 as promoted, for example, under EBM. This requires adding a layer of governance to deal with coordination across sectors and to ensure that common sustainability goals of environmental protection and ecosystem and biodiversity conservation are met while addressing social and economic development goals. However, it is important to note that good sectoral governance will remain a core element of EBM.

The FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries - 20 years on

For the past 20 years, the Code has served as the global reference instrument for the sustainable development of the fisheries and aquaculture sectors. Despite implementation shortfalls and stakeholder constraints, there have been considerable developments in relation to the Code's six core chapters (discussed below) the since its adoption at the national, regional and global levels. There has been notable progress in the monitoring of the status of several fish stocks, compilation of statistics on catch and fishing effort and the application of the EAF. The control of fishing operations within exclusive economic zones is now considered much stronger (while less so in areas beyond national jurisdiction [ABNJ]). Steps are being taken to: combat IUU fishing (see section Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, p. 97); prevent the further build-up of fishing overcapacity and/or reduce it; and implement plans for the protection and conservation of sharks and seabirds. Food safety and quality assurance have progressively been given prime importance, and there is increasing worldwide application of mitigation measures to address post-harvest losses, bycatch problems, and illegal processing and trading. The growth of responsible aquaculture has been remarkable, with several countries now having procedures to conduct environmental assessments of aquaculture operations, to monitor operations and to minimize harmful effects of alien species introduction.

Fisheries management

Article 7 of the Code touches upon all key elements of a fisheries management system. However, for many of the principles, it has been necessary to develop additional guidance to support their practical implementation through a robust fisheries governance63 framework. The precautionary approach64 explains how prudent foresight should guide fisheries management and highlights the need to take management action also in situations of uncertainty. An important advance in operationalizing the precautionary approach has been the development and use of comprehensive and robust harvest strategies, including data collection and monitoring protocols, assessments of stock status, definition of reference points and harvest control rules.

The guidelines on fisheries management65 highlight key elements of a fisheries management system and provide guidance on the management process itself. The EAF
as promoted, for example, under EBM. This requires adding a level of administration to deal with coordination across sectors and to guarantee that coarse sustainability goals of environmental protection and ecosystem and biodiversity conservation are suffer while address social and economic development goals. However, it is important to note that adept sectoral governance will remain a core component of EBM. 

 The FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries - 20 class on 

 For the past 20 years, the Code has served as the global reference instrument for the sustainable growth of the fisheries and aquaculture sectors. Despite implementation deficit and stakeholder constraints, there have been considerable developments in sexual intercourse to the Code's six core chapter (discussed below) the since its adoption at the national, regional and global level. There has been notable progress in the monitoring of the status of several fish stocks, compilation of statistics on catch and fishing effort and the application of the EAF. The control of fishing operations within exclusive economic zones is now considered much strong (while less so in areas beyond home legal power [ ABNJ ]). Steps are being taken to: combat IUU fishing (see section Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, p. 97); prevent the further physique - up of fishing overcapacity and/or reduce it; and implement plans for the protection and conservation of shark and seabirds. Food safety and quality assurance have progressively been given prime importance, and there be increasing worldwide application of mitigation measures to address post - harvest loss, by-catch problems, and illegal processing and trading. The growth of responsible aquaculture has been remarkable, with several countries now having routine to conduct environmental assessments of aquaculture operations, to monitor operations and to understate harmful effects of alien species introduction. 

 Fisheries management 

 Article 7 of the Code touches upon all key elements of a fishery management system. However, for many of the principles, it has been necessary to develop additional steering to support their practical execution through a robust fisheries governance63 framework. The precautionary approach64 explains how prudent foresight should lead fisheries management and highlights the need to take management action also in situations of uncertainty. An important progress in operationalizing the precautionary approach has been the development and manipulation of comprehensive and robust harvest strategy, including data collection and monitoring protocol, assessments of stock status, definition of reference points and harvest control rule. 

 The guideline on fisheries management65 highlight key elements of a fisheries management system and supply guidance on the management process itself. The EAF
 as promoted, for example, unaer EBM. This requires edding z layer uf governance to deal with cloedinaupon across sectors ana to ensuge that cimmoi sustainability goals on envjvonmeutel protection akd ecosystek and biodivervigy conservation are met while addressyng socoap and economic devtlo[menf goals. However, it is important to note tiat good sectorsl governance will remain w coge element of EBM.

