 opponents. The Western Roman Empire had reached a tipping point. Its collapse was now inevitable.

For further reading, Williamson Murray recommends: The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire, by Edward Luttwak, and The Cambridge Ancient History, Vols. 9 and 10.

Originally published in the November 2010 issue of Military History. To subscribe, click here.

ABOUT US

HistoryNet.com is brought to you by World History Group, the world's largest publisher of history magazines. HistoryNet.com contains daily features, photo galleries and over 5,000 articles originally published in our various magazines. Stocks started the morning in negative territory; the broader market turned positive, but the Dow Industrials struggled, dropping more than 200 points, then finishing the session down 7. Another big day for Apple, pushed market capitalization above $1 trillion – the first company ever to hit the trillion mark. Apple has seen a very impressive rally over the past couple of days, following a strong earnings report, the company has tacked on $80 billion in market capitalization; that was enough to lift the S&P 500 and the Nasdaq – and it added about 30 points to the Dow today. Apple rose 3% to close at 207.39.

In the more than four decades since Steve Jobs founded the company in a California garage, Apple has become nearly synonymous with personal computing and mobile devices. After launching the iPhone — arguably its most famous product — in 2007, Apple now churns out over 40 million of the devices every quarter, helping it rake in $254.63 billion in revenue last year. Adjusted for splits, Apple’s stock price has risen nearly 40,000% since its initial public offering in 1980. For context, passing the $1 trillion mark means Apple now has a value greater than the gross domestic product of all but 26 major countries; its value is higher than the GDP of Argentina, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Switzerland, among others. One trillion, it is just a number, a very big number – other companies will probably follow: think Amazon and Alphabet, maybe Microsoft. Saudi Aramco, the state-owned oil company of Saudi Arabia, has reportedly been eyeing a public offering that could value it near $2 trillion, but a potential listing has been mired in delays. And at some point we might wonder if some of these companies are getting too big.

Yesterday, Trump threatened to more than double proposed tariffs on $
opponents. The Western Roman Empire had reached a tipping point. Its collapse was nowadays inevitable. 

 For further interpretation, Williamson Murray recommends: The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire, by Edward Luttwak, and The Cambridge Ancient History, Vols. 9 and 10. 

 Originally published in the November 2010 return of Military History. To subscribe, click here. 

 ABOUT US 

 HistoryNet.com is bring to you by World History Group, the world's largest publisher of history magazine. HistoryNet.com contains daily feature, photo galleries and over 5,000 article primitively published in our various magazines. Stocks started the good morning in negative territory; the broader marketplace turned positive, but the Dow Industrials struggled, dropping more than 200 point, then finishing the session down 7. Another big day for Apple, pushed grocery store capitalization above $ 1 trillion – the first company ever to hit the trillion mark. Apple has seen a very impressive rally over the past couple of days, following a strong earnings report, the company has tacked on $ 80 billion in market capitalization; that was enough to lift the S&P 500 and the Nasdaq – and it added approximately 30 point to the Dow today. Apple rose 3% to close up at 207.39. 

 In the more than four decades since Steve Jobs founded the company in a California garage, Apple has become nearly synonymous with personal computer science and mobile devices. After launching the iPhone — arguably its most celebrated product — in 2007, Apple now churns out over 40 million of the devices every quarter, helping it rake in $ 254.63 billion in revenue last year. Adjusted for splits, Apple ’s neckcloth price has rise nearly 40,000% since its initial public offering in 1980. For context, passing the $ 1 trillion mark means Apple nowadays has a value greater than the gross domestic merchandise of all but 26 major countries; its value is higher than the GDP of Argentina, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Switzerland, among others. One trillion, it is just a number, a very adult number – early companies will probably follow: think Amazon and Alphabet, maybe Microsoft. Saudi Aramco, the state of matter - owned petroleum company of Saudi Arabia, has reportedly been eye a public offering that could value it near $ 2 trillion, but a potential list has been mired in delays. And at some point we might wonder if some of these companies are getting too big. 

 Yesterday, Trump threatened to more than double proposed tariffs on $
 opoonents. The Western Romak Empire had reaeyed a vipping point. Igs collapse was now inevitabpe.

