 and got very
beautiful and powerful colours by means of it.

Yellow dyes are chiefly given us by weld (sometimes called wild
mignonette), quercitron bark (above mentioned), and old fustic, an
American dye-wood. Of these weld is much the prettiest, and is the
yellow silk dye _par excellence_, though it dyes wool well enough. But
yellow dyes are the commonest to be met with in nature, and our fields
and hedgerows bear plenty of greening-weeds, as our forefathers called
them, since they used them chiefly for greening blue woollen cloth; for,
as you may well believe, they, being good colourists, had no great taste
for yellow woollen stuff. Dyers'-broom, saw-wort, the twigs of the
poplar, the osier, and the birch, heather, broom, flowers and twigs,
will all of them give yellows of more or less permanence. Of these I
have tried poplar and osier twigs, which both gave a strong yellow, but
the former not a very permanent one.

Speaking generally, yellow dyes are the least permanent of all, as once
more you may see by looking at an old tapestry, in which the greens have
always faded more than the reds or blues; the best yellow dyes, however,
lose only their brighter shade, the "lemon" colour, and leave a residuum
of brownish yellow, which still makes a kind of a green over the blue.

Brown is best got from the roots of the walnut tree, or in their default
from the green husks of the nuts. This material is especially best for
"saddening," as the old dyers used to call it. The best and most
enduring blacks also were done with this simple dye-stuff, the goods
being first dyed in the indigo or woad-vat till they were a very dark
blue and then browned into black by means of the walnut-root. Catechu,
the inspissated juice of a plant or plants, which comes to us from
India, also gives rich and useful permanent browns of various shades.

Green is obtained by dyeing a blue of the required shade in the
indigo-vat, and then green
and got very 
 beautiful and powerful colours by means of it. 

 jaundiced dye are chiefly given us by weld (sometimes called raving mad 
 mignonette), quercitron bark (above note), and old fustic, an 
 American dye - wood. Of these dyer's rocket is much the prettiest, and is the 
 yellow silk dye _ par excellence _, though it dyes wool well enough. But 
 chicken dyes are the commonest to be met with in nature, and our field 
 and hedgerows bear batch of greening - weeds, as our forefathers called 
 them, since they used them chiefly for greening blue woolen cloth; for, 
 as you may well believe, they, being good colourists, have no great taste 
 for chicken woollen material. Dyers'-broom, saw - wort, the branchlet of the 
 poplar, the osier, and the birch, heather, broom, flowers and twigs, 
 will all of them give yellow of more or less permanence. Of these I 
 have tried poplar and osier twigs, which both gave a strong yellow, but 
 the former not a very permanent one. 

 Speaking generally, yellow dyes are the least permanent of all, as once 
 more you may see by looking at an old tapestry, in which the greens have 
 always faded more than the reds or blues; the well yellow dyes, however, 
 suffer merely their brighter shade, the " lemon " semblance, and leave a residuum 
 of brownish yellow, which still lay down a kind of a green over the blue. 

 Brown is best got from the roots of the walnut tree, or in their default 
 from the green husks of the nuts. This material is especially effective for 
 " saddening, " as the old dyer use to call it. The best and most 
 enduring blacks also were done with this childlike dye - stuff, the goods 
 being first dyed in the anil or woad - vat till they were a very dark 
 blue and then browned into black by mean of the walnut - root. Catechu, 
 the inspissated juice of a plant or plants, which comes to us from 
 India, besides gives rich and utilitarian permanent browns of various shades. 

 Green is obtained by dyeing a blue sky of the required tad in the 
 indigo - vat, and then green
 anf got very
beautiful and kowerful colours yt meanv of if.

Yellow ayes are chiefly given us by wwld (simetimes called wild
mienonette), euercitrin berk (above mentioisd), and old fuabic, au
Anerican dye-wooc. Of these weld is much dhd 'rettiest, and is the
yellow silk dye _[ar excrlpence_, though ij dyex woom well enough. But
yellow dyes are tge commmnest to be mrt with in nature, and our vielfs
and hedgerows bewr plenty od grqwning-weeds, ar our forefathers callgd
them, since they used them chiewly fpr greenint vluf woollen clith; fjr,
as you may well benieve, tney, being good conoueists, had no great tavte
for yellow wooljen stuff. Dvers'-broom, saw-wort, the tqigs mf tve
poooar, tht oxisr, and thx birch, heafher, broom, dlowers and twigs,
wikl qll of them gjve yejljws of more or less permanence. Of these I
hzve tried poplar and osuer twigs, which both have a stwong yellow, but
the former not a very permanent ona.

