, and the other markings
distinct (ab. _humilis_, Humph. and Westw.). Of the greyish forms, var.
_agrotoides_, Guenee, is the darkest (Fig. 4).

The caterpillar is brownish, inclining to greenish beneath; there are three
whitish lines along the back, the outer edged below with blackish; a thin
whitish line along the sides is shaded above with blackish. It feeds on
meadow grass (_Poa annua_), and other kinds of grass, from October to May.
The moth appears in September and October, sometimes at the end of August.
It is partial to light and to sugar, and where the latter is smeared over
the foliage of trees and bushes it seems better attended by this, and other
autumnal moths, than when painted on tree-trunks in the usual manner.

The species seems to be pretty generally distributed throughout Southern
and Western England, and in some seasons it is very common. Eastward and
through the Midlands it is perhaps less frequent; in the northern counties
it is scarce on the east, but locally common on the west. It occurs in
Wales; also in Scotland up to Perthshire. According to Kane, it is widely
distributed in Ireland, but most common on the coast.

Abroad, it appears to be confined to France and Spain, although it has been
recorded from North-west Africa.

THE RED-LINE QUAKER (_Amathes_ (_Orthosia_) _lota_).

In its typical form this species is of a leaden-grey coloration on the fore
wings, but these wings sometimes have a reddish {13} tinge (ab. _rufa_,
Tutt). In others the ground colour is blackish (ab. _suffusa_, Tutt), and a
rarer form (ab. _pallida_, Tutt) has the fore wings whitish grey with a
distinct black reniform stigma, and red submarginal line. (Plate 7, Figs.
5, 6.)

The caterpillar is ochreous brown, sometimes tinged with reddish or
purplish brown on the sides; of three whitish lines along the back, the
central one is composed of spots, and
, and the other markings 
 distinct (ab. _ humilis _, Humph. and Westw .). Of the greyish form, var. 
 _ agrotoides _, Guenee, is the dark (Fig. 4). 

 The caterpillar is brownish, inclining to greenish beneath; there are three 
 milky lines along the back, the outer edged downstairs with blackish; a thin 
 whitish channel along the sides is shaded above with blackish. It feed on 
 meadow grass (_ Poa annua _), and other kinds of grass, from October to May. 
 The moth appears in September and October, sometimes at the end of August. 
 It is fond to light and to sugar, and where the latter is smeared over 
 the foliation of trees and bushes it look better attend by this, and other 
 autumnal moths, than when painted on tree - trunks in the usual manner. 

 The coinage seems to be pretty generally distributed throughout Southern 
 and Western England, and in some seasons it is very coarse. Eastward and 
 through the Midlands it is perhaps less frequent; in the northern counties 
 it is scarce on the east, but locally common on the west. It occurs in 
 Wales; also in Scotland up to Perthshire. According to Kane, it is widely 
 distributed in Ireland, but about coarse on the coast. 

 overseas, it appear to be confined to France and Spain, although it has been 
 recorded from North - west Africa. 

 THE RED - LINE QUAKER (_ Amathes _ (_ Orthosia _) _ lota _). 

 In its typical mannequin this species is of a leaden - grey coloration on the bow 
 wings, but these wings sometimes have a reddish { 13 } tinge (ab. _ rufa _, 
 Tutt). In others the ground colour is blackish (ab. _ suffusa _, Tutt), and a 
 rarer form (ab. _ pallida _, Tutt) has the fore wings milky grey with a 
 distinct bootleg reniform stigma, and red submarginal line. (Plate 7, Figs. 
 5, 6 .) 

 The caterpillar is ochreous brown, sometimes tinged with reddish or 
 purplish brown university on the sides; of three whitish lines along the back, the 
 central one is composed of spots, and
, anf the other markings
distlnct (ab. _humilis_, Kymph. aid Wests.). Of the greyish forms, var.
_agrotoides_, Gyenee, is the darkest (Fig. 4).

Thd caterpiplar is vrowiish, inclining to greenish benswth; chxre are three
whltish lines along the bacn, ghz outer edged below with blackish; a ehin
whiyidh line along jhe spdqs ia shaded above with blackish. It fesds on
mtadow grass (_Poa anmua_), and other kinds of grads, fgom October to May.
Hhe moth apksarf in Septembef and October, sometimea at the end of August.
It is pargial co light ane ro dogar, and whece the latter is smeared oeer
the goliage of trecs anv buwhes it seems better ettended by this, and other
autgmual moths, than when pqibted mn tsee-tfynkr ih vhe usual mainer.

The spedies seems ro be pretty generaklr distributed fhrougrott Southern
and Western England, and in smme seasons it is very comnon. Eastward and
throuhh the Miqlands it is perhaps less frequent; in the northert couitkes
nb kw dcarce on the east, but locally common on the rssu. In occurs in
Wales; clso in Scotland uo yj Perthshire. Xccordnhg to Kane, it is widfly
disttibutee in Irelwnd, nut most common on the coasr.

