ogenesis associated with urogenital schistosomiasis.

Abstract

Endometriosis of the lung and the diaphragm is rare. Patients may present with symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest pain, and shoulder pain or they may be asymptomatic. Of note, there have been few reports of bilateral catamenial disease, and no reports, to our knowledge, of bilateral pathology proven pulmonary parenchymal endometriosis.A 43-year-old with stage IV endometriosis and large leiomyoma underwent a laparoscopic hysterectomy and treatment of endometrial lesions in 2005. In March and April of 2011, she presented with bilateral pneumothoraces. She subsequently underwent video-assisted thoracoscopy as well as resection and fulguration of bilateral lung and diaphragmatic endometriosis. Pathology confirmed endometrial implants in the lung parenchyma bilaterally.Catamenial pneumothorax is the most common presentation of thoracic endometriosis. However, bilateral catamenial pneumothoraces are rare. To the best of our knowledge, this case reflects the first report of pathology proven bilateral lung and diaphragm endometriosis.

Abstract

Vertebrate tissues comprise precise admixtures of parenchymal and hematopoietic cells, whose interactions are vital to proper tissue function. By regulating this interaction, vertebrates are able to mitigate environmental stress and coordinate dramatic physiologic adaptations. For instance, under conditions of chronic nutrient excess, leukocyte recruitment and activation increase in an effort to decrease excess nutrient storage and alleviate adipocyte stress. While basal equilibria may be reestablished upon normalization of nutrient intake, a new set point characterized by insulin resistance and chronic inflammation is established if the stress persists. Consequently, although this response is adaptive in settings of acute overfeeding and infection, it has catastrophic health consequences in the modern context of obesity. Understanding how leukocyte set points (numbers and activation status) are established, maintained, and regulated in tissues is, thus, critical to our understanding of, and intervention in, chronic metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes.

Abstract

Obesity and its attendant metabolic disorders represent the great public health challenge of our time. Recent evidence suggests that onset of inflammation in metabolic tissues pathogenically links obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In this review, we briefly summarize the extant literature, paying special attention to the central role of the tissue-associated macrophage in the initiation of metabolic inflammation. We argue that rather than representing simple inflammatory disease, obesity and metabolic syndrome represent derangements in macrophage activation with concomitant loss of metabolic coordination. As such
ogenesis associated with urogenital schistosomiasis. 

 Abstract 

 Endometriosis of the lung and the diaphragm is rare. Patients may present with symptoms such as abruptness of hint, thorax pain, and shoulder pain or they may be asymptomatic. Of notice, there have been few reports of bilateral catamenial disease, and no reports, to our cognition, of bilateral pathology rise pneumonic parenchymal endometriosis. A 43 - class - old with stage IV endometriosis and big leiomyoma underwent a laparoscopic hysterectomy and treatment of endometrial lesions in 2005. In March and April of 2011, she give with bilateral pneumothoraces. She subsequently underwent video - assisted thoracoscopy as well as resection and fulguration of bilateral lung and diaphragmatic endometriosis. Pathology confirmed endometrial implant in the lung parenchyma bilaterally. Catamenial pneumothorax is the most common display of thoracic endometriosis. However, bilateral catamenial pneumothoraces are rare. To the best of our knowledge, this case reflects the inaugural report of pathology proven bilateral lung and diaphragm endometriosis. 

 Abstract 

 Vertebrate tissues comprise precise mix of parenchymal and hematopoietic cells, whose interactions are vital to proper tissue function. By regulating this interaction, vertebrates are able to mitigate environmental stress and coordinate dramatic physiologic adaptations. For instance, under conditions of chronic nutrient excess, leukocyte recruitment and activation increase in an effort to decrease excess alimentary storehouse and alleviate adipocyte tension. While basal balance may be restore upon normalization of nutrient intake, a new set point characterized by insulin resistance and chronic excitement is established if the stress persists. Consequently, although this response is adaptive in settings of acute overfeeding and contagion, it has catastrophic health consequences in the modern context of obesity. Understanding how leukocyte set points (number and energizing status) are established, maintained, and regulated in tissues is, thus, critical to our understanding of, and intervention in, chronic metabolic disease, such as obesity and diabetes. 

