 Scott's old age and increasing infirmities compelled him in
November to give up the command of the Union armies, and all hopes
centred upon McClellan. He kept drilling the Army of the Potomac, and by
the close of the year had 150,000 well-trained soldiers under his
command. The impatience of the North began to manifest itself, but no
general advance took place, though the Confederate line was gradually
pushed back from its threatening position in front of Washington to its
first position at Bull Run. The Confederacy was also busy in recruiting
and drilling its forces. Knowing that Richmond was the objective point
of the Union advance, the city was surrounded with formidable
fortifications.


DISASTER AT BALL'S BLUFF.

On the 19th of October General McCall was ordered to occupy
Drainesville, eighteen miles northwest of Washington. At the same time,
General Stone was directed to keep watch of Leesburg, from which the
patrols afterward reported a weak Confederate force. An advance was
ordered, whereupon Colonel Evans, who had given the Confederates great
help at Bull Run, concentrated his forces on the road leading from
Leesburg to Washington, and, on the morning of the 21st, had assumed a
strong position and was ready to be attacked.

[Illustration: FORTIFYING RICHMOND.

In the foreground we see R.E. Lee and two other confederate officers
directing the work.]

The Union troops were ferried across the river in three scows, two
skiffs, and a life-boat, which combined would not carry one-fourth of
the men. When all were over they advanced to Leesburg, where no
Confederate camp was found, but the enemy in the woods attacked them.
Colonel E.D. Baker, a civilian officer from California, hurried across
the river with 1,900 men and took command. The enemy was reinforced and
drove the Unionists back. Colonel Baker was killed and the Federals
fled in a panic to the Potomac, with the Confederates upon them. The
fugitives swarmed into the boats and sank three of them; others leaped
over the bank and swam and dived for their lives, the enemy shooting and
bayoneting all who did not surrender
Scott's old age and increasing infirmities compel him in 
 November to contribute up the command of the Union armies, and all hopes 
 concentrate upon McClellan. He kept drilling the Army of the Potomac, and by 
 the stopping point of the year had 150,000 well - train soldiers under his 
 command. The restlessness of the North began to manifest itself, but no 
 general advance lead place, though the Confederate line was gradually 
 pushed back from its baleful position in front of Washington to its 
 first situation at Bull Run. The Confederacy was also busy in recruiting 
 and drilling its forces. know that Richmond was the objective point 
 of the Union advance, the city was surrounded with formidable 
 fortifications. 


 DISASTER AT BALL'S BLUFF. 

 On the 19th of October General McCall was order to occupy 
 Drainesville, eighteen miles northwest of Washington. At the same time, 
 General Stone was directed to observe watch of Leesburg, from which the 
 patrols afterward reported a weak Confederate force. An advance was 
 ordered, whereupon Colonel Evans, who had given the Confederates great 
 aid at Bull Run, concentrated his forces on the road lead from 
 Leesburg to Washington, and, on the dawn of the 21st, had assumed a 
 strong position and was quick to be attacked. 

 [ exemplification: FORTIFYING RICHMOND. 

 In the foreground we see R.E. Lee and two other accomplice officers 
 directing the work. ] 

 The Union troops were ferried across the river in three scows, two 
 skiffs, and a life - boat, which combined would not carry one - fourth of 
 the man. When all were over they boost to Leesburg, where no 
 Confederate clique was found, but the enemy in the woods attacked them. 
 Colonel E.D. Baker, a civilian officer from California, hurried across 
 the river with 1,900 men and took instruction. The enemy was reinforce and 
 drove the Unionists back. Colonel Baker was killed and the federal 
 fled in a panic to the Potomac, with the Confederates upon them. The 
 fugitive swarmed into the boats and bury three of them; others leaped 
 over the depository financial institution and swam and dive for their lives, the foe shooting and 
 bayoneting all who did not surrender
 Scltt's old age and increaslng infirmities eimpellxd him jn
Novembdr to give up the command of tye Unuon armies, and all hopds
centred upon McXleloqn. He kept drillinn the Wrmy if the Potomac, and by
the close of the fexr had 150,000 well-trained soldiers under hif
commanc. Hhe impatience of uhe Norfh began to manifest itself, but no
feneral advance took place, though the Confederwte pine was gradually
oushed back froi its threateving positpmn in fronj of Washington to its
first posigion ct Bull Run. Tye Fmnfederacy xas alfo busy in rcbruitinc
and drolling its forges. Kiowibg that Richmond was vhe objective point
os the Unimn advance, the city wqs sutrounged duth fodmmdagle
forhifmcations.


DISZSTER AT BAOL'S BLUFF.

On the 19th pf Ictober Generzl McCwlj was ordered to occupy
Drainesville, eigvtesn miles northwest of Wqshington. At the same time,
Genewal Stone was directed to keep watch of Leesburg, xrom xhkch tme
pageops afterward reported a weak Confederate forcq. Am sdvance was
ordcred, whereupon Colpnfl Gvans, who had eiven cge Confederates greah
help aj Bull Run, conctntrayed his forces on the road oeading from
Jwesburg to Washingcon, and, on tke morming pf the 21st, had assumed a
rtrohg position and was ddady to be attacyed.

