 in the laboratory. The goal is to build a simple and cheap laboratory setup that can produce most of the gamma-ray data needed for an interpretation of spectra measured 50 to 120 m above ground level. A simple calibration setup has been build and tested. It may produce gamma-ray spectra similar to those measured in the air - from surface contamination with artificial nuclides and from 'bulk' natural radioactivity. It is possible to investigate the influence of the air above an aircraft carrying the detector (skyshine: scattering of gamma photons in the air above the detector). In order to reduce the influence of non-detected pile-up the count rates are kept low without reaching levels where the background spectra (to be subtracted) would cause unacceptable counting statistical fluctuations. Sources selected for the calibrations are heavy minerals sand (with thorium and uranium), potassium nitrate (with 40 K). These sources are 'bulk sources' of natural radioactivity. Cesium-137 has been selected as the basic artifical surface contamination nuclide. The report also discusses methods for comparing two spectra a priori assumed equal. Finally the properties of some materials that could be used as 'air-substitutes' in the calibration setup have been tested with respect to stability against moisture sorption. (au)

This paper presents the design of a constant memory board for the Rigaku X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, model 3064. This spectroscopy has been used to mineral analysis and materials characterization. It has been applied for elements instrumental analysis in mineral, metallic, ceramic, environmental samples and alloys. The memory board stores the elements sequence to be analyzed in the samples. It allows the automatic continuous operation of the spectroscopy and can be used as temporary register by the system. The spectroscopy data memory was composed by two permanent memory board with magnetic cores. The new memory board has a solid state static RAM, a data bus buffer, control and a special circuit to supply continuous power to the memory. (author)

A new sounding rocket payload that has been developed for X-ray spectroscopic studies of the solar corona is described. The instrument incorporates a grazing incidence Rowland mounted grating spectrograph and an extreme off-axis paraboloic sector feed system to isolate regions of the sun of order 1 x 10 arc seconds in size. The focal surface of the spectrograph is shared by photographic and photoelectric detection systems, with the latter serving as a part of the rocket pointing system control loop. Fabrication and alignment of the optical system is based on
in the laboratory. The goal is to build a simple and brassy lab setup that can produce most of the gamma - beam data needed for an rendition of spectra measured 50 to 120 m above ground degree. A simple calibration setup has been build up and tested. It may produce da gamma - ray spectra exchangeable to those measured in the air - from open contamination with artificial nuclides and from' bulk' natural radiation. It is possible to investigate the influence of the air above an aircraft carry the detector (skyshine: spread of gamma photon in the air above the detector). In order to reduce the influence of non - detected down - up the count rates are kept low without reaching levels where the setting spectra (to be subtracted) would cause unacceptable counting statistical fluctuations. Sources selected for the calibrations are heavy minerals backbone (with thorium and uranium), potassium nitrate (with 40 kelvin). These sources are' bulk reservoir' of lifelike radiation. Cesium-137 has been selected as the basic artifical surface contamination nuclide. The report also discusses methods for comparing two spectrum a priori assumed equal. Finally the properties of some materials that could be used as' atmosphere - substitutes' in the calibration setup have been tested with respect to constancy against moisture sorption. (au) 

 This paper present the invention of a constant memory board for the Rigaku X - ray fluorescence spectroscopy, model 3064. This spectroscopy has been used to mineral psychoanalysis and materials characterization. It has been applied for elements instrumental analysis in mineral, metallic, ceramic, environmental samples and alloys. The memory board store the elements succession to be analyzed in the samples. It allows the automatic continuous operation of the spectroscopy and can be used as impermanent register by the arrangement. The spectroscopy data memory was write by two permanent memory board with magnetic core. The new memory board has a solid state static RAM, a data bus buffer, control and a special tour to supply continuous power to the memory. (generator) 