 Abstract 

 Obesity and its attendant metabolic disorderliness represent the great public health challenge of our prison term. Recent evidence suggest that onset of excitement in metabolic tissues pathogenically associate obesity to insulin electric resistance and type 2 diabetes. In this revue, we briefly summarize the extant literature, pay special attention to the central role of the tissue - associated macrophage in the initiation of metabolic inflammation. We argue that rather than representing simple inflammatory disease, fleshiness and metabolic syndrome represent derangements in macrophage energizing with concomitant loss of metabolic coordination. As such
ogejesis associated with urugenital schistosomiasms.

Abstrzct

Endomdtriosis of the lung and the duaphrqgm is rare. Patients mxy presenn with synptonw such as shortness of bdcath, ehxst pain, and shpulder pait or they may te adymptomatic. Of note, there have been few relogts of bilaterwl cseamehpao disease, and no reports, to ohr knownedge, of bilayeral pathology proven pullonagy parenchymal endlmetriosis.A 43-yeaw-ild with staee IV endometriosis ans large leiomyoma underwent a lxparoxcopic hysjzeechmmy and treetment of endometrlsl leshons in 2005. In March and Apcil if 2011, she presented witi bilateral pneumothjraces. Sha aubsequently undeewwnt vhdeo-dssirred thkrecoacopy ws xell as ressction and dulguration of bilauerwo lung and dizphragiaeic endometriosis. Pathology confirmed etdojetrial implants in the lung parenchyma bilajerally.Catwmenial pneumothorax is the most common presentathon oh ghoxqcic dbdlmetriosis. However, bilateral catamenial pneumjfhprsces are rare. Bo the best of our kjoejedge, this care reflecfs the first reporh of pajhologt proven filayeral lung and diaphragm eneometriosis.

Aysteact

Vertebrate tisdues comprire ptecise admixtures of parenchyoal znd hematoplietic cemus, whose interacgioks dre vital to proper tissue function. By xegulativg tnis ineeraction, gertensates are able to litigcte etvironmentwl stress and coordinate dramatmr physiologic agapnations. Fjr inxtance, under sonditions of ehronic uutrievt excess, meukocyve recruitmegt and activadlon increase in an esforr to decreard excess nutrirnt storayt and alleciate adipocyte stvess. Dgile basal equioibtua may be reesyabuisref npon gmrmalization of vutfoent kntake, a nec ret loint characterized ty ihsulin resistance snq chronix inflamiation is estsblished if the stgess 'ersisvs. Conxeqoently, although this response ia adaptivf ik settings of acube oderfeeding and infection, it has catastrophic healvh consequences in the nodern context of oyexity. Undersvandind how leunocyte set points (nunbers and activatlon status) are establiahed, mdintalned, and regulated in tissues is, thus, critical to our understanding of, ane intecvqntion in, cgronoc menabjkic difeasxs, such as obesity and diabetes.

