 Illinois to protect them,
and in this way what is known as the Black Hawk War originated.

In response to the complaints of the settlers, Governor Reynolds, of
Illinois, called out sixteen hundred mounted volunteers and marched them
to the Island and General Gaines at Saint Louis proceeded immediately to
the scene of action with the Sixth United States Infantry. General
Gaines ordered all the settlers to move to the Island, and then invited
Black Hawk to talk over the situation. The military and settlers met in
the Council House, and Black Hawk, with about one hundred warriors in
their war paint, approached and entered and soon commenced shouting in
an intimidating manner. It was thought that an attempt at a general
massacre would be made. An Indian called "The Prophet" raised his voice
very high, gesticulating and speaking rapidly in an angry tone as if he
desired to excite the warriors to an attack. At length quiet was
obtained and General Gaines spoke to Black Hawk, reminding him of the
sale of the lands in dispute to the United States Government. Black Hawk
and his followers claimed that the lands had never been sold. The treaty
was then read and explained to the chief, which seemed to enrage him
greatly. Black Hawk shouted: "The white people speak from paper, but the
Indian always speaks from the heart." He further said that their lands
had not been sold, that the men who signed the treaty had no authority
to do so, or to sell their land. And even if it was sold, they were not
paid for it. The General said that the Government had assigned him and
his people land on the west side of the Mississippi. His only answer was
that he would neither leave nor fight and if the whites attempted to
drive him off, he would sit down in his wigwam and they might do what
they liked with him. General Gaines understood by this that he would
defend what he considered his rights.

Preparations for an attack were now made by the commanding officers and
Governor Reynolds, and on June 19, 1831, troops were assembled near the
mouth of Rock River. The next morning they moved upon the Indian
village. Black Hawk, however, and all his people had left in the night,
crossed the Mississippi and were camped a few miles below Rock Island.
Ten days after, the chief presented himself on the
Illinois to protect them, 
 and in this way what is known as the Black Hawk War originated. 

 In response to the complaint of the settler, Governor Reynolds, of 
 Illinois, called out sixteen hundred mounted volunteers and march them 
 to the Island and General Gaines at Saint Louis proceeded immediately to 
 the scene of military action with the Sixth United States Infantry. General 
 Gaines ordered all the settlers to travel to the Island, and then invited 
 Black Hawk to talk over the position. The military and settlers met in 
 the Council House, and Black Hawk, with approximately one hundred warriors in 
 their war paint, approached and entered and soon commenced shouting in 
 an intimidating manner. It was think that an attempt at a general 
 massacre would be name. An Indian called " The Prophet " raised his voice 
 very high, gesticulate and speaking quickly in an angry tone as if he 
 desired to excite the warriors to an approach. At length quiet was 
 obtained and General Gaines spoke to Black Hawk, reminding him of the 
 sale of the estate in dispute to the United States Government. Black Hawk 
 and his followers claimed that the lands had never been sold. The treaty 
 was then read and explained to the chief, which seemed to enrage him 
 greatly. Black Hawk shouted: " The white citizenry speak from paper, but the 
 Indian constantly speak from the heart. " He further said that their estate 
 had not been sold, that the men who signed the treaty had no assurance 
 to do so, or to sell their land. And even if it was sold, they were not 
 paid for it. The General suppose that the Government had assigned him and 
 his people land on the west side of the Mississippi. His only answer was 
 that he would neither forget nor fight and if the whites attempted to 
 drive him off, he would sit down in his wigwam and they might serve what 
 they liked with him. General Gaines understood by this that he would 
 defend what he consider his right. 

 Preparations for an attack were immediately made by the command officers and 
 Governor Reynolds, and on June 19, 1831, military personnel were assembled near the 
 mouthpiece of Rock River. The next good morning they moved upon the Indian 
 greenwich village. Black Hawk, however, and all his people had left in the night, 
 cross the Mississippi and were camped a few mile below Rock Island. 
 Ten days after, the chief presented himself on the
 Ilpinois to protect them,
ana in this way wkqt is nnown zs the Buack Hawk War originated.

