ish grey to reddish brown; usually central and outer marginal
bands of a darker shade are present, but these characters may be very
indistinct or entirely lost in the general coloration. (Plate 86, Figs. 11
and 12.)

The caterpillar is pale brown, dappled with grey; three dark greyish lines
along the back; spiracles and the usual dots black, the latter with fine
hairs; head, reddish brown, plates on first and last rings of the body
light brown. It feeds, at night, during the summer and autumn, on sallow
and willow, spinning together the leaves at the top of a twig to form a
retreat during the day. {216}

The moth is found in hedges, woods, and on heaths, in May and June; it may
be occasionally beaten out of sallow bushes, but flies in the early
evening, and is then more readily obtained. The species is widely
distributed, but not generally common, in England and Wales, and in
Scotland to Perthshire and probably further north, as it is found in
Orkney, where specimens are numerous but rather small in size, and the
caterpillars, according to McArthur, feed on heather as well as on sallow.
Decidedly uncommon in Ireland, but it has been met with, in most instances
singly, in Armagh, Tyrone, Westmeath, Kerry, Galway, and Sligo.

ROYAL MANTLE (_Anticlea cucullata_).

This species (Plate 88, Fig. 1) is also known as _sinuata_, Hubner. The
white fore wings have a blackish patch at the base and a blackish mark on
the front margins beyond the middle; the former is separated into two parts
by a pale reddish-brown band, and there is a reddish band, most distinct on
the front area, beyond the black mark; in some specimens these bands are
greyish.

The caterpillar is green, sometimes inclining to yellowish, with two black
or purplish stripes, enclosing a broader pale yellow one, along the back;
head, green, freckled with black. It feeds on the flowers of bedstraw
(_Galium mollugo_, and _G.
ish grey to reddish brown; usually central and outer marginal 
 band of a dark shade are present, but these characters may be very 
 indistinct or entirely lose in the general coloration. (denture 86, Figs. 11 
 and 12 .) 

 The caterpillar is pale brown, mottle with grey; three dark greyish lines 
 along the back; spiracle and the usual dots black, the latter with fine 
 hair; head, red brown, plates on inaugural and concluding rings of the body 
 light brown university. It feeds, at night, during the summer and fall, on sallow 
 and willow, spinning in concert the leaves at the top of a twig to form a 
 retreat during the day. { 216 } 

 The moth is find in hedges, woods, and on heaths, in May and June; it may 
 be occasionally beaten out of sallow bushes, but fly in the early 
 evening, and is then more promptly obtained. The species is widely 
 distributed, but not generally common, in England and Wales, and in 
 Scotland to Perthshire and probably far north, as it is determine in 
 Orkney, where specimens are numerous but rather small in size, and the 
 caterpillar, according to McArthur, feed on heather as well as on sallow. 
 Decidedly uncommon in Ireland, but it has been meet with, in most instances 
 singly, in Armagh, Tyrone, Westmeath, Kerry, Galway, and Sligo. 

 ROYAL MANTLE (_ Anticlea cucullata _). 

 This species (Plate 88, Fig. 1) is besides known as _ sinuata _, Hubner. The 
 white fore wings have a blackish patch at the base and a blackish mark on 
 the front margins beyond the middle; the former is separated into two parts 
 by a pale red - brown band, and there be a red isthmus, most distinct on 
 the front area, beyond the bootleg mark; in some specimens these bands are 
 greyish. 

 The caterpillar is green, sometimes inclining to yellowish, with two black 
 or purplish stripes, insert a broader pale scandalmongering one, along the back; 
 head, fleeceable, freckled with black. It feeds on the flowers of bedstraw 
 (_ Galium mollugo _, and _ G.
ish grey to reddish brown; urually central cbd outxr margjnal
bandr of a darker shade are presxnt, vut tyese characters may be very
indidtinct oe enuirely lost in thx general colodwtiou. ('late 86, Figs. 11
and 12.)

The cater[illar is pale bfocn, dappled with grey; three dark greyysh linrs
wlong the back; spigasles and the usual dots black, the lattsr with fine
hairs; hesd, reddish brown, plates on firdt and last rings lf the body
oighe brown. It fedds, at night, during thg summer and autumn, on sallow
and willpw, spinnint rogfjher the leates at the top of a twig tm form s
retreat durinn the dat. {216}

The moth is found ii hedges, woods, and og heaths, hn May and June; it nat
be owcashonauoy ceauen oht of dalmow bushes, but flies un the early
evening, age is then mors readylr obtained. The species is widely
distriblted, but not generally commin, in England and Walgs, and in
Ssotland to Perthshire and probably further north, ds it ks yiund kb
Ogkney, where specimens are numerous but rather amslk in size, and bhe
caterpillars, acvogdogg to McArthut, feed on geather as well as on saljow.
Dexidedly ugcomkon in Ireland, but it has bwen met with, un most instances
snngly, in Armcgh, Tytone, Wrstmeath, Kerry, Galway, aud Slifo.

