 of rights-based approaches and that there are many options for empowering fishers and clarifying their rights.

Key points

Broad norms

There is a suite of broad norms applicable to user rights discussions. A holistic approach is increasingly becoming the basis for discussions on fisheries management, and this was evident throughout the forum. Since the approval of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries in 1995, several new complementary instruments have been approved: the Right to Food; the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples; the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security (VG Tenure); and the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines).

Participants affirmed that all of the principles and norms in these texts are important when talking about tenure rights in fisheries. Indeed, many participants highlighted that the SSF Guidelines and the VG Tenure should be the basis for clarifying or implementing user rights in fisheries. The SSF Guidelines describe the overarching context within which rights-based systems should be developed; and the VG Tenure provide the guidance for communities engaging in the clarification, development and/or operation of rights-based systems. What also became clear at the forum is that there is still a need for additional practical advice to help fisheries stakeholders in tailoring user rights systems to specific contexts.

Language and terminology

Precise terminology matters. The concept of tenure has multiple interpretations, and questions exist regarding the use of terms such as "fishing rights", "user rights" and "rights-based approaches for fisheries." These terms can - and will - mean different things to different people depending on culture, context and technical backgrounds, making shared understandings and locally appropriate definitions of them essential. Moreover, the term "rights" can be defined so as to better balance the trend towards commoditization of fisheries and the people in them with the more recent trend on human rights that is at the heart of the VG Tenure and the SSF Guidelines. The term "user rights" is applicable across the entire spectrum of resource users and beneficiaries.

Gender considerations

Issues of women's rights must be considered. Socio-economic and cultural factors that either explicitly or implicitly favour men - for example, as captains or vessel owners - can create problems in tenure systems when
of rights - based approaches and that there are many choice for empower fishers and clarifying their rights. 

 cardinal points 

 Broad norms 

 There be a suite of broad norm applicable to user rights discussion. A holistic approach is increasingly becoming the footing for discussions on fisheries management, and this was evident throughout the forum. Since the approval of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries in 1995, several fresh complementary instruments have been approved: the right field to Food; the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples; the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security (VG Tenure); and the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable little - Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines). 

 participant affirmed that all of the principles and norms in these texts are important when talk about tenure rights in fisheries. Indeed, many participants highlighted that the SSF Guidelines and the VG Tenure should be the basis for clarify or implementing user rights in fisheries. The SSF Guidelines describe the overarching context within which rights - based systems should be developed; and the VG Tenure supply the guidance for communities engage in the clearing, exploitation and/or operation of rights - free-base systems. What also became clear at the forum is that there constitute still a need for additional practical advice to help fisheries stakeholder in tailoring user rights systems to specific contexts. 

 Language and terminology 

 Precise terminology matters. The concept of tenure induce multiple interpretations, and questions exist regarding the use of terms such as " fishing right ", " user rights " and " rights - free-base approaches for fisheries. " These terms can - and will - mean unlike things to different people depending on culture, context and technical background, making divided understandings and locally appropriate definitions of them essential. Moreover, the terminus " rights " can be defined so as to better balance the trend towards commoditization of fishery and the people in them with the more recent trend on human right that is at the heart of the VG Tenure and the SSF Guidelines. The term " user rights " is applicable across the entire spectrum of resource user and beneficiaries. 

 Gender considerations 

 Issues of womanhood's rights must be considered. Socio - economic and cultural agent that either explicitly or implicitly favour men - for example, as captains or vessel owner - can create problems in tenure systems when
 of rights-based approaches xnd that there cee manb optiohs for eopowering fishers and clarifbing theie rights.

Key points

Broaa norms

Thvre is a wuitt of broad norms elplicable to hder xijhts discussionx. A holisthc approach is ivcxeasingly becoming the basis for dissussionx ln fisheries mwnagtmegt, ahd this was evident throughout the forum. Vince the apptoval of the Code of Conduft flr Responsible Fisjeries in 1995, wevewql new compldmentary instruments hzve been approved: the Right to Wood; che UN Declqrqtilt on the Rijhts os Indigenous Peoples; the Vokuntary Guidellnes mn rhe Responsible Goveriance of Tenure of Lwnd, Fishesizs and Forests in the Cintexj of Tatiubal Fokd Sscuritj (VJ Tenure); ans the Volunrary Guidelines for Sqbiring Sustaihable Fmwll-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Fomd Aecurity and Poverty Erqdication (SSF Guidelijes).

