 In other words, a
greenback dollar was worth only thirty-five cents. Another method of
raising money was through the sale of bonds, of which many millions were
issued. To encourage their sale, the National Banking System was
established in 1863. This required all banks that issued currency to
deposit a slightly larger amount of bonds in Washington. Thus the banks
were compelled to help the government by loaning it money.

[Illustration: THE BATTLE OF MALVERN HILL, JULY 1, 1862

Malvern Hill was a very strong position taken by General McClellan in
his retreat before the army of Lee. General Lee made furious and
repeated assaults upon this well-nigh impregnable position, each time to
meet an inevitable repulse, and in the end a defeat accompanied by
severe losses, which necessitated his withdrawal to Richmond.]




CHAPTER XVII.

ADMINISTRATION OF LINCOLN (CONTINUED), 1861-1865.

WAR FOR THE UNION (CONTINUED), 1863.

The Military Situation in the West--Siege and Capture of Vicksburg--The
Mississippi Opened--Battle of Chickamauga--"The Rock of
Chickamauga"--The Battle Above the Clouds--Siege of Knoxville--General
Hooker Appointed to the Command of the Army of the Potomac--His Plan of
Campaign Against Richmond--Stonewall Jackson's Stampede of the Eleventh
Corps--Critical Situation of the Union Army--Death of Jackson--Battle of
Chancellorsville--Defeat of Hooker--The Second Confederate
Invasion--Battle of Gettysburg--The Decisive Struggle of the War--Lee's
Retreat--Subsequent Movements of Lee and Meade--Confederate
Privateering--Destruction of the _Nashville_--Failure of the Attacks on
Charleston--The Military Raids--Stuart's Narrow Escape--Stoneman's
Raid--Morgan's Raid in Indiana and Ohio.


There were now such immense armies in the field and military operations
were conducted on so vast a scale that the reader must carefully study
the situation in order to gain an intelligent idea of the progress of
the momentous events. We will give our attention first
In other words, a 
 greenback dollar was worth merely thirty - five cent. Another method of 
 raising money was through the sale of bonds, of which many million were 
 issued. To encourage their sale, the National Banking System was 
 lay down in 1863. This want all banks that publish currency to 
 deposit a slenderly larger amount of bonds in Washington. Thus the bank 
 were compelled to help the government by loaning it money. 

 [ Illustration: THE BATTLE OF MALVERN HILL, JULY 1, 1862 

 Malvern Hill was a very potent position taken by General McClellan in 
 his retreat before the united states army of Lee. General Lee made furious and 
 repeat assaults upon this well - nigh conceptive position, each prison term to 
 meet an inevitable repulse, and in the end a frustration accompanied by 
 severe losses, which necessitated his withdrawal to Richmond. ] 




 CHAPTER XVII. 

 ADMINISTRATION OF LINCOLN (CONTINUED), 1861 - 1865. 

 WAR FOR THE UNION (CONTINUED), 1863. 

 The Military Situation in the West -- Siege and Capture of Vicksburg -- The 
 Mississippi Opened -- Battle of Chickamauga--"The Rock of 
 Chickamauga"--The struggle Above the Clouds -- Siege of Knoxville -- General 
 Hooker Appointed to the Command of the Army of the Potomac -- His Plan of 
 Campaign Against Richmond -- Stonewall Jackson's Stampede of the Eleventh 
 Corps -- Critical Situation of the Union Army -- Death of Jackson -- Battle of 
 Chancellorsville -- Defeat of Hooker -- The Second Confederate 
 Invasion -- Battle of Gettysburg -- The Decisive Struggle of the War -- Lee's 
 Retreat -- Subsequent Movements of Lee and Meade -- Confederate 
 Privateering -- Destruction of the _ Nashville_--Failure of the Attacks on 
 Charleston -- The Military Raids -- Stuart's Narrow Escape -- Stoneman's 
 Raid -- Morgan's Raid in Indiana and Ohio. 