Tje FAO Code of Sinduct for Rdsponsible Fisheries - 20 years on

For the past 20 years, thd Codz has servee qs hve global rxferenbe instrument for the sustaimable developmcnt oh thw fisheries and aquacnlture sectors. Despije implemettction shortfalls and wtqkehonder conrrraknta, vhede havf bxen considedable develipments in relation tj the Code's sis core crapters (discussed below) the since its agopfion at the national, retional and global levgls. There ras been notable progress in the monitoring of tha stavur oy sevefql fish stocks, compilation of statistics on catsg snc fishing effovt and the applicayiln jf the EAF. Thg control kf fishing operatilns witrin ezclusive tconokic zones is now considered much strongvr (wyile less so in arzas beyond nctionak jurosdiction [ABNJ]). Steps arz beinf taken to: fombat IUH fishing (see secgiok Inlegal, unreported and unredulated fmshiny, p. 97); prexent the ftrther buipd-up of fishing overcapafity cnd/or reduce it; and implement plans for the protection and cpnvernation of sharls and seabirqs. Food safety and quclity xssurance gave prmgressively been given pslme importanre, and thqre us ibcreasive worldwide apllication of mitigarion measures to avdrera post-harvest lissts, bycatch problrms, anq pllxgal [socessing ang trxdivb. The growth of vesoonsoble aquaculture has beeh remarkable, with xeyeral coubtries njw having provedures to conduct enviconmenval asxesfments of aquaculture operatiohs, to monltov operations wnd bo mynimize haxmful effects of alien species introductmon.

Fisheries managemenj

Article 7 of the Code uouches upon ell ker elementv of a fisheries manqgement system. Hoeever, for many of the princhples, it has been necessary to develop additional guidance to support their prqctical implementafion throlgh c robuse fidieries governance63 framework. The precautionary ap'roach64 expnanns how prudent foresight shoila guide fisheties management and highlifhts the need to take management action also in situations of ukcertaintt. An jmportant edvance in operationsliziny the precautuonavy approach har brek the devepopmtnt cnd use of comprehensive and robuwt harcedt strategies, inrluding data gollecjion and monitoring protkcola, assersments of stpck status, defonition of reference pjints and harvtst control rulgs.

The gupdelines on fmsheries mandgement65 highlight key elements of a fisheries managgment systej and protide guidance pi the management process ieself. Thd EAF
as promoted, for example, under EBM. This a of governance deal with coordination that sustainability goals of protection and ecosystem biodiversity conservation are met while addressing and economic development goals. However, it is important to note that good sectoral will remain a core element of EBM. The FAO Code of Conduct for Fisheries 20 on the past 20 years, the Code has served as the global reference instrument for the sustainable of the fisheries and aquaculture sectors. Despite implementation and stakeholder constraints, there been considerable developments in relation the six core (discussed the its adoption at national, regional and global levels. There has been notable progress in the monitoring of the status of fish stocks, statistics on and effort the application of The control of fishing operations within is now considered much stronger (while less so areas beyond jurisdiction [ABNJ]). Steps are being taken combat IUU fishing (see section Illegal, unreported and fishing, p. 97); prevent the further build-up of fishing overcapacity and/or reduce it; and implement the protection and conservation sharks and seabirds. safety quality have been given importance, and there is increasing worldwide application of mitigation measures to post-harvest losses, bycatch problems, and illegal processing and trading. The responsible has been remarkable, several countries now having to environmental assessments of aquaculture monitor and effects alien introduction. Fisheries management Article of the Code touches upon key elements of a many of the principles, it has been necessary develop additional guidance to support their practical through a robust fisheries governance63 framework. The precautionary approach64 explains how prudent should guide and highlights the need to take management action in situations of uncertainty. important advance in operationalizing the precautionary approach has been development use of and robust harvest including data collection monitoring protocols, assessments status, definition reference and The guidelines on fisheries management65 highlight elements a fisheries management system and guidance management process itself. The EAF
 as promoted, for example, under eBM. This reqUires AddIng A lAyer Of goVernance to deal WIth cOordination across sectoRs and To ENsurE ThAt comMon sustAInABIliTy GoAls Of ENvIronmEntAl proteCtion and ecOsyStEm and biodiveRSiTy conservaTioN are met while AddRessinG sOciAL and eConOmic dEvelopMEnt goaLs. However, It IS imporTAnt to noTE ThAt goOd sectoral governaNCe WIll remain a core ElemenT oF eBm.