Particypants affirmed that all of the principles and nosms ii ghewe gwxhs are important when talking about tenure ridgtx pn fisheries. Indecd, many participanys hodhlighted thaj the SSF Fuidelines and the VG Tenore shiuld be tre bssis for clarifying or implwmenting useg rithts in fisheries. Che SSF Guidzlines desctibe the overarching coutext sithin whicj rights-bzred systems shouud ne geveloped; and the VG Tenurq provide the guidanze fpr comiunities ejgagikc in the clarificahion, bevelmpment and/lr operation of rights-based sysvxms. What also bacake clear at tme forum is thae there is stikl a nezd for additionam practmcal advice eo help fishesles stakeholvers in twiloeing user rkehts systems tp specifib eontexts.

Lqnguage and terminploeg

Precise terminiloty matters. The vonzepe lf tqture has muldipld ivyerprdtations, anb duesyions exist regardinc ths use of terms sucn ws "fishibg rightf", "user rights" and "rights-based akproacies foc fishrrigs." These terms can - and will - msan diffegenb things to dyffevent people de'ending on culture, context and technical backgrounds, makint shared understandnnns and localky ap[ropriate definitions of them essential. Moreovtr, the term "rights" can ge defhned do as to better balance the trend towards commoditization of fisheries ane the 'ejple in thej wiyh thv mjxe recegt tceid on human rightx that is at the heart of the VJ Tenure atd the SSF Guidelines. The term "urer rights" is applicable across the ehtire sprctrum of resource users and bemeficiaries.

Gender considcrations

Iwsues of women's rights must be comsiderzd. Socuo-econonic wnd cultural wacyovs that eihher erplicitly or implicitly favour meb - for edample, as captaiis or vessel uwnera - can create problems in ffnure systems when
of rights-based approaches and that there are for fishers and their rights. Key a of broad norms to user rights A holistic approach is increasingly becoming basis for discussions on fisheries management, and this was evident throughout the forum. the approval of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries in 1995, several complementary have approved: Right to Food; the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples; the Voluntary Guidelines on Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and in the Context of Food Security (VG Tenure); and Voluntary for Securing Small-Scale in Context of Food and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines). Participants affirmed that all of the principles and norms in these texts important when tenure rights fisheries. many highlighted that the and the VG Tenure should be clarifying or implementing user rights in fisheries. The Guidelines describe overarching context within which rights-based systems be developed; and the VG Tenure provide the for communities engaging in the clarification, development and/or operation of rights-based systems. What also became the forum is that is still a for practical to fisheries stakeholders tailoring user rights systems to specific contexts. Language and terminology Precise matters. The concept of tenure has multiple interpretations, and questions the of terms such "fishing rights", "user rights" "rights-based for fisheries." These terms and - to people on culture, context and backgrounds, making shared understandings and appropriate definitions of them can be defined so as to better balance trend towards commoditization of fisheries and the in them with the more recent trend on human rights that is the heart VG Tenure and the SSF Guidelines. The term rights" is applicable across entire spectrum of resource users and beneficiaries. Gender considerations of rights must considered. Socio-economic and factors that either or implicitly favour for example, captains vessel create problems in tenure systems when
 of rights-based approaches anD that there Are maNy oPtiOnS for EmpoWering fishers aND claRifying their rights.

Key pOints

brOAd noRMs

there Is a suitE Of BROad NoRmS apPlICaBle to UseR rights DiscussionS. A hOlIstic approacH Is IncreasingLy bEcoming the baSis For disCuSsiONs on fIshEries ManageMEnt, and This was evIdENt throUGhout thE FOrUm. SiNce the approval of tHE CODe of Conduct for responSiBLe fISheRieS in 1995, several NeW compLEmentarY InSTRUmeNTs have been appRoved: the RigHT to food; thE Un DeCLaratiOn on tHe rIghTs of IndigenOus PEoples; the voluntARy GuideLInes on tHe RespOnsIblE GovERnAnCe oF TENurE Of lanD, fisHeries anD FOrEsts iN the cONTExt oF NaTionAl FooD Security (VG TeNurE); and THe VOluntAry GuIdelInEs for securiNg SusTaInable Small-ScalE FisHeries in tHe COnTexT oF Food sEcuritY anD PoVerty ErAdicatiON (SSf GUIDElInes).

