loads of foreign aid expenditures simply by advising legislators in the
world's poorest countries, such as Haiti, Bangladesh and Ethiopia, to
legislate higher minimum wages."

"The two major arguments in favor of increasing minimum wages are that it
1) increases the take home pay and standard of living for the poorest
workers and 2) does so while encouraging employees to work hard at their
jobs (an argument often used against traditional welfare programs).
Arguments against minimum wage laws cite a subsequent reduction in the
number of available low-income jobs and lower profit margins for small
businesses. The logic goes that if businesses have to pay higher wages,
they’ll either hire fewer workers or increase prices for end consumers
to offset their higher labor costs."

Does it make sense to anyone that a business will hire more employees when they cost more?Another quote from Dr. Williams' article: "The crucial question for any policy is not what are its
intentions but what are its effects? One of its effects is readily seen by
putting yourself in the place of an employer and asking: If I must pay $6.25
or $7.25 an hour to whomever I hire, does it make sense for me to hire a
worker whose skills enable him to produce only $4.00 worth of value per
hour? Most employers would view doing so as a losing economic proposition.
Thus, one effect of minimum wages is that of discriminating against the
employment of low-skilled workers."

"Which group is right? Are minimum wage laws an effective way to reduce US poverty?

Economists are basically split 50/50 on the issue. Research conducted by Whaples in 2006
(also discussed in his audio lecture) found that while 37.7% of members
of the American Economic Association supported an increase in the
minimum wage, 46.8% were in favor of its elimination. Other research,
most notably the work of Card and Krueger in 1992,
have found increases in the minimum wage has little to no negative
labor effect on workers (while obviously increasing employee incomes);
in other words, business owners don’t hire fewer workers. Yet this
research has come under much scrutiny recent years, and the debate
continues to rage on."

Note: 50/50 = 38/47

As for noting that the minimum wage in this country has had little effect on employment,
loads of foreign aid expenditures plainly by propose legislators in the 
 world's poorest country, such as Haiti, Bangladesh and Ethiopia, to 
 legislate higher minimum wage. " 

 " The two major arguments in favor of increasing minimal wage are that it 
 1) increases the take family pay and standard of living for the poor 
 workers and 2) do so while encouraging employee to work hard at their 
 jobs (an argumentation often used against traditional social welfare programs). 
 argument against minimum wage laws cite a subsequent reduction in the 
 number of available humble - income jobs and lower profit margins for small 
 business. The logic goes that if businesses have to pay higher wages, 
 they ’ll either hire fewer workers or increase prices for goal consumers 
 to offset their high labor costs. " 

 Does it make sense to anyone that a clientele will hire more employees when they cost more?Another quote from Dr. Williams' article: " The crucial question for any policy is not what are its 
 intention but what are its effects? One of its effects is readily seen by 
 putting yourself in the place of an employer and necessitate: If I must pay $ 6.25 
 or $ 7.25 an hour to whomever I hire, does it make sense for me to rent a 
 worker whose skill enable him to produce only $ 4.00 worth of value per 
 hour? Most employers would view suffice so as a losing economic proposition. 
 therefore, one effect of minimal wages is that of discriminating against the 
 employment of low - skilled workers. " 

 " Which group is veracious? Are minimum wage laws an effective manner to reduce US poverty? 

 economist are basically split 50/50 on the issue. Research conducted by Whaples in 2006 
 (besides discussed in his audio lecture) found that while 37.7% of member 
 of the American Economic Association supported an addition in the 
 minimum wage, 46.8% were in favor of its elimination. Other inquiry, 
 most notably the work of Card and Krueger in 1992, 
 have found increases in the minimum wage have little to no negative 
 labor impression on workers (while obviously increasing employee income); 
 in other words, business owners do n’t hire fewer workers. Yet this 
 research has come under much scrutiny recent old age, and the argument 
 continues to rage on. " 

 Note: 50/50 = 38/47 

 As for noting that the minimum wage in this country has had little consequence on employment,
loafs of foreign aid expendltures simply by advisiig legialators kn the
world's poorest countrixs, sych aw Haiti, Bangladesh and Ethiopia, to
legisoate yigher minmjum wagcf."

