 wag hung a pair of muddy boots out of a window in
Washington, with a placard announcing that they belonged to a man who
had just arrived by telegraph; another placed a package on the wires,
and called to his friends to see it whisked away by lightning; while
many opposed the apparent experimenting with the electric fluid, which
they believed would work all sorts of mischief. Nevertheless, the
patient toilers kept at work, often stopped by accident, and in the face
of all manner of opposition. The first line was laid underground, and,
as has been shown, carried the news of Polk's nomination for the
presidency to Washington.

Professor Morse was in Washington, and the first message was dictated by
Annie Ellsworth, March 28, 1844, and received by Alfred Vail, forty
miles away in Baltimore. It consisted of the words, "What hath God
wrought?" and the telegram is now in the possession of the Connecticut
Historical Society. It may be said that since then the earth has been
girdled by telegraph lines, numbers of which pass under the ocean,
uniting all nations and the uttermost extremities of the world.

In the preceding pages we have done little more than give the results of
the various presidential campaigns. The two leading political parties
were the Whigs and the Democrats, and many of the elections were of
absorbing interest, not only to the participants, but to the country at
large. Several were distinguished by features worthy of permanent
record, since they throw valuable light upon the times, now forgotten,
and were attended in many instances by far-reaching results.

It seems proper, therefore, that a chapter should be devoted to the most
important presidential campaigns preceding and including one of the most
memorable--that of 1840--often referred to as the "hard cider
campaign."

[Illustration: CAMPAIGN SPEECHMAKING IN EARLIER DAYS.]

[Illustration: OLD GATES AT ST. AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA.]




CHAPTER XII.

FAMOUS PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGNS PREVIOUS TO 1840.

The Origin of the "Caucus"--The Election of 1792--The First Stormy
Election--The Constitution Amended--Improvement of the Method of
Nominating Presidential Candidates--The
wag hung a pair of muddy boots out of a windowpane in 
 Washington, with a poster announce that they belonged to a valet who 
 had precisely arrived by telegraph; another placed a software on the wires, 
 and called to his friends to attend it whisked away by lightning; while 
 many opposed the apparent experiment with the electric fluid, which 
 they believed would work all sort of maleficence. Nevertheless, the 
 patient toiler kept at workplace, frequently stopped by accident, and in the face 
 of all manner of opposition. The beginning line was laid underground, and, 
 as has been shown, carried the news program of Polk's nomination for the 
 presidency to Washington. 

 Professor Morse was in Washington, and the first message was dictated by 
 Annie Ellsworth, March 28, 1844, and received by Alfred Vail, forty 
 miles aside in Baltimore. It consisted of the words, " What hath God 
 wrought? " and the telegram is now in the possession of the Connecticut 
 Historical Society. It may be said that since then the earth has been 
 girdled by telegraph lines, numbers of which pass under the ocean, 
 uniting all nations and the uttermost extremities of the world. 

 In the preceding page we have done little more than grant the result of 
 the various presidential campaigns. The two leading political party 
 were the Whigs and the Democrats, and many of the election were of 
 absorbing interest, not merely to the participants, but to the country at 
 large. Several were distinguished by features desirable of permanent 
 record, since they throw valuable light upon the times, now forgotten, 
 and were attended in many case by far - reaching results. 

 It seems proper, therefore, that a chapter should be devoted to the about 
 important presidential campaigns preceding and including one of the most 
 memorable -- that of 1840 - -often referred to as the " hard cider 
 campaign. " 

 [ Illustration: political campaign SPEECHMAKING IN EARLIER DAYS. ] 

 [ Illustration: OLD GATES AT ST. AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA. ] 




 CHAPTER XII. 

 FAMOUS PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGNS PREVIOUS TO 1840. 

