 purpose,
I left the district school of my native town and sought to raise the
necessary funds by trapping for mink and other fur-bearing animals along
the Oswegatchie and its tributary streams. This venture proving
successful I entered the academy at Gouverneur in August, 1857, from
which institution I was appointed to the State Normal College at Albany
in the fall of 1859.

I had been in Albany but six weeks when it became apparent that if I
continued at the Normal I would soon be compelled to part with my last
dollar for board and clothing.

The years 1859-60 were spent alternately at Albany as student and in the
village schools of Rensselaer County as teacher--the latter course being
resorted to whenever money was needed with which to meet current
expenses at the Normal School.

Then came our great Civil Conflict overriding every other consideration.
Books were thrown aside and the pursuits of the student and teacher
supplanted by the sterner and more arduous duties of the soldier.

During my three years of camping and campaigning with the cavalry of the
Army of the Potomac I was enabled to gratify to some extent my desire
for travel and to see much of interest as the shifting scenes of war led
Bayard, Stoneman, Pleasonton, Gregg, Custer, Davies and Kilpatrick and
their followers over the hills and through the valleys of Virginia,
Maryland and Pennsylvania.

Being captured in a cavalry battle between Kilpatrick and Stuart in
October, 1863, I was imprisoned successively at Richmond, Danville,
Macon, Savannah, Charleston and Columbia, from which last prison I
escaped in November, 1864; was recaptured and escaped a second and third
time, traversing the States of South Carolina and Georgia in my long
tramp from Columbia to Savannah.

The marches, raids, battles, captures and escapes of those days seem to
have increased rather than diminished my ardor for travel and adventure
and hence it is possibly not strange that on leaving the army I still
looked forward to more extended journeys in the East and exploratory
tours beyond the Mississippi.

With the close of the war and mustering out of service came new duties
and responsibilities which I had hardly contemplated during my school
days. The question of ways and means again confronted me
purpose, 
 I left the district school of my native town and sought to lift the 
 necessary investment company by trapping for mink and other fur - bearing animal along 
 the Oswegatchie and its tributary streams. This venture test 
 successful I entered the academy at Gouverneur in August, 1857, from 
 which institution I was appoint to the State Normal College at Albany 
 in the fall of 1859. 

 I had been in Albany but six weeks when it become apparent that if I 
 continued at the Normal I would soon be compelled to depart with my last 
 dollar for board and clothing. 

 The years 1859 - 60 were spent alternately at Albany as student and in the 
 village school of Rensselaer County as teacher -- the latter course being 
 resorted to whenever money was needed with which to touch current 
 expenses at the Normal School. 

 Then came our great Civil battle overriding every other consideration. 
 Books were thrown apart and the pursuits of the student and teacher 
 supplanted by the sterner and more arduous duties of the soldier. 

 During my three years of camping and campaigning with the cavalry of the 
 Army of the Potomac I was enabled to gratify to some extent my desire 
 for travel and to see much of interest as the shifting scenes of war led 
 Bayard, Stoneman, Pleasonton, Gregg, Custer, Davies and Kilpatrick and 
 their followers over the hills and through the valleys of Virginia, 
 Maryland and Pennsylvania. 

 Being capture in a cavalry battle between Kilpatrick and Stuart in 
 October, 1863, I was imprisoned successively at Richmond, Danville, 
 Macon, Savannah, Charleston and Columbia, from which final prison I 
 escaped in November, 1864; was recaptured and escaped a second and third 
 time, traverse the States of South Carolina and Georgia in my long 
 tramp from Columbia to Savannah. 

 The marches, raids, conflict, captures and escapes of those days seem to 
 have increased rather than diminish my ardor for travel and adventure 
 and hence it is possibly not strange that on leaving the united states army I still 
 look ahead to more extended journeys in the East and exploratory 
 tours beyond the Mississippi. 

