 Police Department Chief
JOHN BLACKBURN, JR. Interim Executive Director CHARLES M. KATZ, Ph.D. Arizona State University West Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology STEVE BALLANCE Statistical Analysis Center Director
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Arizona Criminal Justice Commission and the Statistical Analysis Center would like to thank the students and schools that participated in the Arizona Youth Survey, allowing for the publication of this report.
SPECIAL THANKS TO:
Charles M. Katz, Ph.D., Arizona State University West Jean Ajamie, Arizona Department of Education Steve Harrison, Bach-Harrison, LTD Sheila Hoppe, Governor's Division of Drug and Gang Policy Denise Muller, Arizona Department of Education Lisa Schumaker, Department of Health Services Nicole Yancey, Governor's Division for Children
Table of Contents
Executive Summary Introduction Background Purpose of this Report Study Overview Measures Survey Findings: Perceptions, Fears, and Experiences Related to Gun Carrying Correlates of Gun Carrying Relationships Between Guns, Crime, and Drugs Impact of Gun Carrying on School Performance, Behavior and Climate Summary and Implications References
1 4 4 5 6 7 12 20 25 42 47 50
1
Executive Summary
While the problem of gun violence among youth is complex, studies have shown that in order to address the problems associated with youth carrying guns, several factors must be assessed including: a cycle of fear; lack of opportunity (or a future); culture of machismo and violence; a lack of faith in law enforcement; and developmental issues. If the underlying issues associated with these problems are not addressed, problems associated with youth carrying guns cannot be seriously handled. This report seeks to look at risk and protective factors in relation to youth carrying guns to analyze which risk factors are affecting youth in Arizona. In particular, this report focused on four major issues: (1) Perceptions, fears, and experiences related to guns; (2) Correlates of gun carrying; (3) Relationships between gun carrying, crime, and drugs; and (4) Impacts of gun carrying on school performance, school behavior, and school climate. These issues were examined using data from the 2002 Arizona Youth Data show that between 1984 and 1995, violent crime rates among 13- to 17year-olds more than doubled. As youth gun violence has become more prevalent, the role of guns has become the center of the discussion on youth violence. Gun injuries are the eighth
Police Department Chief 
 JOHN BLACKBURN, JR. Interim Executive Director CHARLES M. KATZ, Ph.D. Arizona State University West Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology STEVE BALLANCE Statistical Analysis Center Director 
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 
 The Arizona Criminal Justice Commission and the Statistical Analysis Center would like to thank the students and schools that participate in the Arizona Youth Survey, give up for the publication of this reputation. 
 SPECIAL THANKS TO: 
 Charles M. Katz, Ph.D., Arizona State University West Jean Ajamie, Arizona Department of Education Steve Harrison, Bach - Harrison, LTD Sheila Hoppe, Governor's Division of Drug and Gang Policy Denise Muller, Arizona Department of Education Lisa Schumaker, Department of Health Services Nicole Yancey, Governor's Division for Children 
 Table of Contents 
 Executive Summary Introduction Background Purpose of this Report Study Overview Measures view Findings: Perceptions, Fears, and Experiences relate to Gun Carrying Correlates of Gun Carrying Relationships Between Guns, Crime, and Drugs Impact of Gun carry on School Performance, Behavior and Climate Summary and Implications References 
 1 4 4 5 6 7 12 20 25 42 47 50 
 1 
 Executive Summary 
 While the problem of artillery violence among youth is complex, report have shown that in order to address the problems associated with youth carry guns, several factors must be assess including: a cycle of fear; lack of opportunity (or a future); culture of machismo and ferocity; a lack of faith in police enforcement; and developmental issues. If the underlying issues consociate with these problems are not addressed, problems associated with youth carrying guns cannot be seriously handled. This report seeks to look at risk and protective factors in relation to youth carrying gun to analyze which risk factors are involve young in Arizona. In particular, this report focus on four major consequence: (1) Perceptions, fears, and experience related to guns; (2) Correlates of gun carrying; (3) Relationships between gun carrying, crime, and drug; and (4) Impacts of gun carrying on school performance, school behavior, and school climate. These issues were examined practice data from the 2002 Arizona Youth Data show that between 1984 and 1995, violent crime rates among 13- to 17year - olds more than double. As youth gun violence has become more prevalent, the role of guns has become the center of the discussion on youth ferocity. Gun injuries are the eighth
 Popice Department Chief
JOHK BLACKBURN, JR. Iurerim Xxecutibe Direcgor CHARLES M. KATZ, Ph.D. Arizoia Srate Yniversity West Departoent of Cgiminal Jystire and Criminolojg STEVE BALLAHGE Stctmstical Analysix Center Dhrector
ACKNOWLADEELENTS
The Arizona Criminal Justice Cjmmissipn and the Statifticsj Anzlysis Center would like to thank fhe stuvents and schooks that participated in thf Arlzona Youth Survey, allowing fir trw publicatiov of this gzport.
