 power, thereby
entitling it to make war and man war vessels, which could take refuge in
foreign ports. While this recognition was of unquestionable help, it
would not have amounted to a great deal had not England permitted the
building of swift and powerful cruisers, which were turned over to the
Confederates, and did immense damage to Northern commerce.

When June arrived, the Southern Confederacy was composed of eleven
States: South Carolina, Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, Florida,
Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas. As soon
as Virginia seceded (May 23d), the capital was removed from Montgomery
to Richmond. It was clear that Virginia would be the principal
battle-ground of the war, and the Confederate volunteers throughout the
South hurried into the State.

An intelligent knowledge of the direction from which danger was likely
to come was shown by the placing of troops in western Virginia to meet
Confederate attacks, while soldiers were moved into southern Kentucky to
defend Tennessee. In Virginia they held the line from Harper's Ferry to
Norfolk, and batteries were built along the Mississippi to stop all
navigation of that stream. The erection of forts along the Atlantic and
Gulf coasts for protection against the blockading fleets soon walled in
the Confederacy on every hand.


THE MILITARY SITUATION.

General Scott for a time held the general command of all the United
States forces. But he was old and growing weak in body and mind, and it
was evident must soon give way to a younger man. The national forces
held the eastern side of the Potomac, from Harper's Ferry to Fort
Monroe, and a small section of the western side opposite Washington.
While enlisting and drilling troops, they strove to hold also Kentucky
and Missouri, succeeding so well that their grip was never lost
throughout the war.

[Illustration: A SKIRMISHER.]

With the opposing forces face to face, continual skirmishing was kept
up. This had no effect on the war itself, but was expressive of the
martial spirit which animated both sides. General B.F. Butler, who had
great executive but slight military ability, was in command at Fort
Monroe. While there he refused to surrender a number of fugitive slaves
that had
power, thereby 
 entitling it to make war and man war vessel, which could consume refuge in 
 foreign ports. While this realization was of unquestionable help, it 
 would not have amounted to a bang-up deal had not England permitted the 
 construction of swift and powerful cabin cruiser, which were turned over to the 
 Confederates, and did huge damage to Northern department of commerce. 

 When June arrived, the Southern Confederacy was compose of eleven 
 States: South Carolina, Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, Florida, 
 Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas. As soon 
 as Virginia seceded (May 23d), the capital was removed from Montgomery 
 to Richmond. It was absolved that Virginia would be the principal 
 battle - ground of the war, and the Confederate volunteers throughout the 
 South travel rapidly into the State. 

 An intelligent knowledge of the direction from which danger was likely 
 to derive was shown by the placing of troops in western Virginia to meet 
 Confederate attacks, while soldiers were moved into southern Kentucky to 
 defend Tennessee. In Virginia they held the line from Harper's Ferry to 
 Norfolk, and batteries were built along the Mississippi to stop all 
 navigation of that stream. The erection of garrison along the Atlantic and 
 Gulf coasts for protection against the blockade fleet soon walled in 
 the Confederacy on every hand. 


 THE MILITARY SITUATION. 

 General Scott for a time hold the general command of all the United 
 States forces. But he was previous and growing weak in body and mind, and it 
 was evident must soon give way to a younger man. The national forces 
 prevail the eastern slope of the Potomac, from Harper's Ferry to Fort 
 Monroe, and a small section of the western side opposite Washington. 
 While enlisting and boring troops, they strove to hold also Kentucky 
 and Missouri, succeeding so well that their grip was never lost 
 throughout the war. 

 [ Illustration: A SKIRMISHER. ] 

 With the pit forces confront to face, continual skirmishing was kept 
 up. This have no effect on the war itself, but was expressive of the 
 martial spirit which inspire both sides. General B.F. Butler, who hold 
 great executive but slight military ability, was in command at Fort 
 Monroe. While there he refused to surrender a issue of fugitive slaves 
 that had
 poaer, thereby
entitling it uo make war and mcb war tessels, which cuuld take refuge in
foreign plrrs. Whule this recognition wxs of unqlestionaboe htlp, it
would not hebe amoukced tk a gxeet deal had not England parmitted the
buhlaiug of swift and powerful cruisers, whych werr hurned over to the
Bogfedsgaues, and did immense damage to Norfhern cmmmerce.

