 it, and I’ll also give you an opinion about it. When he was the president of the Screen Actors Guild, they went through some very tough negotiations with the studios, who had very high-powered lawyers doing the negotiating. For the Screen Actors Guild, it was Reagan and a couple of other officers and a lawyer. He said, An interesting thing about negotiating I discovered was you’d go at it hammer and tongs. And one side would say, We can’t possibly accept that proposal under any circumstances.

He said, You’d reach some point—you could just sense it in the room—when the moment was ripe for a compromise. But the tempers had been so strong, and the declarations so strong, that you couldn’t do it right then and there. So somebody would say, Excuse me, I have to go to the bathroom.’ And someone would go to the bathroom. Then somebody on the other side would go to the bathroom. And in the bathroom they’d say, ‘What do you think about so-and-so? And first thing you know, we’ve got the beginnings of a settlement. He said, You’d have to sense when the moment is to make the break in the tough position that you’ve taken and when the other side is willing to do the same thing. A lot of it is a matter of face—in other words, how it’s going to look.

I thought that was very telling, and I believe that the skills that he acquired and demonstrated during those three terms when he was the president of the Screen Actors Guild, made him a very effective negotiator with [Mikhail] Gorbachev. He understood the psychology of negotiation.

Knott

During this final year of the Reagan administration the [Lyn] Nofziger group was formed.

Hannaford

Yes. I had forgotten we called it that until I re-read those notes last night. We had another one called the M Group. I didn’t remember that one either.

Knott

Could you tell us a little bit about them?

Hannaford

Yes. We met, I think, every week—maybe it was every other week—at the Sutter Club, for breakfast. Nofziger had been in and out of the administration—he had been out of the administration officially for several years, but he
it, and I ’ll also give you an opinion about it. When he was the president of the Screen Actors Guild, they go through some very ruffianly negotiations with the studios, who had very high - power lawyers doing the negotiating. For the Screen Actors Guild, it was Reagan and a couple of other military officer and a lawyer. He said, An interesting thing about negociate I discovered was you ’d go at it mallet and tongs. And one side would say, We ca n’t possibly take that marriage proposal under any circumstances. 

 He said, You ’d strive some point — you could just feel it in the room — when the moment was ripe for a compromise. But the tempers had been indeed strong, and the declarations so strong, that you could n’t make it right then and there. So somebody would say, Excuse me, I have to plump to the bathroom. ’ And someone would go to the bathroom. Then somebody on the other side would run low to the bathroom. And in the bathroom they ’d say, ‘ What do you think about so - and - so? And first thing you acknowledge, we ’ve got the beginnings of a liquidation. He suppose, You ’d have to sense when the moment is to do the break in the tough position that you ’ve taken and when the early side is willing to do the same thing. A lot of it is a matter of face — in other words, how it ’s going to look. 

 I think that was very revealing, and I believe that the skills that he acquired and demonstrated during those three terms when he was the president of the united states of the Screen Actors Guild, made him a very effective negotiator with [ Mikhail ] Gorbachev. He understood the psychology of negotiation. 

 Knott 

 During this final class of the Reagan administration the [ Lyn ] Nofziger group was form. 

 Hannaford 

 Yes. I had forgotten we called it that until I re - learn those notes last nox. We had another one called the M Group. I did n’t remember that one either. 

 Knott 

 Could you tell us a small bit about them? 

 Hannaford 

 Yes. We meet, I think, every week — maybe it was every other week — at the Sutter Club, for breakfast. Nofziger had been in and out of the government — he had been out of the administration officially for several years, but he
 it, and I’ll also give you ak opinion about nr. When he waa the prdsident of the Screen Actors Gyild, ukey went through somd very tolgh negotuatiibs with thx studios, who gwd vzrb high-powered lswyers doitg the negotiadivg. For the Screen Actors Guild, it was Reagan ajd a couple of othtr jffidvrw and a lawyer. He said, An intsrestinj thing about nrgotiating I discovered wad yok’d go at it hammer and tongs. Qnd jbe side woula say, We can’t possibly accept that proposal under any circbmstances.

He sqid, Iou’d reach sime pjint—you could just sanse it in the room—whcn thx monent was ripe for a cmmpromise. But the jempers hag yeen so strong, and thw eeclatatiots su stfonf, vhaf you foumdn’t do it right then and there. So somebpdr would say, Exduse mq, Y have to go to the bathroom.’ And someont woumd go to the bathroom. Tyen somebody on the ojher side rould go to the bathroom. And in the bathroom they’g say, ‘Dhau eo yoj tjink about so-and-so? And first thing you know, wq’be gpt the beginnikgs of a settlemeny. Je faid, You’d havg to seuae when the moment id to mahe thw break ig thr tough position that you’ve taken and wken the other side is willing to do jhe sake thing. A lot of it is a mztter of fafe—in othed words, how it’s guinn tm look.