 A new sounding skyrocket payload that has been developed for X - ray spectroscopic studies of the solar corona is described. The instrument incorporates a grazing incidence Rowland mounted grating spectrogram and an extreme off - axis paraboloic sector feed system to sequester region of the sun of order 1 x 10 arc seconds in size. The focal surface of the spectrogram is shared by photographic and photoelectric detection systems, with the latter serving as a part of the rocket pointing system control loop. Fabrication and conjunction of the optical system is based on
 in the laboratory. The goal is to build a simple end chezp laborxtory setup that can produce mist od the gamma-ray data nedded for wn interpretetion of spectra measured 50 to 120 l abmte ground level. A simple walibration seduo kas been build and tested. It may proquce gakmw-ray spectra symilsw to nhise measured in the air - from surfact contamination wiyh artificial nuclides and frol 'bulk' natural radloactivity. Ut if possible to investigaue the influgnce of the air above an aircrafg carxying the dgcwctlt (skyshine: sratterpng of gamma inotons in the air above the devectir). In order to reduce the influence of gon-detectad pile-up the count rqtes dre nept oow wiuhont deachijg mevels whede the backtround spectra (to bt stvtracted) wouls causq tnacceptable counting statistical fluctlatikns. Sources selected foe the calibrations arg heavy migerals sand (with thorium and uranium), potassium nidrate (ditk 40 K). Tfwsf sources are 'bulk sources' of natural radioacejvotj. Cesium-137 has been selected ax hhr basic artifizal suxrade contamination nkclide. Jhe report also disvusses methods for comparint two spectrc a priori assumed eqbal. Finally che prppertoes of some materials tkat cohld be used as 'air-sugrtitutes' in the zalpbradion setup have been testeq with rewpecc to stacilijy agaigst moistuge sov[tion. (au)

This paper presgnts tve design lf a constant memory board for vie Rigaku X-rai fnuogescence fpectvoscopy, model 3064. Ehis spectroscppy has been used to mpneral anelysis and mwterials chardfterization. Mt has beqn appliwd for duements instrukental ancjysiw in mineral, metalkic, deramic, environnenuao samples and slluys. Tje mqkory board sdorer tfr eleoents stzucncd to be analyzed in the vampmes. It allows the subomatic cintinuouf operation og the spectroscopy and ran be used as temporary register by the sysfem. The soecbroscopy data memiry was comppsed by two permanent memory board with magnetic cores. Thw new memory board kax a solid svate seatic RAM, a data bus buffer, cintrol and a speclal circuit to supply dontingous oower to the memory. (author)

A new sounding rocket payload that has been devwloped for X-ray spsctrpscoppc fcudies jf tie solar corona is described. The instrument incor'orates a crczing incidence Rowland mountrd grating specjrograph and an extreme ofr-axis pataboloic sector feed system to osolate regions of the smn of ordwr 1 x 10 arc secoids in size. The focak surfcce of the spwctrlgraph is shafed bn photograohic aud photoelectric detection systemw, with tje latter servinj as a part ln the tocket pjinting system ckntrkp look. Fabrication snd alignment pf the optical systek ys based on
in the laboratory. The goal is to simple cheap laboratory that can produce needed an interpretation of measured 50 to m above ground level. A simple setup has been build and tested. It may produce gamma-ray spectra similar to measured in the air - from surface contamination with artificial nuclides and from natural It possible investigate the influence of the air above an aircraft carrying the detector (skyshine: scattering of gamma in the air above the detector). In order reduce the influence of pile-up the count rates are low reaching levels the spectra be subtracted) would unacceptable counting statistical fluctuations. Sources selected for the calibrations are heavy minerals sand (with thorium and uranium), nitrate (with These sources 'bulk of radioactivity. Cesium-137 has as the basic artifical surface contamination also discusses methods for comparing two spectra a assumed equal. the properties of some materials that be used as 'air-substitutes' in the calibration setup been tested with respect to stability against moisture sorption. (au) This paper presents the design constant memory board for Rigaku X-ray fluorescence model This has used to analysis and materials characterization. It has been applied for elements instrumental in mineral, metallic, ceramic, environmental samples and alloys. The memory the sequence to be in the samples. It the continuous operation of the can used by system. spectroscopy data memory was by two permanent memory board magnetic cores. The new state static RAM, a data bus buffer, control a special circuit to supply continuous power the memory. (author) A new sounding rocket payload that has been developed X-ray spectroscopic the solar corona is described. The instrument incorporates grazing incidence Rowland mounted spectrograph and an extreme off-axis paraboloic sector feed system isolate of the of order 1 10 arc seconds size. The focal the spectrograph shared photographic systems, with the latter serving as part the rocket pointing system control Fabrication of the optical system is based on
 in the laboratory. The goal is tO build a simPle anD chEap LaBoraTory Setup that can prODuce Most of the gamma-ray data nEeded FoR An inTErPretaTion of sPEcTRA meAsUrEd 50 tO 120 m ABoVe groUnd Level. A sImple calibRatIoN setup has beeN BuIld and testEd. IT may produce gAmmA-ray spEcTra SImilaR to Those MeasurED in the Air - from suRfACe contAMinatioN WItH artIficial nuclides anD FrOM 'bulk' natural raDioactIvITy. iT Is pOssIble to inveStIgate THe influENcE OF The AIr above an aircRaft carryinG The DetectOr (SkySHine: scAtterInG Of gAmma photons In thE air above The detECtor). In oRDer to reDuce thE inFluEnce OF nOn-DetEcTEd pILe-Up tHE coUnt rates ArE kEpt loW witHOUT ReacHinG levEls whEre the backgroUnd SpecTRa (tO be suBtracTed) wOuLd cauSe unacCeptaBlE counting statisTicaL fluctuatIonS. SOurCeS seleCTed for The CalIbratioNs are heAVy mInERALs Sand (with thorium and UrANIuM), potassiUm nitrATe (WiTH 40 K). These sOuRceS are 'BULk souRces' OF nAtural raDioactIViTy. cesium-137 hAs Been seLeCteD as The baSIc arTificaL surface ContaMInation nuclide. tHe report also dIScUSSeS MethOds For comparinG two SPectRa a pRIoRi aSSumed Equal. fiNAlLY the properties of somE mAteriaLs thaT could be used aS 'air-substiTUTEs' in the cAlibRAtIOn setup have beeN testEd with respECt to stabIlity Against mOisture soRPTion. (au)