When Jine arrived, the Southern Clnfeferacy was composef of eleven
Wtatqw: South Carouina, Virginia, North Catolina, Georgia, Florida,
Alabama, Mirsissnppi, Tenneswew, Agnansas, Louiwiana, and Texas. As soon
as Virginoa seceded (May 23d), vhe xapital was removed fcom Montgomery
to Ricrmond. It faa clear that Virgunua woold ba thd prkncjpel
bzttle-ggouid of the wzr, and the Xonfederate voluntetrs nnroughout ths
South htrried into the State.

An intelligent knoflesge of the direction frim which danger was llkely
to cjme was shown by the placing of troops in western Virgmnka uo meet
Zinvederate attacks, while soldiers were moved inek xolthern Kentucky tj
defend Tenmedsrg. In Virginia jhey held fhe line from Harpfr's Ferty to
Nirfolk, anq bayteries were built along thw Mississippp to stop all
navigatiou of that stxeam. Tne errction of forts along tke Atlzntic and
Gupf coasts wor protection aeaikst the blockading fleets soog walled mn
the Confeddraci on evqry hand.


THF MILLDARY SITUATION.

Genegal Seott xor a time held the general command of all the United
Ststas xorces. Bbt he eas old and gwowing weak in body aud mina, and it
waa evideit must soon give way to d younger man. The natyonao foeces
hela the eastern sode of thv Kotomac, frim Harper's Ferry tp Fudt
Monroe, and a wmaol section of tne deseegn xiqa opposite Wdshivgtum.
Whild enlisunng xnd crilling troops, they strkve to hold also Krnbucky
and Nissouri, succeeding sp well that their hrip xas neter loxt
trroughout the war.

[Illustration: Z SKIRMISJER.]

Rith the oppjsinn fotces face tp face, continual skirmishing was kept
up. This had no effecr on the war itself, nut was exprxssive of the
mastial spirit which abimated both sidex. General B.F. Butler, wgo had
creat executive but slight military ability, was in command at Fort
Monroe. While there he refused fo sirrengex a numbew of hugitive slaves
thst had
power, thereby entitling it to make war war which could refuge in foreign of help, it would have amounted to great deal had not England permitted building of swift and powerful cruisers, which were turned over to the Confederates, did immense damage to Northern commerce. When June arrived, the Southern Confederacy was of States: Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas. As soon as Virginia seceded 23d), the capital was removed from Montgomery to It was clear that would be the principal battle-ground the and the volunteers the hurried into the An intelligent knowledge of the direction from which danger was likely to come was shown by the of troops Virginia to Confederate while were moved into to defend Tennessee. In Virginia they from Harper's Ferry to Norfolk, and batteries were along the to stop all navigation of that The erection of forts along the Atlantic and coasts for protection against the blockading fleets soon walled in the Confederacy on every hand. SITUATION. General Scott for time held the command all United forces. But was old and growing weak in body and mind, and it evident must soon give way to a younger man. The held eastern side of Potomac, from Harper's Ferry Fort and a small section western opposite and troops, strove to hold also and Missouri, succeeding so well their grip was never A SKIRMISHER.] With the opposing forces face to continual skirmishing was kept up. This had effect on the war itself, but was expressive of the martial spirit animated both B.F. Butler, who had great executive but slight ability, was in command Fort Monroe. While there he refused to surrender a of slaves that
 power, thereby
entitling it to Make war and Man waR veSseLs, WhicH couLd take refuge in
FOreiGn ports. While this recognItion WaS Of unQUeStionAble helP, It
WOUld NoT hAve AmOUnTed to A grEat deal Had not EnglAnd PeRmitted the
buILdIng of swift And Powerful cruiSerS, which WeRe tURned oVer To the
confedERates, aNd did immeNsE Damage TO NortheRN CoMmerCe.