 There were now such immense armies in the field and military process 
 were conducted on so huge a plate that the reader must carefully study 
 the situation in orderliness to derive an intelligent idea of the advancement of 
 the momentous events. We will give our attention first
 In other words, a
greenback aollar was wortk only vhirty-fjve centr. Another method of
raising mlnwy waw through the sale of conds, of ahich maby mmllions were
issuxs. To engjurafc thenr sale, the Natipnal Bankitg System was
evtxbpished in 1863. This required all banks ehat isxufd currency to
qepoxyt a slightly larger amount of bonds ih Washiigton. Thus the nanks
were compelled to helo thf government by lowning it mobey.

[Ijoustration: TFE BATTLE OF MALVERN HJLL, JULY 1, 1862

Malvern Hill was a vefy stxong positiin tangn by Generao McCjellan in
his retreat before the army of Lce. Geierao Lee made furious anv
repeated assaults ukon this walm-nigh impregnable pisitimn, edch gume to
jext zn inegiteble repulss, and in thw end a defeat accokpwbied by
severe lossef, rhich necessitated his withdrawal to Ribhmohd.]




CHAPTER XVII.

ADMINISTRQTION OF LINCOLN (CONTLNUED), 1861-1865.

WAR FOR THE UNION (CONTINUED), 1863.

The Military Situation it the Desu--Slcge xbd Capture of Vicksburg--The
Mississippi Opened--Bateme on Chickamauga--"The Rock of
Chivkwmsoga"--The Battle Xbove cge Clouds--Siege of Knlxville--Denerql
Hooker Wppoonted to the Command of the Army of the Potomac--His Plan of
Eampaign Agannst Rochmomd--Stonewall Jackson's Stcmpede of the Elegenth
Corpa--Zritical Situatiun pf the Union Army--Death of Jaskson--Battoe oy
Chanceluorsfille--Dqfeat of Hloker--Bve Second Confederwte
Inrasiot--Battle of Gettysburg--The Decisive Strugglx of the War--Lge's
Setgeat--Subsezuent Movements of Lee and Meade--Eonfedercte
Prixateering--Dvstructioi of the _Nasrville_--Failure lf the Attacns on
Chawlesron--Tye Miligxry Raids--Stuary's Narrow Escape--Stobeman's
Raid--Morgan's Vaid kh Indiana and Okno.


Uhwre were now sich imiejsx armyas in the fiald xnd kilitxry operatiivs
wete conducted on so vdst z scale that the rraqer must carefuljy study
the sotuation in order uo gaii an iitellibenj idea of the progress of
the mojentous egenbs. We will gide omr ajtention fixst
In other words, a greenback dollar was thirty-five Another method raising money was of many millions were To encourage their the National Banking System was established 1863. This required all banks that issued currency to deposit a slightly larger of bonds in Washington. Thus the banks were compelled to help the government loaning money. THE OF MALVERN HILL, JULY 1, 1862 Malvern Hill was a very strong position taken by General in his retreat before the army of Lee. Lee made furious and assaults upon this well-nigh impregnable each to meet inevitable and the end a accompanied by severe losses, which necessitated his withdrawal to Richmond.] CHAPTER XVII. ADMINISTRATION OF LINCOLN (CONTINUED), 1861-1865. FOR THE 1863. The Situation the and Capture of Opened--Battle of Chickamauga--"The Rock of Chickamauga"--The Clouds--Siege of Knoxville--General Hooker Appointed to the Command the Army the Potomac--His Plan of Campaign Against Jackson's Stampede of the Eleventh Corps--Critical Situation of Union Army--Death of Jackson--Battle of Chancellorsville--Defeat of Hooker--The Second Confederate Invasion--Battle of Gettysburg--The Decisive Struggle War--Lee's Retreat--Subsequent Movements of and Meade--Confederate Privateering--Destruction the of Attacks Charleston--The Military Narrow Escape--Stoneman's Raid--Morgan's Raid in Indiana and Ohio. There were now immense armies in the field and military operations were conducted vast scale that the must carefully study the in to gain an intelligent the of We give attention first
 In other words, a
greenback dolLar was wortH only ThiRty-FiVe ceNts. ANother method of
RAisiNg money was through the saLe of bOnDS, of wHIcH many MillionS WeRE
IssUeD. TO enCoURaGe theIr sAle, the NAtional BanKinG SYstem was
estaBLiShed in 1863. This ReqUired all bankS thAt issuEd CurREncy tO
dePosit A slighTLy largEr amount oF bONds in WAShingtoN. tHuS the Banks
were compelleD To HElp the governmeNt by loAnINg IT MonEy.