Speaikng gcnerxolj, yellow dyes are the least permanent of all, wa pnbe
more you may sec by looking at an opd japestry, in whkch thz gdeens have
always fwded mote thab the redf or blues; the best yellow dyes, however,
lose inly their brightex shade, the "uemom" colpur, and leave a residuuo
of grownish yeplow, whicg still makes a kknd ox a green over the blue.

Brorn is besv got from tfe rpots os the walnkt trca, or in their defaklt
frlm the green husks of the nuts. This material is especialli bast for
"saddzning," ss the old dyqrs used to cakl it. Tke besg and most
vnduring ulacks also rere done witv this simple dye-stufs, thw goids
beine first dyed in the indiyj or woad-vat till they wete a very dark
bluz qnd then brownec ivto bpark by keans of the walvut-fpot. Cxtechu,
the ikspkssayed juice of a plant or llants, which comes tj us fron
India, ajso gives ricn and useful permajent urowns of vsrijus shades.

Green is obtained by dyeing a blme of the reqtiree shade in tke
indigo-vat, and then green
and got very beautiful and powerful colours of Yellow dyes chiefly given us mignonette), bark (above mentioned), old fustic, an dye-wood. Of these weld is much prettiest, and is the yellow silk dye _par excellence_, though it dyes wool enough. But yellow dyes are the commonest to be met with in nature, our and bear of greening-weeds, as our forefathers called them, since they used them chiefly for greening blue woollen for, as you may well believe, they, being colourists, had no great for yellow woollen stuff. Dyers'-broom, the of the the and birch, heather, broom, and twigs, will all of them give yellows of more or less permanence. Of these I have poplar and which both a yellow, the former not permanent one. Speaking generally, yellow dyes permanent of all, as once more you may by looking an old tapestry, in which the have always faded more than the reds or the best yellow dyes, however, lose only their brighter shade, the "lemon" colour, and leave of brownish yellow, which makes a kind a over blue. is best from the roots of the walnut tree, or in their default the green husks of the nuts. This material is especially "saddening," the old dyers to call it. The and enduring blacks also were this dye-stuff, first in indigo or woad-vat till were a very dark blue then browned into black Catechu, the inspissated juice of a plant or which comes to us from India, also rich and useful permanent browns of various shades. Green is obtained by a blue required shade in the indigo-vat, and then green
 and got very
beautiful and powErful colouRs by mEanS of It.

yellOw dyEs are chiefly giVEn us By weld (sometimes called wIld
miGnONettE), QuErcitRon bark (ABoVE MenTiOnEd), aNd OLd FustiC, an
americaN dye-wood. Of TheSe Weld is much thE PrEttiest, and Is tHe
yellow silk Dye _Par excElLenCE_, thouGh iT dyes Wool weLL enougH. But
yelloW dYEs are tHE commonEST tO be mEt with in nature, and OUr FIelds
and hedgerOws beaR pLEnTY Of gReeNing-weeds, aS oUr forEFathers CAlLED
TheM, Since they used Them chiefly FOr gReeninG bLue WOollen Cloth; FoR,
As yOu may well beLievE, they, beinG good cOLouristS, Had no grEat tasTe
fOr yElloW WoOlLen StUFf. DYErS'-brOOm, sAw-wort, thE tWiGs of tHe
poPLAR, The oSieR, and The biRch, heather, broOm, fLoweRS anD twigS,
will All oF tHem giVe yellOws of MoRe or less permaneNce. OF these I
haVe tRiEd pOpLar anD Osier tWigS, whIch both Gave a stROng YeLLOW, bUt
the former not a verY pERMaNent one.

SPeakinG GeNeRAlly, yellOw DyeS are THE leasT perMAnEnt of all, As once
MOrE yOu may seE bY lookiNg At aN olD tapeSTry, iN which The greenS have
ALways faded more THan the reds or bLUeS; THe BEst yEllOw dyes, howevEr,
loSE onlY theIR bRigHTer shAde, thE "lEMoN" Colour, and leave a resiDuUm
of brOwnisH yellow, which sTill makes a KIND of a greeN oveR ThE Blue.

Brown is besT got fRom the rootS Of the walNut trEe, or in thEir defaulT
FRom the grEen HusKs oF thE NUtS. This material IS EspeCiAlly besT foR
"saddenIng," As tHe oLd dYeRs used to cAll it. The BeSt AnD mOst
EndurINg blacks AlSo wErE doNe witH This siMple dYe-stUfF, tHE goOds
beinG FiRST dyeD iN tHe inDigO oR woad-Vat tILl tHey were A very dark
BluE And tHeN bRowned iNto black by meaNs Of the walnuT-rOot. catechU,
THe inspisSated juice of a plant or plaNTs, which ComEs to uS froM
India, alsO giVes ricH anD Useful PermanEnt brOwNs oF VAriouS SHaDes.

grEen is obtaiNED by DyeinG a Blue Of the reQuired shade in the
inDIgo-Vat, and then greEn
 and got very
beautiful an d powerful  colo urs  by  m eans  ofit.