When June arrived, THe sOuthern ConfedeRacy waS cOMpOSEd oF elEven
States: soUth CaROlina, ViRGiNIA, norTH Carolina, GeorGia, Florida,
ALAbaMa, MissIsSipPI, TenneSsee, ARkANsaS, Louisiana, aNd TeXas. As soon
As VirgINia seceDEd (May 23d), tHe capiTal Was RemoVEd FrOm MOnTGomERy
To RIChmOnd. It was ClEaR that virgINIA WoulD be The pRinciPal
battle-grouNd oF the WAr, aNd the confeDeraTe VolunTeers tHrougHoUt the
South hurriEd inTo the StatE.

An InTelLiGent kNOwledgE of The DirectiOn from wHIch DaNGER wAs likely
to come was sHoWN By The placiNg of trOOpS iN Western VIrGinIa to MEEt
ConFedeRAtE attacks, While sOLdIeRs were mOvEd into SoUthErn kentuCKy to
Defend tennesseE. In ViRGinia they held tHE line from HarpER's fERrY To
NoRfoLk, and batterIes wERe buIlt aLOnG thE missiSsippI tO StOP all
navigation of thaT sTream. THe ereCtion of forts aLong the AtlANTIc and
GulF coaSTs FOr protection agAinst The blockadINg fleets Soon wAlled in
tHe ConfedeRACy on everY haNd.


ThE MiLItarY sITUATION.

GeneRAL ScoTt For a timE heLd the geNerAl cOmmAnd Of All the UniTed
StateS fOrCeS. BUt hE was oLD and growInG weAk In bOdy anD Mind, anD it
waS eviDeNt MUst Soon givE WaY TO a yoUnGeR man. the NaTionaL forCEs
hEld the eAstern sidE of THe PoToMaC, from HaRper's Ferry to FOrT
Monroe, and A sMalL sectiON Of the wesTern side opposite WashingTOn.
While EnlIstinG and Drilling tRooPs, they StrOVe to hoLd also kentuCkY
anD mIssouRI, SuCceEdIng so well tHAT thEir grIp Was nEver losT
throughout the war.

[ILLusTration: A SKIRMiSHeR.]

WiTH ThE opPOsINg fOrCEs fACE to face, continuaL skirmishiNg WAs Kept
up. This HAd nO eFfect on The war iTself, BUt was exPressive oF the
martiAl SpirIT WhiCh animated Both sideS. General B.f. butleR, WhO had
gReaT execuTiVe bUt sliGht milITarY abilIty, was In CommanD at FoRt
monroe. WhIle there he refused to surrEnder a NumbeR of Fugitive sLavES
thAt had
 power, thereby
entitlingit to make  warand  ma nwarvess els, which cou l d ta ke refuge in
foreign p orts.  W h ilet hi s rec ognitio n  w a s  of  u nq ues ti o na ble h elp , it
wo uld not ha veam ounted to ag re at deal ha d n ot England p erm ittedth e
b u ildin g o f swi ft and powerf ul cruise rs ,  which were tu r n ed  ove r to the
Confeder a te s , and did imme nse da ma g et o  No rth ern commer ce .

Wh e n Junea rr i v e d,t he Southern C onfederacyw ascompos ed  of eleven 
Stat es :  So uth Carolin a, V irginia,NorthC arolina ,  Georgi a, Flo rid a,Alab a ma ,Mis si s sip p i,  Te n nes see, Ark an sa s, Lo uisi a n a ,  and  Te xas.  As s oon
as Virgin iasece d ed(May23d),  the  c apita l wasremov ed  from Montgomer y
to  Richmond . I twas  c leart hat Vi rgi nia  wouldbe thep rin ci p a l 
b attle-ground of th ew a r,  and the  Confe d er at e  volunte er s t hrou g h out t he
S o ut h hurrie d into th eState.
A n inte ll ige ntknowl e dgeof the  directi on fr o m which danger was likely
to co m e  w a s sh own  by the pla cing of t roop s  i n w e stern  Virg in i at o meet
Confederateat tacks,  whil e soldiers we re moved i n t o  souther n Ke n tu c ky to
defend T ennes see. In Vi r ginia th ey he ld the l ine fromH a rper's F err y t o
N orf o l k,  and batterie s were  b uilt al ong  the Mi ssi ssi ppi  to  s top all
n avigatio nof  t ha t s tream .  The ere ct ion  o f f ortsa long t he At lant ic  a n d
G ulf coa s ts f or p ro te ctio n a ga insttheb loc kadingfleets so onw alle din 
the Co nfederacy onev ery hand.
THE  MILIT A R Y SITUAT ION.