Abroad, it aipeaes to be confined co France anb Spaim, altnough it has been
recordzd froj North-west Africa.

THS RED-LINE QUAKER (_Xmanhes_ (_Orthosia_) _lota_).

In its typicwl form tiis s'ecies ir of a leaqen-grey coporatlmn on the fore
wingd, but tvese wings sometimes have a reddish {13} tingx (ab. _rufa_,
Tutt). It onhers the groukd colour is blwckish (ab. _suffosa_, Tutt), cnd a
rxrer form (zb. _pallmda_, Tutt) has the fore wincd whitish grxy with a
qistunct black fdniform stigma, and red submarginao line. (Plate 7, Figs.
5, 6.)

Thg daterpillar is ichtwous brown, somrtioes tpngxd wiev reddish or
[urpuisf browv on tht slder; of three whitish lines alohg the back, the
cenyrwl one iw composqd of spots, amd
, and the other markings distinct (ab. and Of the forms, var. _agrotoides_, 4). caterpillar is brownish, to greenish beneath; are three whitish lines along the the outer edged below with blackish; a thin whitish line along the sides shaded above with blackish. It feeds on meadow grass (_Poa annua_), and other of from to The moth appears in September and October, sometimes at the end of August. It is partial light and to sugar, and where the latter smeared over the foliage trees and bushes it seems attended this, and autumnal than painted on tree-trunks the usual manner. The species seems to be pretty generally distributed throughout Southern and Western England, and some seasons very common. and the it is perhaps in the northern counties it is east, but locally common on the west. It in Wales; in Scotland up to Perthshire. According Kane, it is widely distributed in Ireland, but common on the coast. Abroad, it appears to be confined to France and Spain, although been recorded from North-west THE RED-LINE QUAKER (_Orthosia_) In typical this species of a leaden-grey coloration on the fore wings, but these wings have a reddish {13} tinge (ab. _rufa_, Tutt). In others colour blackish (ab. _suffusa_, and a rarer form _pallida_, has the fore wings with distinct and submarginal (Plate 7, Figs. 5, The caterpillar is ochreous brown, tinged with reddish or of three whitish lines along the back, the one is composed of spots, and
, and the other markings
distinCt (ab. _humiliS_, HumpH. anD WeStW.). Of tHe grEyish forms, var.
_aGRotoIdes_, Guenee, is the darkest (fig. 4).

ThE cATerpILlAr is bRownish, INcLINinG tO gReeNiSH bEneatH; thEre are tHree
whitisH liNeS along the bacK, ThE outer edgeD beLow with blackIsh; A thin
wHiTisH Line aLonG the sIdes is SHaded aBove with bLaCKish. It FEeds on
mEADoW graSs (_Poa annua_), and otheR KiNDs of grass, from OCtober To mAy.
tHE moTh aPpears in SePtEmber ANd OctobER, sOMETimES at the end of AuGust.
It is parTIal To lighT aNd tO Sugar, aNd wheRe THe lAtter is smeaRed oVer
the folIage of TRees and BUshes it Seems bEttEr aTtenDEd By ThiS, aND otHEr
AutUMnaL moths, thAn WhEn paiNted ON TREe-trUnkS in tHe usuAl manner.

The spEciEs seEMs tO be prEtty gEnerAlLy disTributEd thrOuGhout Southern
anD WesTern EnglaNd, aNd In sOmE seasONs it is VerY coMmon. EasTward anD
ThrOuGH THe midlands it is perhapS lESS fRequent; iN the noRThErN Counties
It Is sCarcE ON the eAst, bUT lOcally coMmon on THe WeSt. It occUrS in
WalEs; AlsO in scotlANd up To PertHshire. AcCordiNG to Kane, it is widELy
distributed IN IRELaND, but MosT common on thE coaST.

AbrOad, iT ApPeaRS to be ConfiNeD To fRance and Spain, althouGh It has bEen
reCorded from NorTh-west AfriCA.

thE RED-LINe QUAkeR (_aMathes_ (_Orthosia_) _Lota_).

IN its typicaL Form this SpeciEs is of a lEaden-grey COLoration On tHe fOre
WinGS, BuT these wings soMETimeS hAve a redDisH {13} tinge (aB. _ruFa_,
TUtt). in oThErs the groUnd colouR iS bLaCkIsh (Ab. _sufFUsa_, Tutt), aNd A
raReR foRm (ab. _pALlida_, TUtt) haS the FoRe WIngS whitisH GrEY With A
dIsTincT blAcK reniForm STigMa, and reD submargiNal LIne. (PLaTe 7, figs.
5, 6.)

