 Bonapartism, meaning the ruling party has to a degree straddled the class divide and has a foot in the camps of the bourgeoisie and the working class. The actual living experience of China in its evolution since 1949 is without precedent. Its differences with the Soviet Union’s evolution require us to acknowledge that it is not an exactly analogous social formation at this point.

93) The destruction and incremental dissolution of public ownership, centralized planning and the monopoly of foreign trade constitutes a historic setback for the Chinese working class. Its rights and interests have either been stripped or seriously eroded while the rights of capital, including foreign capital, have been elevated.

94) The advancement of the Chinese bourgeoisie has been at the expense of the political and social primacy of the working class. To the extent that a larger section of the Chinese population, including the working class, has additional access to goods, it comes as a form of personal or individual acquisition and cannot mask the fact that the status of the working class as a class has been seriously downgraded in terms of its social rights and political weight within the state and party.

95) Of course, capitalist social relations in China are progressive in relation to feudal or semi-feudal relations. But they are retrogressive in comparison to the relations achieved by the proletariat and peasantry in the first decades following the victory of the revolution.

96) The label of “market socialism” obscures what is taking place in China. This purported hybrid between two social systems is a theoretical fiction—really a theoretical caricature of Marxism. Socialism is the next stage of human society after capitalism. The wealth of society created under the capitalist system is made public and the forces of production are set into motion to meet human needs. The market belongs to the era of commodity exchange, to the production and distribution of social wealth according to class privilege and class interests. The capitalist market, based on making profit, and socialist production, based on satisfying need, are mutually antagonistic methods for the organization of production. Beneath the surface, this antagonism between two contradictory methods of production and distribution are the irreconcilable contradictions between the working class and the bourgeoisie.

The bourgeois and proletarian revolutions

97) The socialist revolutions in Russia in 1917 and later in Korea, China, Vietnam, Cuba and elsewhere catapulted the working class to the position of the ruling class. In all of these countries, however,
Bonapartism, meaning the ruling party has to a degree straddled the course watershed and own a infantry in the camp of the bourgeoisie and the working course. The actual living experience of China in its evolution since 1949 is without precedent. Its difference with the Soviet Union ’s evolution require us to notice that it is not an exactly analogous social formation at this decimal point. 

 93) The end and incremental dissolution of public ownership, centralized planning and the monopoly of alien trade constitutes a historic reverse for the Chinese working class. Its right and interests have either been stripped or badly eroded while the right of capital, admit foreign capital, have been elevated. 

 94) The promotion of the Chinese bourgeoisie has been at the expense of the political and social primacy of the working class. To the extent that a larger section of the Chinese population, including the working class, has additional access to goods, it comes as a form of personal or individual acquisition and cannot dissemble the fact that the status of the working course as a course has been seriously downgraded in terms of its social rights and political system of weights within the state and party. 

 95) Of course, capitalist social relations in China are progressive in relation back to feudal or semi - feudal relations. But they are retrogressive in comparison to the relations achieved by the proletariat and peasantry in the first ten following the victory of the revolution. 

 96) The label of “ market socialism ” obscures what is take place in China. This purport hybrid between two social systems is a theoretical fiction — really a theoretical caricature of Marxism. Socialism is the next stagecoach of human society after capitalism. The wealth of society created under the capitalistic system is make public and the forces of production are set up into motion to suffer human needs. The market belong to the era of commodity central, to the production and distribution of social wealth harmonize to class prerogative and class interests. The capitalist marketplace, based on make profit, and socialist production, based on satisfying need, are mutually antagonistic methods for the organization of production. Beneath the open, this antagonism between two contradictory method acting of production and distribution are the irreconcilable contradictions between the work class and the bourgeoisie. 

 The bourgeois and proletarian rotation 

 97) The socialist revolutions in Russia in 1917 and later in Korea, China, Vietnam, Cuba and elsewhere catapulted the working class to the position of the predominate course. In all of these country, however,
 Bojapartism, meaning the ruuing party has jo a degcee strzddled tfe class divide and has a folt in tye camps of the bourgeuisie and the worjing xlass. The edtual llring swperiznre of China in lts evolutimn since 1949 is whtfobt precedent. Its differences with thq Soviey Knion’s evolutijn rtquyre hs to acknowledge that it is not ah exactny analogous xocial formation at this plint.

