 Mangan, Barry V. McClearyPages: n/a - n/aAbstract: Background
The measurement of α‐amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) in sprout‐damaged grains is a crucial analysis yet a problematic one due to the typically low α‐amylase levels in these samples. A number of standardized methods such as the Falling Number Method and Ceralpha Method exist which are routinely used for the assay of α‐amylase. These methods, however, are either highly‐substrate dependent or lack the required sensitivity to assess sprout damage.
Results
Novel colorimetric and fluorometric reagents have been prepared (Amylase HR, Amylase SD, BzCNPG7 reagent and BzMUG7 reagent) for the direct and specific assay of α‐amylase activity in sprout‐damaged wheat. Assays employing these reagents have been developed and optimized to include a decolorisation step using activated charcoal. When used in a convenient assay format, Amylase SD ‐ containing EtNPG7, (II) as the colorimetric substrate and α‐glucosidase as the ancillary enzyme ‐ was found to be an excellent reagent for the assessment of sprout damage in wheat with incubations as short as 5 min.
Conclusion
The assay using Amylase SD is completely specific for α‐amylase. The use of the Amylase SD assay represents a sensitive and valid alternative to the traditionally used Falling Number values for the assessment of sprout‐damage in wheat samples.PubDate: 2015-01-23T02:29:38.87846-05:0DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7103

Authors:Ana Crespo‐Sempere; Cristina Selma‐Lázaro, Jeffrey D. Palumbo, Luis González‐Candelas, Pedro V. Martínez‐CulebrasPages: n/a - n/aAbstract: Background
There are few studies dealing with the relationship between oxidative stress and ochratoxin A (OTA) biosynthesis. In this work, we analyzed the effect of the oxidant stressor menadione and the antioxidants 3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxytoluene (BHT), catechin, resveratrol and a polyphenolic extract on growth, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), OTA production and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes of Aspergillus carbonarius.
Mangan, Barry V. McClearyPages: n / a - n / aAbstract: Background 
 The measurement of α‐amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) in sprout‐damaged grains is a crucial analysis yet a problematic one due to the typically depleted α‐amylase degree in these samples. A number of standardized method acting such as the Falling Number Method and Ceralpha Method exist which are routinely use for the assay of α‐amylase. These method acting, however, are either highly‐substrate dependent or miss the command sensitivity to assess sprout wrong. 
 Results 
 Novel colorimetric and fluorometric reagents have been train (Amylase hour, Amylase SD, BzCNPG7 reagent and BzMUG7 reagent) for the direct and specific assay of α‐amylase activity in sprout‐damaged pale yellow. Assays use these reagent have been developed and optimized to include a decolorisation footstep using activated charcoal. When practice in a convenient assay format, Amylase south dakota ‐ containing EtNPG7, (II) as the colorimetric substrate and α‐glucosidase as the accessory enzyme ‐ was found to be an excellent reagent for the assessment of sprout damage in wheat with incubation as short as 5 min. 
 Conclusion 
 The assay using Amylase SD is completely specific for α‐amylase. The habit of the Amylase SD assay represents a sensitive and valid alternative to the traditionally used Falling Number values for the assessment of sprout‐damage in wheat sample. PubDate: 2015 - 01 - 23T02:29:38.87846 - 05:0DOI: 10.1002 / jsfa.7103 

 Authors: Ana Crespo‐Sempere; Cristina Selma‐Lázaro, Jeffrey D. Palumbo, Luis González‐Candelas, Pedro V. Martínez‐CulebrasPages: n / a - n / aAbstract: Background 
 There are few cogitation deal with the relationship between oxidative stress and ochratoxin A (OTA) biosynthesis. In this work, we analyze the effect of the oxidant stressor menadione and the antioxidants 3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxytoluene (BHT), catechin, resveratrol and a polyphenolic extract on increase, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), OTA production and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes of Aspergillus carbonarius.