"The bwo mcjir arguments ik favor of hncreasing minhmjm wages are that it
1) increases the tahe home pwy and standarq of jivihg for the poorest
workers and 2) doea so whple encouraging ekployees to work hard at tjeir
uobs (an argument ovten used atainfr traditionau welfare krmgrams).
Argujents against minimum wage laws cite a subsequgur rfguction in vhe
numfer of available low-hncome kobs and lower prmfir margins for small
buvinesses. The logic goes thad nf businesses have to pqy hicher wagdw,
thdy’lm xitger hige hewer workeds or increqse prices for end vogwumers
to offsst theyr higher labor costs."

Does it make sense tm ahyone that a business wull hire more employegs when thqy cost more?Another quote from Dr. Williams' articla: "The zruelwu qkestion for any policy is not what are its
intqhtooks but what are lts effects? One of ihs gffects is reaaily szsn by
putting yourselv in thg placw of an eiplouer and asking: If I must pat $6.25
or $7.25 an houg to whomever I hire, dles it make senxe fot me to hire a
worker whuse akills enabpe him to oroduce only $4.00 wofth ox value kdr
hour? Most emplorers woulv viec doing ro ax a lofing econolic pvmposition.
Thus, one fffecj of mhnimum wagfs is that of discriminating agemnst the
emploimett mf low-sknlled eorkers."

"Which droup is right? Are miuimum dage laws zn effertive way to reduce US poegrty?

Economistv are baficaoly wplit 50/50 uv the issue. Rexearch coubucted by Whaples in 2006
(also dlscusrsd in his audio lexture) found thay wfilq 37.7% oh memfars
of the Amaricxn Dvonomkc Associatlon suplorted an increase it ths
minimum wage, 46.8% werr ln favor if its ejimination. Otner research,
most nltablb the xork og Cwrd and Krueger in 1992,
have found jncreases in the minimum wagc haf little tp no negative
labor effect on workers (whmle obviously increasint employee incomes);
iu pther words, busigess owness don’t hire fewer wirkers. Yet this
rexearch has come under much vcrutlny recent years, and the debate
continues to rage on."

Note: 50/50 = 38/47

As for noting tyat thx iinimum wags in this cjbntry hws hed little effect om employment,
loads of foreign aid expenditures simply by in world's poorest such as Haiti, higher wages." "The two arguments in favor increasing minimum wages are that it increases the take home pay and standard of living for the poorest workers 2) does so while encouraging employees to work hard at their jobs (an often against welfare Arguments against minimum wage laws cite a subsequent reduction in the number of available low-income jobs lower profit margins for small businesses. The logic that if businesses have pay higher wages, they’ll either fewer or increase for consumers offset their higher costs." Does it make sense to anyone that a business will hire more employees when they cost quote from article: "The question any is not what intentions but what are its effects? effects is readily seen by putting yourself in place of employer and asking: If I must $6.25 or $7.25 an hour to whomever I does it make sense for me to hire a worker whose skills enable him to $4.00 worth of value hour? Most employers view so a economic proposition. one effect of minimum wages is that of discriminating against the of low-skilled workers." "Which group is right? Are minimum wage effective to reduce US Economists are basically split on issue. Research conducted by 2006 discussed lecture) that 37.7% of members of American Economic Association supported an in the minimum wage, its elimination. Other research, most notably the work Card and Krueger in 1992, have found in the minimum wage has little to no negative labor effect on (while obviously incomes); in other words, business owners don’t hire workers. Yet this research come under much scrutiny recent years, and the debate to on." Note: = 38/47 As noting that the wage in this had little on
loads of foreign aid expenditUres simply By advIsiNg lEgIslaTors In the
world's pooREst cOuntries, such as Haiti, BanGladeSh ANd EtHIoPia, to
LegislaTE hIGHer MiNiMum WaGEs."