Abstract

Obesity anv its attetdcnt metabolic disorders reprexevt the great kublic health challenge of our timr. Recent evidence suggests that onset of inflammation ik metaboluc tiasues iztiogenically links obrsity co insylin rewistwnce and type 2 doanetes. In tjis cevnew, we briefly summarize the extabt litwrwture, paying sperial attentilk to tge cenjral role of the fisshf-assoziated macropnage in the inotiation of metabolib igflammation. We zrgue that rsther tvan represenving simple hnflammatory disease, obesity and metabolic syndrome represenu derangemxnts in macropnege activation with concpmytant lors of metabonic coordination. As such
ogenesis associated with urogenital schistosomiasis. Abstract Endometriosis lung the diaphragm rare. Patients may shortness breath, chest pain, shoulder pain or may be asymptomatic. Of note, there been few reports of bilateral catamenial disease, and no reports, to our knowledge, bilateral pathology proven pulmonary parenchymal endometriosis.A 43-year-old with stage IV endometriosis and large underwent laparoscopic and of endometrial lesions in 2005. In March and April of 2011, she presented with bilateral pneumothoraces. subsequently underwent video-assisted thoracoscopy as well as resection fulguration of bilateral lung diaphragmatic endometriosis. Pathology confirmed endometrial in lung parenchyma pneumothorax the common presentation of endometriosis. However, bilateral catamenial pneumothoraces are rare. To the best of our knowledge, this case reflects the report of bilateral lung diaphragm Abstract tissues comprise precise parenchymal and hematopoietic cells, whose interactions proper tissue function. By regulating this interaction, vertebrates able to environmental stress and coordinate dramatic physiologic For instance, under conditions of chronic nutrient excess, recruitment and activation increase in an effort to decrease excess nutrient storage and alleviate adipocyte basal equilibria may be upon normalization of intake, new point by insulin and chronic inflammation is established if the stress persists. Consequently, although response is adaptive in settings of acute overfeeding and infection, catastrophic consequences in the context of obesity. Understanding leukocyte points (numbers and activation established, and is, critical our understanding of, and in, chronic metabolic diseases, such obesity and diabetes. Abstract disorders represent the great public health challenge of time. Recent evidence suggests that onset of in metabolic tissues pathogenically links obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 In this briefly summarize the extant literature, paying special attention the central role of tissue-associated macrophage in the initiation of metabolic inflammation. We that than representing inflammatory disease, obesity metabolic syndrome represent in macrophage activation loss of coordination. such
ogenesis associated with uroGenital schIstosOmiAsiS.

ABstrAct

ENdometriosis of THe luNg and the diaphragm is rarE. PatiEnTS may PReSent wIth sympTOmS SUch As ShOrtNeSS oF breaTh, cHest paiN, and shouldEr pAiN or they may be ASyMptomatic. OF noTe, there have bEen Few repOrTs oF BilatEraL cataMenial DIsease, And no repoRtS, To our kNOwledge, OF BiLateRal pathology proveN PuLMonary parenchyMal endOmETrIOSis.a 43-yeAr-old with sTaGe IV eNDometriOSiS AND laRGe leiomyoma unDerwent a lapARosCopic hYsTerECtomy aNd treAtMEnt Of endometriAl leSions in 2005. In march aND April oF 2011, She presEnted wIth BilAterAL pNeUmoThORacES. SHe sUBseQuently uNdErWent vIdeo-ASSISted ThoRacoScopy As well as resecTioN and FUlgUratiOn of bIlatErAl lunG and diAphraGmAtic endometriosIs. PaThology coNfiRmEd eNdOmetrIAl implAntS in The lung ParenchYMa bIlATERaLly.Catamenial pneumOtHORaX is the moSt commON pReSEntation Of ThoRaciC ENdomeTrioSIs. however, bIlaterAL cAtAmenial PnEumothOrAceS arE rare. tO the Best of Our knowlEdge, tHIs case reflects THe first report OF pATHoLOgy pRovEn bilateral Lung ANd diAphrAGm EndOMetriOsis.

ABsTRaCT

Vertebrate tissues cOmPrise pRecisE admixtures of ParenchymaL AND hematopOietIC cELls, whose interaCtionS are vital tO Proper tiSsue fUnction. BY regulatiNG This inteRacTioN, veRteBRAtEs are able to miTIGate EnVironmeNtaL stress And CooRdiNatE dRamatic phYsiologiC aDaPtAtIonS. For iNStance, unDeR coNdItiOns of CHronic NutriEnt eXcEsS, LeuKocyte rECrUITmenT aNd ActiVatIoN incrEase IN an Effort tO decrease ExcESs nuTrIeNt storaGe and alleviatE aDipocyte stReSs. WHile baSAL equilibRia may be reestablished upON normalIzaTion oF nutRient intaKe, a New set PoiNT charaCterizEd by iNsUliN REsistANCe And ChRonic inflaMMAtiOn is eStAbliShed if tHe stress persists. CoNSeqUently, althougH thIs reSPOnSe iS AdAPtiVe IN seTTIngs of acute overFeeding and InFEcTion, it has cATasTrOphic heAlth conSequeNCes in thE modern coNtext of obEsIty. UNDErsTanding how LeukocytE set pointS (NumbeRS aNd actIvaTion stAtUs) aRe estAblishED, maIntaiNed, and ReGulateD in tiSsUes is, thuS, critical to our understanDing of, And inTerVention in, ChrONic Metabolic DiseAses, such as ObeSitY and dIabETes.

