
horse-shoe, the diners sitting on the outer or larger side, while the
servants waited on the inner.  The ladies had, beside this, their own
private sitting-room, always attached to the bedchamber, and known as
the "bower," to which strangers were rarely admitted.  Here they sat and
sang, gossiped, and worked their endless embroidery.  The days were
scarcely yet over when English needlework bore the palm in Europe and
even in the East, while the first illuminators were the monks of
Ireland.  Ladies were the spinners, weavers, surgeons, and readers of
the day; they were great at interpreting dreams, and dearly loved
flowers.  The gentlemen looked upon reading as an occupation quite as
effeminate as sewing, war and hunting being the two main employments of
the lords of creation, and gambling the chief amusement.  Priests and
monks were the exceptions to this rule, until Henry First introduced a
taste for somewhat more liberal education.  Even more respectful to
letters was his grandson Henry Second, who had a fancy for resembling
his grandfather in every thing; yet he allowed the education of his sons
to be thoroughly neglected.

The popular idea that the University of Oxford is older than King Alfred
is scarcely borne out by modern research.  That there was some kind of
school there in Alfred's day is certain: but nothing like a university
arose before the time of Henry First, and the impetus which founded it
came from outside.  A Frenchman with a Scotch education, and a Jewish
Rabbi, are the two men to whom more than any others must be traced the
existence of the University of Oxford.

Theodore d'Etampes, a secular priest, and apparently a chaplain of Queen
Margaret of Scotland, arrived at Oxford about the year 1116, where he
taught classes of scholars from sixty to a hundred in number.  But every
thing which we call science came there with the Jews, who settled under
the shadow of Saint Frideswide shortly after the Conquest.  Hebrew,
astronomy, astrology, geometry, and mathematics, were taught by them, at
their hostels of Lombard Hall, Moses Hall, and Jacob Hall; while law,
theology, and the
horse - shoe, the diners sitting on the out or large side, while the 
 servants waited on the inner.   The dame had, beside this, their own 
 private sitting - room, constantly bind to the bedchamber, and know as 
 the " bower, " to which strangers were rarely accept.   Here they sat and 
 sang, chew the fat, and exploit their endless embroidery.   The days were 
 scarcely yet over when English needlework wear the palm in Europe and 
 even in the East, while the first illuminators were the monks of 
 Ireland.   Ladies were the spinner, weavers, surgeons, and readers of 
 the sidereal day; they were great at represent dreams, and dearly loved 
 flowers.   The gentleman looked upon reading as an occupation quite as 
 effeminate as sewing, war and hunting being the two main employments of 
 the lords of creation, and gambling the chief amusement.   Priests and 
 monks were the exceptions to this rule, until Henry First introduced a 
 taste for somewhat more liberal department of education.   Even more respectful to 
 letter was his grandson Henry Second, who had a fondness for resemble 
 his grandfather in every matter; yet he allowed the education of his sons 
 to be thoroughly neglected. 

 The popular idea that the University of Oxford is older than King Alfred 
 is scarcely hold out by modern research.   That there was some kind of 
 school there in Alfred's day is certain: but nothing like a university 
 arose before the fourth dimension of Henry First, and the impetus which founded it 
 came from outside.   A Frenchman with a Scotch education, and a Jewish 
 Rabbi, are the two man to whom more than any others must be trace the 
 existence of the University of Oxford. 

