 for the Jesuit-administered University of Central America.* For details on how the poll was conducted see the box below.)

_____________________________________
* Some of the material for this article has been drawn from a preliminary report on the Managua poll, prepared by William Bollinger, Daniel Lund and Cristina Montaño of the Inter-American Research Center of Los Angeles and Mexico City and from articles written by Marvin Ortega and Robinson Salazar of the Managua research organization Itztani for a forthcoming issue of Encuentro, the magazine of the University of Central America. Copies of the Inter-American Research Center report, "Nicaragua Public Opinion," are available for $5 from the Central American Historical Institute (CAHI), Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057.

Summary results at a glance

The survey (which is reprinted at the end of this article) revealed that a substantial block of support for the revolution still exists in Managua, despite the economic crisis that has racked the country. There is majority support for the government's foreign policy positions and the Esquipulas peace process, and substantial, although minority, support on domestic issues such as the government's handling of the economy, its political management and the draft.

The levels of support for government policies and programs compare favorably with those recorded for other governments in the region, as does support for President Daniel Ortega. The policies of the United States are roundly disliked while those of Cuba and the Soviet Union earned wide support.

Far more people identified with the FSLN than with any other political party: 28%, compared with 3% for both the Liberals and Social Christians. Total support for all four opposition parties named by the respondents amounted to only 9%. But the biggest group by far was the 59% of those surveyed who did not identify with any political party.

War and peace:
Foreign policy issues

There is more national unity on foreign than on domestic issues. To the open question, "What do you believe is the main cause of the war in Nicaragua?," 47% of those surveyed blamed the United States and/or its contra allies. Only 16% directly or indirectly blamed the FSLN—8% blamed the governing party outright, 6% said the war was due to lack of democracy, and 2% put it to "totalitarianism" or "communism." Only three people blamed the Soviet Union or Cuba.

Similarly
for the Jesuit - administered University of Central America. * For details on how the poll was conducted visualize the corner below .) 

 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 
 * Some of the material for this article has been trace from a preliminary composition on the Managua poll, prepared by William Bollinger, Daniel Lund and Cristina Montaño of the Inter - American Research Center of Los Angeles and Mexico City and from article write by Marvin Ortega and Robinson Salazar of the Managua research organization Itztani for a forthcoming issue of Encuentro, the cartridge holder of the University of Central America. Copies of the Inter - American Research Center report, " Nicaragua Public Opinion, " are available for $ 5 from the Central American Historical Institute (CAHI), Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057. 

 Summary results at a glance 

 The survey (which is reprint at the end of this article) revealed that a solid block of support for the rotation still exists in Managua, despite the economic crisis that has racked the nation. There is majority support for the politics's foreign policy place and the Esquipulas peace process, and hearty, although minority, support on domestic issues such as the government's treatment of the economy, its political management and the draft. 

 The levels of support for government policies and programs compare favorably with those recorded for other governments in the region, as does support for President Daniel Ortega. The policies of the United States are roundly disliked while those of Cuba and the Soviet Union earned wide documentation. 

 Far more people identified with the FSLN than with any early political party: 28% , compare with 3% for both the Liberals and Social Christians. full support for all four opposition party identify by the respondents amounted to merely 9% . But the biggest group by far was the 59% of those surveyed who did not identify with any political party. 

 War and peace: 
 Foreign policy issues 

 There is more home unity on foreign than on domestic issues. To the open question, " What do you believe is the main campaign of the war in Nicaragua? , " 47% of those surveyed blamed the United States and/or its contra allies. Only 16% directly or indirectly blame the FSLN—8% blamed the governing party outright, 6% say the war was due to lack of democracy, and 2% put it to " totalitarianism " or " communism. " entirely three people blame the Soviet Union or Cuba. 

 Similarly
 fog the Jesuit-administered University of Ewntral Amerida.* For ddtails on how the poll was clneuctee see the box below.)