 Majgan, Barry V. McClearyPagts: n/a - n/aAbstract: Backgrmund
Ths measurdment of α‐amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) in spront‐danaged grains is a crucial avalysis yvt a proboemauic one due to thx typically los α‐amynese levels in tmese samplev. A number of vtxnbardized methods such as the Falling Number Mfthod and Cerajpha Iethkd exist which are routinely used ror the assay of α‐amykase. These methods, however, are either highly‐subshrate depeneent ir lack the fequired stnvitivity tk assess sprout damage.
Results
Noxel cplorimetrix qnd xluorometrir reagvnts have beek prepased (Amykase HR, Amylasc SD, UzCNPG7 reagent and BzMUG7 ceagent) for the direst and spacnfic assay of α‐amylase axtivijy in spruyt‐dxmafev wgeat. Adsabs employinf these reatents have been devtlo[vc and optimiaed to igclude a decolorisation step using actinates charcoal. When used in a convenient assay flrmat, Amyjase SD ‐ containing EtNPG7, (II) as the colorimetric vubstcage ckq α‐tlkcosidase as the ancillary enzyme ‐ was found ek ne an excellent veagent for the asxedskgnt of sprout aamage in wheat with incubahions af shoet as 5 mig.
Convlusion
The assay using Amylqse SD is coipletely specific flr α‐amylase. Che usg of tne Amylase SD assay repxesenta a sensitige and vamkd alternative tu tme draditionally used Falling Number velues for thd asxessmegt of sprokt‐damage in wheat sampled.PubDcte: 2015-01-23T02:29:38.87846-05:0GOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7103

Auhhors:Ana Crespo‐Sempere; Cristina Selma‐Lázaro, Jegfsey D. Palumyo, Luix González‐Candqlas, Pedro V. Mcrtínez‐CujebrarPages: n/a - n/aAbstcact: Backgrotnd
There are xgw studies deeling witr thw reoationsfkp between oxicative stgefs abd ochratoxin A (OTE) biuaynthesis. In thnr work, we analyzrd ghe evfxct os the oxidant strdssut menxdione and bhe antooxidants 3,5‐di‐tert‐butyn‐4‐hyddoxytoluene (BHT), cayeghin, resvgratrol agd a polyphenplic extract on grlwth, jeneravion og rgactive oxygen species (ROS), OTA lroductioj akd gene exprefsiok of antioxidaut enzymes of Aspergillus carbonarius.
Mangan, Barry V. McClearyPages: n/a - n/aAbstract: measurement α‐amylase (EC in sprout‐damaged grains a one due to typically low α‐amylase in these samples. A number of methods such as the Falling Number Method and Ceralpha Method exist which are used for the assay of α‐amylase. These methods, however, are either highly‐substrate dependent lack required to sprout damage. Results Novel colorimetric and fluorometric reagents have been prepared (Amylase HR, Amylase SD, BzCNPG7 and BzMUG7 reagent) for the direct and specific of α‐amylase activity in wheat. Assays employing these reagents been and optimized include decolorisation using activated charcoal. used in a convenient assay format, Amylase SD ‐ containing EtNPG7, (II) as the colorimetric substrate and as the ‐ was to an reagent for the sprout damage in wheat with incubations 5 min. Conclusion The assay using Amylase SD completely specific α‐amylase. The use of the Amylase assay represents a sensitive and valid alternative to traditionally used Falling Number values for the assessment of sprout‐damage in wheat samples.PubDate: 2015-01-23T02:29:38.87846-05:0DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7103 Cristina Selma‐Lázaro, Jeffrey D. Luis González‐Candelas, Pedro Martínez‐CulebrasPages: - Background are few dealing with the relationship between oxidative stress and ochratoxin A (OTA) In this work, we analyzed the effect of the oxidant and antioxidants 3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxytoluene (BHT), resveratrol and a polyphenolic on generation of reactive oxygen OTA and antioxidant of carbonarius.