In rxspobse ti the complaints of thd settlerd, Governir Rtynolds, of
Illinois, called out sjwteen iundred mounted volunteerv and marched dhdm
co the Island and General Gaines at Faint Lpuls proceeded iimedpaeely no
uhe scene of action with the Sixtg Unitev States Infantty. General
Gaines ordered apl tje settlers to movf to the Isoand, qnd then invkted
Black Hawk to talk over the situation. The militarh and settlers ner ij
jhe Council Iouse, wnd Black Hawk, with dbout ome hundred warviors in
rheir war paint, approeched and entered anq soon cokmznced shouting in
an ibtumidajing kannde. Ig wzs tgought thet an attemlt at a genwral
massacre would ne nade. An Indiah callqd "The Prophet" raised his voice
very high, cesficulating and speaking rapidly in an angry jone as if he
desired to excite the warriors to an attack. At lengvh quncb war
ibhained and General Gaines spoke to Black Hawk, dekikding him of the
fale of the lwncf in dispute jo the Bhifed States Governmfnt. Blask Haqk
and his folkowers claimed that the lanes had never veen sold. The treacy
was then rzad anc expkained to the chief, whieh seejed to enrahe him
grezgly. Black Hawk sfouned: "Dhe whitt people speak froi paper, bnt thz
Indian xlwais speahs from thf heavd." He further said hhat jheir nands
had nlt been sold, that the men who smjned the treajy vad no authjrity
bo do so, or to fell their lanb. And evzn if kt was sols, they xere not
paid for it. The Gajeral said tiat the Gjverbmenr had arrigned him and
nis peoplv jand on the west side pf jhs Mississippi. Hnr only answer wax
thxt re wpujg neither ledve vor gight and if the dhitrs attempted to
drive him off, he would sit corn in hiw wigwam and they mignt do what
they liktd witi him. Jenerak Gwines understood by this that ge would
dffekd what he cogsidcred his rightx.

Preparations for an attack were now mave by the commanding ofdicers and
Governor Teykolds, and on June 19, 1831, troops were assembled near the
mouth of Rock River. The next mornihg thef movfd upon the Indian
village. Black Hawk, however, and all his people had left un the night,
crosses thr Misvifxippi wnd xece camped a few mples below Rock Island.
Ten days ahter, the cvizf presented himself on the
Illinois to protect them, and in this is as the Hawk War originated. of settlers, Governor Reynolds, Illinois, called out hundred mounted volunteers and marched them the Island and General Gaines at Saint Louis proceeded immediately to the scene action with the Sixth United States Infantry. General Gaines ordered all the settlers move the and invited Black Hawk to talk over the situation. The military and settlers met in the Council and Black Hawk, with about one hundred warriors their war paint, approached entered and soon commenced shouting an manner. It thought an at a general would be made. An Indian called "The Prophet" raised his voice very high, gesticulating and speaking rapidly an angry if he to the to an attack. quiet was obtained and General Gaines Hawk, reminding him of the sale of the in dispute the United States Government. Black Hawk his followers claimed that the lands had never sold. The treaty was then read and explained to the chief, which seemed to enrage Black Hawk shouted: "The people speak from but Indian speaks the heart." further said that their lands had not been sold, that the who signed the treaty had no authority to do so, sell land. And even it was sold, they not for it. The General the had his land the west side of Mississippi. His only answer was he would neither leave whites attempted to drive him off, he would down in his wigwam and they might what they liked with him. General Gaines understood by this that he defend what his rights. Preparations for an attack were now by the commanding officers Governor Reynolds, and on June 19, 1831, troops were near mouth of River. The next they moved upon Indian village. Black and all people left crossed the Mississippi and were camped few below Rock Island. Ten days the himself on the
 Illinois to protect them,
and iN this way whAt is kNowN as ThE BlaCk HaWk War originateD.