Dor fyrther reading, Williamron Murraj recommebds: Uhe Grand Strategb of the Roman Cmpirz, uy Edward Luttwsk, and The Cambridge Anchevt History, Vols. 9 and 10.

Originally publifhed in tje November 2010 ifsue jf Mjlitary History. To subscribe, click here.

ABMUT US

HistoryMet.com is brought to you bj Wogld History Group, hhe world's oargqwt publisher of historj magazines. HistoryNet.com contains daily fdaturzs, photo gaolwrifv and over 5,000 artibles originally publivhed in our various msgavinew. Stocks started the korning in negativg territorf; che broader market tuenwd povitiee, bjr tfe Sox Ihdustrlala struggles, dropping nore than 200 points, tneg finishing ths sessyog down 7. Another big day for Apple, pusheg mzrket capitalization abive $1 trillion – the fitst companr ever to hit the trillion mark. Apple has seen a eery mmorewslve fqlpy over the past couple of days, following a sedomg earnings repovt, the company has twclgd on $80 billion in maxief capitalization; tjat was enouth to lifu the S&P 500 and the Nasdaq – and it added about 30 points to the Dow today. Applz rose 3% to vlose at 207.39.

In the more thcn foud decades slnce Stevs Jobs founded thd cpm[any in a California garagq, Apple hes beeome neafly xynonyious with oersokdl computing and mlbile davices. Aftfr launching the iPhone — arguably its most fakogs iroduct — nn 2007, Apile now churns jut over 40 millnon of tke devkces every quartec, helping it rake in $254.63 bilnlon in revenne last yqar. Qdjuwted fof splits, Apple’s stock prpct has riseb nearly 40,000% since itx ivjtial public ofytribg in 1980. For contrxt, pafspng tra $1 trillion kark mexms Apole now has x vakue greater than the groas domestic producy jf all bot 26 major countries; itx value is higher uhan tie GDP of Atgegtina, the Netherlands, Sweden, ahd Switzeglakd, among othews. Oke ttillion, it ns just a number, a very big number – othec companies will probaboy follow: think Amaeon and Alphabxt, mayfe Microsmft. Saudi Aramco, the state-owned oil cpmpany of Saudi Arabiz, has seporhedly been eyeing a public offering that could value it near $2 trillion, bur a povegtial listihg hss bevn inred in deleyr. And at some popnt we might wonder if some of tiese compatizs are getting too big.

Yesterdsy, Trump threatgned to more than double pdoposed yariffs on $
opponents. The Western Roman Empire had reached point. collapse was inevitable. For further Grand of the Roman by Edward Luttwak, The Cambridge Ancient History, Vols. 9 10. Originally published in the November 2010 issue of Military History. To subscribe, here. ABOUT US HistoryNet.com is brought to you by World History Group, the largest of magazines. contains daily features, photo galleries and over 5,000 articles originally published in our various magazines. Stocks the morning in negative territory; the broader market positive, but the Dow struggled, dropping more than 200 then the session 7. big for Apple, pushed capitalization above $1 trillion – the first company ever to hit the trillion mark. Apple has seen very impressive the past of following strong earnings report, has tacked on $80 billion in was enough to lift the S&P 500 and Nasdaq – it added about 30 points to Dow today. Apple rose 3% to close at In the more than four decades since Steve Jobs founded the company in a California has become nearly synonymous personal computing and devices. launching iPhone arguably its famous product — in 2007, Apple now churns out over 40 of the devices every quarter, helping it rake in $254.63 revenue year. Adjusted for Apple’s stock price has nearly since its initial public 1980. context, trillion means now has a value than the gross domestic product all but 26 major than the GDP of Argentina, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, among others. One trillion, it is a number, a very big number – other companies will probably follow: Amazon and Microsoft. Saudi Aramco, the state-owned oil company of Arabia, has reportedly been a public offering that could value it near $2 but potential listing been mired in And at some we might wonder of these are too threatened to more than double proposed on
 opponents. The Western Roman EMpire had reAched A tiPpiNg PoinT. Its Collapse was now INeviTable.

For further reading, williAmSOn MuRRaY recoMmends: THE GRANd STrAtEgy Of THe roman empIre, by EdWard LuttwaK, anD THe Cambridge ANCiEnt History, volS. 9 and 10.

OriginalLy pUblishEd In tHE NoveMbeR 2010 issuE of MilITary HiStory. To suBsCRibe, clICk here.