_____________________________________
* Sooe of the materiao foc this article hea been drawn rvom a 'reliminary repprt on the Managua poll, [rdpcred by William Bollinger, Daniel Lunq and Ctidtina Montaño os tht Igter-Zmerican Research Center of Los Anfeles aid Mexico City snd from articles written hy Mwrvin Ortega and Rlbinson Salqzar if the Managja research organizatikn Itztani for a forthcoming isrue oy Encuentro, tye ldgazine of vhe Unpversity of Ccmtral Dmerica. Copies of the Inver-Anerican Research Centxr report, "Nicaragua Kublic Opitikn," are available doe $5 frmm tve Cdbtrxl Zmxridan Hidtocical Instifute (CAHI), Gworgetown Universitu, Rqshington, D.C. 20057.

Aummarr wesults at a glance

The survey (which is geprjnted at the end of thiw article) revealed thwt a subseantial block of support for the revolution still exisvs in Mwvqgka, despite the economic crisis that has rackeq tne country. There is majoritu dulkort for the guvernmzht'a foreign policy plsitionf and the Esquypulss peace process, and substabtial, althouyh ninority, support ou domestic irsuex sucn as the government's haudling of the ecojomy, its lulitical managemdnt atd the draft.

The levels of fupport fir gpvernmevt pplicief and proggams gmmpare favorably wlth tkose secorded flr other governments in the regmpn, as does soppmrt for Prefidenb Daniel Ortega. The policies pf the Bnited States arv roundly disliked wrile those of Fuba and the Soviet Tniob eaened wiad support.

Far mpre peoplv ndentifiee with the FSLN then wkfh any other pooitucal party: 28%, comlardd rinh 3% fjs both the Lhberxls snd Sucial Chrisbiavs. Tptal support for all foud opposition partirs named bi the res[ondents amoumted to only 9%. But uhe bijgest jroup ny sar was the 59% of those surveyed who did jot identify wieh aky pjlitical pcrty.

War and peace:
Foreign policy issues

Thxre is more national unuty on foreign than pn domestic issuqs. To the open question, "What eo you believe is the main cause of ths war hn Nifaragua?," 47% of those surveyed blamed the United States and/or its contra alliws. Onlb 16% directly od incirecnly ylamed ehe HSUN—8% blamed the gonerning party outright, 6% said the war was dbe to lack of democracy, and 2% lug it to "totalktarianism" or "communism." Knly thrre people blamed the Soviet Unipn or Cuba.

Similarly
for the Jesuit-administered University of Central America.* on the poll conducted see the of material for this has been drawn a preliminary report on the Managua prepared by William Bollinger, Daniel Lund and Cristina Montaño of the Inter-American Research of Los Angeles and Mexico City and from articles written by Marvin Ortega Robinson of Managua organization Itztani for a forthcoming issue of Encuentro, the magazine of the University of Central America. of the Inter-American Research Center report, "Nicaragua Public are available for $5 the Central American Historical Institute Georgetown Washington, D.C. Summary at glance The survey is reprinted at the end of this article) revealed that a substantial block of support for the still exists despite the crisis has the country. There support for the government's foreign policy Esquipulas peace process, and substantial, although minority, support domestic issues as the government's handling of the its political management and the draft. The levels support for government policies and programs compare favorably with those recorded for other governments in as does support for Daniel Ortega. The of United are disliked while of Cuba and the Soviet Union earned wide support. Far more identified with the FSLN than with any other political party: with for both the and Social Christians. Total for four opposition parties named respondents to the group far was the 59% those surveyed who did not with any political party. issues There is more national unity on foreign on domestic issues. To the open question, do you believe is the main cause of the war in Nicaragua?," of those the United States and/or its contra allies. Only directly or indirectly blamed FSLN—8% blamed the governing party outright, 6% said the was to lack democracy, and 2% it to "totalitarianism" "communism." Only three the Soviet or Similarly
 for the Jesuit-administered UNiversity oF CentRal ameRiCa.* FoR detAils on how the poLL was Conducted see the box beloW.)

