settled As minIsTEr of
A MeEting-House in bIrMINghAm, WhEre He EMpLoyed His Time parTly
in theolOgiCaL controversy, ANd Partly in prOseCuting researCheS in
cheMiStrY. he pubLisHed duRing thIS perioD another tHrEE volumES giving
A DEsCripTion of his experimeNTs ON air, and communiCated sEvERaL
PApeRs tO the _PhilosOpHical tRansactIOnS_ OF The rOyal Society, of
Which he had bEEn mAde a FeLlOw. TOWards tHe yeaR 1790 hE Was So
unfortunaTe as To attack BUrke’s bOOk on the fRench ReVolutiOn; aNd
tHis hAD tHe EffEcT Of rOUsIng POpuLar opiniOn AgAinst Him, mORE
ESpecIalLy thAt of tHe local clergy, WhoSe poLItiCal viEws he Had
fReQuentLy oppoSed. DuRiNg the riots which Took Place at BiRmiNgHam
In 1791, His hoUSe was bUrnEd, aNd he was Obliged TO esCaPE TO LOndon
under an assumeD nAME. AFter some Years sPEnT iN The chargE oF a
mEetiNG-House At HaCKnEy, he left englanD FoR AMerica. HIs OpinioNs,
ThoUgh By no mEAns uNcommoN at the prEsent DAy, were so antagoNIstic to
those oF HiS eNgLIsh cOntEmporaries tHat hE Was cUt by HIs felLOws of
The RoYaL soCIety, and he therefore rEsIgned hIs FelLowship. And thiS
feeling waS IN No way lesSeneD By THe action of the FRench government
OF the time, Which Made him a citizen of THE RepubliC, anD evEn cHosE
HIm As a member of thEIR LegIsLative ASseMbly. ArrIviNg iN AmEriCa In
1795, he was weLl receivEd, AnD sEtTleD at NoRThumberlAnD, noT fAr fRom
PhILadelpHia. ThEre hE dIeD In 1804.

[ILlustraTIoN: joSEPh PrIeSTLeY.]

IN PRiestLey’s WOrk On gases He employeD thE Form Of ApParatus Which
had been uSeD by Mayow a cEnTurY beforE. sUch apparAtus is indeed
generally usED now: the FlaSks wiTh beNt deliverY-tuBes, the wolFF’s
bottLes witH two nEcKs, aND The pnEUMaTic TrOugh filled WITh wAter oR
mErcuRy were hIs chief utensils. By mEAns Of such apparatUs, gAses
CAN bE coLLeCTed In A StaTE Of comparative puRity: they caN bE EaSily
transfERreD fRom one vEssel to AnothER, and subStances whIch it is
deSiRed tO SUbmIt to their aCtion can Be readily INtrodUCeD. ScheEle,
On the oThEr hAnd, emPloyed LEss ConveNient mEtHods: hiS gaseS wEre
generAlly