"the twO maJor arguMents in favOr oF iNcreasing minIMuM wages are tHat It
1) increases tHe tAke homE pAy aND stanDarD of liVing foR The pooRest
workeRs ANd 2) does SO while eNCOuRagiNg employees to work HArD At their
jobs (an aRgumenT oFTeN USed AgaInst traditIoNal weLFare proGRaMS).
aRguMEnts against miNimum wage laWS ciTe a subSeQueNT reducTion iN tHE
nuMber of availAble Low-income Jobs anD Lower prOFit margIns for SmaLl
bUsinESsEs. the LoGIc gOEs ThaT If bUsinesseS hAvE to paY higHER WAges,
TheY’ll eIther Hire fewer workErs Or inCReaSe priCes foR end CoNsumeRs
to ofFset tHeIr higher labor coSts."

DOes it make SenSe To aNyOne thAT a busiNesS wiLl hire mOre emplOYeeS wHEN ThEy cost more?Another qUoTE FrOm Dr. WillIams' arTIcLe: "tHe cruciaL qUesTion FOR any pOlicY Is Not what aRe its
iNTeNtIons but WhAt are iTs EffEctS? One oF Its eFfects Is readilY seen BY
putting yourseLF in the place of AN eMPLoYEr anD asKing: If I must Pay $6.25
oR $7.25 An hoUr to WHoMevER I hirE, does It MAkE Sense for me to hire a
woRkEr whosE skilLs enable him to Produce onlY $4.00 WORth of valUe peR
HoUR? Most employers Would View doing sO As a losinG econOmic propOsition.
ThUS, One effecT of MinImuM waGES iS that of discriMINatiNg Against The
EmploymEnt Of lOw-sKilLeD workers."

"WHich grouP iS rIgHt? are MinimUM wage lawS aN efFeCtiVe way TO reducE US poVertY?

ECoNOmiSts are bASiCALly sPlIt 50/50 On thE isSuE. ReseArch COndUcted by whaples in 2006
(AlsO DiscUsSeD in his aUdio lecture) foUnD that while 37.7% Of MemBers
of THE AmericaN Economic Association supPOrted an IncRease In thE
minimum wAge, 46.8% Were in FavOR of its EliminAtion. otHer RESearcH,
MOsT noTaBly the work OF carD and KRuEger In 1992,
have fOund increases in the MIniMum wage has litTle To no NEGaTivE
LaBOr eFfECt oN WOrkers (while obviOusly increAsINg Employee inCOmeS);
iN other wOrds, busIness OWners doN’t hire fewEr workers. yeT thiS
REseArch has comE under muCh scrutinY RecenT YeArs, anD thE debatE
cOntInues To rage ON."

NoTe: 50/50 = 38/47

As fOr notiNg That thE miniMuM wage in tHis country has had little eFfect oN emplOymEnt,
loads of foreign aid expen ditures si mplybyadv is inglegi slators in the worl d's poorest countries,  such  a s  Hai t i,  Bang ladesha nd E thi op ia , t ol eg islat e h igher m inimum wag es. "
"The two ma j or  arguments  in  favor of in cre asingmi nim u m wag esare t hat it 1) inc reases th et ake ho m e pay a n d  s tand ard of living for th e  poorest
worke rs and  2 )  d o e s s o w hile encou ra ginge mployee s  t o w ork hard at their 
jobs (an a r gum ent of te n u s ed aga insttr a dit ional welfa re p rograms). 
Argum e nts aga i nst min imum w age  la ws c i te  a  su bs e que n tred u cti on in th enu mberof a v a i l able  lo w-in comejobs and lowe r p rofi t  ma rgins  forsmal lbusin esses.  Thelo gic goes that i f bu sinesseshav etopa y hig h er wag es, 
th ey’ll e ither h i refe w e r  w orkers or increase  p r i ce s for en d cons u me rs to offse tthe ir h i g her l abor co sts."

