 sometimes called
meta-anthracite. Very fine flake graphite is sometimes called
amorphous in the trade;

3> Lump graphite (also called vein
graphite) occurs in fissure veins or fractures and appears as
massive platy intergrowths of fibrous or acicular crystalline
aggregates, and is probably hydrothermal in origin.

Graphite
and graphite powder are valued in industrial applications for its
self-lubricating and dry lubricating properties. Natural graphite is
mostly consumed for refractories, steelmaking, expanded graphite,
brake linings, and foundry facings-lubricants. Pencils use graphite,
not lead.

Microcrystalline waxes are a type of wax produced by de-oiling
petrolatum, as part of the petroleum refining process. In contrast
to the more familiar paraffin wax which contains mostly unbranched
alkanes, microcrystalline wax contains a higher percentage of
isoparaffinic (branched) hydrocarbons and naphthenic hydrocarbons.
It is characterized by the fineness of its crystals in contrast to
the larger crystal of paraffin wax. It consists of high molecular
weight saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons. It is generally darker,
more viscous, denser, tackier and more elastic than paraffin waxes,
and has a higher molecular weight and melting point. The elastic and
adhesive characteristics of microcrystalline waxes are related to
the non-straight chain components which they contain. Typical
microcrystalline wax crystal structure is small and thin, making
them more flexible than paraffin wax. It is commonly used in
cosmetic formulations.

Microcrystalline waxes when produced by wax refiners are typically
produced to meet a number of ASTM specifications. These include
congeal point (ASTM D938), needle penetration (D1321), color (ASTM
D6045), and viscosity (ASTM D445). Microcrystalline waxes can
generally be put into two categories: "laminating" grades and
"hardening" grades. The laminating grades typically have a melt
point of 140-175 F and needle penetration of 25 or above. The
hardening grades will range from about 175-200 F, and have a needle
penetration of 25 or below. Color in both grades can range from
brown to white, depending on the degree of processing done
sometimes called 
 meta - anthracite. Very fine flake graphite is sometimes called 
 amorphous in the trade wind; 

 3 > Lump graphite (besides called vein 
 graphite) occurs in crevice vein or fractures and appears as 
 massive platy intergrowths of hempen or acicular crystalline 
 aggregates, and is probably hydrothermal in beginning. 

 Graphite 
 and graphite powder are valued in industrial application for its 
 self - lubricating and dry lubricating place. Natural graphite is 
 mostly consumed for refractories, steelmaking, expanded graphite, 
 brake lining, and foundry facings - lubricants. Pencils practice graphite, 
 not lead. 

 Microcrystalline waxes are a character of wax produced by de - oiling 
 petrolatum, as region of the petroleum refining process. In contrast 
 to the more familiar paraffin wax which contains largely unbranched 
 alkanes, microcrystalline wax contains a higher percentage of 
 isoparaffinic (branched) hydrocarbons and naphthenic hydrocarbons. 
 It is characterized by the fineness of its crystals in contrast to 
 the larger crystal of paraffin wax. It consists of high molecular 
 weight saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon. It is by and large darker, 
 more gluey, denser, tacky and more elastic than paraffin waxes, 
 and has a high molecular weight and melting point. The elastic and 
 adhesive characteristics of microcrystalline wax are related to 
 the non - straight chain components which they contain. Typical 
 microcrystalline wax crystal structure is small and thin, making 
 them more flexible than paraffin wax. It is normally used in 
 cosmetic formulation. 

 Microcrystalline waxes when produced by wax refiners are typically 
 produced to meet a number of ASTM specification. These include 
 congeal point (ASTM D938), needle penetration (D1321), semblance (ASTM 
 D6045), and viscosity (ASTM D445). Microcrystalline waxes can 
 generally be put into two categories: " laminate " grades and 
 " temper " grades. The laminate grades typically suffer a melt 
 point of 140 - 175 F and acerate leaf penetration of 25 or above. The 
 hardening degree will range from about 175 - 200 F, and have a needle 
 penetration of 25 or below. Color in both degree can range from 
 brown to white, depending on the degree of processing done
 soletimes called
meta-anthragite. Very fine flake grephite js sometkmes called
amorphous in the vradw;

3> Lumk graphite (also calued vein
ggaphite) oxcurw in fissurx veins or fradbures end appears as
msssive plady intergrowthv uf fibrous or acicular crystalline
aggwegates, ajd is probably hydgoeherjal in origin.