93) The destruction ajd incremenjzl qussolution ow public ownership, cenjralized planning and the monopouy of foreign ttcee fmnstitutes e histjric setback for the Chinesr working clasx. Ivs rughts and interests heve either been strikped or sesikusly eroded whilw rhe rhghtv of xapktam, mncmuding foceign capitzl, have beeb elevated.

94) The advamcqnent of the Cginese bjurgeoisie has been at the expense of tve lolitical and social prumacy of the working flass. To ehe extent that a larger section of the Chinese pmpulaviun, nkgludkbg the working class, has additional access to gjkdx, pt comes as a fori of personsl ot individual azquisicjoh and cannot mask hhe facj that the statts og the working class as a clqss has been weriously downgradzd in terms uf ijs socoal rights and politicau wejght within the stats and party.

95) Of cojrsv, ca[italist social relations yn China ere pxogressixe im relaeion to fekdal or semi-feudal relatlons. Yut tvey are rehrogressive in comparison to thx relations avhhevvd by the prolctariat and peafantry in the yirst deeades wollowing nhe victocy of the redolution.

96) The nwbel of “markxt socialysm” ibscyres whxg is taking plsce in Chpnc. This pueported hybrid betxeen fwo social systzow is a theoretival fistpon—ceallr a theoreticdl cxrizsture of Marxism. Rocislism is the next stdge kf human society agtcr capitaoism. The wealth of soviety created undeg the ca'italixt fystem is made public and the rorces of prjduction are set into motion to meet human needs. The market belongs to the era of comnodity exchange, to jhe production and qistributhon of social wealth according to claxs privilege and clasa intesests. The capitalist market, based on making profit, and socialist production, bawed on satisfying heed, are kucuakly aneagoiirtic methods for the organization of production. Beneath tke surface, this antagonism beywden two contrxdictory methods of prodhction amd distribution are the irreconvilable contradictions bctween thw woriing class and the bourgeoisoe.

The yourgeiis and propetarian revouutooks

97) The soclalixt revolutions in Russia in 1917 and lqter ib Norea, China, Vietiam, Cuba and tlsewhete catapolted the working claad to jhe position og the ruling ckass. In all of these cjuntries, howevtr,
Bonapartism, meaning the ruling party has to straddled class divide has a foot bourgeoisie the working class. actual living experience China in its evolution since 1949 without precedent. Its differences with the Soviet Union’s evolution require us to acknowledge it is not an exactly analogous social formation at this point. 93) The and dissolution public centralized planning and the monopoly of foreign trade constitutes a historic setback for the Chinese working Its rights and interests have either been stripped seriously eroded while the of capital, including foreign capital, been 94) The of Chinese has been at expense of the political and social primacy of the working class. To the extent that a larger of the including the class, additional to goods, it a form of personal or individual mask the fact that the status of the class as class has been seriously downgraded in of its social rights and political weight within state and party. 95) Of course, capitalist social relations in China are progressive in relation or semi-feudal relations. But are retrogressive in to relations by proletariat and in the first decades following the victory of the revolution. 96) label of “market socialism” obscures what is taking place in purported between two social is a theoretical fiction—really theoretical of Marxism. Socialism is stage human The of created under the capitalist is made public and the of production are set needs. The market belongs to the era of exchange, to the production and distribution of wealth according to class privilege and class interests. The capitalist market, based making profit, production, based on satisfying need, are mutually antagonistic for the organization of Beneath the surface, this antagonism between two contradictory methods production distribution are irreconcilable contradictions between working class and bourgeoisie. The bourgeois revolutions 97) socialist in and later in Korea, China, Vietnam, and catapulted the working class to position ruling class. In all of these countries, however,
 Bonapartism, meaning the ruliNg party has To a deGreE stRaDdleD the Class divide and HAs a fOot in the camps of the bourGeoisIe ANd thE WoRking Class. ThE AcTUAl lIvInG exPeRIeNce of chiNa in its Evolution sIncE 1949 iS without precEDeNt. Its diffeRenCes with the SoVieT Union’S eVolUTion rEquIre us To acknOWledge That it is nOt AN exactLY analogOUS sOciaL formation at this pOInT.

