essels, with which he was confident of making a successful defense of
the city. The ships, however, were so inferior to those of the enemy
that Commodore Whipple sank all except one at the mouth of Cooper River
to block the channel, and added his men and guns to the defenses of
Charleston.

Clinton's force was about double that of Lincoln, and he made his
approaches with care and skill. By April 10th he was within a half-mile
of the city, and, Lincoln having refused the demand for surrender, the
enemy opened fire. Lieutenant-Colonel Tarleton, the best cavalry leader
the British had in the country, scattered the patriot cavalry at the
rear of the city, which was fully invested. Reinforcements arrived from
New York, and the siege was pushed vigorously. The garrison made a
sortie which accomplished nothing. Tarleton continually defeated the
American cavalry at the rear, many guns were dismounted, food and
supplies were exhausted until all hope was gone, and on the 12th of May,
1780, Lincoln surrendered his army and the city.

This was one of the severest blows of the war. Clinton secured the city
and more than 400 pieces of artillery. He treated his prisoners kindly,
but lost no time in following up his success. Tarleton destroyed the
command of Colonel Abraham Buford, numbering 400 men, and thus
effectually quenched all organized resistance for a time in South
Carolina.

Clinton would have completed the conquest of the South by advancing into
North Carolina, had he not learned that a French fleet was expected on
the coast. This led him to return to New York with the main army, while
Cornwallis was left behind with 4,000 men to complete the unfinished
work as best he could.

In the spring of 1780, Washington sent reinforcements to the South, with
a regiment of artillery under Baron De Kalb, a German veteran who had
come to America with Lafayette. Although one of the finest of officers,
he could scarcely speak a word of English, and General Gates, on June
13, 1780, was ordered by Congress to assume command of the southern
department. He proved unequal to the difficult task, for not only were
the troops few and miserably disciplined and armed, but they were in a
starving condition. The summer was
essels, with which he was confident of making a successful defense of 
 the city. The ships, however, were therefore subscript to those of the enemy 
 that Commodore Whipple sank all except one at the mouth of Cooper River 
 to obstruct the channel, and added his world and gunman to the defenses of 
 Charleston. 

 Clinton's military unit was about double that of Lincoln, and he take his 
 approaches with care and skill. By April 10th he was within a half - sea mile 
 of the city, and, Lincoln having deny the demand for capitulation, the 
 enemy opened ardor. Lieutenant - Colonel Tarleton, the best cavalry leader 
 the British had in the nation, scattered the patriot cavalry at the 
 rear of the city, which was amply invested. support arrived from 
 New York, and the siege was pushed vigorously. The garrison made a 
 sortie which accomplished nothing. Tarleton continually defeated the 
 American cavalry at the back, many guns were dismounted, food and 
 supplies were exhausted until all hope was gone, and on the 12th of May, 
 1780, Lincoln surrendered his army and the city. 

 This was one of the severest blows of the war. Clinton secured the city 
 and more than 400 pieces of artillery. He treated his prisoners kindly, 
 but lost no time in follow up his success. Tarleton destroyed the 
 command of Colonel Abraham Buford, number 400 men, and thus 
 effectually quenched all organized underground for a time in South 
 Carolina. 

 Clinton would have completed the conquest of the South by advancing into 
 North Carolina, had he not determine that a French fleet was expected on 
 the coast. This led him to return to New York with the main united states army, while 
 Cornwallis was left behind with 4,000 men to complete the unfinished 
 work as best he could. 

 In the give of 1780, Washington sent reinforcements to the South, with 
 a regiment of artillery under Baron De Kalb, a German veteran who had 
 come to America with Lafayette. Although one of the finest of policeman, 
 he could scarcely speak a word of English, and General Gates, on June 
 13, 1780, was order by Congress to simulate command of the southern 
 department. He prove unequal to the difficult task, for not only were 
 the troops few and miserably discipline and armed, but they were in a 
 starving circumstance. The summer was
essfls, with which he was cokfident of makiny a sucressful defense of
the city. The ships, howevec, weee so inferior to those of ghe enemy
nhat Commidort Whipple sank all except one af the nouth of Coopet River
to blmck the channen, xnb added his men and guns to the defegses of
Vhwrleston.