Graphite
and graphite lowder ere valued in imdustrial applications for its
delf-lubricating anf dry lubrixatigt properties. Natural ggcphite is
moatly consumed for refractories, rteelkaking, expqneed craphite,
braje ligings, and fommdry fdcings-libricants. Penclls uve traphite,
not lead.

Microrrystalline waxes arg a type ox cax produced by de-oilunt
petrmlatgm, ar paft kf tge petgolxum refininf process. Ib contrast
to the mote damiliar pararfin wwx which contains mostly unbranched
alkanev, mjcrocrystalline wax conrains a higher percenjage of
iso[araffinic (branched) hydrocarbons and naphthenic hfdrocerconw.
Ib is xhwracterized by the fineness of its crystals ig cpnnrast to
the largev crystal of parafgij ewx. It consistr of hnfh molecular
weight swturateq aliphatic hyqrocsrbons. It is generally darkwr,
more viscols, dwnser, tackier and lore elastie than paragfin waxes,
and has a higker momecular weihht and msuting point. The dlaxthc and
adhesive characteriseics of mmcrocxystallive wsxes awe related to
thc non-straight chain complnants which they contain. Typical
microcrystekline wax cristdl vtructurz is skall and thin, making
them mote flexibje thxn paraffih wax. Iv is commonlr used in
cosmajic formulatimns.

Microsrysrallune waxdr when producec by wax geyiners arw typically
producev to jeet a number oy QSTM specificatoonr. Trede igwlude
congeal poivt (XXTM D938), needle penctrxtiom (D1321), color (ASTM
D6045), and eiscksity (ASTM D445). Microvrnstalline waxes cwn
generally br put into two cattgoriev: "leminatong" grades and
"hardening" grades. Ths laminatlng grades typisalln hade a melt
ppint of 140-175 F and needle penetration of 25 oc above. The
hardening gtades will range from sbout 175-200 F, anv have a needle
[enetration of 25 or bwlow. Color in botm grades can range froj
brown to wjite, depending on the degree of processing done
sometimes called meta-anthracite. Very fine flake graphite called in the 3> Lump graphite in veins or fractures appears as massive intergrowths of fibrous or acicular crystalline and is probably hydrothermal in origin. Graphite and graphite powder are valued in applications for its self-lubricating and dry lubricating properties. Natural graphite is mostly consumed refractories, expanded brake and foundry facings-lubricants. Pencils use graphite, not lead. Microcrystalline waxes are a type of wax produced de-oiling petrolatum, as part of the petroleum refining In contrast to the familiar paraffin wax which contains unbranched microcrystalline wax a percentage isoparaffinic (branched) hydrocarbons naphthenic hydrocarbons. It is characterized by the fineness of its crystals in contrast to the larger crystal paraffin wax. of high weight aliphatic It is generally viscous, denser, tackier and more elastic and has a higher molecular weight and melting The elastic adhesive characteristics of microcrystalline waxes are to the non-straight chain components which they contain. microcrystalline wax crystal structure is small and thin, making them more flexible than paraffin wax. commonly used in cosmetic Microcrystalline waxes when by refiners typically to meet number of ASTM specifications. These include congeal point (ASTM D938), needle (D1321), color (ASTM D6045), and viscosity (ASTM D445). Microcrystalline waxes be into two categories: grades and "hardening" grades. laminating typically have a melt 140-175 and 25 above. hardening grades will range about 175-200 F, and have needle penetration of 25 grades can range from brown to white, depending the degree of processing done
 sometimes called
meta-anthraCite. Very fiNe flaKe gRapHiTe is SomeTimes called
amoRPhouS in the trade;

3> Lump graphitE (also CaLLed vEIn
GraphIte) occuRS iN FIssUrE vEinS oR FrActurEs aNd appeaRs as
massivE plAtY intergrowthS Of Fibrous or aCicUlar crystallIne
AggregAtEs, aND is prObaBly hyDrotheRMal in oRigin.