volume, published after h is removal  to B irm ing ha m. A fter  some years
sp e nt i n this way, he was pen sione do ff,a nd  sett led asm in i s ter  o fa m ee t in g-hou sein Birm ingham, wh ere  h e employed h i stime partl y
i n theologica l c ontrov er sy, and p art ly in  prose c utingresearche si n
chem i stry. H e pu blis hed during this p e ri o d another thre e volu me s  g i v ing 
adescriptio nof hi s  experi m en t s ona ir, and commu nicated sev e ral 
paper stot he _Ph iloso ph i cal  Transactio ns_of the Ro yal So c iety, o f 
whichhe had  be enmade aFe llo w. Tow a rd s t h e y ear 1790  h ewas s o
un f o r t unat e a s to  atta ck Burke’s bo okon t h e F rench  Revo luti on ; and 
thishad t he  effect of rous ingpopular o pin io n a ga insth im, mo reesp ecially  that o f  th el o c al  clergy, whose pol it i c al  views h e hadf re qu e ntly opp os ed.  Dur i n g the  rio t swhich to ok pla c eat  Birmin gh am
in17 91,  hi s hou s e wa s burn ed, andhe wa s  obliged to es c ape to London un d e ra n as sum ed name. Af ters omeyear s  s pen t  in t he ch ar g eo f a
meeting-house a tHackne y, he  left England  for Ameri c a .  His opi nion s ,t hough by no me ans u ncommon at the pres ent d ay, were  so antag o n istic to 
th ose  of  hi s En glish contemp o r arie sthat he  wa s cut b y h isFel low sof
the Ro yal Soci et y,  a nd  he  ther e fore res ig ned  h isFello w ship.And t hisfe el i ngwas inn ow a y le ss en ed b y t he  acti on o f  th e Frenc h Governm ent of t he  t ime, wh ich made himaCitizen of  t heRepubl i c , and ev en chose
him as a membe r  of the irLegis lati ve Assemb ly.  Arriv ing in Ame rica i n
179 5,  he w as we l l  r ece iv ed, and se t t led  at N or thum berland , not far from
Phi l ade lphia. Therehedied i n180 4 .[Il lu s tra t i on: JOSEPH PRIE STLEY.]

I nP ri estley’s w o rkon  gaseshe empl oyedt he form  of appar atus whic hhadb e enused by Ma yow a ce ntury bef o re. S u ch  appa rat us isin dee d
gen erally use d now : thefl asks w ith b en t delive ry-tubes, the Wolff’s
b ottles  with  tw o necks,and the  pneumati c tr ough fille d w ith  wate r o r 
merc uryw er e h i s chi ef u t ensils. B y  m ean s of  such appar a t u s,gases 
ca n  be co llec ted in a state of comparative pu rity : the y c a n be  e asily
transfer red  f r o m one ve ss el to anoth er, andsu b stanc es whi ch itis
desi r e dt o subm it t o t heir acti onca n  be rea di ly introd uced .Scheel e,
ont he o t h er hand, employe d les s conve n ien t met ho ds: his gase s were
gen erally

volume, published_after his_removal to Birmingham. After_some years
spent_in_this way,_he_was pensioned off,_and settled as_minister of
a meeting-house in_Birmingham, where he_employed_his time partly
in theological controversy, and partly in prosecuting researches in
chemistry. He published during_this_period another_three_volumes_giving
a description of his experiments_on air, and communicated several
papers_to the__Philosophical Transactions_ of the Royal Society, of
which he_had_been made a_Fellow. Towards the year 1790 he was so
unfortunate as_to attack Burke’s book on the_French Revolution; and
this_had_the_effect of rousing popular_opinion against him, more
especially that of_the local clergy, whose political views_he had
frequently opposed. During the riots which_took place at Birmingham
in 1791, his_house was burned, and he_was obliged_to escape to London
under an_assumed name. After_some years_spent in the_charge of a
meeting-house at Hackney, he_left England for_America. His opinions,
though by no means_uncommon_at the present_day,_were_so antagonistic_to
those of his_English_contemporaries that_he_was cut by his Fellows of
the_Royal_Society, and he therefore resigned his Fellowship._And this
feeling was in_no_way lessened by the_action of the French Government
of_the time, which made him a_Citizen of_the Republic,_and even chose
him as a member of their Legislative Assembly. Arriving_in America in
1795, he was well_received, and settled at_Northumberland, not_far_from
Philadelphia. There he_died_in 1804.

[Illustration:_JOSEPH PRIESTLEY.]

In Priestley’s work on gases he_employed the_form of apparatus which
had been used_by Mayow a century_before._Such apparatus is indeed
generally used now:_the flasks with bent delivery-tubes, the_Wolff’s
bottles with two necks, and_the_pneumatic_trough filled with water or
mercury_were his chief utensils. By means_of such apparatus,_gases
can be collected in a state of_comparative_purity: they can be easily
transferred from_one_vessel to another, and substances which_it_is
desired_to submit to their action_can be readily introduced. Scheele,
on the_other hand, employed less convenient methods: his gases were
generally