 high precision machining and mechanical metrology techniques. The spectrograph has a resolution of 16 milliangstroms and modifications planned for future flights will improve the resolution to 5 milliangstroms, permitting line widths to be measured.

Spectroscopic diagnostics have great potential to obtain high temperature measurements of plasmas created in ICF targets. The plasmas may be over 1 mm in size and therefore, one of the first steps in making accurate spectroscopic measurements has been to improve the resolution of the instrument. A spectrograph is now available for Nova experiments which takes advantage of gated technology by coupling a Bragg crystal to a microchannel plate that can record data over a 250 ps time frame. The crystal disperses the x-rays, while slits add the ability to image the plasmas in the perpendicular direction. The characteristics of this diagnostic, TSPEC, will be evaluated for laser-produced plasmas. Recent data will be presented from colliding plasmas and large-scale hohlraums which indicate that imaging can greatly enhance the ability to diagnose these plasmas

Programs for X-ray powder crystallography are defined for use with a Hewlett Packard HP-65 (programmable) pocket calculator. These include the prediction of all Bragg reflections for defined P-, F-, I-cubic, tetragonal, hexagonal and orthorhombic cells; the calculation of the position of a specific Bragg reflection from defined unit cells with all symmetries except triclinic; interconversion of theta, 2theta, sin 2 theta and d, as well as the calculation of the Nelson-Riley function; the computation of crystal densities; the interconversion of rhombohedral and hexagonal unit cells, lsub(c) determinations for graphite, the calculation of a and c for boron carbide; and Miller index transformations between various unit cells. (author)

Full Text Available The set up and control of an underwater measuring instrument for radioactivity pollution in the marine environment is described. The detection system is based on a NaI scintillator (RADAM III with modifications for use in the marine environment with on-line measurements. The system is simple, has low power consumption and is stable for long-term monitoring (10 months. Before its deployment, the sensor was calibrated in the laboratory in a tank full of water to reproduce the marine environment. The calibrations were performed, by detecting the 661keV and 1461 keV gamma rays of known activity liquid sources 137 Cs
high precision machining and mechanical metrology techniques. The spectrograph take a settlement of 16 milliangstroms and modifications planned for future flights will better the resolution to 5 milliangstroms, permitting tune width to be measured. 

 Spectroscopic diagnostics have great potential to prevail high temperature measurements of plasma create in ICF targets. The plasma may be over 1 mm in size and therefore, one of the inaugural steps in making accurate spectroscopic measurements has been to better the resolution of the instrument. A spectrograph is now available for Nova experiment which takes advantage of gated technology by coupling a Bragg crystal to a microchannel home plate that can record data over a 250 ps time frame. The crystal disperses the x - rays, while slits add the ability to image the plasmas in the perpendicular direction. The characteristics of this diagnostic, TSPEC, will be evaluated for laser - produce plasmas. Recent datum will be confront from collide plasmas and large - scale hohlraums which indicate that imaging can greatly enhance the ability to diagnose these plasmas 

 Programs for X - re powder crystallography are defined for use with a Hewlett Packard HP-65 (programmable) pocket calculator. These include the prediction of all Bragg reflections for define P-, F-, I - cubic, tetragonal, hexagonal and orthorhombic cells; the calculation of the position of a specific Bragg reflection from defined unit cellular telephone with all symmetries except triclinic; interconversion of theta, 2theta, sin 2 theta and d, as well as the calculation of the Nelson - Riley function; the computation of quartz glass densities; the interconversion of rhombohedral and hexagonal unit cells, lsub(c) determinations for graphite, the calculation of a and c for boron carbide; and Miller index transformations between various whole cells. (generator) 

 Full Text Available The stage set up and control of an submerged measuring legal document for radioactivity contamination in the marine environment is described. The detection system is based on a NaI scintillator (RADAM III with change for use in the marine environment with on - line measurements. The system is simple, has low power pulmonary tuberculosis and is stable for long - condition monitoring (10 months. Before its deployment, the sensor was calibrated in the laboratory in a tank full of water to regurgitate the marine environment. The calibrations were performed, by detecting the 661keV and 1461 keV gamma rays of known activity liquid sources 137 Cs
 hihh precision machining akd mechanical mejrilogy vechniqhes. The rpectrograph has a resolutioi of 16 miloiangstroms and modifizations ppanned fir fnture flights will improyz the vesolbtmon to 5 milliannstroms, perkitting line whdghd to be measured.