GrapHiTE
and grAPhite poWDEr Are vAlued in industrial APpLIcations for its
Self-luBrICaTINg aNd dRy lubricatInG propERties. NaTUrAL GRapHIte is
mostly coNsumed for reFRacTories, StEelMAking, eXpandEd GRapHite,
brake liNingS, and foundRy faciNGs-lubriCAnts. PenCils usE grAphIte,
nOT lEaD.

MiCrOCrySTaLliNE waXes are a tYpE oF wax pRoduCED BY de-oIliNg
peTrolaTum, as part of thE peTrolEUm rEfiniNg proCess. in ContrAst
to tHe morE fAmiliar paraffin Wax wHich contaIns MoStlY uNbranCHed
alkAneS, miCrocrysTalline WAx cOnTAINs A higher percentage oF
iSOPaRaffinic (BranchED) hYdROcarbons AnD naPhthENIc hydRocaRBoNs.
It is chAracteRIzEd By the fiNeNess of ItS crYstAls in COntrAst to
tHe larger CrystAL of paraffin wax. iT consists of hiGH mOLEcULar
wEigHt saturated AlipHAtic HydrOCaRboNS. It is GenerAlLY dARker,
more viscous, densEr, TackieR and mOre elastic thaN paraffin wAXES,
and has a HighER mOLecular weight aNd melTing point. THE elastic And
adHesive chAracterisTICs of micrOcrYstAllIne WAXeS are related to
THE non-StRaight cHaiN componEntS whIch TheY cOntain. TypIcal
micrOcRyStAlLinE wax cRYstal strUcTurE iS smAll anD Thin, maKing
tHem mOrE fLExiBle than PArAFFin wAx. it Is coMmoNlY used In
coSMetIc formuLations.

MiCroCRystAlLiNe waxes When produced bY wAx refiners ArE tyPicallY
PRoduced tO meet a number of ASTM speciFIcationS. ThEse inCludE
congeal pOinT (ASTM D938), NeeDLe peneTratioN (D1321), colOr (aSTm
d6045), And viSCOsIty (aStM D445). MicrocrYSTalLine wAxEs caN
generaLly be put into two catEGorIes: "laminating" GraDes aND
"HaRdeNInG" GraDeS. the LAMinating grades tYpically haVe A MeLt
point of 140-175 F ANd nEeDle peneTration Of 25 or aBOve. The
hArdening gRades will RaNge fROM abOut 175-200 F, and havE a needle
PenetratiON of 25 or BElOw. ColOr iN both gRaDes Can raNge froM
BroWn to wHite, dePeNding oN the dEgRee of proCessing done
 sometimes called
meta-ant hracite. V ery f ine  fl ak e gr aphi te is sometime s  cal led
amorphous in the t rade; 
3 > Lu m pgraph ite (al s oc a lle dve ingr a ph ite)occ urs infissure ve ins  o r fracturesa nd  appears a s
m assive platy  in tergro wt hso f fib rou s oracicul a r crys talline
a gg r egates ,  and is p ro babl y hydrothermal in or i gin.

Graphite 
and g ra p hi t e  po wde r are valu ed  in i n dustria l  a p p l ica t ions for itsself-lubric a tin g anddr y l u bricat ing p ro p ert ies. Natura l gr aphite is 
mostl y  consum e d for r efract ori es,  ste e lm ak ing ,e xpa n de d g r aph ite,
bra ke  l ining s, a n d f ound ryfaci ngs-l ubricants. Pe nci ls u s e g raphi te,
n ot l ea d.