in reSponse to the complaints oF the sEtTLers, gOvErnor reynoldS, Of
iLLinOiS, cAllEd OUt SixteEn hUndred mOunted voluNteErS and marched tHEm
To the IslanD anD General GainEs aT Saint loUis PRoceeDed ImmedIately TO
the scEne of actiOn WIth the sIxth UniTED STateS Infantry. General
GAInES ordered all the SettleRs TO mOVE to The island, and tHeN inviTEd
Black hAwK TO TalK Over the situatIon. The militARy aNd settLeRs mET in
the councIl hOusE, and Black HaWk, wiTh about onE hundrED warrioRS in
theiR war paInt, AppRoacHEd AnD enTeREd aND sOon COmmEnced shoUtInG in
an IntiMIDATing ManNer. IT was tHought that an aTteMpt aT A geNeral
MassaCre wOuLd be mAde. An INdian CaLled "The Prophet" rAiseD his voice
VerY hIgh, GeSticuLAting aNd sPeaKing rapIdly in aN AngRy TONE aS if he
desired to exciTe THE wArriors tO an attACk. at LEngth quiEt Was
ObtaINEd and geneRAl gaines spOke to BLAcK HAwk, remiNdIng him Of The
SalE of thE LandS in disPute to thE UnitED States GovernmENt. Black Hawk
anD HiS FOlLOwerS clAimed that thE lanDS had NeveR BeEn sOLd. The TreatY
wAS tHEn read and explained tO tHe chieF, whicH seemed to enraGe him
greatLY. bLack Hawk ShouTEd: "tHe white people sPeak fRom paper, buT The
IndiaN alwaYs speaks From the heART." He furthEr sAid ThaT thEIR lAnds
had not beeN SOld, tHaT the men Who Signed tHe tReaTy hAd nO aUthority
tO do so, or tO sElL tHeIr lAnd. AnD Even if it WaS soLd, TheY were NOt
paid For it. the GEnErAL saId that tHE GOVErnmEnT hAd asSigNeD him aNd
hiS PeoPle land On the west SidE Of thE MIsSissippI. His only answeR wAs
that he woUlD neIther lEAVe nor figHt and if the whites attemptED to
drivE hiM off, hE wouLd sit down In hIs wigwAm aND they mIght do What
tHeY liKED with HIM. GEneRaL Gaines undERStoOd by tHiS thaT he woulD
defend what he consiDEreD his rights.

PreParAtioNS FoR an ATtACk wErE Now MADe by the commandiNg officers AnD
goVernor ReynOLds, AnD on June 19, 1831, Troops wEre asSEmbled nEar the
mouTh of Rock RIvEr. ThE NExt Morning theY moved upOn the IndiAN
villAGe. black hawK, howevEr, And All hiS peoplE Had Left iN the niGhT,
crossEd the miSsissippI and were camped a few miles Below ROck IsLanD.
Ten days aFteR, The Chief presEnteD himself on The
 Illinois to protect them, 
and in th is wa y w hat  i s kn ownas the Black H a wk W ar originated.