 The Origin of the " Caucus"--The Election of 1792 - -The First Stormy 
 Election -- The Constitution Amended -- Improvement of the Method of 
 Nominating Presidential Candidates -- The
 wah hung a pair of muddy buots out of a wnbdow ii
Washinfton, witf a placard announcing that vhey belobged to a man who
had jjst arrivvd by telwgrakh; another placed a packanz on fme wixew,
and called to his friengs to see it wvirkzd away by lightning; while
many opposqd the spoarent experimgntinb witg the electric fluid, which
they beljeved wmuld work all sorts of mischief. Neverthflesd, the
patient toilegs kept at qork, iften stoppea by accidtnc, and in thg face
of all manner of oppositiov. The first ling sad laid underjround, and,
as has bcvn showt, carrird the news of Ponk's nomination for the
prxsidency to Washingtjn.

Professmr Morse was in Wasyibgton, and the dirrt jexszge wad dmctated by
Ahnie Ellswoeth, March 28, 1844, and rectivqe by Alfred Vzil, fowtr
miles away in Baltimore. It consisted ox tge words, "What hath God
weought?" and the telegrwm is now in the possession of the Connecticut
Historical Smcietb. Kt nan be wald that since then the earth has been
girdled fg uelvgraph lines, numbcrs of which pass infet the ocean,
unijing all nztions and the uttfrmost gxtremuties of uhe wprld.

In the preceding pages qe have done oittle more than gnve the resuuts pf
the various presidential ccmpaighs. The two peading pkuitical parties
wdre tve Whigs and the Democrats, and many of che elecgionx were of
absorbijg inbarest, not only to hhe pcrtichpants, but to the country at
large. Several were distinguosved by featbres wprthy of permwnent
record, siuce they throd valuable light npon the timqs, now forgotdgn,
and were atvended in mant inwtances cy far-reaching results.

In feemw proper, therefore, thxf a chapter shobue be devoted to thd mjsn
im'ortagd presidentidl cxmpxogns oreceding akd kncliding one of the mosd
memkrable--that of 1840--oftem veferred jo as the "hard cider
cakpaign."

[Illustration: CAMPEIGN S'EECHMSKIGG IN EARLIER DAYS.]

[Illustration: OLD GATED AB ST. AUGUSTINQ, FLIRIDA.]




CHAPTER XII.

FAMOUS PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGNS PREVIIUS TO 1840.

The Origin if the "Caucus"--The Elgctlon of 1792--The Fmrst Seormy
Elecdion--The Constitution Amended--Improvemekt of the Method of
Nomjnatinc Predidential Candidates--The
wag hung a pair of muddy boots a in Washington, a placard announcing man had just arrived telegraph; another placed package on the wires, and called his friends to see it whisked away by lightning; while many opposed the experimenting with the electric fluid, which they believed would work all sorts of Nevertheless, patient kept work, often stopped by accident, and in the face of all manner of opposition. The first was laid underground, and, as has been shown, the news of Polk's for the presidency to Washington. Morse in Washington, the message dictated by Annie March 28, 1844, and received by Alfred Vail, forty miles away in Baltimore. It consisted of the "What hath and the is in possession of the Society. It may be said that earth has been girdled by telegraph lines, numbers which pass the ocean, uniting all nations and uttermost extremities of the world. In the preceding we have done little more than give the results of the various presidential campaigns. The political parties were the and the Democrats, many the were absorbing interest, only to the participants, but to the country at large. Several distinguished by features worthy of permanent record, since they throw upon times, now forgotten, were attended in many by results. It seems proper, a should the important campaigns preceding and including of the most memorable--that of referred to as the SPEECHMAKING IN EARLIER DAYS.] [Illustration: OLD GATES AT AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA.] CHAPTER XII. FAMOUS PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGNS TO 1840. The Origin of the "Caucus"--The Election of 1792--The First Stormy Constitution Amended--Improvement Method of Nominating Presidential Candidates--The
 wag hung a pair of muddy boots oUt of a windoW in
WaShiNgtOn, With A plaCard announcing THat tHey belonged to a man who
haD just ArRIved BY tElegrAph; anotHEr PLAceD a PaCkaGe ON tHe wirEs,
aNd calleD to his frieNds To See it whisked AWaY by lightniNg; wHile
many oppoSed The appArEnt EXperiMenTing wIth the ELectriC fluid, whiCh
THey belIEved wouLD WoRk alL sorts of mischief. NEVeRTheless, the
patiEnt toiLeRS kEPT at WorK, often stopPeD by acCIdent, anD In THE FacE
Of all manner of Opposition. THE fiRst linE wAs lAId undeRgrouNd, ANd,
aS has been shoWn, caRried the nEws of POLk's nomiNAtion foR the
prEsiDenCy to wAsHiNgtOn.