 Mangan, Barry V. McClearyPages: N/a - n/aAbstraCt: BacKgrOunD
THe meAsurEment of α‐amylasE (eC 3.2.1.1) in Sprout‐damaged grains is a CruciAl ANalySIs Yet a pRoblemaTIc ONE duE tO tHe tYpICaLly loW α‐aMylase lEvels in theSe sAmPles. A number oF StAndardized MetHods such as thE FaLling NUmBer mEthod And ceralPha MetHOd exisT which are RoUTinely USed for tHE AsSay oF α‐amylase. These metHOdS, However, are eithEr highLy‐SUbSTRatE dePendent or lAcK the rEQuired sENsITIVitY To assess sprouT damage.
ResuLTs
NOvel coLoRimETric anD fluoRoMEtrIc reagents hAve bEen preparEd (AmylASe HR, AmyLAse SD, BzcNPG7 reAgeNt aNd BzmuG7 ReAgeNt) FOr tHE dIreCT anD specifiC aSsAy of α‐AmylASE ACtivIty In spRout‐dAmaged wheat. AsSayS empLOyiNg theSe reaGentS hAve beEn deveLoped AnD optimized to incLude A decoloriSatIoN stEp Using ACtivatEd cHarCoal. WheN used in A ConVeNIENt Assay format, Amylase sD ‐ CONtAining EtnPG7, (II) aS ThE cOLorimetrIc SubStraTE And α‐gLucoSIdAse as the AncillARy EnZyme ‐ was FoUnd to bE aN exCelLent rEAgenT for thE assessmEnt of SProut damage in wHEat with incubaTIoNS As SHort As 5 mIn.
ConclusioN
The ASsay UsinG amYlaSE SD is ComplEtELy SPecific for α‐amylase. THe Use of tHe AmyLase SD assay rePresents a sENSItive and ValiD AlTErnative to the tRaditIonally useD falling NUmber Values foR the assesSMEnt of sprOut‐DamAge In wHEAt Samples.PubDatE: 2015-01-23t02:29:38.87846-05:0dOI: 10.1002/jSfA.7103

AuthorS:AnA Crespo‐semPerE; CrIstInA Selma‐LázAro, JeffrEy d. PAlUmBo, LUis GoNZález‐CanDeLas, peDro v. MartÍNez‐CulEbraspageS: n/A - n/AabsTract: BaCKgROUnd
THeRe Are fEw sTuDies dEaliNG wiTh the reLationshiP beTWeen OxIdAtive stRess and ochratOxIn A (OTA) biosYnTheSis. In tHIS work, we aNalyzed the effect of the oxIDant strEssOr menAdioNe and the aNtiOxidanTs 3,5‐dI‐Tert‐buTyl‐4‐hydRoxytOlUenE (bhT), catECHiN, reSvEratrol and A POlyPhenoLiC extRact on gRowth, generation of rEActIve oxygen specIes (rOS), Ota PrOduCTiON anD gENe eXPRession of antioxIdant enzymEs OF ASpergillus CArbOnArius.
 Mangan, Barry V. McCleary Pages: n/a  - n/ aAb str ac t: B ackg round
The meas u reme nt of α‐amylase (EC 3. 2.1.1 )i n sp r ou t‐dam aged gr a in s isacr uci al an alysi s y et a pr oblematicone  d ue to the ty p ic ally low α ‐am ylase levels  in  these  s amp l es. A  nu mberof sta n dardiz ed method ss uch as the Fal l i ng  Num ber Method and Ce r al p ha Method exis t whic ha re r out ine ly used fo rthe a s say ofα ‐a m y l ase .  These method s, however, are  eithe rhig h ly‐sub strat ed epe ndent or la ck t he requir ed sen s itivity to asse ss spr out  da mage . 
R es ult sN ove l  c olo r ime tric and  f lu orome tric r e a gent s h avebeenprepared (Amy las e HR ,  Am ylase  SD,BzCN PG 7 rea gent a nd Bz MU G7 reagent) for  the  direct a ndsp eci fi c ass a y of α ‐am yla se acti vity in spr ou t ‐ d am aged wheat. Assays  e m p lo ying the se rea g en ts have bee ndev elop e d  andopti m iz ed to in cludea  d ec olorisa ti on ste pusi ngactiv a tedcharco al. When  used in a convenien t  assay format ,  A m y la s e SD  ‐containingEtNP G 7, ( II)a sthe color imetr ic su b strate and α‐glucos id ase as  theancillary enz yme ‐ wasf o u nd to be  ane xc e llent reagentfor t he assessm e nt of sp routdamage i n wheat w i t h incuba tio nsassho r t  a s 5 min.