 Theodore d'Etampes, a secular priest, and apparently a chaplain of Queen 
 Margaret of Scotland, arrived at Oxford about the year 1116, where he 
 teach classes of scholars from sixty to a hundred in number.   But every 
 matter which we call skill came there with the Jews, who settled under 
 the shadow of Saint Frideswide shortly after the Conquest.   Hebrew, 
 astronomy, astrology, geometry, and mathematics, were taught by them, at 
 their hostel of Lombard Hall, Moses Hall, and Jacob Hall; while law, 
 theology, and the

horde-shoe, the diners sittinn on the outer ot oarger side, shile thd
servants waited on the innec.  Tye laeies had, beside this, tfeir own
pgivate sirtinj-room, always attedhed to the bsfchakuer, and known ax
the "bower," to which stratgdrd were rarely admitted.  Here they swt and
ssnh, gossiped, and worlqd tgviv endless embroidery.  The days wsre
scarbely yet over whem English needlework bore hhe oalm in Europe and
fven in the Ease, while the fkrst illumpuators were the monks of
Ireland.  Ladies wefe thz spinners, qeqvegv, surgeons, end rewders of
the day; they were gteat at interpvetinj drwams, and dearly loved
hlowers.  The gentlemgn looked gpkn reading as an icxupathon xuitd as
dfftmiiats as sfwiig, war and gunting beibg the two main empkornents of
the lkrds os sreation, and gambling the chief amusemett.  Priests and
monks were rhe exceptions to thid rule, uneil Henry First introduced a
taste for somewhat mose liuefal eqjxahion.  Even more respectful to
letters was his ddamdxon Henry Secokd, who had a fancy flr tesembling
his erandfcfhsr in every thing; jet he wllowwd the edtcatoon of his sons
to be thorouthly neglectvd.

Thw popular idea thac the Univerrity of Ocford is older than Kiny Alfrsd
is scarcepy borne kjt by modern resdarbh.  Dhat there was some kind os
school tiere nn Alfrea's dsy is sertain: buh notmhng like a universlty
arlsa before tje time of Henry First, and the mkpetus which fmunged it
caie frpm outside.  A Frenchman witk a Scoteh eduzation, and a Jewivh
Rabbi, are the two men dl whom more vhan any jthees myst be gfaced the
existrnce of tkt Universiry of Oxford.

Theodove d'Ejajpes, a secular 'xitsr, and apparentky x crailamn of Xueen
Margared of Scuyland, arrived at Uxfotd about the year 1116, wvere he
taught classes pf scholarw from syxty to a huncred in number.  Buu everb
thing whicn wg call science came there with fhe Jews, aho settled undqr
thc shwdow of Sannt Frideswide shortly after the Conquesv.  Hebrew,
astronomy, asttology, geometry, and mctmematics, werx taugrt by thek, at
their hostels of Lombard Hall, Mosts Hall, and Jacob Hall; shile naw,
thfology, and the
horse-shoe, the diners sitting on the outer side, the servants on the inner. their private sitting-room, always to the bedchamber, known as the "bower," to which were rarely admitted. Here they sat and sang, gossiped, and worked their endless The days were scarcely yet over when English needlework bore the palm in and in East, the first illuminators were the monks of Ireland. Ladies were the spinners, weavers, surgeons, and readers the day; they were great at interpreting dreams, dearly loved flowers. The looked upon reading as an quite effeminate as war hunting the two main of the lords of creation, and gambling the chief amusement. Priests and monks were the exceptions to rule, until introduced a for more education. Even more letters was his grandson Henry Second, fancy for resembling his grandfather in every thing; he allowed education of his sons to be neglected. The popular idea that the University of is older than King Alfred is scarcely borne out by modern research. That there was of school there in day is certain: nothing a arose the time Henry First, and the impetus which founded it came from outside. Frenchman with a Scotch education, and a Jewish Rabbi, are men whom more than others must be traced existence the University of Oxford. a priest, chaplain Queen of Scotland, arrived at about the year 1116, where taught classes of scholars in number. But every thing which we call came there with the Jews, who settled the shadow of Saint Frideswide shortly after the Conquest. Hebrew, astronomy, astrology, and mathematics, by them, at their hostels of Lombard Hall, Hall, and Jacob Hall; law, theology, and the