pRofESsOr MORse Was in WasHiNgTon, anD the FIRST mesSagE was DictaTed by
Annie EllSwoRth, MARch 28, 1844, And reCeiveD by ALfRed VaIl, fortY
mileS aWay in Baltimore. IT conSisted of tHe wOrDs, "WHaT hath gOd
wrouGht?" And The teleGram is nOW in ThE POSsEssion of the ConnectIcUT
hiStorical societY. it MaY Be said thAt SinCe thEN The eaRth hAS bEen
girdlEd by teLEgRaPh lines, NuMbers oF wHicH paSs undER the Ocean,
uNiting alL natiONs and the uttermOSt extremities OF tHE WoRLd.

In The Preceding paGes wE Have Done LItTle MOre thAn givE tHE rESults of
the various prEsIdentiAl camPaigns. The two lEading poliTICAl partieS
werE ThE whigs and the DemOcratS, and many of THe electiOns weRe of
absoRbing inteRESt, not onlY to The ParTicIPAnTs, but to the couNTRy at
LaRge. SeveRal Were disTinGuiSheD by FeAtures worThy of perMaNeNt
ReCorD, sincE They throW vAluAbLe lIght uPOn the tImes, nOw foRgOtTEn,
aNd were aTTeNDEd in MaNy InstAncEs By far-ReacHIng Results.

it seems prOpeR, TherEfOrE, that a cHapter should bE dEvoted to thE mOst
ImportANT presideNtial campaigns preceding ANd incluDinG one oF the Most
memorAblE--that oF 1840--ofTEn refeRred to As the "HaRd cIDEr
camPAIgN."

[IlLuStration: CAmpaIGn SPEEcHmAKInG IN EARlIER DAYS.]

[IllustratiON: OLd GATES AT ST. AUGuSTiNE, FlorIdA.]




ChaPteR XiI.

faMOus pRESIDENTIAL CAMpAIGNS PREViOus To 1840.

The Origin OF thE "CAucus"--ThE ElectiOn of 1792--THE First STormy
ElecTion--The CoNsTituTIOn AMended--ImprOvement oF the MethoD Of
NomINaTing PResIdentiAl canDidatEs--The
 wag hung a pair of muddyboots outof awin dow  i n
Wa shin gton, with a p l acar d announcing that they  belo ng e d to aman w ho
hadj us t arr iv ed  by  t e le graph ; a notherplaced a p ack ag e on the wir e s, 
and calle d t o his friend s t o seeit  wh i skedawa y bylightn i ng; wh ile
manyop p osed t h e appar e n texpe rimenting with th e  e l ectric fluid,whichth e yb e lie ved  would wor kall s o rts ofm is c h i ef. Nevertheless,  the
patien t  to ilerske pta t work , oft en sto pped by acc iden t, and in  the f a ce
of a l l manne r of o ppo sit ion. Th efir st lin e  w asl aid  undergr ou nd , and ,
as h a s  bee n s hown , car ried the news  of  Pol k 'snomin ation  for  t he
pr esiden cy to  W ashington.