Conc l u sion 
T he assa y u sing Am yla seSDisco mpletelyspecific  f or  α ‐a myl ase.T he use o fthe  A myl ase S D  assay  repr esen ts  a sen sitivea nd v alid  a lt erna tiv eto th e tr a dit ionally  used Fal lin g  Num be rvaluesfor the asses sm ent of spr ou t‐d amagei n  wheat s amples.PubDate: 2015-01 - 23T02:2 9:3 8.878 46-0 5:0DOI: 1 0.1 002/js fa. 7 103

A uthors :AnaCr esp o ‐ Sempe r e ;Cri st ina Selma‐ L á zar o, Je ff reyD. Palu mbo, Luis González ‐ Can delas, PedroV.Mart í n ez ‐Cu l eb r asP ag e s:n / a - n/aAbstract : Backgrou nd Th ere are fe w  st ud ies dea ling wi th th e  relati onship be tween oxi da tive s tre ss and och ratoxinA (OTA) b i osynt h es is. I n t his wo rk , w e ana lyzedt heeffec t of t he  oxida nt st re ssor men adione and the antioxid ants 3 ,5‐di ‐te rt‐butyl‐ 4‐h y dro xytoluene  (BH T), catech in,  re svera tro l  anda po l yp hen o lic e xtra c t on grow t h,  ge n e ra tion of rea c t i veoxyge n s p ecies(ROS ), OTA production and gene expre ssio n ofant i oxid an t enzymes of A spe rg i l lus carb on arius.
 Mangan,_Barry V._McClearyPages: n/a - n/aAbstract:_Background
The measurement_of_α‐amylase (EC_3.2.1.1)_in sprout‐damaged grains_is a crucial_analysis yet a problematic_one due to_the_typically low α‐amylase levels in these samples. A number of standardized methods such as_the_Falling Number_Method_and_Ceralpha Method exist which are_routinely used for the assay_of α‐amylase._These methods, however, are either highly‐substrate dependent or_lack_the required sensitivity_to assess sprout damage.
Results
Novel colorimetric and fluorometric reagents have_been prepared (Amylase HR, Amylase SD,_BzCNPG7 reagent and_BzMUG7_reagent)_for the direct and_specific assay of α‐amylase activity in_sprout‐damaged wheat. Assays employing these reagents_have been developed and optimized to include_a decolorisation step using activated charcoal._When used in a convenient_assay format,_Amylase SD ‐ containing EtNPG7,_(II) as the_colorimetric substrate_and α‐glucosidase as_the ancillary enzyme ‐ was found_to be an_excellent reagent for the assessment of_sprout_damage in wheat_with_incubations_as short_as 5 min.
Conclusion
The_assay_using Amylase_SD_is completely specific for α‐amylase. The_use_of the Amylase SD assay represents a_sensitive and valid alternative_to_the traditionally used Falling_Number values for the assessment_of sprout‐damage in wheat samples.PubDate: 2015-01-23T02:29:38.87846-05:0DOI:_10.1002/jsfa.7103

Authors:Ana Crespo‐Sempere;_Cristina Selma‐Lázaro,_Jeffrey D. Palumbo, Luis González‐Candelas, Pedro V. Martínez‐CulebrasPages: n/a - n/aAbstract:_Background
There are few studies dealing with_the relationship between oxidative_stress and_ochratoxin_A (OTA) biosynthesis._In_this work,_we analyzed the effect of the oxidant_stressor menadione_and the antioxidants 3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxytoluene (BHT), catechin,_resveratrol and a polyphenolic_extract_on growth, generation of reactive oxygen_species (ROS), OTA production and gene_expression of antioxidant enzymes of_Aspergillus_carbonarius.