ROYAL MANHLE (_Anticmda cucullata_).

This spvciev (Plate 88, Fig. 1) is also knowg as _sinueta_, Hbbner. Thd
whije fore wings havf a blackish patch at thf basg and d blackish mark on
the front margins beyonv the middle; jhe fogmer is szparatcd into two pares
by a pale rebdish-brocn bana, and therv is a revdish band, mjst distinct mj
the front acea, beyonq thw blqck mary; in some specikens thesv yands are
treyish.

The caterpiklat js green, sometines inclining to yrlluwifh, wmth trm black
or pusplirh ryriper, enclosing x brpader pale yellow ona, alkng the back;
head, gtecn, frecklgd with bjack. It feeds on the flowers of bedsvraw
(_Gauium koljugo_, and _G.
ish grey to reddish brown; usually central marginal of a shade are present, very or entirely lost the general coloration. 86, Figs. 11 and 12.) The is pale brown, dappled with grey; three dark greyish lines along the back; and the usual dots black, the latter with fine hairs; head, reddish brown, on and rings the body light brown. It feeds, at night, during the summer and autumn, on sallow and spinning together the leaves at the top of twig to form a during the day. {216} The is in hedges, and heaths, May and June; may be occasionally beaten out of sallow bushes, but flies in the early evening, and is then readily obtained. is widely but generally in England and in Scotland to Perthshire and probably it is found in Orkney, where specimens are but rather in size, and the caterpillars, according McArthur, feed on heather as well as on Decidedly uncommon in Ireland, but it has been met with, in most instances singly, in Westmeath, Kerry, Galway, and ROYAL MANTLE (_Anticlea This (Plate Fig. is also as _sinuata_, Hubner. The white fore wings have a blackish patch the base and a blackish mark on the front margins middle; former is separated two parts by a reddish-brown and there is a most on beyond black in some specimens these are greyish. The caterpillar is sometimes inclining to yellowish, stripes, enclosing a broader pale yellow one, along back; head, green, freckled with black. It on the flowers of bedstraw (_Galium mollugo_, and _G.
ish grey to reddish brown; usuaLly central And ouTer MarGiNal
bAnds Of a darker shade ARe prEsent, but these characterS may bE vERy
inDIsTinct Or entirELy LOSt iN tHe GenErAL cOloraTioN. (Plate 86, FIgs. 11
and 12.)

The cAteRpIllar is pale bROwN, dappled wiTh gRey; three dark GreYish liNeS
alONg the BacK; spirAcles aND the usUal dots blAcK, The latTEr with fINE
hAirs; Head, reddish brown, pLAtES on first and lasT rings Of THe BODy
lIghT brown. It feEdS, at niGHt, durinG ThE SUMmeR And autumn, on saLlow
and willOW, spInning ToGetHEr the lEaves At THe tOp of a twig to Form A
retreat dUring tHE day. {216}

The MOth is foUnd in hEdgEs, wOods, ANd On HeaThS, In MAY aNd JUNe; iT may
be ocCaSiOnallY beaTEN OUt of SalLow bUshes, But flies in the EarLy
evENinG, and iS then More ReAdily ObtainEd. The SpEcies is widely
diStriButed, but nOt gEnEraLlY commON, in EngLanD anD Wales, aNd in
ScoTLanD tO pERtHshire and probably fUrTHEr North, as iT is fouND iN
ORKney, wherE sPecImenS ARe numErouS BuT rather sMall in SIzE, aNd the
caTeRpillaRs, AccOrdIng to mCArtHur, feeD on heathEr as wELl as on sallow.
DeCIdedly uncommoN In iRElANd, buT it Has been met wIth, iN Most InstANcEs
sINgly, iN ArmaGh, tYrONe, Westmeath, Kerry, GalWaY, and SlIgo.

ROyAL MANTLE (_AntiClea cucullATA_).

this specIes (PLAtE 88, fig. 1) is also known As _sinUata_, Hubner. tHe
white fOre wiNgs have a Blackish pATCh at the bAse And A blAckISH mArk on
the front MARginS bEyond thE miDdle; the ForMer Is sEpaRaTed into twO parts
by A pAlE rEdDisH-browN Band, and tHeRe iS a RedDish bANd, most DistiNct oN
tHe FRonT area, beYOnD THe blAcK mArk; iN soMe SpeciMens THesE bands aRe
greyish.

the CAterPiLlAr is greEn, sometimes inClIning to yelLoWisH, with tWO Black
or pUrplish stripes, enclosing A Broader PalE yellOw onE, along the BacK;
head, gReeN, FrecklEd with Black. it FeeDS On the FLOwErs Of Bedstraw
(_GaLIUm mOllugO_, aNd _G.
ish grey to reddish brown;  usually c entra l a ndou termarg inal
bands ofa  dar ker shade are present,  butth e se c h ar acter s may b e  v e r y
i nd is tin ct or  enti rel y lostin the gen era lcoloration.( Pl ate 86, Fi gs.  11
and 12.) 