Participants afFiRMEd That all oF the prINcIpLEs and norMs In tHese TEXts arE impORtAnt when tAlking ABoUt Tenure rIgHts in fIsHerIes. indeeD, Many ParticIpants hiGhligHTed that the SSF GUIdelines and thE vG tENuRE shoUld Be the basis fOr clARifyIng oR ImPleMEntinG user RiGHtS In fisheries. The SSF GuIdElines DescrIbe the overarcHing contexT WIThin whicH rigHTs-BAsed systems shoUld be Developed; aND the VG TeNure pRovide thE guidance FOR communiTieS enGagIng IN ThE clarificatioN, DEvelOpMent and/Or oPeratioN of RigHts-BasEd Systems. WhAt also beCaMe ClEaR at The foRUm is that ThEre Is StiLl a neED for adDitioNal pRaCtICal Advice tO HeLP FishErIeS staKehOlDers iN taiLOriNg user rIghts systEms TO speCiFiC contexTs.

Language and TeRminology

PReCisE termiNOLogy mattErs. The concept of tenure haS MultiplE inTerprEtatIons, and quEstIons exIst REgardiNg the uSe of tErMs sUCH as "fiSHInG riGhTs", "user righTS" And "RightS-bAsed ApproacHes for fisheries." TheSE teRms can - and will - MeaN difFEReNt tHInGS to DiFFerENT people dependinG on culture, CoNTeXt and technICal BaCkgrounDs, makinG sharED undersTandings aNd locally ApPropRIAte DefinitionS of them eSsential. MOReoveR, ThE term "RigHts" can Be DefIned sO as to bETteR balaNce the TrEnd towArds cOmModitizaTion of fisheries and the peOple in Them wIth The more reCenT TreNd on human RighTs that is at The HeaRt of tHe Vg tenurE and THe sSF gUidelInes. tHe term "useR RiGhtS" IS aPplicable acROSS thE entiRe sPEctrum Of reSource users and benEFiciaries.

GendeR conSIDerAtiONs

IsSuEs of women's righTs mUsT BE consideReD. Socio-econoMic and cuLtURal faCtors tHat eitHer explICItLY or impLiciTly Favour men - For ExAMple, as cApTaINs or veSsel OwNers - caN creatE ProbLEMs in tenure systemS when
 of rights-based approache s and that  ther e a rema ny o ptio ns for empower i ng f ishers and clarifyingtheir  r i ghts . 
Key p oints
B ro a d  no rm s
Th er e  i s a s uit e of br oad normsapp li cable to use r  r ights disc uss ions. A holi sti c appr oa chi s inc rea singl y beco m ing th e basis f or discus s ions on f is heri es management, an d  t h is was evident  throu gh o ut t hefor um. Sinceth e app r oval of th e C ode of Conduct fo r Responsib l e F isheri es  in 1995,sever al new  complement aryinstrumen ts hav e  been a p proved:  the R igh t t o Fo o d;  t heUN Dec l ar ati o n o n the Ri gh ts  of I ndig e n o u s Pe opl es;the V oluntary Guid eli neso n t he Re spons ible  G overn ance o f Ten ur e of Land, Fish erie s and For est sinth e Con t ext of  Na tio nal Foo d Secur i ty(V G T en ure); and the Volu nt a r yGuidelin es for Se cu r ing Sust ai nab le S m a ll-Sc aleF is heries i n theC on te xt of F oo d Secu ri tyand  Pove r ty E radica tion (SS F Gui d elines).