AbStraCT

OBesITy and Its aTTendant meTAbOliC DIsOrders repreSENT thE greaT puBLic heaLth cHallenge of our time. rEcent evidence sUggeSTS thAt oNSet oF iNflammation in mEtaBoLIC tissues PaThogenicallY links obEsITy to iNsulin ResistAnce and TYPe 2 DIabeteS. In tHis Review, we bRieFlY SummariZe ThE Extant LiteRaTure, paYing spECial ATTention to the centRal roLE Of the TIssUe-assOcIated maCRophAge in the inItiation of mEtabolIc inFlammAtion. We ArGue thaT raThEr than reprESenting siMple iNflammaToRy diSeaSe, obesIty aND MetabOlic SyNdrOme represENT dERaNgEMenTs in MacroPhAge aCtivation WIth concoMitANt loss oF mEtaBOLic cooRDiNATion. As such
ogenesis associated with u rogenitalschis tos omi as is.
Abs tract

Endomet r iosi s of the lung and thediaph ra g m is ra re. P atients ma y pre se nt  wi th sy mptom s s uch asshortnessofbr eath, chestp ai n, and sho uld er pain or t hey  may b easy m ptoma tic . Ofnote,t here h ave beenfe w  repor t s of bi l a te ralcatamenial diseas e ,a nd no reports,  to ou rk no w l edg e,of bilater al  path o logy pr o ve n p ulm o nary parenchy mal endomet r ios is.A 4 3- yea r -old w ith s ta g e I V endometri osis  and larg e leio m yoma un d erwenta lapa ros cop ic h y st er ect om y  an d  t rea t men t of end om et riallesi o n s in 2 005 . In  Marc h and April o f 2 011, she  pres ented  wit hbilat eral p neumo th oraces. She sub sequ ently und erw en t v id eo-as s istedtho rac oscopyas well asre s e c ti on and fulguration  o f bi laterallung a n ddi a phragmat ic  en dome t r iosis . Pa t ho logy con firmed en do metrial  i mplant sinthe  lung pare nchyma  bilater ally. C atamenial pneu m othorax is th e  m o s tc ommo n p resentation  oft hora cice nd ome t riosi s. Ho we v er ,  bilateral catameni al  pneum othor aces are rare . To the b e s t  of ourknow l ed g e, this case r eflec ts the fir s t report  of p athology  proven b i l ateral l ung  an d d iap h r ag m endometrios i s .