I ufought that was vqry telliig, anb I belidve jhat thq skills tjat hc acquired and demojstrajed dusing those three terms when he was the prxxident of thg Swrevn Actors Guilc, made him a dery effective negotictor wkth [Mikhaim] Gorbarhev. He undewstood the psffhology of nxgotiatiog.

Knort

Dueing thkr final year og the Reaycn adminiwtration the [Lyn] Npfzkfer group was firmtd.

Yannaford

Yes. I haa fjrhovten ra called it dhat ungol I fe-read ukosc nutes last night. We had atothsr one called the K Nroup. I dudn’t remqmber that onr either.

Knott

Could you vell ur a lottje bit about them?

Hannaford

Yes. Se met, I hhikk, every week—iaybc it was every other week—at the Sutter Club, for breakhast. Nofziger had been un and out of the abmlnistration—hx had feen out mf the administratiob officially for xeveral years, but he
it, and I’ll also give you an it. he was president of the through very tough negotiations the studios, who very high-powered lawyers doing the negotiating. the Screen Actors Guild, it was Reagan and a couple of other officers a lawyer. He said, An interesting thing about negotiating I discovered was you’d at hammer tongs. one side would say, We can’t possibly accept that proposal under any circumstances. He said, You’d some point—you could just sense it in the the moment was ripe a compromise. But the tempers been strong, and declarations strong, you couldn’t do right then and there. So somebody would say, Excuse me, I have to go to the bathroom.’ someone would the bathroom. somebody the side would go bathroom. And in the bathroom they’d you think about so-and-so? And first thing you we’ve got beginnings of a settlement. He said, have to sense when the moment is to the break in the tough position that you’ve taken and when the other side is do the same thing. lot of it a of other how it’s to look. I thought that was very telling, and I believe the skills that he acquired and demonstrated during those three he the president of Screen Actors Guild, made a effective negotiator with [Mikhail] understood psychology During final of the Reagan administration [Lyn] Nofziger group was formed. Yes. I had forgotten I re-read those notes last night. We had one called the M Group. I didn’t that one either. Knott Could you tell us a little bit about Hannaford Yes. I think, every week—maybe it was every other the Sutter Club, for Nofziger had been in and out of the administration—he been of the officially for several but he
 it, and I’ll also give you an opinIon about it. when hE waS thE pResiDent Of the Screen ActORs GuIld, they went through some Very tOuGH negOTiAtionS with thE StUDIos, WhO hAd vErY HiGh-powEreD lawyerS doing the nEgoTiAting. For the SCReEn Actors GuIld, It was Reagan aNd a Couple Of OthER offiCerS and a Lawyer. hE said, AN interestInG Thing aBOut negoTIAtIng I Discovered was you’d GO aT It hammer and tonGs. And oNe SIdE WOulD saY, We can’t posSiBly acCEpt that PRoPOSAl uNDer any circumsTances.

He saiD, you’D reach SoMe pOInt—you Could JuST seNse it in the rOom—wHen the momEnt was RIpe for a COmpromiSe. But tHe tEmpErs hAD bEeN so StROng, ANd The DEclArations So StRong, tHat yOU COUldn’T do It riGht thEn and there. So sOmeBody WOulD say, EXcuse Me, I hAvE to go To the bAthroOm.’ and someone would Go to The bathroOm. THeN soMeBody oN The othEr sIde Would go To the baTHroOm. aND In The bathroom they’d saY, ‘WHAT dO you thinK about SO-aNd-SO? And firsT tHinG you KNOw, we’vE got THe BeginninGs of a sETtLeMent. He sAiD, You’d hAvE to SenSe wheN The mOment iS to make tHe breAK in the tough posITion that you’ve TAkEN AnD When The Other side is WillINg to Do thE SaMe tHIng. A lOt of iT iS A mATter of face—in other woRdS, how it’S goinG to look.

I thougHt that was vERY Telling, aNd I bELiEVe that the skillS that He acquired ANd demonsTrateD during tHose three TERms when hE waS thE prEsiDENt Of the Screen AcTORs GuIlD, made hiM a vEry effeCtiVe nEgoTiaToR with [MikhAil] GorbaChEv. he UnDerStood THe psychoLoGy oF nEgoTiatiON.

Knott

durinG thiS fInAL yeAr of the rEaGAN admInIsTratIon ThE [Lyn] NOfziGEr gRoup was Formed.

HanNafORd

YeS. I HaD forgotTen we called it ThAt until I re-ReAd tHose noTES last nigHt. We had another one called THe M GrouP. I dIdn’t rEmemBer that onE eiTher.

KnOtt

cOuld yoU tell uS a litTlE biT ABout tHEM?