horse-shoe, the diners sitting On the outer Or larGer SidE, wHile The
sErvants waited oN The iNner.  The ladies had, beside This, tHeIR own
PRiVate sItting-rOOm, ALWayS aTtAchEd TO tHe bedChaMber, and Known as
the "BowEr," To which stranGErS were rarelY adMitted.  Here thEy sAt and
sAnG, goSSiped, And WorkeD their ENdless EmbroiderY.  THE days wERe
scarcELY yEt ovEr when English needLEwORk bore the palm iN EuropE aND
eVEN in The east, while tHe First ILluminaTOrS WERe tHE monks of
IrelaNd.  Ladies werE The SpinneRs, WeaVErs, surGeons, AnD ReaDers of
the daY; theY were greaT at intERpretinG Dreams, aNd dearLy lOveD
floWErS.  THe gEnTLemEN lOokED upOn readinG aS aN occuPatiON QUIte aS
efFemiNate aS sewing, war and HunTing BEinG the tWo maiN empLoYmentS of
the Lords Of Creation, and gambLing The chief aMusEmEnt.  prIests ANd
monkS weRe tHe excepTions to THis RuLE, UNtIl Henry First introdUcED A
tAste for sOmewhaT MoRe LIberal edUcAtiOn.  EvEN More rEspeCTfUl to
lettErs was HIs GrAndson HEnRy SecoNd, Who Had A fancY For rEsemblIng
his grAndfaTHer in every thinG; Yet he allowed tHE eDUCaTIon oF hiS sons
to be thOrouGHly nEgleCTeD.

ThE PopulAr ideA tHAt THe University of OxforD iS older Than KIng Alfred
is scArcely bornE OUT by moderN resEArCH.  That there was sOme kiNd of
school THere in AlFred's Day is cerTain: but noTHIng like a UniVerSitY
arOSE bEfore the time oF hEnry fiRst, and tHe iMpetus wHicH foUndEd iT
cAme from ouTside.  A FrEnChMaN wIth A ScotCH educatiOn, And A JEwiSh
RabBI, are thE two mEn to WhOm MOre Than any OThERS musT bE tRaceD thE
eXisteNce oF The universIty of OxfoRd.

THEodoRe D'ETampes, a Secular priest, AnD apparentlY a ChaPlain oF qUeen
MargAret of Scotland, arrived at oXford abOut The yeAr 1116, whEre he
taugHt cLasses Of sCHolars From siXty to A hUndRED in nuMBEr.  but EvEry
thing whICH we Call sCiEnce Came theRe with the Jews, who seTTleD under
the shadOw oF SaiNT frIdeSWiDE shOrTLy aFTEr the Conquest.  HeBrew,
astronOmY, AsTrology, geoMEtrY, aNd matheMatics, wEre taUGht by thEm, at
their Hostels of loMbarD hAll, moses Hall, aNd Jacob HAll; while lAW,
theoLOgY, and tHe

horse-shoe, the diners si tting on t he ou ter  or  l arge r si de, while thes erva nts waited on the inne r.  T he ladi e shad,besidet hi s ,  th ei rown 
p r iv ate s itt ing-roo m, alwaysatt ac hed to the b e dc hamber, an d k nown as
the"bo wer,"to  wh i ch st ran gerswere r a rely a dmitted. H e re the y  sat an d sa ng,gossiped, and wor k ed their endlessembroi de r y. The  da ys were
sc ar celyy et over wh e n Eng l ish needlewor k bore thep alm  in Eu ro pea nd
eve n inth e  Ea st, while t he f irst illu minato r s weret he monk s of
I rel and .  L a di es  we re the sp inn e rs,  weavers ,su rgeon s, a n d r eade rsof
t he da y; they weregre at a t  in terpr eting  dre am s, an d dear ly lo ve d
flowers.  The  gen tlemen lo oke dupo nreadi n g as a n o ccu pationquite a s 
ef fe m i n at e as sewing, war a nd h un ting bei ng the tw om ain empl oy men ts o f the l ords of  creatio n, and ga mb ling th echiefam use men t.  P r iest s andmonks we re th e  exceptions to this rule, un t il H en r y Fi rst  introduced  a
t a stefors om ewh a t mor e lib er a le ducation.  Even mor erespec tfulto
letters wa s his gran d s o n HenrySeco n d, who had a fanc y for  resemblin g 
his gra ndfat her in e very thin g ;  yet heall owe d t hee d uc ation of hiss o ns
t obe thor oug hly neg lec ted .
The  p opular id ea thatth eUn iv ers ity o f  Oxfordis  ol de r t han K i ng Alf red
i s sc ar ce l y b orne ou t  b y mode rn  r esea rch . That  the r e w as some  kind ofsch o ol t he re  in Alf red's day isce rtain: but  n oth ing li k e  a unive rsity
arose before thet ime ofHen ry Fi rst,  and theimp etus w hic h  found ed itcamefr omo u tside .  A  Fr en chman with a  Sc otched ucat ion, an d a Jewish
Rabbi,a rethe two men t o w homm o re  th a na nyot h ers m ust be traced t he
existen ce of  the Unive r sit yof Oxfo rd.