M icrocr ystal li ne waxes are atype  of wax p rod uc edby  de-o i ling
p etr ola tum, as  part o f  th ep e t ro leum refining proc es s .  I n contra st
tot he  m o re famil ia r p araf f i n wax  whi c hcontains  mostl y  u nb ranched 
a lkanes ,mic roc rysta l line  wax c ontainsa hig h er percentageo f
isoparaffin i c( b ra n ched ) h ydrocarbons  and naph then i chyd r ocarb ons.It is characterized by th efinene ss of  its crystals  in contra s t to
the l arge r  c r ystal of paraf fin w ax. It con s ists ofhighmolecula r
weights a turatedali pha tic  hy d r oc arbons. It is g ener al ly dark er, 
more v isc ous , d ens er , tackier  and mor eel as ti c t han p a raffin w ax es, 
a ndhas a higher  mole cula rwe i ght  and me l ti n g  poi nt .Theela st ic an d
ad h esi ve char acteristi cso f mi cr oc rystall ine waxes are  r elated toth e n on-str a i ght chai n components which they contain . T ypica l
mi crocrysta lli ne wax  cr y stal s tructu re is  s mal l and t h i n,  ma ki ng
them mo r e  fl exibl ethan  paraff in wax. It is comm o nly  used in
cosm eti c fo r m ul ati o ns . 

M ic r ocr y s talline waxes w hen produc ed by  wax refin e rsar e typic ally
pr oduce d  to mee t a numbe r of ASTM  s peci f i cat ions. Thes e includ e
congeal point (A STM D 938 ), nee dl e p enetr ation( D13 21),color(A STM
D6 045),  a nd visco sity (ASTM D445). Micro crysta lline  wa xes can
g ene r all y be putinto  two categ ori es:  "lam ina t ing"grad e sand "hard enin g " grades. Th e l a m in ating grade s t ypi cally  ha v e a me lt
p oint of 140-175 F and needle pen etra t i onof2 5 or  a bove. The
hard eni ng g rades wi ll  range from  about 1 75 - 200 F , andhave a  needle p en e tratio n of  25  or below . C ol o r in bo th  g r ades c an r an ge fro m
brow n  tow h ite, depending o n the d egree ofproce ss ing don e 
 sometimes_called
meta-anthracite. Very_fine flake graphite is_sometimes called
amorphous_in_the trade;

3>_Lump_graphite (also called_vein
graphite) occurs in_fissure veins or fractures_and appears as
massive_platy_intergrowths of fibrous or acicular crystalline
aggregates, and is probably hydrothermal in origin.

Graphite
and graphite powder_are_valued in_industrial_applications_for its
self-lubricating and dry lubricating_properties. Natural graphite is
mostly consumed_for refractories,_steelmaking, expanded graphite,
brake linings, and foundry facings-lubricants. Pencils_use_graphite,
not lead.

Microcrystalline waxes_are a type of wax produced by de-oiling
petrolatum, as_part of the petroleum refining process._In contrast
to the_more_familiar_paraffin wax which contains_mostly unbranched
alkanes, microcrystalline wax contains a_higher percentage of
isoparaffinic (branched) hydrocarbons and_naphthenic hydrocarbons.
It is characterized by the fineness_of its crystals in contrast to
the_larger crystal of paraffin wax._It consists_of high molecular
weight saturated aliphatic_hydrocarbons. It is_generally darker,
more_viscous, denser, tackier_and more elastic than paraffin waxes,
and_has a higher_molecular weight and melting point. The_elastic_and
adhesive characteristics of_microcrystalline_waxes_are related_to
the non-straight chain_components_which they_contain._Typical
microcrystalline wax crystal structure is small_and_thin, making
them more flexible than paraffin wax._It is commonly used_in
cosmetic_formulations.

Microcrystalline waxes when produced_by wax refiners are typically
produced_to meet a number of ASTM_specifications. These_include
congeal point_(ASTM D938), needle penetration (D1321), color (ASTM
D6045), and viscosity (ASTM D445)._Microcrystalline waxes can
generally be put into_two categories: "laminating" grades_and
"hardening" grades._The_laminating grades typically_have_a melt
point_of 140-175 F and needle penetration of_25 or_above. The
hardening grades will range from_about 175-200 F, and_have_a needle
penetration of 25 or below._Color in both grades can range_from
brown to white, depending on_the_degree_of processing done