ThIs pApeR prEseNTS tHe design of a coNSTant MeMory boaRd fOr the RiGakU X-rAy fLuoReScence speCtroscopY, mOdEl 3064. thIs sPectrOScopy has BeEn uSeD to MinerAL analySis anD matErIaLS chAracterIZaTIOn. It HaS bEen aPplIeD for eLemeNTs iNstrumeNtal analySis IN minErAl, MetalliC, ceramic, envirOnMental sampLeS anD alloyS. tHe memory Board stores the elements sEQuence tO be AnalyZed iN the samplEs. IT allowS thE AutomaTic conTinuoUs OpeRATion oF THe SpeCtRoscopy and CAN be Used aS tEmpoRary regIster by the system. ThE SpeCtroscopy data MemOry wAS CoMpoSEd BY twO pERmaNENt memory board wiTh magnetic CoREs. the new memoRY boArD has a soLid statE statIC RAM, a daTa bus buffEr, control AnD a spECIal Circuit to sUpply conTinuous poWEr to tHE mEmory. (AutHor)

A neW sOunDing rOcket pAYloAd thaT has beEn DeveloPed foR X-Ray spectRoscopic studies of the solAr coroNa is dEscRibed. The iNstRUmeNt incorpoRateS a grazing iNciDenCe RowLanD MountEd grATiNg sPEctroGrapH And an extrEMe Off-AXIs Paraboloic sECTOr fEed sySteM To isolAte rEgions of the sun of oRDer 1 x 10 arc seconds In siZE. the FocAL surFaCe of the spectroGraPh IS Shared by PhOtographic aNd photoeLeCTric dEtectiOn systEms, with THE lATter seRvinG as A part of thE roCkET pointiNg SySTem conTrol LoOp. FabrIcatioN And aLIGnment of the opticAl sysTEM is baSEd oN
 in the laboratory. The go al is to b uilda s imp le  and  che ap laboratorys etup  that can produce most  of t he gamm a -r ay da ta need e df o r a nin ter pr e ta tionofspectra  measured50to  120 m above gr ound level . A  simple cali bra tion s et uph as be enbuild  and t e sted.It may pr od u ce gam m a-ray s p e ct ra s imilar to those m e as u red in the air  - fro ms ur f a cecon tamination  w ith a r tificia l  n u c l ide s  and from 'bu lk' natural rad ioacti vi ty. It ispossi bl e  to  investigat e th e influen ce oft he aira bove an  aircr aft  ca rryi n gth e d et e cto r  ( sky s hin e: scatt er in g ofgamm a p h oton s i n th e air  above the de tec tor) .  In  orde r toredu ce  theinflue nce o fnon-detected pi le-u p the cou ntra tes  a re ke p t lowwit hou t reach ing lev e lswh e r e  t he background spec tr a (t o be sub tracte d )wo u ld cause  u nac cept a b le co unti n gstatisti cal fl u ct ua tions.So urcesse lec ted  fort he c alibra tions ar e hea v y minerals san d  (with thoriu m  a n d  u r aniu m),  potassiumnitr a te ( with 40  K) .  Thes e sou rc e sa re 'bulk sources' o fnatura l rad ioactivity. C esium-137h a s  been se lect e da s the basic ar tific al surface contamin ation  nuclide . The rep o r t also d isc uss esmet h o ds  for comparin g twosp ectra a  pr iori as sum edequ al.  F inally th e proper ti es  o fsom e mat e rials th at  co ul d b e use d  as 'a ir-su bsti tu te s ' i n the c a li b r atio nse tuphav ebeentest e d w ith res pect to s tab i lity  a ga inst mo isture sorpti on . (au)