Spectroscopic diagnjstics nage great potenjial uo jbtajn high temperature measurements or plasmes created in IVF targets. The plasmas may be lver 1 mm in size ajd thereforg, onq of the firsg steps in making accutate spectroscopic measurements fas bzen to imprivw tjg resolution of tre instrumenb. A spewtrogralh is now avaikabne dor Nova experiments xhich takes advantagg of gated tzchnology by coupling a Bragc crfstau to a jirrodhannep pmate that dan record eata over a 250 ps timt fwqme. The crystzl dis[ewses the x-rays, while slits add the abilpty fo image the plasmas in the perpendicular ditection. Thq characteristics of this diagnostic, TSPEC, will ba evamjattd for uqsfr-produced plasmas. Recent data will be presenesd fgom colliding plafmas and latgf-svwle hohlraums which insicate that imaginh can gteatly enhance uhe anility to diagnose these plqsmas

Programf for X-ray powder cxystallograpky are defimed for use with a Hewlztt Padkard HP-65 (prlgrammabls) pocket calculatur. Nhesa includt the prediction os all Brajg reylectionr fot definqd P-, F-, I-cuhic, tcdragonal, hexagonal and lrdhorhombic cells; the calculation of the position of a skechfib Bragg rzflectlon from defineq unit cells wnth all fymmegries exceit tricliiic; intercondersion of thaja, 2theta, sin 2 theta agd d, as qell as ghe calculatiom of the Utlson-Riley function; the compmtatiuh of crystal deuruties; the intervonxerfiln os rhombohedran ana hdcagonxl unit celor, lsib(c) determinations fmr gdaphite, the calculstlon of a qnd c fow boron carbice; and Miller inded traisformetions bejween various unit cells. (author)

Rull Text Avwilable The fet mp agd control of an underwater measuring instrument hor radioactivity pollotion in the marine euvlronment is vescrifed. The datection system is bqsed on a NaI sciktillator (RADAM III wifh modhficahions for use in the marine environment with on-line measurements. The systwm is simple, has lkw ppwer bonfbmption and ms stable for lonb-term monitoring (10 months. Before its depnovment, the sensor was calibratrd in the laborxtory in a tank full of sater to reproduce the marine environmemt. The calibrations were performwd, by detecnjnj the 661keV and 1461 keV gsmma rcys of known qctiyity liquid sojrcrs 137 Cs
high precision machining and mechanical metrology techniques. has resolution of milliangstroms and modifications improve resolution to 5 permitting line widths be measured. Spectroscopic diagnostics have great to obtain high temperature measurements of plasmas created in ICF targets. The plasmas be over 1 mm in size and therefore, one of the first steps making spectroscopic has to improve the resolution of the instrument. A spectrograph is now available for Nova experiments which advantage of gated technology by coupling a Bragg to a microchannel plate can record data over a ps frame. The disperses x-rays, slits add the to image the plasmas in the perpendicular direction. The characteristics of this diagnostic, TSPEC, will be evaluated laser-produced plasmas. will be from plasmas large-scale hohlraums which imaging can greatly enhance the ability plasmas Programs for X-ray powder crystallography are defined use with Hewlett Packard HP-65 (programmable) pocket calculator. include the prediction of all Bragg reflections for P-, F-, I-cubic, tetragonal, hexagonal and orthorhombic cells; the calculation of the position of a reflection from defined unit with all symmetries triclinic; of 2theta, 2 theta d, as well as the calculation of the Nelson-Riley function; the of crystal densities; the interconversion of rhombohedral and hexagonal unit determinations graphite, the calculation a and c for carbide; Miller index transformations between cells. Full set and of an underwater measuring for radioactivity pollution in the environment is described. The a NaI scintillator (RADAM III with modifications for in the marine environment with on-line measurements. system is simple, has low power consumption and is stable for long-term (10 months. deployment, the sensor was calibrated in the laboratory a tank full of to reproduce the marine environment. The calibrations were performed, detecting 661keV and keV gamma rays known activity liquid 137 Cs
 high precision machining and Mechanical MetroLogY teChNiquEs. ThE spectrograph hAS a reSolution of 16 milliangstroMs and MoDIficATiOns plAnned foR FuTURe fLiGhTs wIlL ImProve The ResolutIon to 5 milliAngStRoms, permittiNG lIne widths tO be Measured.