HAnnAfOrd

Yes. We meT, i ThiNk, eveRy Week—Maybe it Was every other week—aT The sutter Club, for BreAkfaST. noFziGEr HAd bEeN In aND Out of the adminisTration—he hAd BEeN out of the aDMinIsTration OfficiaLly foR Several Years, but hE
 it, and I’ll also give yo u an opini on ab out  it .When  hewas the presid e nt o f the Screen Actors Gu ild,th e y we n tthrou gh some ve r y  to ug hneg ot i at ionswit h the s tudios, wh o h ad  very high-p o we red lawyer s d oing the neg oti ating.  F ort he Sc ree n Act ors Gu i ld, it  was Reag an and ac ouple o f ot herofficers and a la w ye r . He said, Anintere st i ng t hin g a bout negot ia tingI  discov e re d w asy ou’d go at it  hammer and ton gs. An done side w ouldsa y , W e can’t pos sibl y acceptthat p r oposalu nder an y circ ums tan ces. 
H esai d, You ’ drea c h s ome poin t— yo u cou ld j u s t sens e i t in  theroom—when the  mo ment was  ripe  fora co mp romis e. But  thete mpers had beenso s trong, an d t he  de cl arati o ns sostr ong , thatyou cou l dn’ td o it  right then and th er e .  S o somebo dy wou l dsa y , Excuse  m e,I ha v e  to g o to th e bathro om.’ A n dso meone w ou ld goto  th e b athro o m. T hen so mebody o n the other side wou l d go to the b a th r o om .  And  in  the bathro om t h ey’d  say ,  ‘ Wha t  do y ou th in k  a b out so-and-so? Andfi rst th ing y ou know, we’v e got theb e g inningsof a se t tlement. He sa id, Y ou’d havet o sensewhenthe mome nt is tom a ke the b rea k i n t het o ug h position th a t  you ’v e taken  an d whenthe  ot her  si de  is willi ng to do  t he  s am e t hing. A lot of  i t i sa m atter of fac e—inothe rwo r ds,  how it ’ sg o ingto  l ook. 

I  t hough t th a t w as very  telling,  an d  I b el ie ve that  the skills t ha t he acqui re d a nd dem o n stratedduring those three term s  when h e w as th e pr esident o f t he Scr een Actors  Guild , mad ehim a  very e ff ect iv e negotiat o r  wi th [M ik hail ] Gorba chev. He understoo d  th e psychologyofnego t i at ion . 
K not tDur i n g this final ye ar of theRe a ga n administ r ati on  the [L yn] Nof ziger group w as formed .

Hannaf or d

Y e s . I  had forgo tten wecalled it thatu nt il Ire- read t ho senotes  lastn igh t. We  had a no ther o ne ca ll ed the M  Group. I didn’t rememb er tha t one  ei ther.

Kn ott 
Co uld you t ellus a littl e b itabout  th e m?

H anna f or d
Y es. W e me t , I think ,  e ver y we ek—maybe it w a s e veryoth e r week —atthe Sutter Club,f or breakfast.Nofz i g erhad been  i n and out of t head m i nistrati on —he had bee n out of  t h e adm inistr ationofficia l l yf or sev eral  ye ars, buthe
 it,_and I’ll_also give you an_opinion about_it._When he_was_the president of_the Screen Actors_Guild, they went through_some very tough_negotiations_with the studios, who had very high-powered lawyers doing the negotiating. For the Screen_Actors_Guild, it_was_Reagan_and a couple of other_officers and a lawyer. He_said, An_interesting thing about negotiating I discovered was you’d_go_at it hammer_and tongs. And one side would say, We can’t_possibly accept that proposal under any_circumstances.

He said, You’d_reach_some_point—you could just sense_it in the room—when the moment_was ripe for a compromise. But_the tempers had been so strong, and_the declarations so strong, that you_couldn’t do it right then_and there._So somebody would say, Excuse_me, I have_to go_to the bathroom.’_And someone would go to the_bathroom. Then somebody_on the other side would go_to_the bathroom. And_in_the_bathroom they’d_say, ‘What do_you_think about_so-and-so?_And first thing you know, we’ve_got_the beginnings of a settlement. He said,_You’d have to sense_when_the moment is to_make the break in the_tough position that you’ve taken and_when the_other side_is willing to do the same thing. A lot of it_is a matter of face—in other_words, how it’s going_to look.

I_thought_that was very_telling,_and I_believe that the skills that he acquired_and demonstrated_during those three terms when he_was the president of_the_Screen Actors Guild, made him a_very effective negotiator with [Mikhail] Gorbachev._He understood the psychology of_negotiation.

Knott

During_this_final year of the Reagan_administration the [Lyn] Nofziger group was_formed.

Hannaford

Yes. I had_forgotten we called it that until I_re-read_those notes last night. We had_another_one called the M Group. I_didn’t_remember_that one either.

Knott

Could you tell_us a little bit about them?

Hannaford

Yes._We met, I think, every week—maybe it was every_other week—at the_Sutter Club, for breakfast. Nofziger_had_been_in and out of the administration—he had been out of_the administration_officially for several_years, but he