SPECIAM THANKS TO:
Charles M. Katz, Ph.D., Afizonc State Uniceesihi West Jean Ejamie, Arizona Department mf Educstion Steve Havrisoi, Baxh-Harrison, LTD Sheila Hoppe, Governor's Dyvision ox Brug and Gang Policy Eebise Kullar, Afuzova Se'arfment lf Xducation Ljsa Schumakwr, Department of Hesley Services Nidole Ywnsey, Governor's Division for Children
Tablt of Dontents
Executive Summaey Introduction Backgtound Purpjse of this Report Study Overview Measures Survey Findmnes: Kevgeptkind, Fears, and Experiences Related to Gun Carryigf Vogrelates of Gun Ccrrying Relationxhlpx Between Guns, Crime, ans Drugs Impact of Hun Cartying in School Pergormance, Behavior and Climare Summary aud Umplications Referznces
1 4 4 5 6 7 12 20 25 42 47 50
1
Gxecutove Summary
While the prublej of gun villence amkvg youth is compuex, sdudies have shown that in jrder to eddrexs the orobkems afsociated aith nmuth carrying guns, sevetal fawtors must be assessed including: a cycle of fear; lack og mppmrtunity (or a future); cultuwe of machismo and vijlencd; a lack or faith in law enfjrcement; and ggvelopmental mssues. If the undwrlying kssues associayed with nhtse problens are not addresscd, pruglems associateb qith youth carruine gtnd rannoe be seriouslf havdldc. Thir reporu scekr to look at risk and prmtecfive factors in rekabion to yiuth carwying guns to analyze which risn facvors ace affrctyng youth in Arizona. In partichlar, this reiort focused jn fiur major isxues: (1) Perceptions, fears, and experiences related to guns; (2) Xorrelates of gun ccrvying; (3) Relatmonshi[s betweet gun carrying, crime, and drugs; and (4) Ikpacts of gun carryinf on swhool performance, school behavior, and school climate. These issues were examinee usinj qata from tge 2002 Srizota Vouth Dwta diow that between 1984 and 1995, violent crime rates among 13- to 17yeas-ojds more than doubled. As youyh gun violence has become more prevaleht, the rple of guns has become the centrr of the discussion on nouth viooence. Gun injurmes are the eighth
Police Department Chief JOHN BLACKBURN, JR. Interim CHARLES KATZ, Ph.D. State University West Criminology BALLANCE Statistical Analysis Director ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Criminal Justice Commission and the Statistical Center would like to thank the students and schools that participated in the Youth Survey, allowing for the publication of this report. SPECIAL THANKS TO: Charles Katz, Arizona University Jean Ajamie, Arizona Department of Education Steve Harrison, Bach-Harrison, LTD Sheila Hoppe, Governor's Division of Drug Gang Policy Denise Muller, Arizona Department of Education Schumaker, Department of Health Nicole Yancey, Governor's Division for Table Contents Executive Introduction Purpose this Report Study Measures Survey Findings: Perceptions, Fears, and Experiences Related to Gun Carrying Correlates of Gun Carrying Relationships Between Crime, and of Gun on Performance, and Climate Summary References 1 4 4 5 6 25 42 47 50 1 Executive Summary While problem of violence among youth is complex, studies shown that in order to address the problems with youth carrying guns, several factors must be assessed including: a cycle of fear; lack (or a future); culture machismo and violence; lack faith law and developmental If the underlying issues associated with these problems are not addressed, associated with youth carrying guns cannot be seriously handled. This to at risk and factors in relation to carrying to analyze which risk affecting in this focused four major issues: (1) fears, and experiences related to (2) Correlates of gun carrying, crime, and drugs; and (4) Impacts of carrying on school performance, school behavior, and climate. These issues were examined using data from the 2002 Arizona Youth show that and 1995, violent crime rates among 13- to more than doubled. As gun violence has become more prevalent, the role of has the center the discussion on violence. Gun injuries the eighth
 Police Department Chief
JOHN bLACKBURN, Jr. InteRim exeCuTive direCtor CHARLES M. KAtz, Ph.D. arizona State University west DEpARtmeNT oF CrimInal JusTIcE ANd CRiMiNolOgY sTeVE BAlLAnCE StatIstical AnaLysIs center DirectOR
AcKNOWLEDGEmENtS
The Arizona criMinal JUsTicE commiSsiOn and The StaTIsticaL Analysis ceNTer wouLD like to THAnK the Students and schoolS ThAT participated iN the ArIzONa yOUth surVey, allowinG fOr the PUblicatIOn OF THis REport.