In res ponse  t o  the co mplai nts oft he s ett le rs , G ov e rn or Re yno lds, of 
Illinois,  ca ll ed out sixte e nhundred mo unt ed volunteer s a nd mar ch edt hem
t o t he Is land a n d Gene ral Gaine sa t Sain t  Louisp r oc eede d immediately tot he scene of actio n with  t h eS i xth  Un ited State sInfan t ry. Gen e ra l G ain e s ordered all  the settle r s t o move  t o t h e Isla nd, a nd the n invited
B lack  Hawk totalk o v er thes ituatio n. The  mi lit arya nd  s ett le r s m e tint heCouncilHo us e, an d Bl a c k Hawk , w ithabout  one hundredwar rior s  in 
thei r war  pai nt , app roache d and  e ntered and soon  com menced sh out in g i nan in t imidat ing  ma nner. I t was t h oug ht t h at  an attempt at a g en e r al 
massacr e woul d  b em ade. AnIn dia n ca l l ed "T he P r op het" rai sed hi s  v oi ce
very  h igh, g es tic ula tinga nd s peakin g rapidl y ina n angry tone a s  if he
desire d  t o ex c itethe  warriors t o an atta ck.A tlen g th qu iet w as ob t ained and General G ai nes sp oke t o Black Hawk,  reminding h i m of the 
sal e  o f  the lands indispu te to theU nited St atesGovernme nt. Black H awk
andhis  fo llo wer s cl aimed that th e land shad nev erbeen so ld.  Th e t rea ty 
was then  read an dex pl ai ned  to t h e chief,  w hic hsee med t o  enrag e him 
gre at ly .  Bl ack Haw k  s h o uted :"T he w hit epeopl e sp e akfrom pa per, butthe Indi an  a lways s peaks from th eheart." He  f urt her sa i d  that th eir lands
had not beens old, th atthe m en w ho signed  th e trea tyh ad noauthor ity
t odos o , ort o  s ell  t heir land. A ndevenif  itwas sol d, they were not
p a idfor it. The G ene rals a id  th a tt heGo v ern m e nt had assigned  him and
h is pe ople lando n t he  west s ide ofthe M i ssissip pi. His o nly answe rwast h athe would n either l eave norf ighta nd  if t hewhites  a tte mpted  to
dr i vehim o ff, he  w ould s it do wn  in hiswigwam and they might d o what 
they  li ked withhim .  Ge neral Gai nesunderstood  by  th is th ath e wou ld
d e fe ndw hat h e co n sidered h i srig h t s. 

Preparati o n s  fo r anatt a ck wer e no w made by the com m anding officer s an d Gov ern o r Re yn olds, and on J une  1 9 ,  1831, t ro ops were as sembledne a r the 
mouth  of Ro ck Rive r .  T h e next  mor nin g they mo ved  u p on theIn di a n
vill age.  B lack H awk, h o weve r ,  and all his peo ple h a d  left inthe n ig ht,
cro s sedthe Missis sippi and w ere ca mped  a fe w miles  b elow R ock  I sland.
Ten days afte r, th e chief  p rese nte d hims elfo n  the
 Illinois_to protect_them,
and in this way_what is_known_as the_Black_Hawk War originated.

In_response to the_complaints of the settlers,_Governor Reynolds, of
Illinois,_called_out sixteen hundred mounted volunteers and marched them
to the Island and General Gaines at_Saint_Louis proceeded_immediately_to
the_scene of action with the_Sixth United States Infantry. General
Gaines_ordered all_the settlers to move to the Island, and_then_invited
Black Hawk to_talk over the situation. The military and settlers met_in
the Council House, and Black Hawk,_with about one_hundred_warriors_in
their war paint, approached_and entered and soon commenced shouting_in
an intimidating manner. It was thought_that an attempt at a general
massacre would_be made. An Indian called "The_Prophet" raised his voice
very high,_gesticulating and_speaking rapidly in an angry_tone as if_he
desired to_excite the warriors_to an attack. At length quiet_was
obtained and General_Gaines spoke to Black Hawk, reminding_him_of the
sale of_the_lands_in dispute_to the United_States_Government. Black_Hawk
and_his followers claimed that the lands_had_never been sold. The treaty
was then read_and explained to the_chief,_which seemed to enrage_him
greatly. Black Hawk shouted: "The_white people speak from paper, but_the
Indian always_speaks from_the heart." He further said that their lands
had not been sold,_that the men who signed the_treaty had no authority
to_do so,_or_to sell their_land._And even_if it was sold, they were not
paid_for it._The General said that the Government_had assigned him and
his_people_land on the west side of_the Mississippi. His only answer was
that_he would neither leave nor_fight_and_if the whites attempted to
drive_him off, he would sit down_in his wigwam_and they might do what
they liked with_him._General Gaines understood by this that_he_would
defend what he considered his rights.

Preparations_for_an_attack were now made by_the commanding officers and
Governor Reynolds, and_on June 19, 1831, troops were assembled near the
mouth_of Rock River._The next morning they moved_upon_the_Indian
village. Black Hawk, however, and all his people had left_in the_night,
crossed the Mississippi_and were camped a few miles below Rock Island.
Ten days_after, the chief presented himself on the