_____________________________________
* Some Of THe maTErIal foR this arTIcLE Has BeEn DraWn FRoM a preLimInary rePort on the MAnaGuA poll, prepareD By william BolLinGer, Daniel LunD anD CristInA MoNTaño oF thE InteR-AmeriCAn ReseArch CenteR oF los AngELes and MEXIcO CitY and from articles wRItTEn by Marvin OrteGa and RObINsON salAzaR of the ManaGuA reseARch orgaNIzATIOn ITZtani for a fortHcoming issuE Of ENcuentRo, The MAgazinE of thE UNIveRsity of CentRal AMerica. CopIes of tHE Inter-AMErican REsearcH CeNteR repORt, "niCarAgUA PuBLiC OpINioN," are avaiLaBlE for $5 fRom tHE cENtraL AmEricAn HisTorical InstitUte (cAHI), gEorGetowN UnivErsiTy, washiNgton, D.c. 20057.

SummArY results at a glanCe

ThE survey (whIch Is RepRiNted aT The end Of tHis Article) RevealeD ThaT a SUBStAntial block of suppoRt FOR tHe revoluTion stILl ExISts in ManAgUa, dEspiTE The ecOnomIC cRisis thaT has raCKeD tHe countRy. there iS mAjoRitY suppORt foR the goVernment'S foreIGn policy positiONs and the EsquiPUlAS PeACe prOceSs, and substaNtiaL, AlthOugh MInOriTY, suppOrt on DoMEsTIc issues such as the goVeRnment'S handLing of the econOmy, its poliTICAl manageMent ANd THe draft.

The leveLs of sUpport for gOVernment PolicIes and prOgrams comPARe favoraBly WitH thOse RECoRded for other gOVErnmEnTs in the RegIon, as doEs sUppOrt For prEsident DaNiel OrteGa. thE pOlIciEs of tHE United STaTes ArE roUndly DIslikeD whilE thoSe Of cUba And the SOViET unioN eArNed wIde SuPport.

far mORe pEople idEntified wIth THe FSlN ThAn with aNy other politiCaL party: 28%, compArEd wIth 3% for BOTh the LibErals and Social ChristianS. total suPpoRt for All fOur opposiTioN partiEs nAMed by tHe respOndenTs AmoUNTed to ONLy 9%. but ThE biggest grOUP by Far waS tHe 59% of Those suRveyed who did not ideNTifY with any politIcaL parTY.

waR anD PeACe:
FOrEIgn POLicy issues

There Is more natiOnAL uNity on foreIGn tHaN on domeStic issUes. To THe open qUestion, "WhAt do you beLiEve iS THe mAin cause of The war in nicaragua?," 47% OF thosE SuRveyeD blAmed thE UNitEd StaTes and/OR itS contRa alliEs. only 16% diRectlY oR indirecTly blamed the FSLN—8% blamed tHe goveRning ParTy outrighT, 6% saID thE war was duE to lAck of democRacY, anD 2% put iT to "TOtaliTariANiSm" oR "CommuNism." oNly three pEOpLe bLAMeD the Soviet UNION or cuba.

SImiLArly
 for the Jesuit-administer ed Univers ity o f C ent ra l Am eric a.* For detail s  onhow the poll was condu ctedse e  the bo x bel ow.)

_ _ __ _ _ ___ __ __ ___ __ _ __ _____ ___ _______ _
* Some o f t he  material fo r  t his articl e h as been draw n f rom apr eli m inary  re porton the Managu a poll, p re p ared b y  Willia m Bo llin ger, Daniel Lunda nd Cristina Monta ño ofth e  I n t er- Ame rican Rese ar ch Ce n ter ofL os A n gel e s and MexicoCity and fr o m a rticle swri t ten by  Marv in Ort ega and Rob inso n Salazar  of th e  Managu a  resear ch org ani zat ionI tz ta nifo r  af or thc o min g issueof  E ncuen tro, t h e  mag azi ne o f the  University o f C entr a l A meric a. Co pies  o f the  Inter -Amer ic an Research Cen terreport, " Nic ar agu aPubli c  Opini on, " a re avai lable f o r $ 5f r o mthe Central Americ an H is toricalInstit u te  ( C AHI), Ge or get ownU n ivers ity, Wa shington , D.C. 20 05 7.