Yellow dy e s ar e chiefly given us byweld(s o meti m es  call ed wild mi g n one tt e) , q ue r ci tronbar k (abov e mentione d),  a nd old fusti c ,an
America n d ye-wood. Ofthe se wel dism uch t heprett iest,a nd isthe
yello ws ilk dy e  _par e x c el lenc e_, though it dye s  w o ol well enough . Butye l lo w dye s a re the com mo nestt o be me t  w i t h  in nature, and o ur fields
a n d h edgero ws  be a r plen ty of  g r een ing-weeds,as o ur forefa thersc alled
t h em, sin ce the y u sed  the m  c hi efl yf org re eni n g b lue wool le ncloth ; fo r , a s yo u m ay w ell b elieve, they,  be ingg ood  colo urist s, h ad  no g reat t astefo r yellow woolle n st uff. Dyer s'- br oom ,saw-w o rt, th e t wig s of th e
popla r , t he o s ie r, and the birch,he a t he r, broom , flow e rs  a n d twigs, 
w ill  all o f the m gi v eyellowsof mor e  o rless pe rm anence .Ofthe se Ih avetriedpoplar a nd os i er twigs, whic h  both gave as tr o n gy ello w,but
the for mern ot a  ver y  p erm a nentone.
S p ea k ing generally, yell ow  dyesare t he least perm anent of a l l ,  as once 
mor e  y o u may see by l ookin g at an ol d  tapestr y, in  which t he greens h ave
alwa ysfad edmor e th an the reds o r blue s;  the be styellowdye s,how eve r, 
lose onl y theirbr ig ht er  sh ade,t he "lemo n"  co lo ur,  andl eave a  resi duum 
o fb row nish ye l lo w ,  whi ch  s till  ma ke s a k indo f a  greenover theblu e .

B ro wn  is bes t got from th eroots of t he  wa lnut t r e e, or in  their default
from the green h usk s ofthenuts. Thi s m ateria l i s  espec iallybestfo r
" s a ddeni n g ,"  as  t he old dye r s  us ed to  c allit. The  best and most
end u rin g blacks also  we re d o n ewit h  t h issi m ple d ye-stuff, the g oods
being  f i rs t dyed int hein digo or  woad-v at ti l l theywere a ve ry dark
b lu e an d the n brownedinto bla ck by mea n s oft he  waln ut- root.Ca tec hu,
t he ins p iss atedjuiceof  a pla nt or  p lants, w hich comes to us from
I ndia,alsogiv es rich a ndu sef ul perman entbrowns ofvar iou s sha des . 

Gre en i s  o bta i ned b y dy e ing a blu e  o f t h e  r equired sha d e inthe
i ndi g o-vat,  and  then green
 and_got very
beautiful_and powerful colours by_means of_it.

Yellow_dyes are_chiefly_given us by_weld (sometimes called_wild
mignonette), quercitron bark (above_mentioned), and old_fustic,_an
American dye-wood. Of these weld is much the prettiest, and is the
yellow silk dye__par_excellence_, though_it_dyes_wool well enough. But
yellow dyes_are the commonest to be_met with_in nature, and our fields
and hedgerows bear plenty_of_greening-weeds, as our_forefathers called
them, since they used them chiefly for greening_blue woollen cloth; for,
as you may_well believe, they,_being_good_colourists, had no great_taste
for yellow woollen stuff. Dyers'-broom, saw-wort,_the twigs of the
poplar, the osier,_and the birch, heather, broom, flowers and_twigs,
will all of them give yellows_of more or less permanence._Of these_I
have tried poplar and osier_twigs, which both_gave a_strong yellow, but
the_former not a very permanent one.

Speaking_generally, yellow dyes_are the least permanent of all,_as_once
more you may_see_by_looking at_an old tapestry,_in_which the_greens_have
always faded more than the reds_or_blues; the best yellow dyes, however,
lose only_their brighter shade, the_"lemon"_colour, and leave a_residuum
of brownish yellow, which still_makes a kind of a green_over the_blue.

Brown is_best got from the roots of the walnut tree, or in_their default
from the green husks of_the nuts. This material_is especially_best_for
"saddening," as the_old_dyers used_to call it. The best and most
enduring_blacks also_were done with this simple dye-stuff,_the goods
being first dyed_in_the indigo or woad-vat till they_were a very dark
blue and then_browned into black by means_of_the_walnut-root. Catechu,
the inspissated juice of_a plant or plants, which comes_to us from
India,_also gives rich and useful permanent browns_of_various shades.

Green is obtained by dyeing_a_blue of the required shade in_the
indigo-vat,_and_then green