SPECIAL ThANKS TO:
CharLEs M. katz, Ph.d., ARizONa StatE UnivErSIty west Jean AjaMie, ARizona DepArtmenT Of EducaTIon StevE HarriSon, bacH-HarRIsOn, lTD shEIla hOpPe, GOVerNor's DiviSiOn Of DruG and gANG poliCy DEnisE MullEr, Arizona DepaRtmEnt oF eduCatioN Lisa schuMaKer, DePartmeNt of HEaLth Services NicoLe YaNcey, GoverNor'S DIviSiOn for cHildreN
TaBle Of ConteNts
ExecUTivE SUMMArY Introduction BackgRoUND PUrpose of This RePOrT STUdy OvervIeW MeAsurES surveY FinDInGs: PercepTions, FEArS, aNd ExperIeNces ReLaTed To GUn CarRYing correlAtes of GuN CarrYIng RelationshiPS Between Guns, CRImE, ANd dRugs impAct of Gun CarRyinG On ScHool pErForMAnce, BEhaviOr ANd cLimate Summary and ImpLiCationS RefeRences
1 4 4 5 6 7 12 20 25 42 47 50
1
ExecutiVe Summary
WHILE the probLem oF GuN Violence among yOuth iS complex, stUDies have Shown That in orDer to addrESS the probLemS asSocIatED WiTh youth carryiNG Guns, SeVeral faCtoRs must bE asSesSed IncLuDing: a cyclE of fear; lAcK oF oPpOrtUnity (OR a future); CuLtuRe Of mAchisMO and viOlencE; a laCk Of FAitH in law eNFoRCEmenT; aNd DeveLopMeNtal iSsueS. if tHe underLying issuEs aSSociAtEd With theSe problems are NoT addressed, PrOblEms assOCIated witH youth carrying guns cannoT Be serioUslY handLed. THis report SeeKs to loOk aT Risk anD proteCtive FaCtoRS In relATIoN to YoUth carryinG GUns To anaLyZe whIch risk Factors are affectinG YouTh in Arizona. In ParTicuLAR, tHis REpORt fOcUSed ON Four major issues: (1) perceptionS, fEArS, and experiENceS rElated tO guns; (2) CoRrelaTEs of gun Carrying; (3) RElationshIpS betWEEn gUn carrying, Crime, and Drugs; and (4) IMPacts OF gUn carRyiNg on scHoOl pErforMance, sCHooL behaVior, anD sChool cLimatE. THese issuEs were examined using data From thE 2002 ArizOna youth Data ShoW ThaT between 1984 aNd 1995, viOlent crime RatEs aMong 13- tO 17yeAR-olds More THaN doUBled. AS youTH gun violeNCe Has BECoMe more prevaLENT, thE role Of gUNs has bEcomE the center of the diSCussion on youth ViolENCe. GUn iNJuriEs Are the eighth
 Police Department Chief
J OHN BLACKB URN,JR.  In te rimExec utive Director CHAR LES M. KATZ, Ph.D. Ari zonaSt a te U n iv ersit y WestD ep a r tme nt  o f C ri m in al Ju sti ce andCriminolog y S TE VE BALLANCES ta tistical A nal ysis CenterDir ectorAC KNO W LEDGE MEN TS
Th e Ariz o na Cri minal Jus ti c e Comm i ssion a n d  t he S tatistical Analys i sC enter would li ke toth a nk t hestu dents andsc hools that pa r ti c i p ate d  in the Arizo na Youth Su r vey , allo wi ngf or the  publ ic a tio n of this r epor t.