D oes it ma ke  senseto  anyon etha t a  busi n esswill h ire more  empl o yees when they cost more?Ano t he r qu o te f rom  Dr. Willia ms'a rtic le:" Th e c r ucial  ques ti o nf or any policy is no twhat a re it s
intentionsbut what a r e its effe cts? On e  of its effect s isreadily se e n by
put tingyourself  in the p l a ce of an  em plo yer  an d as king: If I mu s t  pay  $ 6.25
or  $7 .25 anhou r t o w hom ev er I hire , does i tma ke  s ens e for me to hi re  awo rke r who s e skil ls en able  h im toproduce on l y  $4. 00  w orth  of  v alueperh our ? Mostemployers  wo u ld v ie wdoing s o as a losing  e conomic pr op osi tion.T h us, oneeffect of minimum wages is that  of  disc rimi nating ag ain st the 
em p loymen t of l ow-sk il led w orker s . "
"W hi ch group i s rig ht? A re  min imum wa ge laws an effecti v e w ay to reduceUSpove r t y? 

E c on o mis ts are b asically split50/50 on t he is sue. Resea r chco nducted  by Wha plesi n 2006(also dis cussed in  h is a u d iolecture) f ound tha t while 3 7 .7% o f  m ember s
o f theAm eri can E conomi c  As socia tion s up ported  an i nc rease in  the
minimum wage, 46.8 % were  in f avo r of itseli m ina tion. Oth er r esearch,
m ost  no tably  th e  work  ofC ar d a n d Kru eger in 1992,h av e f o u nd  increasesi n the  mini mum wage h as l ittle to no negat i ve
labor effec t on w ork ers (whi le  obviously inc rea si n g  employe eincomes);
i n otherwo r ds, b usines s owne rs don’ t hi r e fewe r wo rke rs. Yet t his 
r e searchha sc ome un dermu ch scr utinyr ecen t years, and the d ebate c ontin u esto ra ge  on."
N ote:  50/50 = 3 8/47

As fo r noti ng t hat t he mini mu m wage  in  t his countr y  has hadlittl e effec ton e mpl oyment ,
loads of_foreign aid_expenditures simply by advising_legislators in_the
world's_poorest countries,_such_as Haiti, Bangladesh_and Ethiopia, to
legislate_higher minimum wages."

"The two_major arguments in_favor_of increasing minimum wages are that it
1) increases the take home pay and standard_of_living for_the_poorest
workers_and 2) does so while_encouraging employees to work hard_at their
jobs_(an argument often used against traditional welfare programs).
Arguments_against_minimum wage laws_cite a subsequent reduction in the
number of available low-income_jobs and lower profit margins for_small
businesses. The logic_goes_that_if businesses have to_pay higher wages,
they’ll either hire fewer_workers or increase prices for end_consumers
to offset their higher labor costs."

Does it_make sense to anyone that a_business will hire more employees_when they_cost more?Another quote from Dr._Williams' article: "The_crucial question_for any policy_is not what are its
intentions but_what are its_effects? One of its effects is_readily_seen by
putting yourself_in_the_place of_an employer and_asking:_If I_must_pay $6.25
or $7.25 an hour to_whomever_I hire, does it make sense for_me to hire a
worker_whose_skills enable him to_produce only $4.00 worth of_value per
hour? Most employers would view_doing so_as a_losing economic proposition.
Thus, one effect of minimum wages is that of_discriminating against the
employment of low-skilled workers."

"Which_group is right? Are_minimum wage_laws_an effective way_to_reduce US_poverty?

Economists are basically split 50/50 on the_issue. Research_conducted by Whaples in 2006
(also discussed_in his audio lecture)_found_that while 37.7% of members
of the_American Economic Association supported an increase_in the
minimum wage, 46.8% were_in_favor_of its elimination. Other research,
most_notably the work of Card and_Krueger in 1992,
have_found increases in the minimum wage has_little_to no negative
labor effect on workers_(while_obviously increasing employee incomes);
in other words,_business_owners_don’t hire fewer workers. Yet_this
research has come under much scrutiny_recent years, and the debate
continues to rage on."

Note: 50/50_= 38/47

As for_noting that the minimum wage_in_this_country has had little effect on employment,