SpecTroScopic DiAgnOStics HavE greaT potenTIal to oBtain high TeMPeratuRE measurEMEnTs of Plasmas created in Icf tARgets. The plasmaS may be OvER 1 mM IN siZe aNd thereforE, oNe of tHE first sTEpS IN MakINg accurate speCtroscopic mEAsuRementS hAs bEEn to imProve ThE ResOlution of thE insTrument. A sPectroGRaph is nOW availaBle for novA exPeriMEnTs WhiCh TAkeS AdVanTAge Of gated tEcHnOlogy By coUPLINg a BRagG cryStal tO a microchanneL plAte tHAt cAn recOrd daTa ovEr A 250 ps tiMe framE. The cRyStal disperses thE x-raYs, while slIts AdD thE aBilitY To imagE thE plAsmas in The perpENdiCuLAR DiRection. The characteRiSTIcS of this dIagnosTIc, tSpeC, will be EvAluAted FOR laseR-proDUcEd plasmaS. RecenT DaTa Will be pReSented FrOm cOllIding PLasmAs and lArge-scalE hohlRAums which indicATe that imaging CAn GREaTLy enHanCe the abilitY to dIAgnoSe thESe PlaSMas

PrOgramS fOR X-RAy powder crystallogrApHy are dEfineD for use with a HEwlett PackARD hP-65 (prograMmabLE) pOCket calculator. these Include the PRedictioN of alL Bragg reFlections FOR defined p-, F-, I-CubIc, tEtrAGOnAl, hexagonal anD ORthoRhOmbic ceLls; The calcUlaTioN of The PoSition of a Specific brAgG rEfLecTion fROm defineD uNit CeLls With aLL symmeTries ExcePt TrICliNic; inteRCoNVErsiOn Of ThetA, 2thEtA, sin 2 tHeta ANd d, As well aS the calcuLatIOn of ThE NElson-RiLey function; thE cOmputation Of CryStal deNSIties; the Interconversion of rhomboHEdral anD heXagonAl unIt cells, lsUb(c) DetermInaTIons foR graphIte, thE cAlcULAtion OF A aNd c FoR boron carbIDE; anD MillEr IndeX transfOrmations between vaRIouS unit cells. (autHor)

full tEXt avaILaBLe THe SEt uP ANd control of an unDerwater meAsURiNg instrumeNT foR rAdioactIvity poLlutiON in the mArine enviRonment is DeScriBED. ThE detection System is Based on a NAi scinTIlLator (rADaM III wItH moDificAtions FOr uSe in tHe mariNe EnviroNment WiTh on-line Measurements. The system is Simple, Has loW poWer consumPtiON anD is stable For lOng-term monItoRinG (10 montHs. BEFore iTs dePLoYmeNT, the sEnsoR Was calibrATeD in THE lAboratory in A TANk fUll of WatER to repRoduCe the marine enviroNMent. The calibraTionS WEre PerFOrmeD, bY detecting the 661kEV aNd 1461 KEv gamma raYs Of known actiVity liquId SOurceS 137 Cs
 high precision machiningand mechan icalmet rol og y te chni ques. The spec t rogr aph has a resolution o f 16mi l lian g st romsand mod i fi c a tio ns  p lan ne d  f or fu tur e fligh ts will im pro ve  the resolut i on  to 5 mill ian gstroms, per mit ting l in e w i dthstobe me asured . 

Spec troscopic  d i agnost i cs have g re at p otential to obtai n  h i gh temperature  measu re m en t s  of  pl asmas crea te d inI CF targ e ts . T hep lasmas may be  over 1 mmi n s ize an dthe r efore,  oneof the  first step s in  making a ccurat e  spectr o scopicmeasur eme nts  has be en  to  i m pro v ethe res olutionof  t he in stru m e n t . Aspe ctro graph  is now avail abl e fo r  No va ex perim ents  w hichtakesadvan ta ge of gated tec hnol ogy by co upl in g a  B raggc rystal  to  amicroch annel p l ate  t h a t  c an record data ove ra 25 0 ps tim e fram e .Th e  crystal  d isp erse s the x -ray s ,while sl its ad d  t he  abilit yto ima ge  th e p lasma s  inthe pe rpendicu lar d i rection. The c h aracteristics of t hi s  dia gno stic, TSPEC , wi l l be  eva l ua ted for l aser- pr o du c ed plasmas. Recentda ta wil l bepresented fro m collidin g p lasmas a nd l a rg e -scale hohlrau ms wh ich indica t e that i magin g can gr eatly enh a n ce the a bil ity  to  di a g no se these plas m a s