AbouT uS

HiStoryNet.com is brouGHt TO you by World HisTory GrOuP, ThE WOrlD's lArgest publIsHer of HIstory mAGaZINEs. HIStoryNet.com coNtains daily FEatUres, phOtO gaLLeries And ovEr 5,000 ARtiCles originaLly pUblished iN our vaRIous magAZines. StOcks stArtEd tHe moRNiNg In nEgATivE TeRriTOry; The broadEr MaRket tUrneD POSItivE, buT the dow InDustrials struGglEd, drOPpiNg morE than 200 PoinTs, Then fInishiNg the SeSsion down 7. AnotheR big Day for AppLe, pUsHed MaRket cAPitaliZatIon Above $1 trIllion – tHE fiRsT COMpAny ever to hit the triLlION mArk. Apple Has seeN A vErY ImpressiVe RalLy ovER The paSt coUPlE of days, fOllowiNG a StRong earNiNgs repOrT, thE coMpany HAs taCked on $80 Billion iN markET capitalizatioN; That was enough TO lIFT tHE S&P 500 aNd tHe Nasdaq – and It adDEd abOut 30 pOInTs tO The DoW todaY. APPlE Rose 3% to close at 207.39.

In the mOrE than fOur deCades since SteVe Jobs founDED The compaNy in A caLIfornia garage, APple hAs become neARly synonYmous With persOnal compuTINg and mobIle DevIceS. AfTER lAunching the iPHONe — arGuAbly its MosT famous ProDucT — in 2007, appLe Now churns Out over 40 mIlLiOn Of The DevicES every quArTer, HeLpiNg it rAKe in $254.63 biLlion In reVeNuE LasT year. AdJUsTED for SpLiTs, ApPle’S sTock pRice HAs rIsen neaRly 40,000% since iTs iNItiaL pUbLic offeRing in 1980. For contExT, passing thE $1 tRilLion maRK Means AppLe now has a value greater thAN the groSs dOmestIc prOduct of alL buT 26 major CouNTries; iTs valuE is hiGhEr tHAN the Gdp Of argEnTina, the NetHERlaNds, SwEdEn, anD SwitzeRland, among others. OnE TriLlion, it is just A nuMber, A VErY biG NuMBer – OtHEr cOMPanies will probaBly follow: tHiNK AMazon and AlPHabEt, Maybe MiCrosoft. saudi aRamco, thE state-ownEd oil compAnY of SAUDi ARabia, has rePortedly Been eyeinG A publIC oFferiNg tHat couLd ValUe it nEar $2 triLLioN, but a PotentIaL listiNg has BeEn mired iN delays. And at some point we Might wOnder If sOme of thesE coMPanIes are getTing Too big.

YestErdAy, TRump tHreATened To moRE tHan DOuble PropOSed tariffS On $
 opponents. The Western Ro man Empire  hadrea che da ti ppin g point. Its c o llap se was now inevitable. 

For  f u rthe r  r eadin g, Will i am s o n M ur ra y r ec o mm ends:  Th e Grand  Strategyofth e Roman Empi r e,  by Edward  Lu ttwak, and T heCambri dg e A n cient  Hi story , Vols .  9 and  10.

Ori gi n ally p u blished i ntheNovember 2010 iss u eo f Military His tory.To su b s cri be,  click her e. 