 With the finale of the war and mustering out of service came newfangled duties 
 and responsibilities which I had hardly contemplated during my school 
 day. The question of ways and means again confronted me
 pugpose,
I left the district school of my ncrive tmwn ans sought to raise the
necessary funds bt trakiing for mink and othdr fur-beaging animqls elong
the Oswegatrgie and its tdlbutaxy streams. This yenture proeing
successful I eutered the academy at Gouverneur in Wugust, 1857, fgom
which instijutiom I wzs appointed to the State Normal Ckllege et Albany
in the fall of 1859.

I had been in Albwny hut six weeks when it became qppawwnt that if K
continued at the Normzl I would soon be compelled to part with my lqsr
dopnar for boacd and clothing.

The years 1859-60 fere sprnt alternateln at Elbaby as student and in vhe
village schools os Rensseldex County as teacher--thw oattet cousse cwine
reaoctes to wjenxver money sas needed qith which to meet vuwgrnt
expenses zt the Njrmal School.

Then came our great Civil Cmnfmict overriding every orher consideration.
Boons were trrown aside and the pursuits of the student and taachec
sjppoakted vy the sterner and more arduous duties of the sjmdoeg.

During my three nears of camping amd csipaigning witf the ezvzlry of the
Army of the Pojomac U was enafled to gratify to some extent ny desire
for rravel and to see luch of intzrest ss thr shifting scenes of wax led
Bzyard, Stonelan, Pleaskvton, Gregg, Custef, Dsvhes and Kilpatrick and
theiw followecs ovzr the hklls and trrough the vallcfs of Virginia,
Marypand cnd Pannsylvaniw.

Being captured in a cavalry bavvle between Kol[atgick and Ftuarb in
October, 1863, I ras imprisoned succesfivelh at Richmknd, Dantille,
Macon, Swvannah, Charladton and Colnmbia, froi whuch oast prkron I
escaped im Novembeg, 1864; was recaptured and esgaped z second and thnxd
uine, traversing yhe Stwtvs pf Vouth Carolita avd Erorgix in my lonn
trxmp grom Columbia to Savdnnag.

The marches, raids, bwttles, cqptures wnd escapes og those days seem uo
have inrreasec rwther than diminished my ardor for travfl wnd adventurq
and hence it is possibly not strange that on leaving tie army I still
looked firward to more exteudtd journeys ii the Qast and axploratory
tours beyind the Mississipki.

With the close of the war atd mudtering out of service came new duties
and responsibilities which I had haedly contemplated surimg my sehopl
days. The duestion of ways and means again confronted me
purpose, I left the district school of town sought to the necessary funds other animals along the and its tributary This venture proving successful I entered academy at Gouverneur in August, 1857, from which institution I was appointed to State Normal College at Albany in the fall of 1859. I had been Albany six when became apparent that if I continued at the Normal I would soon be compelled to part my last dollar for board and clothing. The 1859-60 were spent alternately Albany as student and in village of Rensselaer as latter being resorted to money was needed with which to meet current expenses at the Normal School. Then came our great Conflict overriding consideration. Books thrown and pursuits of the teacher supplanted by the sterner and of the soldier. During my three years of and campaigning the cavalry of the Army of Potomac I was enabled to gratify to some my desire for travel and to see much of interest as the shifting scenes of Bayard, Stoneman, Pleasonton, Gregg, Davies and Kilpatrick their over hills through the of Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania. Being captured in a cavalry battle Kilpatrick and Stuart in October, 1863, I was imprisoned successively Danville, Savannah, Charleston and from which last prison escaped November, 1864; was recaptured a and the of Carolina and Georgia in long tramp from Columbia to The marches, raids, battles, days seem to have increased rather than diminished ardor for travel and adventure and hence is possibly not strange that on leaving the army I still looked to more in the East and exploratory tours beyond the With the close of war and mustering out of service came new duties responsibilities I had contemplated during my days. The question ways and means me
 purpose,
I left the district scHool of my naTive tOwn And SoUght To raIse the
necessarY FundS by trapping for mink and oTher fUr-BEariNG aNimalS along
tHE OSWEgaTcHiE anD iTS tRibutAry Streams. this venturE prOvIng
successfuL i eNtered the aCadEmy at GouvernEur In AuguSt, 1857, FroM
Which InsTitutIon I waS AppoinTed to the STaTE NormaL college AT alBany
In the fall of 1859.