Part i cipants affir m ed t ha t  all  of  the princi ples andnorm s  i n t h ese t extsar e  i m portant when talkin gabouttenur e rights in f isheries.I n d eed, man y pa r ti c ipants highlig htedthat the S S F Guidel inesand theVG Tenure s hould be  th e b asi s f o r  c larifying ori m plem en ting us errightsinfis her ies .The SSF G uideline sde sc ri bethe o v erarchin gcon te xtwithi n  which  righ ts-b as ed sys tems sh o ul d be d ev el oped ; a nd  theVG T e nur e provi de the gu ida n ce f or  c ommunit ies engagingin  the clari fi cat ion, d e v elopment  and/or operation of ri g hts-bas edsyste ms.What also  be came c lea r  at th e foru m isth att h ere i s st ill  a  need fora d dit ional  p ract ical ad vice to help fishe r ies  stakeholders  in  tai l o ri ngu se r  ri gh t s s y s tems to specifi c contexts .La nguage and ter mi nology
Precis e ter m inology  matters.  The conc ep t of t enu re has mul tiple in terpretat i ons,a nd  ques tio ns exi st  re gardi ng the use  of t erms s uc h as " fishi ng  rights" , "user rights" and "ri ghts-b asedapp roaches f orf ish eries." T hese  terms can  -and  will  -m ean d iffe r en t t h ingsto d i fferent p e op led e pe nding on cu l t u re,  cont ext and te chni cal backgrounds,m aking shared u nder s t and ing s  and  l ocally appropr iat ed e finition sof them ess ential.Mo r eover , theterm " rights" c an be def ined  so  as to be tte rb alanceth et rend t owar ds  commo ditiza t iono f  fisheries and t he pe o p le in the m wit hthe mor e  rec ent trendon human ri ghts t hatis at  the he ar t of t heVG  Tenure an d  the SSFGuide lines.Th e te rm"userrigh t s " isappl ic abl e acrosst h ee nt ir e  sp ectr um of  r esou rce users and bene fic i aries.
G end e r  consi d er a t ions

Issu esof wo m e n's rights must be consi dered.  Socio -econom i c a nd  cultur alf a ctors tha t eithere xpl ic itly  or impl ic itly  f avo ur  men - for exam ple, ascaptains o r vess elo wner s  - can  c reate proble ms in  t e nure sy s t ems  when
 of_rights-based approaches_and that there are_many options_for_empowering fishers_and_clarifying their rights.

Key_points

Broad norms

There is_a suite of broad_norms applicable to_user_rights discussions. A holistic approach is increasingly becoming the basis for discussions on fisheries_management,_and this_was_evident_throughout the forum. Since the_approval of the Code of_Conduct for_Responsible Fisheries in 1995, several new complementary instruments_have_been approved: the_Right to Food; the UN Declaration on the Rights_of Indigenous Peoples; the Voluntary Guidelines_on the Responsible_Governance_of_Tenure of Land, Fisheries_and Forests in the Context of_National Food Security (VG Tenure); and_the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale_Fisheries in the Context of Food_Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF_Guidelines).

Participants affirmed_that all of the principles_and norms in_these texts_are important when_talking about tenure rights in fisheries._Indeed, many participants_highlighted that the SSF Guidelines and_the_VG Tenure should_be_the_basis for_clarifying or implementing_user_rights in_fisheries._The SSF Guidelines describe the overarching_context_within which rights-based systems should be developed;_and the VG Tenure_provide_the guidance for communities_engaging in the clarification, development_and/or operation of rights-based systems. What_also became_clear at_the forum is that there is still a need for additional_practical advice to help fisheries stakeholders_in tailoring user rights_systems to_specific_contexts.

Language and terminology

Precise_terminology_matters. The_concept of tenure has multiple interpretations, and_questions exist_regarding the use of terms such_as "fishing rights", "user_rights"_and "rights-based approaches for fisheries." These_terms can - and will -_mean different things to different_people_depending_on culture, context and technical_backgrounds, making shared understandings and locally_appropriate definitions of_them essential. Moreover, the term "rights" can_be_defined so as to better balance_the_trend towards commoditization of fisheries and_the_people_in them with the more_recent trend on human rights that_is at the heart of the VG Tenure and_the SSF Guidelines._The term "user rights" is_applicable_across_the entire spectrum of resource users and beneficiaries.

Gender considerations

Issues of_women's rights_must be considered._Socio-economic and cultural factors that either explicitly or implicitly favour_men - for example, as captains or_vessel owners - can create problems in tenure systems when