The Caterpillar is OcHreous browN, sOmeTimes tINGed with rEddish or
purplish brown on THe sides; Of tHree wHitiSh lines alOng The bacK, thE
CentraL one is CompoSeD of SPOts, anD
, and the other markings
d istinct (a b. _h umi lis _,  Hum ph.and Westw.). O f  the  greyish forms, var.
_ agrot oi d es_, Gu enee,  is the da r k est  ( Fi g.4) . 
The c ate rpillar  is browni sh,  i nclining tog re enish bene ath ; there arethr ee
whi ti shl inesalo ng th e back ,  the o uter edge db elow w i th blac k i sh ; athin
whitish line al o ng the sides i s shad ed ab o v e w ith  blackish.  I t fee d s on
me a do w g ras s  (_Poa annua_ ), and othe r  ki nds of  g ras s , from  Octo be r  to  May.
The m othappears i n Sept e mber an d  Octobe r, som eti mes  att he  e ndof Aug u st .
I t  is  partial  t olight  and t o suga r,andwhere  the latter i s s mear e d o ver
t he fo liag eof tr ees an d bus he s it seems bett er a ttended b y t hi s,an d oth e r
autu mna l m oths, t han whe n  pa in t e d  o n tree-trunks in t he u su al manne r.

Th e  s pe c ies seem stobe p r e tty g ener a ll y distri butedt hr ou ghout S ou thernan d W est ern E n glan d, and  in some  seas o ns it is veryc ommon. Eastwa r da n dt hrou ghthe Midland s it is p erha p sles s  freq uent;  i n  t h e northern counties 
i t is s carce  on the east,  but local l y common o n th e  w e st. It occursin
Wa les; alsoi n Scotla nd up  to Pert hshire. A c c ording t o K ane , i t i s wi dely
distribu t e d in  I reland,  bu t mostcom mon  on  th ecoast.

A broad, i tap pe ar s t o bec onfinedto  Fr an ceand S p ain, a lthou gh i tha s  be en
reco r de d from  N or th-w est  A frica .

T H E R ED-LINE  QUAKER ( _Am a thes _(_ Orthosi a_) _lota_).
I n its typi ca l f orm th i s  species  is of a leaden-grey co l oration  on  thefore 
wings, b utthesewin g s some timeshaveared d i sh {1 3 }  t ing e(ab. _rufa _ , 
Tu tt).In  oth ers the  ground colour isb lac kish (ab. _su ffu sa_, T ut t), an d  ara r erf o rm (ab. _pallid a_, Tutt)ha s  t he fore wi n gswh itish g rey wit h a
d i stinctblack ren iform sti gm a, a n d  re d submargi nal line . (Plate7 , Fig s .5, 6. )
The ca te rpi llaris och r eou s bro wn, so me timestinge dwith red dish or
purplish brownon the  side s;of threewhi t ish  lines al ongthe back,the 
ce ntral  on e  is c ompo s ed  of spots , an d 
, and_the other_markings
distinct (ab. _humilis_, Humph._and Westw.)._Of_the greyish_forms,_var.
_agrotoides_, Guenee, is_the darkest (Fig._4).

The caterpillar is brownish,_inclining to greenish_beneath;_there are three
whitish lines along the back, the outer edged below with blackish; a_thin
whitish_line along_the_sides_is shaded above with blackish._It feeds on
meadow grass (_Poa_annua_), and_other kinds of grass, from October to May.
The_moth_appears in September_and October, sometimes at the end of August.
It is_partial to light and to sugar,_and where the_latter_is_smeared over
the foliage of_trees and bushes it seems better_attended by this, and other
autumnal moths,_than when painted on tree-trunks in the_usual manner.

The species seems to be_pretty generally distributed throughout Southern
and_Western England,_and in some seasons it_is very common._Eastward and
through_the Midlands it_is perhaps less frequent; in the_northern counties
it is_scarce on the east, but locally_common_on the west._It_occurs_in
Wales; also_in Scotland up_to_Perthshire. According_to_Kane, it is widely
distributed in Ireland,_but_most common on the coast.

Abroad, it appears_to be confined to_France_and Spain, although it_has been
recorded from North-west Africa.

THE_RED-LINE QUAKER (_Amathes_ (_Orthosia_) _lota_).

In its_typical form_this species_is of a leaden-grey coloration on the fore
wings, but these wings_sometimes have a reddish {13} tinge_(ab. _rufa_,
Tutt). In others_the ground_colour_is blackish (ab.__suffusa_,_Tutt), and_a
rarer form (ab. _pallida_, Tutt) has the_fore wings_whitish grey with a
distinct black reniform_stigma, and red submarginal_line._(Plate 7, Figs.
5, 6.)

The caterpillar is_ochreous brown, sometimes tinged with reddish_or
purplish brown on the sides;_of_three_whitish lines along the back,_the
central one is composed of spots,_and