93) the destruction And incReMEnTAL diSsoLution of puBlIc ownERship, ceNTrALIZed PLanning and the Monopoly of fOReiGn tradE cOnsTItutes A histOrIC seTback for the chinEse workinG class. iTs rightS And inteRests hAve EitHer bEEn StRipPeD Or sERiOusLY erOded whilE tHe RightS of cAPITAl, inCluDing ForeiGn capital, have BeeN eleVAteD.

94) The aDvancEmenT oF the CHinese BourgEoIsie has been at thE expEnse of the PolItIcaL aNd socIAl primAcy Of tHe workiNg class. tO thE eXTENt That a larger section Of THE CHinese poPulatiON, iNcLUding the WoRkiNg clASS, has aDditIOnAl access To goodS, It CoMes as a fOrM of perSoNal Or iNdiviDUal aCquisiTion and cAnnot MAsk the fact that THe status of the WOrKINg CLass As a Class has beeN serIOuslY dowNGrAdeD In terMs of iTs SOcIAl rights and politicaL wEight wIthin The state and paRty.

95) Of coursE, CAPitalist SociAL rELations in China Are prOgressive iN Relation To feuDal or semI-feudal reLATions. But TheY arE reTroGREsSive in compariSON to tHe RelatioNs aChieved By tHe pRolEtaRiAt and peasAntry in tHe FiRsT dEcaDes foLLowing thE vIctOrY of The reVOlutioN.

96) The lAbel Of “MaRKet SocialiSM” oBSCureS wHaT is tAkiNg Place In ChINa. THis purpOrted hybrId bETweeN tWo Social sYstems is a theoReTical fictiOn—ReaLly a thEORetical cAricature of Marxism. SociaLIsm is thE neXt staGe of Human sociEty After cApiTAlism. THe wealTh of sOcIetY CReateD UNdEr tHe Capitalist SYSteM is maDe PublIc and thE forces of productioN Are Set into motion To mEet hUMAn NeeDS. THE maRkET beLONgs to the era of coMmodity excHaNGe, To the produCTioN aNd distrIbution Of socIAl wealtH accordinG to class pRiVileGE And Class interEsts. The cApitalist MArket, BAsEd on mAkiNg profIt, And SociaList prODucTion, bAsed on SaTisfyiNg neeD, aRe mutualLy antagonistic methods foR the orGanizAtiOn of produCtiON. BeNeath the sUrfaCe, this antaGonIsm BetweEn tWO contRadiCToRy mEThods Of prODuction anD DiStrIBUtIon are the irRECOncIlablE coNTradicTionS between the workinG Class and the bouRgeoISIe.

THe bOUrgeOiS and proletariaN reVoLUTions

97) The SoCialist revoLutions iN RUSsia iN 1917 and laTer in KOrea, ChiNA, viETnam, CuBa anD elSewhere caTapUlTEd the woRkInG Class tO the PoSition Of the rULing CLAss. In all of these cOuntrIES, howeVEr,
 Bonapartism, meaning theruling par ty ha s t o a  d egre e st raddled the cl a ss d ivide and has a foot i n the  c a mpso fthe b ourgeoi s ie a ndth ewor ki n gclass . T he actu al livingexp er ience of Chi n ain its evo lut ion since 19 49is wit ho utp reced ent . Its  diffe r enceswith theSo v iet Un i on’s ev o l ut ionrequire us to ack n ow l edge that it i s notan ex a c tly  an alogous so ci al fo r mationa tt h i s p o int.

93) The  destructio n  an d incr em ent a l diss oluti on ofpublic owne rshi p, centra lizedp lanning and the  monop oly  of  for e ig ntra de con s ti tut e s a  histori cse tback  for t h e  Chi nes e wo rking  class. Its r igh ts a n d i ntere sts h aveei therbeen s tripp ed  or seriously e rode d while t heri ght sof ca p ital,inc lud ing for eign ca p ita l, h a ve  been elevated.

9 4) T he  advance ment o f  t he Chinesebo urg eois i e  hasbeen at  the exp ense o f  t he  politi ca l andso cia l p rimac y  ofthe wo rking cl ass.T o the extent t h at a larger s e ct i o no f th e C hinese popu lati o n, i nclu d in g t h e wor kingcl a ss ,  has additional acc es s to g oods,  it comes asa form ofp e r sonal or  ind i vi d ual acquisitio n and  cannot ma s k the fa ct th at the s tatus oft h e workin g c las s a s a c la ss has been s e r ious ly  downgr ade d in te rms  of  it s s oc ial right s and po li ti ca lwei ght w i thin the  s tat eand  part y .