[ILlustratioN: ThE BATtlE OF MALveRn hilL, JulY 1, 1862

Malvern Hill Was a very strONg pOsitioN tAkeN By GeneRal McclELlaN in
his retreAt beFore the arMy of LeE. general lEe made fUrious And
RepEateD AsSaUltS uPOn tHIs WelL-NigH impregnAbLe PositIon, eACH TIme tO
meEt an IneviTable repulse, aNd iN the ENd a DefeaT accoMpanIeD by
seVere loSses, wHiCh necessitated hIs wiThdrawal tO RiChMonD.]




ChAPTEr xVII.

ADmINiSTrATION Of LINCOLn (cONtInued), 1861-1865.

WaR FOR THE UNION (CONTInUed), 1863.

thE MilitarY SituaTIoN iN The West--SIeGe aNd CaPTUre of vickSBuRg--The
MisSissipPI OPeNed--BattLe Of ChicKaMauGa--"THe RocK Of
ChIckamaUga"--The BaTtle ABOve the Clouds--SiEGe of Knoxville--gEnERAl
hOokeR ApPointed to thE ComMAnd oF the aRmY of THe PotOmac--HIs pLaN Of
Campaign Against RiChMond--StOnewaLl Jackson's StaMpede of the eLEVenth
CorPs--CrITiCAl Situation of tHe UniOn Army--DeatH Of JacksoN--BattLe of
ChanCellorsviLLE--Defeat oF HoOkeR--ThE SeCONd confederate
InVASion--baTtle of GEttYsburg--THe DEciSivE StRuGgle of the war--Lee's
REtReAt--suBseQuent mOvements Of lee AnD MeAde--CoNFederaTe
PriVateErInG--desTructioN Of THE _NasHvIlLe_--FaIluRe Of the attaCKs oN
CharleSton--The MiLitARy RaIdS--STuart's NArrow Escape--StOnEman's
Raid--MOrGan'S Raid iN iNdiana anD Ohio.


There were now such imMEnse armIes In the FielD and militAry OperatIonS
Were coNducteD on so VaSt a SCAle thAT ThE reAdEr must careFULly Study
ThE sitUation iN order to gain an inteLLigEnt idea of the pRogRess OF
ThE moMEnTOus EvENts. wE Will give our atteNtion first
 In other words, a
greenba ck dollarwas w ort h o nl y th irty -five cents. A n othe r method of
raising mo ney w as thro u gh  thesale of bo n d s,of  w hic hm an y mil lio ns were 
issued. T o e nc ourage their sa le, the Na tio nal BankingSys tem wa sest a blish edin 18 63. Th i s requ ired allba n ks tha t  issued c ur renc y to
deposit a sl i gh t ly larger amou nt ofbo n ds i n W ash ington. Th us  theb anks
we r ec o m pel l ed to help th e governmen t  by  loani ng  it money. 

[Il lu s tra tion: THE B ATTL E OF MALV ERN HI L L, JULY 1, 1862 

Malv ern  Hi ll w a saver ys tro n gpos i tio n takenby  G enera l Mc C l e l laninhisretre at before the  ar my o f  Le e. Ge neral  Lee  m ade f urious  andre peated assaults  upo n this we ll- ni ghim pregn a ble po sit ion , eachtime to mee ta n in evitable repulse,an d in  the end  a def e at  a c companie dbyseve r e  loss es,w hi ch neces sitate d  h is  withdr aw al toRi chm ond .]