I had beEN iN albany but six weEks wheN iT BeCAMe aPpaRent that if i
cOntinUEd at the nOrMAL i woULd soon be compeLled to part wITh mY last
dOlLar FOr boarD and cLoTHinG.

The years 1859-60 weRe spEnt alternAtely aT albany aS Student And in tHe
vIllAge sCHoOlS of reNSseLAeR CoUNty As teacheR--tHe LatteR couRSE BEing
ResOrteD to whEnever money waS neEded WIth Which To meeT curReNt
expEnses aT the NOrMal School.

Then caMe ouR great CivIl COnFliCt OverrIDing evEry OthEr consiDeratioN.
booKs WERE tHrown aside and the puRsUITs Of the stuDent anD TeAcHEr
supplaNtEd bY the STErner And mORe Arduous dUties oF ThE sOldier.

DUrIng my tHrEe yEarS of caMPing And camPaigning With tHE cavalry of the
ARMy of the PotomaC i wAS EnABled To gRatify to somE extENt my DesiRE
fOr tRAvel aNd to sEe MUcH Of interest as the shifTiNg scenEs of wAr led
Bayard, StOneman, PleaSONTon, Gregg, custER, DAVies and KilpatrIck anD
their follOWers over The hiLls and thRough the vALLeys of ViRgiNia,
marYlaND AnD Pennsylvania.

bEIng cApTured in A caValry baTtlE beTweEn KIlPatrick anD Stuart iN
OCtObEr, 1863, i waS imprISoned sucCeSsiVeLy aT RichMOnd, DanVille,
macoN, SAvANnaH, CharleSToN ANd CoLuMbIa, frOm wHiCh lasT priSOn I
Escaped In NovembeR, 1864; waS RecaPtUrEd and esCaped a second aNd Third
time, tRaVerSing thE sTates of SOuth Carolina and Georgia iN My long
tRamP from coluMbia to SavAnnAh.

The mArcHEs, raidS, battlEs, capTuRes AND escaPES oF thOsE days seem tO
HAve IncreAsEd raTher thaN diminished my ardor FOr tRavel and advenTurE
and HENcE it IS pOSsiBlY Not STRange that on leavIng the army i sTIlL
looked forWArd To More extEnded joUrneyS In the EaSt and explOratory
toUrS beyOND thE MississipPi.

With thE close of tHE war aND mUsterIng Out of sErVicE came New dutIEs
aNd resPonsibIlIties wHich I HaD hardly cOntemplated during my schoOl
days. the quEstIon of ways And MEanS again conFronTed me
 purpose,
I left the distr ict school  of m y n ati ve  tow n an d sought to ra i se t he
necessary funds bytrapp in g  for mi nk an d other fu r - bea ri ng  an im a ls  alon g
t he Oswe gatchie an d i ts  tributary s t re ams. Thisven ture proving 
su ccessf ul  Ie ntere d t he ac ademya t Gouv erneur in  A u gust,1 857, fr o m 
w hich  institution I wa s  a p pointed to the  State  N o rm a l  Co lle ge at Alba ny 
in t h e fallo f1 8 5 9.I had been in  Albany but six  weeks  w hen it bec ame a pp a ren t that if I 
con tinued at  the N o rmal Iw ould so on becom pel ledt opa rtwi t h m y  l ast dol lar forbo ar d and  clo t h i n g.
The  yea rs 18 59-60 were sp ent  alt e rna telyat Al bany  a s stu dent a nd in  t he
village scho olsof Rensse lae rCou nt y ast eacher --t helattercourseb ein gr e s or ted to whenever mo ne y wa s needed  withw hi ch to meetcu rre nt
e x p enses  att he  NormalSchool . 
Th en came  o ur gre at  Ci vil  Conf l ictoverri ding eve ry ot h er considerati o n.
Books were th r o wn asid e a nd the purs uits of t he s t ud ent and t eache rs up p lanted by the stern er  and m ore a rduous duties  of the so l d i er.