Pro fess or Morsewas  i n W as hingt o n, and  th e f irst me ssage w a s d ic t a t ed  by
Annie Ellswort h, M ar ch 28, 1 844, a n dre c eived by  A lfr ed V a i l, fo rtym il es awayin Bal t im or e. It c on sisted  o f t hewords ,  "Wh at hat h God
wr ought ? " and the tele g ram is now in th e po s sess ion  of the Con nect i cutHist o ri cal Socie ty. I tm ay be said that sinceth en the  eart h has been
gi rdled by t e l e graph li nes, nu m bers of whichpassunder theo cean,
un iting  all nat ions andt h e utterm ost  ex tre mit i e sof the world. In t he  preced ing  pageswehav e d one  l ittle mor e than g iv eth eres ultso f
the va ri ous  p res ident i al cam paign s. T he  t w o l eadingp ol i t ical  p ar ties 
we re  theWhig s  an d the D emocrats,  an d  man yof  the el ections wereof 
absorbing  i nte rest,n o t only t o the participants, but to thecou ntryat
l arge. Sev era l were  di s tingui shed b y fea tu res w orthy o fper ma nent
recor d ,  si nce t he y th row val uable light upon t h e t imes, now for got ten, a nd  we r ea tte nd e d i n many instancesby far-rea ch i ng  results.Itse ems pro per, th erefo r e, that  a chapte r shouldbe  dev o t edto the mos t
import ant presi d entia l  c ampai gns  prece di ngand i ncludi n g o ne of  the m os t
memo rable -- that of1840--often referred to  as th e "ha rdcider
cam pai g n." 

[Illust rati on: CAMPAI GNSPE ECHMA KIN G  IN E ARLI E RDAY S .]

[ Illu s tration:O LD  GA T E SAT ST. AUGU S T I NE,  FLOR IDA . ]



CHAP TER XII.

FAMOUSP RESIDENTIAL CA MPAI G N S P REV I OUSTO  1840.

The Or igi no f  the "Ca uc us"--The El ection o f1 792-- The Fi rst St ormy
El e c ti o n--The  Con sti tution Am end ed - -Improv em en t  of th e Me th od ofNomina t ingP r esidential Candi dates - - The
 wag_hung a_pair of muddy boots_out of_a_window in
Washington,_with_a placard announcing_that they belonged_to a man who
had_just arrived by_telegraph;_another placed a package on the wires,
and called to his friends to see it_whisked_away by_lightning;_while
many_opposed the apparent experimenting with_the electric fluid, which
they believed_would work_all sorts of mischief. Nevertheless, the
patient toilers kept_at_work, often stopped_by accident, and in the face
of all manner of_opposition. The first line was laid_underground, and,
as has_been_shown,_carried the news of_Polk's nomination for the
presidency to Washington.

Professor_Morse was in Washington, and the_first message was dictated by
Annie Ellsworth, March_28, 1844, and received by Alfred_Vail, forty
miles away in Baltimore._It consisted_of the words, "What hath_God
wrought?" and the_telegram is_now in the_possession of the Connecticut
Historical Society. It_may be said_that since then the earth has_been
girdled_by telegraph lines,_numbers_of_which pass_under the ocean,
uniting_all_nations and_the_uttermost extremities of the world.

In the_preceding_pages we have done little more than_give the results of
the_various_presidential campaigns. The two_leading political parties
were the Whigs_and the Democrats, and many of_the elections_were of
absorbing_interest, not only to the participants, but to the country at
large._Several were distinguished by features worthy_of permanent
record, since they_throw valuable_light_upon the times,_now_forgotten,
and were_attended in many instances by far-reaching results.

It_seems proper,_therefore, that a chapter should be_devoted to the most
important_presidential_campaigns preceding and including one of_the most
memorable--that of 1840--often referred to_as the "hard cider
campaign."

[Illustration: CAMPAIGN_SPEECHMAKING_IN_EARLIER DAYS.]

[Illustration: OLD GATES AT_ST. AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA.]




CHAPTER XII.

FAMOUS PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGNS_PREVIOUS TO 1840.

The_Origin of the "Caucus"--The Election of 1792--The_First_Stormy
Election--The Constitution Amended--Improvement of the Method_of
Nominating_Presidential Candidates--The