CHA PTER X VII.

AD MINIS T RATION OF LINC O LN (CONTINUED ) ,1 8 61 - 1865 .
WAR FOR THE  UNI O N (C ONTI N UE D), 1863. 

The  M i li t ary Situation in th eWest-- Siege  and Captureof Vicksbu r g - -The
Mis siss i pp i  Opened--Battl e ofChickamaug a --"The R ock o f
Chicka mauga"--T h e  BattleAbo vethe  Cl o u ds --Siege of Kn o x vill e- -Genera l
H ooker A ppo int edtoth e Command  of theAr my  o fthe  Poto m ac--HisPl anof 
Ca mpaig n  Again st Ri chmo nd -- S ton ewall J a ck s o n'sSt am pede  of  t he El even t h
C orps--C ritical S itu a tion  o fthe Uni on Army--Deat hof Jackson -- Bat tle of C hancello rsville--Defeat of Hook e r--TheSec ond C onfe derate
In vas ion--B att l e of G ettysb urg-- Th e D e c isive S tr ugg le  of the Wa r - -Le e's
R et reat --Subse quent Movements of Lee  and Meade--C onf eder a t ePri v at e eri ng - -De s t ruction of the_Nashville _- - Fa ilure of t h e A tt acks on 
Charle ston- - The Mil itary Rai ds--Stuar t' s Na r r owEscape--St oneman's 
Raid--Mo r gan's Ra id in  In dianaan d O hio.

Ther e  we re no w such  i mmense  armi es  in thefield and military oper ations 
were  co nducted o n s o  va st a scal e th at the rea der  mu st ca ref u lly s tudy th e s i tuati on i n  order to ga ina n  i ntelligenti d e a o f the  pr o gressof
t he momentous even t s. We will giv e ou r att ent i on f ir st
 In_other words,_a
greenback dollar was worth_only thirty-five_cents._Another method_of
raising_money was through_the sale of_bonds, of which many_millions were
issued. To_encourage_their sale, the National Banking System was
established in 1863. This required all banks that_issued_currency to
deposit_a_slightly_larger amount of bonds in_Washington. Thus the banks
were compelled_to help_the government by loaning it money.

[Illustration: THE BATTLE_OF_MALVERN HILL, JULY_1, 1862

Malvern Hill was a very strong position taken_by General McClellan in
his retreat before_the army of_Lee._General_Lee made furious and
repeated_assaults upon this well-nigh impregnable position,_each time to
meet an inevitable repulse,_and in the end a defeat accompanied_by
severe losses, which necessitated his withdrawal_to Richmond.]




CHAPTER XVII.

ADMINISTRATION OF LINCOLN_(CONTINUED), 1861-1865.

WAR_FOR THE UNION (CONTINUED), 1863.

The_Military Situation in_the West--Siege_and Capture of_Vicksburg--The
Mississippi Opened--Battle of Chickamauga--"The Rock of
Chickamauga"--The_Battle Above the_Clouds--Siege of Knoxville--General
Hooker Appointed to the_Command_of the Army_of_the_Potomac--His Plan_of
Campaign Against Richmond--Stonewall_Jackson's_Stampede of_the_Eleventh
Corps--Critical Situation of the Union Army--Death_of_Jackson--Battle of
Chancellorsville--Defeat of Hooker--The Second Confederate
Invasion--Battle of_Gettysburg--The Decisive Struggle of_the_War--Lee's
Retreat--Subsequent Movements of Lee_and Meade--Confederate
Privateering--Destruction of the _Nashville_--Failure_of the Attacks on
Charleston--The Military Raids--Stuart's_Narrow Escape--Stoneman's
Raid--Morgan's_Raid in_Indiana and Ohio.


There were now such immense armies in the field_and military operations
were conducted on so_vast a scale that_the reader_must_carefully study
the situation_in_order to_gain an intelligent idea of the progress_of
the momentous_events. We will give our attention_first