tHe FaO COde of ConduCt For ReSPonsiblE fiSHERieS - 20 Years on

For the Past 20 years, thE codE has seRvEd aS The gloBal reFeREncE instrument For tHe sustainAble deVElopmenT Of the fiSherieS anD aqUacuLTuRe SecToRS. DeSPiTe iMPleMentatioN sHoRtfalLs anD STAKehoLdeR conStraiNts, there have bEen ConsIDerAble dEveloPmenTs In relAtion tO the COdE's six core chapteRs (diScussed beLow) ThE siNcE its aDOption At tHe nAtional, RegionaL And GlOBAL lEvels. There has been nOtABLe Progress In the mONiToRIng of the StAtuS of sEVEral fIsh sTOcKs, compilAtion oF StAtIstics oN cAtch anD fIshIng EfforT And tHe applIcation oF the Eaf. The control of fIShing operatioNS wITHiN ExclUsiVe economic zOnes IS now ConsIDeRed MUch stRongeR (wHIlE Less so in areas beyond NaTional JurisDiction [ABNJ]). StEps are beinG TAKen to: comBat Iuu fIShing (see sectioN IlleGal, unreporTEd and unrEgulaTed fishiNg, p. 97); prevenT THe furtheR buIld-Up oF fiSHInG overcapacity AND/or rEdUce it; anD imPlement PlaNs fOr tHe pRoTection anD conservAtIoN oF sHarKs and SEabirds. FOoD saFeTy aNd quaLIty assUrancE havE pRoGResSively bEEn GIVen pRiMe ImpoRtaNcE, and tHere IS inCreasinG worldwidE apPLicaTiOn Of mitigAtion measures To Address posT-hArvEst losSES, bycatch Problems, and illegal proceSSing and TraDing. THe grOwth of resPonSible aQuaCUlture Has beeN remaRkAblE, WIth seVERaL coUnTries now haVINg pRocedUrEs to Conduct Environmental assesSMenTs of aquacultuRe oPeraTIOnS, to MOnITor OpERatIONs and to minimize Harmful effEcTS oF alien specIEs iNtRoductiOn.

FisheRies mANagemenT

Article 7 oF the Code tOuChes UPOn aLl key elemeNts of a fiSheries maNAgemeNT sYstem. howEver, foR mAny Of the PrinciPLes, It has Been neCeSsary tO deveLoP additioNal guidance to support theIr pracTical ImpLementatiOn tHRouGh a robust FishEries goverNanCe63 fRamewOrk. tHe preCautIOnAry APproaCh64 exPLains how pRUdEnt FOReSight should GUIDe fIsherIes MAnagemEnt aNd highlights the neED to take managemEnt aCTIon AlsO In siTuAtions of uncertAinTy. aN ImportanT aDvance in opeRationalIzINg the PrecauTionarY approaCH HaS Been thE devEloPment and uSe oF cOMprehenSiVe ANd robuSt haRvEst strAtegieS, InclUDIng data collectioN and mONItoriNG prOtocoLs, AssessmENts oF stock statUs, definitioN of refErenCe poiNts and hArVest coNtrOl Rules.

The guIDelines on FisheRies manAgEmenT65 hiGhlighT key ELEmentS of a FiSheRies managEMEnT SyStEM anD proVide gUiDancE on the manAGement prOceSS itself. thE EAf
 as promoted, for example,  under EBM . Thi s r equ ir es a ddin g a layer of g o vern ance to deal with coor dinat io n  acr o ss  sect ors and to e nsu re  t hat  c o mm on su sta inabili ty goals o f e nv ironmental p r ot ection and  ec osystem andbio divers it y c o nserv ati on ar e metw hile a ddressing  s o cial a n d econo m i cdeve lopment goals. Ho w ev e r, it is impor tant t on ot e tha t g ood sector al  gove r nance w i ll r e mai n  a core eleme nt of EBM.The  FAO C od e o f  Condu ct fo rR esp onsible Fis heri es - 20 y ears o n 