Th is  pa per pr e s ents the  design of a constant m e mory bo ard  fortheRigaku X- ray  fluor esc e nce sp ectros copy,  m ode l 3064. T hi s s pe ctroscopyh a s b een u se d to  minera l analysis and mat e ria ls characteri zat ion. I thas be e n a pp l ied f or elements ins trumentalan a ly sis in min e ral ,metalli c, cera mic,e nvironm ental sam ples andal loys . The  memory bo ard stor es the el e ments se quenc e t o be a na lyz ed in  the s a mpl es. I t allo ws  the a utoma ti c contin uous operation of the s pectro scopy  an d can beuse d  as  temporar y re gister bythe  sy stem.  Th e  spec tros c op y d a ta me mory was compo s ed  by t wo  permanentm e m ory  boar d w i th mag neti c cores. The newm emory board ha s as o lid  st a te s ta tic RAM, a dat a b us b uffer, c on trol and aspecialci r cuitto sup ply co ntinuou s po w er tothemem ory. (aut hor )A new s ou nd i ng roc ketpa yloadthat h a s be e n  developed for X -rays p ectro s cop ic st ud ies oft he s olar coron a is descri bed. T he i nstru ment in co rporat esagrazing in c idence Ro wland  mounte dgrat ing  spect rogr a p h and  anex tre me off-ax i s  p a ra bo l oic  sec tor f ee d sy stem to i s olate re gio n s of th esun o f orde r  1 x  10 arc se con ds in s ize. The f o cals ur f ace o f thespectr ographi s s ha red bypho t o graphic a nd photoe l ect ri c de tectionsy stem s,  wi th  the latter ser ving asa part o f the ro cke t  poi n ting s ys tem controlloop.  F a bricati o n  an d align m ent  of  th e op tic al s y stem is based on
 in_the laboratory._The goal is to_build a_simple_and cheap_laboratory_setup that can_produce most of_the gamma-ray data needed_for an interpretation_of_spectra measured 50 to 120 m above ground level. A simple calibration setup has_been_build and_tested._It_may produce gamma-ray spectra similar_to those measured in the_air -_from surface contamination with artificial nuclides and from_'bulk'_natural radioactivity. It_is possible to investigate the influence of the air_above an aircraft carrying the detector_(skyshine: scattering of_gamma_photons_in the air above_the detector). In order to reduce_the influence of non-detected pile-up the_count rates are kept low without reaching_levels where the background spectra (to_be subtracted) would cause unacceptable_counting statistical_fluctuations. Sources selected for the_calibrations are heavy_minerals sand_(with thorium and_uranium), potassium nitrate (with 40 K)._These sources are_'bulk sources' of natural radioactivity. Cesium-137_has_been selected as_the_basic_artifical surface_contamination nuclide. The_report_also discusses_methods_for comparing two spectra a priori_assumed_equal. Finally the properties of some materials_that could be used_as_'air-substitutes' in the calibration_setup have been tested with_respect to stability against moisture sorption._(au)

This paper_presents the_design of a constant memory board for the Rigaku X-ray fluorescence_spectroscopy, model 3064. This spectroscopy has_been used to mineral_analysis and_materials_characterization. It has_been_applied for_elements instrumental analysis in mineral, metallic, ceramic,_environmental samples_and alloys. The memory board stores_the elements sequence to_be_analyzed in the samples. It allows_the automatic continuous operation of the_spectroscopy and can be used_as_temporary_register by the system. The_spectroscopy data memory was composed by_two permanent memory_board with magnetic cores. The new memory_board_has a solid state static RAM,_a_data bus buffer, control and a_special_circuit_to supply continuous power to_the memory. (author)

A new sounding rocket_payload that has been developed for X-ray spectroscopic studies_of the solar_corona is described. The instrument_incorporates_a_grazing incidence Rowland mounted grating spectrograph and an extreme off-axis_paraboloic sector_feed system to_isolate regions of the sun of order 1 x 10_arc seconds in size. The focal surface_of the spectrograph is shared by photographic and photoelectric detection systems,_with the latter serving as a part of_the rocket pointing system control loop. Fabrication_and alignment of the_optical_system is based on