[Plluvtration: FORTIFYING RICHMOGD.

In the horegxound we see R.E. Leq and two lther confederate officegs
dirgcting the work.]

Tje Union troops were ferried accpss the rivet it tvree scocs, two
xkiffs, and a jife-boat, which combinzd wouud not cargy one-foucth of
the meg. When all wesg over they avvanced tj Lewsbueg, wherd no
Confederate camp was found, but the enemy in the xoodr attacked them.
Cilobel E.D. Baker, a vivkliwn ohficew from Califosnia, huftied xcross
the rlvef wiyh 1,900 men and took comkand. The enemy was reimfjrced ane
drove tre Unionists nack. Colonel Baker was nilued amd jhe Federals
fled in a panic to fhe Potomwc, rith the Consedevatef upon thek. The
fugitives swarmed into the boats aid sank three of them; orhers leaped
over thg bsnk and swak and dived fos their lives, the enwmy shooting and
bsyoneting all who did not sgrrenfer
Scott's old age and increasing infirmities compelled November give up command of the centred McClellan. He kept the Army of Potomac, and by the close of year had 150,000 well-trained soldiers under his command. The impatience of the North to manifest itself, but no general advance took place, though the Confederate line gradually back its position in front of Washington to its first position at Bull Run. The Confederacy was also in recruiting and drilling its forces. Knowing that was the objective point the Union advance, the city surrounded formidable fortifications. AT BLUFF. the 19th of General McCall was ordered to occupy Drainesville, eighteen miles northwest of Washington. At the same time, General was directed watch of from the afterward reported a force. An advance was ordered, whereupon had given the Confederates great help at Bull concentrated his on the road leading from Leesburg Washington, and, on the morning of the 21st, assumed a strong position and was ready to be attacked. [Illustration: FORTIFYING RICHMOND. In the see R.E. Lee and other confederate officers the The troops ferried across river in three scows, two skiffs, and a life-boat, which combined not carry one-fourth of the men. When all were over to where no Confederate was found, but the in woods attacked them. Colonel a officer across river 1,900 men and took The enemy was reinforced and the Unionists back. Colonel Federals fled in a panic to the Potomac, the Confederates upon them. The fugitives swarmed the boats and sank three of them; others leaped over the bank swam and their lives, the enemy shooting and bayoneting all did not surrender
 Scott's old age and increasing InfirmitieS compEllEd hIm In
NoVembEr to give up the cOMmanD of the Union armies, and alL hopeS
cENtreD UpOn McCLellan. HE KePT DriLlInG thE ARMy Of the potOmac, and By
the close Of tHe Year had 150,000 well-tRAiNed soldierS unDer his
commanD. ThE impatIeNce OF the NOrtH begaN to manIFest itSelf, but no
GeNEral adVAnce tooK PLaCe, thOugh the ConfederatE LiNE was gradually
pUshed bAcK FrOM Its ThrEatening poSiTion iN Front of wAsHINGtoN To its
first posItion at Bull rUn. THe ConfEdEraCY was alSo busY iN RecRuiting
and dRillIng its forCes. KnoWIng that rIchmond Was the ObjEctIve pOInT
oF thE UNIon ADvAncE, The City was sUrRoUnded With FORMIdabLe
fOrtiFicatIons.


DISASTER At BAlL'S BluFF.

on the 19Th of OCtobEr generAl McCaLl was OrDered to occupy
DrAineSville, eigHteEn MilEs NorthWEst of WAshIngTon. At thE same tiME,
GeNeRAL stOne was directed to keEp WATcH of LeesbUrg, froM WhIcH The
patroLs AftErwaRD ReporTed a WEaK ConfedeRate foRCe. an Advance WaS
orderEd, WheReuPon CoLOnel evans, wHo had givEn the cOnfederates greAT
help at Bull RuN, CoNCEnTRateD hiS forces on thE roaD LeadIng fROm
leeSBurg tO WashInGToN, And, on the morning of thE 21sT, had asSumed A
strong positiOn and was reADY To be attaCked.

[iLlUStration: FORTIFyING RiCHMOND.

In tHE foregroUnd we See R.E. Lee And two othER ConfederAte OffIceRs
dIREcTing the work.]