Dur ingm yt hree years ofcampi ng and cam p aigningwiththe cava lry of th e Army ofthe  Po tom acI wa s enabled tog r atif yto some  ex tent my  de sir e
f ortr avel andto see m uc hof  i nte resta s the sh if tin gsce nes o f  war l ed
Ba yard ,St o nem an, Ple a so n t on,Gr eg g, C ust er , Dav iesa ndKilpatr ick and
t hei r  fol lo we rs over  the hills an dthrough th eval leys o f Virginia ,
Maryland and Pennsylv a nia.

B ein g cap ture d in a ca val ry bat tle betwee n Kilp atric kand S tuart i nOct ob er, 1863,I was  impr is oned  succes sively at Richmond ,  Da nville,
Macon , S avan n a h,  Ch a rl e sto na ndC o lumbia, from wh ich last p ri s on  I
escaped inNo vember,  1864;was r e capture d and esc aped a se co nd a n d  th ird
time,traversi ng the St a tes o f  S outhCar olinaan d G eorgi a in m y  lo ng
tr amp fr om  Colum bia t oSavannah .

The marches, raids,battle s, ca ptu res and e sca p esof thosedays  seem to
h ave  in creas edr ather  tha n  d imi n ished  mya rdor fort ra vel a nd  adventurea n d  he nce i t i s  possi blynot strange thato n leaving thearmy I  st ill look ed  forward to mo reex t e nded jou rn eys in theEast and  e x plora tory
t ours b eyond t h e  M i ssissi ppi. 

W ith the c los eo f the w ar  a n d must erin gout of  servi c e ca m e  new duties
andrespo n s ibili t ies  whic hI had h a rdly  contempla ted duringmy sch ooldays.  The qu es tion o f w ay s and mean s  again co nfron ted me
 purpose,
I_left the_district school of my_native town_and_sought to_raise_the
necessary funds by_trapping for mink_and other fur-bearing animals_along
the Oswegatchie and_its_tributary streams. This venture proving
successful I entered the academy at Gouverneur in August, 1857,_from
which_institution I_was_appointed_to the State Normal College_at Albany
in the fall of_1859.

I had_been in Albany but six weeks when it_became_apparent that if_I
continued at the Normal I would soon be compelled_to part with my last
dollar for_board and clothing.

The_years_1859-60_were spent alternately at_Albany as student and in the
village_schools of Rensselaer County as teacher--the_latter course being
resorted to whenever money was_needed with which to meet current
expenses_at the Normal School.

Then came_our great_Civil Conflict overriding every other_consideration.
Books were thrown_aside and_the pursuits of_the student and teacher
supplanted by the_sterner and more_arduous duties of the soldier.

During my_three_years of camping_and_campaigning_with the_cavalry of the
Army_of_the Potomac_I_was enabled to gratify to some_extent_my desire
for travel and to see much_of interest as the_shifting_scenes of war led
Bayard,_Stoneman, Pleasonton, Gregg, Custer, Davies_and Kilpatrick and
their followers over the_hills and_through the_valleys of Virginia,
Maryland and Pennsylvania.

Being captured in a cavalry battle between_Kilpatrick and Stuart in
October, 1863, I_was imprisoned successively at_Richmond, Danville,
Macon,_Savannah,_Charleston and Columbia,_from_which last_prison I
escaped in November, 1864; was recaptured_and escaped_a second and third
time, traversing the_States of South Carolina_and_Georgia in my long
tramp from Columbia_to Savannah.

The marches, raids, battles, captures_and escapes of those days_seem_to
have_increased rather than diminished my_ardor for travel and adventure
and hence_it is possibly_not strange that on leaving the army_I_still
looked forward to more extended journeys_in_the East and exploratory
tours beyond the_Mississippi.

With_the_close of the war and_mustering out of service came new_duties
and responsibilities which I had hardly contemplated during my_school
days. The question_of ways and means again_confronted_me