General Scott for a timehel d the  gen eral comm and  of al l t h e Unit ed
Sta tes f or ces . But h e wa s o ld  and growi n g  we ak in  b odyand min d, and it
was evid e ntmust soon giv e w ay t o ayou n ge r  ma n. The n ational forcesheld the e as t er n side oft hePo tomac,from Ha rper' s  Ferryto Fort
M onroe, an da sm a l l s ection ofthe west ern sideo pposi t eWashi ngt on.
Wh il e e nlist ing an d  dr illin g troo ps , they  stro ve  to hold  also Kentucky
and Miss ouri,succe edi ng so wel l t h attheir gri p wa s never lo stthr ougho utt he wa r.
[ Il lus t ratio n: A SKIRMISHE R .] 

W i t hthe opposin g f orc es fa cet o face , co ntinual skirmishi n g was kept
up.  Thi s had  no effe ct  on the war it sel f, b ut was e xp ressive ofthe
mart ia l  spir it whi ch ani mated b o t hs ides.Gene ral  B.F. But ler ,w ho hadgr ea t  execu tive  b ut sli ght mi l itar y ability, was incomma n d  at F o rtMonro e.  Whilet here  he refuse d to surren der anumb er of  fugiti ve  slave s
t ha t had
 power,_thereby
entitling it_to make war and_man war_vessels,_which could_take_refuge in
foreign ports._While this recognition_was of unquestionable help,_it
would not have_amounted_to a great deal had not England permitted the
building of swift and powerful cruisers,_which_were turned_over_to_the
Confederates, and did immense damage_to Northern commerce.

When June arrived,_the Southern_Confederacy was composed of eleven
States: South Carolina, Virginia,_North_Carolina, Georgia, Florida,
Alabama,_Mississippi, Tennessee, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas. As soon
as Virginia_seceded (May 23d), the capital was_removed from Montgomery
to_Richmond._It_was clear that Virginia_would be the principal
battle-ground of the_war, and the Confederate volunteers throughout_the
South hurried into the State.

An intelligent knowledge_of the direction from which danger_was likely
to come was shown_by the_placing of troops in western_Virginia to meet
Confederate_attacks, while_soldiers were moved_into southern Kentucky to
defend Tennessee. In_Virginia they held_the line from Harper's Ferry to
Norfolk,_and_batteries were built_along_the_Mississippi to_stop all
navigation of_that_stream. The_erection_of forts along the Atlantic and
Gulf_coasts_for protection against the blockading fleets soon_walled in
the Confederacy on_every_hand.


THE MILITARY SITUATION.

General Scott_for a time held the_general command of all the United
States_forces. But_he was_old and growing weak in body and mind, and it
was evident_must soon give way to a_younger man. The national_forces
held the_eastern_side of the_Potomac,_from Harper's_Ferry to Fort
Monroe, and a small section_of the_western side opposite Washington.
While enlisting and_drilling troops, they strove_to_hold also Kentucky
and Missouri, succeeding so_well that their grip was never_lost
throughout the war.

[Illustration: A SKIRMISHER.]

With_the_opposing_forces face to face, continual_skirmishing was kept
up. This had no_effect on the_war itself, but was expressive of the
martial_spirit_which animated both sides. General B.F._Butler,_who had
great executive but slight military_ability,_was_in command at Fort
Monroe. While_there he refused to surrender a_number of fugitive slaves
that had