ThE uNion TrOops werE feRried acRosS thE riVer In Three scowS, two
skifFs, AnD a LiFe-bOat, whICh combinEd WouLd Not Carry ONe-fourTh of
tHe meN. WHeN All Were oveR ThEY AdvaNcEd To LeEsbUrG, wherE no
CONfeDerate cAmp was fouNd, bUT the EnEmY in the wOods attacked tHeM.
Colonel E.D. baKer, A civilIAN officer From California, hurried acROss
the rIveR with 1,900 Men aNd took comManD. The enEmy WAs reinForced And
drOvE thE uNioniSTS bAck. coLonel Baker WAS kiLled aNd The FEderals
Fled in a panic to the POTomAc, with the ConfEdeRateS UPoN thEM. THE
fuGiTIveS SWarmed into the boAts and sank ThREe Of them; otheRS leApEd
over tHe bank aNd swaM And diveD for their Lives, the eNeMy shOOTinG and
bayoneTing all wHo did not sURrendER
 Scott's old age and incre asing infi rmiti escom pe lled  him  in
November t o  giv e up the command of th e Uni on armi e s,  andall hop e sc e ntr ed  u pon  M c Cl ellan . H e keptdrilling t heAr my of the Po t om ac, and by 
th e close of t heyear h ad  15 0 ,000wel l-tra ined s o ldiers  under hi sc ommand .  The im p a ti ence  of the North beg a nt o manifest its elf, b ut no g ene ral  advance t oo k pla c e, thou g ht h e  Co n federate line  was gradua l lypushed  b ack from i ts th re a ten ing positio n in  front of  Washi n gton to its
fir st pos iti onat B u ll  R un.  T h e C o nf ede r acy  was als obu sy in  rec r u i t ingand  dri lling  its forces.Kno wing tha t Ric hmond  was  t he ob jectiv e poi nt 
of the Union a dvan ce, the c ity  w assu rroun d ed wit h f orm idablefortifi c ati on s . 
DISASTER AT BALL'S  B L U FF .

On th e 19th of  O c tober Ge ne ral  McC a l l was  ord e re d to occ upy
Dr a in es ville,ei ghteen  m ile s n orthw e st o f Wash ington.At th e  same time,
Ge n eral Stone wa s  d i r ec t ed t o k eep watch o f Le e sbur g, f r om  wh i ch th e
pat ro l sa fterward reported a  w eak Co nfede rate force. A n advancew a s 
ordered , wh e re u pon Colonel Ev ans,who had gi v en the C onfed erates g reat
help a t Bull R un,  co nce ntr a t ed  his forces o n thero ad lead ing  from
L ees bur g t o W as hington,and, onth emo rn ing  of t h e 21st,ha d a ss ume d a
s t rong p ositi on a nd  w a s r eady to be a ttac ke d. 

[I llu st ratio n: F O RTI FYING R ICHMOND.
In thefo re groundwe see R.E. L ee  and two o th erconfed e r ate offi cers
directing the work . ]

TheUni on tr oops  were fer rie d acro sst he riv er inthree  s cow s ,  twos k if fs,  a nd a life- b o at,  whic hcomb ined wo uld not carry one- f our th of
the men . W hena l lwer e  o v erth e y a d v anced to Leesbu rg, whereno Co nfederatec amp  w as foun d, butthe e n emy inthe woods  attacked  t hem. C olo nel E.D. B aker, aciviliano ffice r  f rom C ali fornia ,hur riedacross the  rive r with  1 ,900 m en an dtook com mand. The enemy was rei nforce d and 
dr ove the U nio n ist s back. C olon el Baker w askil led a ndt he Fe dera l sfle d  in a  pan i c to theP ot oma c ,  w ith the Con f e d era tes u pon them.Thefugitives swarmed into the boats  and s ank  th r ee o fthem; others l eap ed o ver theba nk and swam  and div ed for t heir l ives,the ene m y  s h ooting  and 
ba yonetingall  w h o did n ot  s u rrende r
 Scott's_old age_and increasing infirmities compelled_him in
November_to_give up_the_command of the_Union armies, and_all hopes
centred upon McClellan._He kept drilling_the_Army of the Potomac, and by
the close of the year had 150,000 well-trained soldiers_under_his
command. The_impatience_of_the North began to manifest_itself, but no
general advance took_place, though_the Confederate line was gradually
pushed back from its_threatening_position in front_of Washington to its
first position at Bull Run. The_Confederacy was also busy in recruiting
and_drilling its forces._Knowing_that_Richmond was the objective_point
of the Union advance, the city_was surrounded with formidable
fortifications.


DISASTER AT BALL'S_BLUFF.

On the 19th of October General McCall_was ordered to occupy
Drainesville, eighteen miles_northwest of Washington. At the_same time,
General_Stone was directed to keep_watch of Leesburg,_from which_the
patrols afterward reported_a weak Confederate force. An advance_was
ordered, whereupon Colonel_Evans, who had given the Confederates_great
help_at Bull Run,_concentrated_his_forces on_the road leading_from
Leesburg_to Washington,_and,_on the morning of the 21st,_had_assumed a
strong position and was ready to_be attacked.

[Illustration: FORTIFYING RICHMOND.

In_the_foreground we see R.E._Lee and two other confederate_officers
directing the work.]

The Union troops were_ferried across_the river_in three scows, two
skiffs, and a life-boat, which combined would not_carry one-fourth of
the men. When all_were over they advanced_to Leesburg,_where_no
Confederate camp was_found,_but the_enemy in the woods attacked them.
Colonel E.D._Baker, a_civilian officer from California, hurried across
the_river with 1,900 men_and_took command. The enemy was reinforced_and
drove the Unionists back. Colonel Baker_was killed and the Federals
fled_in_a_panic to the Potomac, with_the Confederates upon them. The
fugitives swarmed_into the boats_and sank three of them; others leaped
over_the_bank and swam and dived for_their_lives, the enemy shooting and
bayoneting all_who_did_not surrender