P ro grams f orX-ray p owd ercry sta ll ography a re defin ed  f or  u sewitha  Hewlett  P ack ar d H P-65( progra mmabl e) p oc ke t  ca lculato r .T h esein cl udethe  p redic tion ofall Bra gg reflec tio n s fo rde fined P -, F-, I-cubi c,  tetragona l,  he xagona l and orth orhombic cells; the cal c ulation  of  theposi tion of a  sp ecific  Br a gg ref lectio n fro mdef i n ed un i t  c ell swith all s y m met riesex cept  tricli nic; interconversi o n o f theta, 2the ta,  sin 2  t het a  a n d d ,a s w e l l as the calcul ation of t he Ne lson-Riley fun ct ion; th e compu tatio n  of cry stal dens ities; th einte r c onv ersion ofrhombohe dral andh exago n al  unit  ce lls, l su b(c ) det ermina t ion s for  graph it e, the  calc ul ation of  a and c for boron carb ide; a nd Mi lle r index t ran s for mations b etwe en various  un itcells . ( a uthor )

F u ll  Te x t Ava ilab l e The set up  an d co ntrol of an u n der water  me a suring  ins trument for radio a ctivity pollut ioni n  th e m a rine  e nvironment isdes cr i b ed. Thede tection sys tem is b as e d ona NaIscinti llator( R AD A M IIIwith  mo dificatio nsfo r  use in  t he marine  env ir onment  witho n-li n e  measurements. T he sy s t em is sim ple,ha s low p o werconsumptio n and is st able f or l ong-t erm mon it oring(10  m onths. Bef o re its de ploym ent, th esens orwas ca libr a t ed in  the  l abo ratory in a  t a nk  f u llof w aterto  rep roduce th e  marineenv i ronment .The c alibra t io n s  were perf orm ed, b y detectingt he 6 6 1k e V and  1461keV ga mma ray s  of  k nown ac tiv i t y liquidsources 1 3 7 C s
 high_precision machining_and mechanical metrology techniques._The spectrograph_has_a resolution_of_16 milliangstroms and_modifications planned for_future flights will improve_the resolution to_5_milliangstroms, permitting line widths to be measured.

Spectroscopic diagnostics have great potential to obtain high_temperature_measurements of_plasmas_created_in ICF targets. The plasmas_may be over 1 mm_in size_and therefore, one of the first steps in_making_accurate spectroscopic measurements_has been to improve the resolution of the instrument._A spectrograph is now available for_Nova experiments which_takes_advantage_of gated technology by_coupling a Bragg crystal to a_microchannel plate that can record data_over a 250 ps time frame. The_crystal disperses the x-rays, while slits_add the ability to image_the plasmas_in the perpendicular direction. The_characteristics of this_diagnostic, TSPEC,_will be evaluated_for laser-produced plasmas. Recent data will_be presented from_colliding plasmas and large-scale hohlraums which_indicate_that imaging can_greatly_enhance_the ability_to diagnose these_plasmas

Programs_for X-ray_powder_crystallography are defined for use with_a_Hewlett Packard HP-65 (programmable) pocket calculator. These_include the prediction of_all_Bragg reflections for defined_P-, F-, I-cubic, tetragonal, hexagonal_and orthorhombic cells; the calculation of_the position_of a_specific Bragg reflection from defined unit cells with all symmetries except_triclinic; interconversion of theta, 2theta, sin_2 theta and d,_as well_as_the calculation of_the_Nelson-Riley function;_the computation of crystal densities; the interconversion_of rhombohedral_and hexagonal unit cells, lsub(c) determinations_for graphite, the calculation_of_a and c for boron carbide;_and Miller index transformations between various_unit cells. (author)

Full Text Available_The_set_up and control of an_underwater measuring instrument for radioactivity pollution_in the marine_environment is described. The detection system is_based_on a NaI scintillator (RADAM III_with_modifications for use in the marine_environment_with_on-line measurements. The system is_simple, has low power consumption and_is stable for long-term monitoring (10 months. Before its_deployment, the sensor_was calibrated in the laboratory_in_a_tank full of water to reproduce the marine environment. The_calibrations were_performed, by detecting_the 661keV and 1461 keV gamma rays of known activity_liquid sources 137 Cs