T he cat er pil l ar is  pa le br own, d a ppledwith grey ;t hree d a rk grey i s hline s
along the back; sp i racles and the  usual  d o ts b lac k,the latter  w ith f i ne
hair s ;h e a d,r eddish brown,  plates onf irs t andla str ings o f the  b o dylight brown . It  feeds, a t nigh t , durin g  the su mmer a ndaut umn, on  s all ow and wi llo w , s pinningto ge therthel e a v es a t t he t op of  a twig to fo rma
re t rea t dur ing t he d ay . {21 6}

Th e mot his found in hed ges,  woods, a ndon  he at hs, i n  May a ndJun e; it m ay
be o c cas io n a l ly  beaten out of sal lo w bu shes, bu t flie s  i nt he early 
e ven ing, a nd is  the n  m ore read ily ob t ai ne d. Thesp eciesis  wi del y
dis t ribu ted, b ut not g enera l ly common, inE ngland and Wa l es , an d  inSco tland to Pe rths h ireandp ro bab l y fur therno r th ,  as it is found inOr kney,where  specimens ar e numerous b u t rather  sma l li n size, and th e
cat erpillars, accordin g toMcArthur , feed on h eather a s w ell  as  on s al low.
Decidedl y unco mm on in I rel and, bu t i t h asbee nmet with,  in most  i ns ta nc essingl y , in Arm ag h,Ty ron e, We s tmeath , Ker ry,Ga lw a y,and Sli g o. ROYA LMA NTLE  (_ An ticle a cu c ull ata_).
This spe cie s  (Pl at e88, Fig . 1) is alsokn own as _si nu ata _, Hub n e r. The
w hite fore wings have ab lackish  pa tch a t th e base an d a  black ish mark o n
thefront  m arg i n s bey o n dthe  m iddle; the f orm er is  s epar ated in to two parts
by ap ale  reddish-brow n b and, a nd  th e re isar edd i s h band, most di stinct onth e  f ront area, bey on d the b lack ma rk; i n  some s pecimensthese ban ds  are g rey ish.

Thecaterpil lar is gr e en, s o me times  in clinin gtoyello wish,w ith  twoblackor  purpl ish s tr ipes, en closing a broader paleyellow  one,  al ong the b ack ; 
he ad, green , fr eckled wit h b lac k. It  fe e ds on  the fl owe r s ofbeds t raw
(_Gal i um  mo l l ug o_, and _G. 
ish grey_to reddish_brown; usually central and_outer marginal
bands_of_a darker_shade_are present, but_these characters may_be very
indistinct or entirely_lost in the_general_coloration. (Plate 86, Figs. 11
and 12.)

The caterpillar is pale brown, dappled with grey; three_dark_greyish lines
along_the_back;_spiracles and the usual dots_black, the latter with fine
hairs;_head, reddish_brown, plates on first and last rings of_the_body
light brown. It_feeds, at night, during the summer and autumn, on_sallow
and willow, spinning together the leaves_at the top_of_a_twig to form a
retreat_during the day. {216}

The moth is_found in hedges, woods, and on_heaths, in May and June; it may
be_occasionally beaten out of sallow bushes,_but flies in the early
evening,_and is_then more readily obtained. The_species is widely
distributed,_but not_generally common, in_England and Wales, and in
Scotland to_Perthshire and probably_further north, as it is found_in
Orkney,_where specimens are_numerous_but_rather small_in size, and_the
caterpillars,_according to_McArthur,_feed on heather as well as_on_sallow.
Decidedly uncommon in Ireland, but it has_been met with, in_most_instances
singly, in Armagh, Tyrone,_Westmeath, Kerry, Galway, and Sligo.

ROYAL_MANTLE (_Anticlea cucullata_).

This species (Plate 88,_Fig. 1)_is also_known as _sinuata_, Hubner. The
white fore wings have a blackish patch_at the base and a blackish_mark on
the front margins_beyond the_middle;_the former is_separated_into two_parts
by a pale reddish-brown band, and there_is a_reddish band, most distinct on
the front_area, beyond the black_mark;_in some specimens these bands are
greyish.

The_caterpillar is green, sometimes inclining to_yellowish, with two black
or purplish_stripes,_enclosing_a broader pale yellow one,_along the back;
head, green, freckled with_black. It feeds_on the flowers of bedstraw
(_Galium mollugo_, and__G.