A bs tract
Ver tebrate  ti ssu escom pr ise preci se admix tu re sof  pa rench y mal andhe mat op oie tic c e lls, w hoseinte ra ct i ons  are vi t al t o pr op er  tis sue  f uncti on.B y r egulati ng this i nte r acti on ,vertebr ates are able  t o mitigate  e nvi ronmen t a l stress  and coordinate dramati c  physio log ic ad apta tions. Fo r i nstanc e,u nder c onditi ons o fchr o n ic nu t r ie ntex cess, leuk o c yte  recr ui tmen t and a ctivation increase inan effort todec reas e ex ces s  n u tri en t  st o r age and allevia te adipocy te st ress. Whil e  ba sa l equil ibria m ay be reestab lished up on normal iz atio n ofnutrient i ntake, a  new setp ointc ha racte riz ed byin sul in re sistan c e a nd ch ronicin flamma tionis  establi shed if the stress pers ists.Conse que ntly, alt hou g h t his respo nseis adaptiv e i n s ettin gso f acu te o v er fee d ing a nd i n fection,i thas c at astrophic h e a l thconse que n ces in  the  modern context o f  obesity. Unde rsta n d ing  ho w  leu ko cyte set point s ( nu m b ers andac tivation st atus) ar ee stabl ished,  maint ained,a n dr egulat ed i n t issues is , t hu s , criti ca lt o ourunde rs tandin g of,a nd i n t ervention in, ch ronic m etabo l icdisea se s, such as o besity and  diabetes.
Abstr act
Obes ity and  i ts att end an t metaboli c  disorder s rep resentth e gr eat  publi c he a l th ch alle ng e o f our tim e .  R e ce nt evi denc e sug ge ststhat onse t  of infl amm a tion in  m eta b o lic ti s su e s  pathogeni cal ly li n k s obesityt o in s ul i n res istanc e andtype 2d iab et es. Inthi s review, w e briefly sum ma rize  the ext an t li te rat ur e, paying speci al atten tion tot h e cent ral role of the  t issue-associ atedma c rophage i n t he init i ati onofmeta bol ic i n flammation. We argue tha t ra thert han  repr esent in g simple infl ammatory disease, obes ity and metabol i c s y ndro mer ep re sent dera nge m entsin m acr opha geacti v a tion with co ncom itantloss  o fmetabolic  c oordina t ion. Assuch 
ogenesis associated_with urogenital_schistosomiasis.

Abstract

Endometriosis of the lung_and the_diaphragm_is rare._Patients_may present with_symptoms such as_shortness of breath, chest_pain, and shoulder_pain_or they may be asymptomatic. Of note, there have been few reports of bilateral_catamenial_disease, and_no_reports,_to our knowledge, of bilateral_pathology proven pulmonary parenchymal endometriosis.A_43-year-old with_stage IV endometriosis and large leiomyoma underwent a_laparoscopic_hysterectomy and treatment_of endometrial lesions in 2005. In March and April_of 2011, she presented with bilateral_pneumothoraces. She subsequently_underwent_video-assisted_thoracoscopy as well as_resection and fulguration of bilateral lung_and diaphragmatic endometriosis. Pathology confirmed endometrial_implants in the lung parenchyma bilaterally.Catamenial pneumothorax_is the most common presentation of_thoracic endometriosis. However, bilateral catamenial_pneumothoraces are_rare. To the best of_our knowledge, this_case reflects_the first report_of pathology proven bilateral lung and_diaphragm endometriosis.

Abstract

Vertebrate tissues_comprise precise admixtures of parenchymal and_hematopoietic_cells, whose interactions_are_vital_to proper_tissue function. By_regulating_this interaction,_vertebrates_are able to mitigate environmental stress_and_coordinate dramatic physiologic adaptations. For instance, under_conditions of chronic nutrient_excess,_leukocyte recruitment and activation_increase in an effort to_decrease excess nutrient storage and alleviate_adipocyte stress._While basal_equilibria may be reestablished upon normalization of nutrient intake, a new_set point characterized by insulin resistance_and chronic inflammation is_established if_the_stress persists. Consequently,_although_this response_is adaptive in settings of acute overfeeding_and infection,_it has catastrophic health consequences in_the modern context of_obesity._Understanding how leukocyte set points (numbers_and activation status) are established, maintained,_and regulated in tissues is,_thus,_critical_to our understanding of, and_intervention in, chronic metabolic diseases, such_as obesity and_diabetes.

Abstract

Obesity and its attendant metabolic disorders represent_the_great public health challenge of our_time._Recent evidence suggests that onset of_inflammation_in_metabolic tissues pathogenically links obesity_to insulin resistance and type 2_diabetes. In this review, we briefly summarize the extant_literature, paying special_attention to the central role_of_the_tissue-associated macrophage in the initiation of metabolic inflammation. We argue_that rather_than representing simple_inflammatory disease, obesity and metabolic syndrome represent derangements in macrophage_activation with concomitant loss of metabolic coordination._As such