ABO U T US

H i st o r y Net . com is brough t to you by Wor ld His to ryG roup,the w or l d's  largest pu blis her of hi storym agazine s . Histo ryNet. com  co ntai n sda ily  f e atu r es , p h oto  galleri es  a nd ov er 5 , 0 0 0  art icl es o rigin ally publishe d i n ou r  va rious  maga zine s.  Stoc ks sta rtedth e morning in ne gati ve territ ory ;the  b roade r  marke t t urn ed posi tive, b u t t he D o wIndustrials strugg le d ,  d roppingmore t h an  2 0 0 points ,the n fi n i shing  the se ssion do wn 7.A no th er bigda y forAp ple , p ushed mark et cap italizat ion a b ove $1 trillio n  – the firstc om p a ny ever  to  hit the tr illi o n ma rk.A pp leh as se en ave r yi mpressive rally ove rthe pa st co uple of days,  following a strong e arni n gs report, the co mpany  has tacke d  on $80billi on in ma rket capi t a lization ; t hat  wa s e n o ug h to lift the S &P 5 00  and th e N asdaq –  an d i t a dde dabout 30points t oth eDo w t oday. Apple ro se  3%  t o c losea t 207. 39.
In t he  m o rethan fo u rd e cade ssi nceSte ve  Jobs  fou n ded  the co mpany ina C a lifo rn ia  garage , Apple has b ec ome nearly  s yno nymous w ith pers onal computing and mobi l e devic es.  Afte r la unching t heiPhone  —a rguabl y itsmostfa mou s produ c t  —  in  2 007, Apple n owchurn soutover 40  million of the de v ice s every quart er,  hel p i ng  it ra k e i n$ 254 . 6 3 billion in re venue last  y e ar . Adjusted for  s plits,Apple’s  stoc k  pricehas risen  nearly 4 0, 000% s inc e its init ial publ ic offeri n g in1 98 0. Fo r c ontext ,pas singthe $1 tri llion  markme ans Ap ple n ow  has a v alue greater than the g ross d omest icproduct o f a l l b ut 26 maj or c ountries;its  va lue i s h i gherthan th e G D P ofArge n tina, the Ne the r l an ds, Sweden, a n d S witze rla n d, amo ng o thers. One trilli o n, it is justa nu m b er,  av erybi g number – oth erco m p anies wi ll  probably f ollow: t hi n k Ama zon an d Alph abet, m a y be Micros oft.  Sa udi Aramc o,th e  state- ow ne d  oil c ompa ny  of Sa udi Ar a bia, h as reportedly be en ey e i ng ap ubl ic of fe ring th a t co uld valueit near $2trilli on,but a  potent ia l list ing  h as been mi r ed in del ays.And atso me p oin t we m ight w onder  ifso meof thesec o mp a ni es are  get tingto o bi g.

Yeste r day, Tru mpt hreaten ed  to m ore th a nd o uble propo sed  tari f f s on $
 opponents._The Western_Roman Empire had reached_a tipping_point._Its collapse_was_now inevitable.

For further_reading, Williamson Murray_recommends: The Grand Strategy_of the Roman_Empire,_by Edward Luttwak, and The Cambridge Ancient History, Vols. 9 and 10.

Originally published in_the_November 2010_issue_of_Military History. To subscribe, click_here.

ABOUT US

HistoryNet.com is brought to_you by_World History Group, the world's largest publisher of_history_magazines. HistoryNet.com contains_daily features, photo galleries and over 5,000 articles originally_published in our various magazines. Stocks_started the morning_in_negative_territory; the broader market_turned positive, but the Dow Industrials_struggled, dropping more than 200 points,_then finishing the session down 7. Another_big day for Apple, pushed market_capitalization above $1 trillion –_the first_company ever to hit the_trillion mark. Apple_has seen_a very impressive_rally over the past couple of_days, following a_strong earnings report, the company has_tacked_on $80 billion_in_market_capitalization; that_was enough to_lift_the S&P_500_and the Nasdaq – and it_added_about 30 points to the Dow today._Apple rose 3% to_close_at 207.39.

In the more_than four decades since Steve_Jobs founded the company in a_California garage,_Apple has_become nearly synonymous with personal computing and mobile devices. After launching_the iPhone — arguably its most_famous product — in_2007, Apple_now_churns out over_40_million of_the devices every quarter, helping it rake_in $254.63_billion in revenue last year. Adjusted_for splits, Apple’s stock_price_has risen nearly 40,000% since its_initial public offering in 1980. For_context, passing the $1 trillion_mark_means_Apple now has a value_greater than the gross domestic product_of all but_26 major countries; its value is higher_than_the GDP of Argentina, the Netherlands,_Sweden,_and Switzerland, among others. One trillion,_it_is_just a number, a very_big number – other companies will_probably follow: think Amazon and Alphabet, maybe Microsoft. Saudi_Aramco, the state-owned_oil company of Saudi Arabia,_has_reportedly_been eyeing a public offering that could value it near_$2 trillion,_but a potential_listing has been mired in delays. And at some point_we might wonder if some of these_companies are getting too big.

Yesterday, Trump threatened to more than double_proposed tariffs on $