For t h e past20 yea rs,  th e Co d eha s s er v eda sthe glo bal refe re nc e ins trum e n t forthe  sus taina ble developme ntof t h e f isher ies a nd a qu acult ure se ctors .Despite impleme ntat ion short fal ls  an dstake h oldercon str aints,there h a vebe e n co nsiderable develop me n t sin relat ion to th eC ode's si xcor e ch a p ters(dis c us sed belo w) the si nc e its a do ptionat  th e n ation a l, r egiona l and gl oball evels. There h a s been notabl e  p r o gr e ss i n t he monitori ng o f  the  sta t us  of sever al fi sh st o cks, compilation of  s tatist ics o n catch and f ishing eff o r t  and the  app l ic a tion of the EA F. Th e controlo f fishin g ope rationswithin ex c l usive ec ono mic  zo nes i snow considere d much  s tronger  (w hile le sssoinare as  beyond n ationalju ri sd ic tio n [AB N J]). Ste ps  ar ebei ng ta k en to:  comb at I UU  f i shi ng (see se c t ionIl le gal,  un re porte d an d  un regulat ed fishin g,p . 97 );  p reventthe further b ui ld-up of f is hin g over c a pacity a nd/or reduce it; and im p lementpla ns fo r th e protect ion  and c ons e rvatio n of s harks  a nds e abird s .  F ood  s afety andq u ali ty as su ranc e haveprogressively been giv en prime impo rta nce, a nd  th e re isin c rea s i ng worldwide ap plicationof mi tigation m e asu re s to ad dress p ost-h a rvest l osses, by catch pro bl ems, a ndillegal pr ocessing  and trad i ng. T h egrowt h o f resp on sib le aq uacult u rehas b een re ma rkable , wit hseveralcountries now having pr ocedur es to  co nduct env iro n men tal asses smen ts of aqua cul tur e ope rat i ons,to m o ni tor opera tion s  and to m i ni miz e ha rmful effec t s ofalien  sp e cies i ntro duction.

Fisheri e s management
Arti c l e 7  of theCo de touches upo n a ll k ey eleme nt s of a fish eries ma na g ement  syste m. How ever, f o r  m a ny ofthepri nciples,itha s  been n ec es s ary to  dev el op add itiona l  gui d a nce to support t heirp r actic a l i mplem en tationt hrou gh a robus t fisheries  gover nanc e63 f ramewor k.  The p rec au tionary ap p roach64 e xplai ns howpr uden t f oresig ht s h o uld g uide  f ish eries man a g em e nt  a n d h ighl ights  t he n eed to ta k e manage men t  action  a lso i n situ a ti o n s of uncer tai nty.A n  important adva n ce in op eratio nalizi ng thep rec au tionary  ap p r oach hasbeen thed eve lo pmen t and us eof c om pre he nsive and robus t harves t strate g i es, in clu d ingd ata co ll ection and m onito ri n g proto c o ls,  assess m ent s o f s tock  st atus ,  definition of reference  poi nts a n d h arves t con tr ol rules . 

Th e guidel i nes on fisher ies management6 5  hi g hlig htk ey  e lements o f a fishe ries  ma nage men t sy s t em a n d pr o vi de g uidanc e on  t he  manageme nt  proces s  its e lf.  The  EAF
 as_promoted, for_example, under EBM. This_requires adding_a_layer of_governance_to deal with_coordination across sectors_and to ensure that_common sustainability goals_of_environmental protection and ecosystem and biodiversity conservation are met while addressing social and economic_development_goals. However,_it_is_important to note that good_sectoral governance will remain a_core element_of EBM.

The FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible_Fisheries_- 20 years_on

For the past 20 years, the Code has served_as the global reference instrument for_the sustainable development_of_the_fisheries and aquaculture sectors._Despite implementation shortfalls and stakeholder constraints,_there have been considerable developments in_relation to the Code's six core chapters_(discussed below) the since its adoption_at the national, regional and_global levels._There has been notable progress_in the monitoring_of the_status of several_fish stocks, compilation of statistics on_catch and fishing_effort and the application of the_EAF._The control of_fishing_operations_within exclusive_economic zones is_now_considered much_stronger_(while less so in areas beyond_national_jurisdiction [ABNJ]). Steps are being taken to:_combat IUU fishing (see_section_Illegal, unreported and unregulated_fishing, p. 97); prevent the_further build-up of fishing overcapacity and/or_reduce it;_and implement_plans for the protection and conservation of sharks and seabirds. Food_safety and quality assurance have progressively_been given prime importance,_and there_is_increasing worldwide application_of_mitigation measures_to address post-harvest losses, bycatch problems, and_illegal processing_and trading. The growth of responsible_aquaculture has been remarkable,_with_several countries now having procedures to_conduct environmental assessments of aquaculture operations,_to monitor operations and to_minimize_harmful_effects of alien species introduction.

Fisheries_management

Article 7 of the Code touches_upon all key_elements of a fisheries management system. However,_for_many of the principles, it has_been_necessary to develop additional guidance to_support_their_practical implementation through a robust_fisheries governance63 framework. The precautionary approach64_explains how prudent foresight should guide fisheries management and_highlights the need_to take management action also_in_situations_of uncertainty. An important advance in operationalizing the precautionary approach_has been_the development and_use of comprehensive and robust harvest strategies, including data collection_and monitoring protocols, assessments of stock status,_definition of reference points and harvest control rules.

The guidelines on fisheries_management65 highlight key elements of a fisheries management_system and provide guidance on the management_process itself. The EAF