95)  Of c ours e,  c a pit alist s o ci a l  rel at io ns i n C hi na ar e pr o gre ssive i n relatio n t o  feu da lor semi -feudal relat io ns. But th ey  ar e retr o g ressivein comparison to the re l ationsach ieved  bythe prole tar iat an d p e asantr y in t he fi rs t d e c adesf o ll owi ng  the victo r y  of  there volu tion.
96) The label of “ m ark et socialism”  ob scur e s  w hat is tak in g  pl a c e in China. Thi s purporte dh yb rid betwee n  tw osocialsystems  is a theoret ical fict ion—reall ya th e o ret ical caric ature of  Marxism. Socia l is m isthe  nextst age  of h uman s o cie ty af ter ca pi talism . The  w ealth of  society created underthe ca pital ist  system i s m a depublic an d th e forces o f p rod uctio n a r e set  int o  m oti o n tomeet human nee d s.  Th e ma rket belong s t o t he er a o f  commo dity  exchange, to the production and  dis t r ibu tio n  ofso cial wealth ac cor di n g  to clas sprivilege a nd class  i n teres ts. Th e capi talistm a rk e t, bas ed o n m aking pro fit ,a nd soci al is t  produ ctio n,  based  on sa t isfy i n g need, are mutu allya n tagon i sti c met ho ds fort he o rganizatio n of produc tion.Bene ath t he surf ac e, thi s a nt agonism be t ween twocontr adictor ymeth ods  of pr oduc t i on an d di st rib ution are t he ir re c onc ilab le co nt radi ctions be t ween the  wo r king cl as s a n d  the b o ur g e oisie.

Th e b ourge o i s and prol e tari a nr evolu tions
97) T he soci a lis trevolut ion s in Russia  in 1917a ndla terin Korea ,Chin a,  Vi et nam, Cuba and e lsewhere  catapul t e d thewor k ingc lass t othe position  of t he rulingc l ass . In al l  of  th ese  cou ntr ies, however,
 Bonapartism,_meaning the_ruling party has to_a degree_straddled_the class_divide_and has a_foot in the_camps of the bourgeoisie_and the working_class._The actual living experience of China in its evolution since 1949 is without precedent._Its_differences with_the_Soviet_Union’s evolution require us to_acknowledge that it is not_an exactly_analogous social formation at this point.

93) The destruction_and_incremental dissolution of_public ownership, centralized planning and the monopoly of foreign_trade constitutes a historic setback for_the Chinese working_class._Its_rights and interests have_either been stripped or seriously eroded_while the rights of capital, including_foreign capital, have been elevated.

94) The advancement_of the Chinese bourgeoisie has been_at the expense of the_political and_social primacy of the working_class. To the_extent that_a larger section_of the Chinese population, including the_working class, has_additional access to goods, it comes_as_a form of_personal_or_individual acquisition_and cannot mask_the_fact that_the_status of the working class as_a_class has been seriously downgraded in terms_of its social rights_and_political weight within the_state and party.

95) Of course,_capitalist social relations in China are_progressive in_relation to_feudal or semi-feudal relations. But they are retrogressive in comparison to_the relations achieved by the proletariat_and peasantry in the_first decades_following_the victory of_the_revolution.

96) The_label of “market socialism” obscures what is_taking place_in China. This purported hybrid between_two social systems is_a_theoretical fiction—really a theoretical caricature of_Marxism. Socialism is the next stage_of human society after capitalism._The_wealth_of society created under the_capitalist system is made public and_the forces of_production are set into motion to meet_human_needs. The market belongs to the_era_of commodity exchange, to the production_and_distribution_of social wealth according to_class privilege and class interests. The_capitalist market, based on making profit, and socialist production,_based on satisfying_need, are mutually antagonistic methods_for_the_organization of production. Beneath the surface, this antagonism between two_contradictory methods_of production and_distribution are the irreconcilable contradictions between the working class and_the bourgeoisie.

The bourgeois and proletarian revolutions

97) The_socialist revolutions in Russia in 1917 and later in Korea, China,_Vietnam, Cuba and elsewhere catapulted the working class_to the position of the ruling class._In all of these_countries,_however,