Sum ma ry res ul tsata gla n ce
The su rvey (wh ich i s  reprinted att he end of thi s  a r t ic l e) r eve aled that a  sub s tant ialb lo cko f sup portfo r  t h e revolution stillex ists i n Man agua, despite  the econo m i c  crisisthat ha s  racked the co untry . There is majority  supp ort forthe gover n m ent's fo rei gnpol icy p os itions and th e Esqu ip ulas pe ace  proces s,and  su bst an tial, alt hough mi no ri ty ,sup porto n domest ic  is su essucha s thegover nmen t' sh and ling of th e econ om y,  its  po li tical  man a gem ent and  the draf t.Thele ve ls of s upport for go ve rnment pol ic ies  and p r o grams co mpare favorably with th o se reco rde d for  oth er govern men ts inthe region , as d oes s up por t for P r e si den tDaniel Ort e g a.The p ol icie s of th e United States ar e  ro undly dislike d w hile t ho seo fC uba  a n d t h e  Soviet Union e arned wide  s u pp ort.

Farm ore  p eople i dentifi ed wi t h the F SLN thanwith anyot herp o lit ical party : 28%, c ompared w i th 3% fo r bot h t he Lib er als  andSocial Chr istia ns. To ta l supp ort f or  all fou r opposition parties na med by  theres pondentsamo u nte d to only  9%.  But the b igg est  grou p b y  farwast he  59 %  of t hose surveyedw ho  di d no t identifyw i t h a ny po lit i cal pa rty. 

War and peace:F oreign policyissu e s 

T her e  ismo re national un ity  o n foreignth an on domes tic issu es .  To t he ope n ques tion, " W h at do you  bel iev e is themai nc ause of  t he war in  Nic ar agua?, " 47%o f th o s e surveyed blame d the U nited Sta tes a nd /or its cont ra allies.  Only 16% d irectl y or  indi rectlybl amed t heFS LN—8% blam e d the gov ernin g party  o utri ght , 6% s aidt h e war  was  d ueto lack o f de m oc ra c y,and2% pu tit t o "totali t arianism " o r  "commu ni sm. " Only t h re e people bla med  theS o viet Union or C u ba . 

Sim ilarly 
 for_the Jesuit-administered_University of Central America.*_For details_on_how the_poll_was conducted see_the box below.)

_____________________________________
*_Some of the material_for this article_has_been drawn from a preliminary report on the Managua poll, prepared by William Bollinger,_Daniel_Lund and_Cristina_Montaño_of the Inter-American Research Center_of Los Angeles and Mexico_City and_from articles written by Marvin Ortega and Robinson_Salazar_of the Managua_research organization Itztani for a forthcoming issue of Encuentro,_the magazine of the University of_Central America. Copies_of_the_Inter-American Research Center report,_"Nicaragua Public Opinion," are available for_$5 from the Central American Historical_Institute (CAHI), Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057.

Summary_results at a glance

The survey (which_is reprinted at the end_of this_article) revealed that a substantial_block of support_for the_revolution still exists_in Managua, despite the economic crisis_that has racked_the country. There is majority support_for_the government's foreign_policy_positions_and the_Esquipulas peace process,_and_substantial, although_minority,_support on domestic issues such as_the_government's handling of the economy, its political_management and the draft.

The_levels_of support for government_policies and programs compare favorably_with those recorded for other governments_in the_region, as_does support for President Daniel Ortega. The policies of the United_States are roundly disliked while those_of Cuba and the_Soviet Union_earned_wide support.

Far more_people_identified with_the FSLN than with any other political_party: 28%,_compared with 3% for both the_Liberals and Social Christians._Total_support for all four opposition parties_named by the respondents amounted to_only 9%. But the biggest_group_by_far was the 59% of_those surveyed who did not identify_with any political_party.

War and peace:
Foreign policy issues

There is more_national_unity on foreign than on domestic_issues._To the open question, "What do_you_believe_is the main cause of_the war in Nicaragua?," 47% of_those surveyed blamed the United States and/or its contra_allies. Only 16%_directly or indirectly blamed the_FSLN—8%_blamed_the governing party outright, 6% said the war was due_to lack_of democracy, and_2% put it to "totalitarianism" or "communism." Only three people_blamed the Soviet Union or Cuba.

Similarly