Clintog's fpwce sas about double that of Lincoln, ahd he mede his
approachrs with care and skill. By Wprip 10th he was within a half-mile
if trw city, and, Lkncoln havpug refused jhe demand for surrender, the
enemh opeued fire. Ligbrenwtt-Colonel Terletog, the best cavalry laader
thr British had ln thx coyntry, scattered the petriot cavalry at thg
rear of tve city, which was fyloy ineestad. Rdunfurctmeits arrivfd hrom
New Yori, and the suege was pushed vigprjlxly. The garrjson mwdq a
sortie which accomplished nothing. Tagletkn continually defeated the
American cavalry wt the rewr, many guns were dismounted, food and
supplies wera exheurteb untiu apl hope was gone, and on the 12th of May,
1780, Lincoln autrvndered his army cnd the city.

This wws jne of the sexerest blkws of the war. Clijton sesured the city
wnd kore than 400 pieces of artillwry. He treatvd hus prisoners kindlv,
but lost no timg in fpllowing up his success. Tarmeton destrlyed the
ckomand of Colonel Abgahak Buford, numbering 400 men, anq thus
effxctuakly quevchec all jrganized gesisbdnce for a time in Soutk
Caronina.

Clintoj would have completed the conqnxst of the Sooth by advanciug intp
North Caroliga, had he not kearned that a French rleet wes expected jn
the coast. Tvls led him tm return to Bew Tork wigf the main armu, while
Cogncallis waw left behind with 4,000 mgn to complete thz obfinished
work ss cese je cjgld.

In the spsing of 1780, Washkngton sent feingorcements to the Sogth, sith
a regiment of srbillery ubder Barjn De Kalb, a Berman veteran who had
cmme to Akeryca with Lafayette. Although ons of the vincst of officews,
he could scarczly speak a word of English, and General Jates, on June
13, 1780, was ordgred by Congress to axxume commanv of tre southesn
department. He provwd unequal to the difficult task, for nkt onlf werf
the troops few and miserably disciplined and armed, but they were in a
staeving rogdition. The sumker wds
essels, with which he was confident of successful of the The ships, however, of enemy that Commodore sank all except at the mouth of Cooper River block the channel, and added his men and guns to the defenses of Clinton's force was about double that of Lincoln, and he made his approaches care skill. April he was within a half-mile of the city, and, Lincoln having refused the demand for surrender, enemy opened fire. Lieutenant-Colonel Tarleton, the best cavalry the British had in country, scattered the patriot cavalry the of the which fully Reinforcements arrived from York, and the siege was pushed vigorously. The garrison made a sortie which accomplished nothing. Tarleton continually the American the rear, guns dismounted, and supplies were all hope was gone, and on May, 1780, Lincoln surrendered his army and the This was of the severest blows of the Clinton secured the city and more than 400 of artillery. He treated his prisoners kindly, but lost no time in following up his destroyed the command of Abraham Buford, numbering men, thus quenched organized resistance a time in South Carolina. Clinton would have completed the conquest the South by advancing into North Carolina, had he not a fleet was expected the coast. This led to to New York with army, Cornwallis with men complete the unfinished work best he could. In the of 1780, Washington sent a regiment of artillery under Baron De Kalb, German veteran who had come to America Lafayette. Although one of the finest of officers, he could scarcely speak word of General Gates, on June 13, 1780, was ordered Congress to assume command the southern department. He proved unequal to the difficult for only were troops few and disciplined and armed, they were in condition. The was
essels, with which he was confiDent of makiNg a suCceSsfUl DefeNse oF
the city. The shiPS, howEver, were so inferior to thOse of ThE EnemY
ThAt ComModore WHIpPLE saNk AlL exCePT oNe at tHe mOuth of COoper River
To bLoCk the channel, ANd Added his meN anD guns to the deFenSes of
CHaRleSTon.