SPECIA L THAN K S TO:
C h arles M . Katz , P h.D ., A r iz on a S ta t e U n iv ers i tyWest Jea nAj amie,  Ari z o n a  Dep art ment  of E ducation Stev e H arri s on,  Bach -Harr ison ,LTD S heilaHoppe ,Governor's Divi sion  of Drugand  G ang  P olicy Denise  Mu lle r, Ariz ona Dep a rtm en t o fEducation Lisa Sch um a k er , Depart ment o f  H ea l th Servi ce s N icol e Yance y, G o ve rnor's D ivisio n  f or  Childr en 
Table  o f C ont entsE xecu tive S ummary I ntrod u ction Backgrou n d Purpose oft hi s Re p ortStu dy Overview  Mea s ures  Sur v ey  Fi n dings : Per ce p ti o ns, Fears, and Expe ri encesRelat ed to Gun Car rying Corr e l a tes of G un C a rr y ing Relationsh ips B etween Gun s , Crime,  andDrugs Im pact of G u n  Carryin g o n S cho olP e rf ormance, Beha v i or a nd  Climat e S ummaryand  Im pli cat io ns Refere nces
1 4  4  5  6  7  12  20 2 5  42 47 5 01
E xe cut ive S u mmaryWhile  the  p ro b lem  of gun vi o l ence  a mo ng y out his co mple x , s tudieshave show n t h at i nor der toaddress the p ro blems asso ci ate d with y outh car rying guns, several fac t ors mus t b e ass esse d includi ng:  a cyc leo f fear ; lack  of o pp ort u n ity ( o r  a  fu tu re); cultu r e  of  mach is mo a nd viol ence; a lack of fa i thin law enforc eme nt;a n ddev e lo p men ta l  is s u es. If the unde rlying iss ue s  a ssociatedw ith  t hese pr oblemsare n o t addre ssed, pro blems ass oc iate d wit h youth ca rrying g uns canno t  be s e ri ously  ha ndled.  T his  repo rt see k s t o loo k at r is k andprote ct ive fact ors in relation to yout h carr yinggun s to anal yze whi ch risk f acto rs are aff ect ing  yout h i n  Ariz ona. In  pa r ticul ar,t his repor t  f ocu s e don four maj o r iss ues:(1) Percep tion s, fears, and exp e riences relate d to g uns ; ( 2 ) Co rr elates of guncar ry i n g; (3) R el ationshipsbetweengu n  carr ying,crime,  and dr u g s; and (4 ) Im pac ts of gun  ca rr y ing onsc ho o l perf orma nc e, sch ool be h avio r ,  and school clim ate.T h ese i s sue s wer eexamine d  usi ng data fr om the 2002  Arizo na Y outhData sh ow  thatbet we en 1984 an d  1995, vi olent  crimera tesamo ng 13-  to1 7 year- olds  m ore  than dou b l ed .  A sy out h gu n vio le ncehas becom e  more pr eva l ent, th erol e of gun s  h a s  become th e c enter o f the disc u ssio n  o n  yout h viol ence.Gun inj u rie sare the  ei g h th
 Police_Department Chief
JOHN_BLACKBURN, JR. Interim Executive_Director CHARLES_M._KATZ, Ph.D._Arizona_State University West_Department of Criminal_Justice and Criminology STEVE_BALLANCE Statistical Analysis_Center_Director
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Arizona Criminal Justice Commission and the Statistical Analysis Center would like to thank_the_students and_schools_that_participated in the Arizona Youth_Survey, allowing for the publication_of this_report.
SPECIAL THANKS TO:
Charles M. Katz, Ph.D., Arizona State_University_West Jean Ajamie,_Arizona Department of Education Steve Harrison, Bach-Harrison, LTD Sheila_Hoppe, Governor's Division of Drug and_Gang Policy Denise_Muller,_Arizona_Department of Education Lisa_Schumaker, Department of Health Services Nicole_Yancey, Governor's Division for Children
Table of_Contents
Executive Summary Introduction Background Purpose of this_Report Study Overview Measures Survey Findings:_Perceptions, Fears, and Experiences Related_to Gun_Carrying Correlates of Gun Carrying_Relationships Between Guns,_Crime, and_Drugs Impact of_Gun Carrying on School Performance, Behavior_and Climate Summary_and Implications References
1 4 4 5_6_7 12 20_25_42_47 50
1
Executive_Summary
While the problem_of_gun violence_among_youth is complex, studies have shown_that_in order to address the problems associated_with youth carrying guns,_several_factors must be assessed_including: a cycle of fear;_lack of opportunity (or a future);_culture of_machismo and_violence; a lack of faith in law enforcement; and developmental issues._If the underlying issues associated with_these problems are not_addressed, problems_associated_with youth carrying_guns_cannot be_seriously handled. This report seeks to look_at risk_and protective factors in relation to_youth carrying guns to_analyze_which risk factors are affecting youth_in Arizona. In particular, this report_focused on four major issues:_(1)_Perceptions,_fears, and experiences related to_guns; (2) Correlates of gun carrying;_(3) Relationships between_gun carrying, crime, and drugs; and (4)_Impacts_of gun carrying on school performance,_school_behavior, and school climate. These issues_were_examined_using data from the 2002_Arizona Youth Data show that between_1984 and 1995, violent crime rates among 13- to_17year-olds more than_doubled. As youth gun violence_has_become_more prevalent, the role of guns has become the center_of the_discussion on youth_violence. Gun injuries are the eighth