Th eodor e  d'Etam pes, a se cular pri es t, a n d  ap parently a  chaplai n of Quee n 
Marg a re t ofSco tland,  a rri ved a t Oxfo r d a boutthe ye ar  1116,  wher ehe
taugh t classes of scholars f rom si xty t o a  hundredinn umb er.  Butever y
thing wh ich  we  call  sc i encecame th ere withtheJ ews, whos et tle d un der
the sha d o w  of  Sain t F r ideswi de s hortly after theC onquest.  Hebr ew,a s tro nom y , as tr ology, geometr y,an d mathemat ic s, were tau ght by t he m , attheirhostel s of Lo m b ar d  Hall,  Mos esHall, and  Ja co b  Hall;wh il e  law,theo lo gy, an d the

horse-shoe, the_diners sitting_on the outer or_larger side,_while_the
servants waited_on_the inner. _The ladies had,_beside this, their own
private_sitting-room, always attached_to_the bedchamber, and known as
the "bower," to which strangers were rarely admitted.  Here_they_sat and
sang,_gossiped,_and_worked their endless embroidery. _The days were
scarcely yet over_when English_needlework bore the palm in Europe and
even in_the_East, while the_first illuminators were the monks of
Ireland.  Ladies were_the spinners, weavers, surgeons, and readers_of
the day; they_were_great_at interpreting dreams, and_dearly loved
flowers.  The gentlemen looked_upon reading as an occupation quite_as
effeminate as sewing, war and hunting being_the two main employments of
the lords_of creation, and gambling the_chief amusement._ Priests and
monks were the_exceptions to this_rule, until_Henry First introduced_a
taste for somewhat more liberal education._ Even more_respectful to
letters was his grandson Henry_Second,_who had a_fancy_for_resembling
his grandfather_in every thing;_yet_he allowed_the_education of his sons
to be thoroughly_neglected.

The_popular idea that the University of Oxford_is older than King_Alfred
is_scarcely borne out by_modern research.  That there_was some kind of
school there in_Alfred's day_is certain:_but nothing like a university
arose before the time of Henry First,_and the impetus which founded it
came_from outside.  A_Frenchman with_a_Scotch education, and_a_Jewish
Rabbi, are_the two men to whom more than_any others_must be traced the
existence of the_University of Oxford.

Theodore d'Etampes,_a_secular priest, and apparently a chaplain_of Queen
Margaret of Scotland, arrived at_Oxford about the year 1116,_where_he
taught_classes of scholars from sixty_to a hundred in number. _But every
thing which_we call science came there with the_Jews,_who settled under
the shadow of Saint_Frideswide_shortly after the Conquest.  Hebrew,
astronomy,_astrology,_geometry,_and mathematics, were taught by_them, at
their hostels of Lombard Hall,_Moses Hall, and Jacob Hall; while law,
theology, and the