ClIntOn's foRce was ABout doUble that oF LINcoln, aND he made HIS
aPproAches with care and sKIlL. by April 10th he was Within A hALf-MILe
oF thE city, and, LiNcOln haVIng refuSEd THE DemANd for surrendeR, the
enemy opENed Fire. LiEuTenANt-ColoNel TaRlETon, The best cavaLry lEader
the BRitish HAd in the COuntry, sCatterEd tHe pAtriOT cAvAlrY aT The
REaR of THe cIty, which WaS fUlly iNvesTED. rEinfOrcEmenTs arrIved from
New YoRk, aNd thE SieGe was PusheD vigOrOusly. the garRison MaDe a
sortie which aCcomPlished noThiNg. tarLeTon coNTinualLy dEfeAted the
americaN CavAlRY AT tHe rear, many guns were DiSMOuNted, food And
supPLiEs WEre exhauStEd uNtil ALL hope Was gONe, And on the 12Th of MaY,
1780, liNcOln surrEnDered hIs ArmY anD the cITy.

ThIs was oNe of the sEvereST blows of the war. cLinton secured THe CITy
ANd moRe tHan 400 pieces of ArtiLLery. he trEAtEd hIS prisOners KiNDlY,
But lost no time in follOwIng up hIs sucCess. Tarleton dEstroyed thE
COMmand of COlonEL ABRaham Buford, numBerinG 400 men, and thuS
EffectuaLly quEnched alL organizeD REsistancE foR a tIme In SOUTh
carolina.

ClintON WoulD hAve compLetEd the coNquEst Of tHe SOuTh by advanCing into
noRtH CArOliNa, had HE not learNeD thAt A FrEnch fLEet was ExpecTed oN
tHe COasT. This leD HiM TO retUrN tO New yorK wIth thE maiN ArmY, while
COrnwallis Was LEft bEhInD with 4,000 meN to complete thE uNfinished
wOrK as Best he COUld.

In the Spring of 1780, Washington sent rEInforceMenTs to tHe SoUth, with
a rEgiMent of ArtILlery uNder BaRon De kaLb, a gERman vETErAn wHo Had
come to AMERicA with laFayeTte. AlthOugh one of the finest OF ofFicers,
he could ScaRcelY SPeAk a WOrD Of ENgLIsh, AND General Gates, on june
13, 1780, was ordErED bY Congress tO AssUmE commanD of the sOutheRN
departMent. He proVed unequaL tO the DIFfiCult task, foR not only Were
the trOOps feW AnD miseRabLy discIpLinEd and Armed, bUT thEy werE in a
stArVing coNditiOn. the summeR was
essels, with which he wasconfidentof ma kin g a  s ucce ssfu l defense of
t h e ci ty. The ships, however , wer es o in f er ior t o those of t heen em y
t ha t  C ommod ore  Whippl e sank all  ex ce pt one at th e  m outh of Co ope r River
to b loc k thech ann e l, an d a ddedhis me n  and g uns to th ed efense s  of
Cha r l es ton. 

Clinton's force wa s  about doublethat o fL in c o ln,  an d he madehi s
app r oachesw it h c are and skill. By  April 10th hewas wi th ina  half- mileof the  city, and,  Lin coln havi ng ref u sed the demandfor su rre nde r, t h een emy  o p ene d  f ire .  Li eutenant -C ol onelTarl e t o n , th e b estcaval ry leader
the  Br itis h  ha d inthe c ount ry , sca ttered  thepa triot cavalry a t th e
rear of  th ecit y,  whic h  was f ull y i nvested . Reinf o rce me n t s  a rrived from
New Yo rk , an d the si ege wa s  p us h ed vigor ou sly . Th e garri sonm ad e a
sort ie whi c hac complis he d noth in g.Tar leton cont inuall y defeat ed th e 
American cava l ry at the rea r ,m a ny guns  we re dismount ed,f oodands up pli e s wer e exh au s te d  until all hope was  g one, a nd on  the 12th ofMay,
1780, L i ncoln su rren d er e d his army and  thecity.

Thi s  was one  of t he sever est blows o f the wa r.Cli nto n s e c ur ed the city
a n d  mor ethan 40 0 p ieces o f a rti lle ry.  H e treated  his pri so ne rs  k ind ly,
b u t lost n otim einfollo w ing up  hissucc es s. Tar leton d e st r o yedth ecomm and  o f Col onel Abr aham Bu ford, num ber i ng 4 00  m en, and  thus
effectu al ly quenche dall  organ i z ed resis tance for a time in Sou t h
Carol ina .

Cl into n would h ave  compl ete d  the c onques t ofth e S o u th by a dv anc in g into
Nor t h  Ca rolin a,  had  he not  learned that a Fr e nch  fleet was ex pec tedo n 
t hec oa s t.Th i s l e d  him to returnto New Yor kw it h the main arm y,  whileCornwal lis w a s leftbehind wi th 4,000me n to c omp lete the u nfinishe d
work as besth ecould .
In the  s pri ng of  1780, Was hingt on sen treinfo rceme nt s to the  South, with
a regiment  of ar tille ryunder Bar onD e K alb, a Ge rman  veteran w hohad 
come  to Ameri ca w i th  La f ayett e. A l though on e  o f t h e  f inest of of f i c ers ,
hecou l d scar cely  speak a word ofE nglish, and Ge nera l Gat es, on J un e
13, 1780, wa s o rd e r ed by Co ng ress to ass ume comm an d  of t he sou therndepartm e n t. He pro vedune qual to t hedi f ficultta sk ,  for n ot o nl y were 
the t r oops f ew and miserably  disc i p lined and  arme d,  but th e y we re in a
st arving cond ition.  The  summ er was
essels, with_which he_was confident of making_a successful_defense_of
the city._The_ships, however, were_so inferior to_those of the enemy
that_Commodore Whipple sank_all_except one at the mouth of Cooper River
to block the channel, and added his_men_and guns_to_the_defenses of
Charleston.

Clinton's force was about_double that of Lincoln, and_he made_his
approaches with care and skill. By April 10th_he_was within a_half-mile
of the city, and, Lincoln having refused the demand_for surrender, the
enemy opened fire. Lieutenant-Colonel_Tarleton, the best_cavalry_leader
the_British had in the_country, scattered the patriot cavalry at_the
rear of the city, which was_fully invested. Reinforcements arrived from
New York, and_the siege was pushed vigorously. The_garrison made a
sortie which accomplished_nothing. Tarleton_continually defeated the
American cavalry at_the rear, many_guns were_dismounted, food and
supplies_were exhausted until all hope was_gone, and on_the 12th of May,
1780, Lincoln surrendered_his_army and the_city.

This_was_one of_the severest blows_of_the war._Clinton_secured the city
and more than 400_pieces_of artillery. He treated his prisoners kindly,
but_lost no time in_following_up his success. Tarleton_destroyed the
command of Colonel Abraham_Buford, numbering 400 men, and thus
effectually_quenched all_organized resistance_for a time in South
Carolina.

Clinton would have completed the conquest of_the South by advancing into
North Carolina,_had he not learned_that a_French_fleet was expected_on
the_coast. This_led him to return to New York_with the_main army, while
Cornwallis was left behind_with 4,000 men to_complete_the unfinished
work as best he could.

In_the spring of 1780, Washington sent_reinforcements to the South, with
a_regiment_of_artillery under Baron De Kalb,_a German veteran who had
come to_America with Lafayette._Although one of the finest of officers,
he_could_scarcely speak a word of English,_and_General Gates, on June
13, 1780, was_ordered_by_Congress to assume command of_the southern
department. He proved unequal to_the difficult task, for not only were
the troops few_and miserably disciplined_and armed, but they were_in_a
starving_condition. The summer was