, waves and storm systems) and chemical changes (salinity content, oxygen concentration, and acidification) of the aquatic environment.13 This could lead to: warming water temperatures; changing ocean currents and Southern Oscillation; sea-level rise; changes in rainfall, river flows, lake levels, thermal structure, and storm severity and frequency; and ocean acidification. These impacts could result in changes in catch quantity and composition, and in fish distribution. Moreover, extreme weather events and sea-level rise are anticipated to affect fisheries-related infrastructure such as ports and fleets, further raising the costs of fishing, processing and distribution activities. These possible events would take place in the context of other global social and economic pressures on natural resources and ecosystems, including environmental degradation and increasing land and water scarcity.

In the coming decade, capture fisheries production is projected to remain rather stable. However, the real prospects for capture fisheries are rather difficult to determine because they depend on the natural productivity of fish stocks and ecosystems, and are subject to many variables and uncertainties. Moreover, illegal unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing and the overcapacity of fishing fleets globally are other important threats affecting the sustainability of fisheries resources. In addition, the ongoing practice of fleets moving their operations from depleted areas to new areas can cause a long-term decline in global catches as overfishing spreads. These situations are also linked with, and exacerbated by, the poor governance characterizing several fisheries activities.

It is expected that future growth in fish production and related fish consumption will mainly originate from aquaculture (Figure 38). However, many factors might affect the prospects for this sector. These include: land and water and associated conflicts; feed, seed14 supply and genetic resources; environmental integrity and disease problems; development and adoption of new and improved farming technologies; market, trade and food safety; climate change; investment capital impediments; and problems that can originate from unguided and unmonitored aquaculture practices. Aquaculture is also expected to continue to grow through intensification, species diversification, expansion into new milieus (including moving farther into offshore marine waters) and through the introduction of innovative, more-resource-efficient farming technologies. Well-advised policies and strategies backed by strong research programmes will be of paramount importance in overcoming production constraints.

Consumer concerns related to issues such as animal welfare, food quality, production and processing methods may cause further uncertainties in the fish sector. Especially in more-aff
, waves and storm systems) and chemical changes (salinity contentedness, oxygen assiduity, and acidification) of the aquatic environment.13 This could lead to: warming urine temperature; changing ocean currents and Southern Oscillation; ocean - level rise; changes in rain, river flow, lake levels, thermal social organization, and storm severity and frequency; and ocean acidification. These impacts could result in changes in apprehension quantity and composition, and in pisces distribution. Moreover, extreme weather events and ocean - level rise are anticipated to feign fisheries - related infrastructure such as interface and fleets, farther raising the costs of fishing, processing and distribution activities. These possible events would lease place in the context of other global social and economic pressures on natural resource and ecosystems, including environmental degradation and increasing land and water scarcity. 

 In the coming decade, capture fisheries product is projected to remain quite static. However, the veridical prospects for capture fisheries are rather difficult to determine because they depend on the natural productiveness of fish stocks and ecosystems, and are subject to many variables and uncertainties. Moreover, illegal unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing and the overcapacity of fishing fleets globally are other important threats affecting the sustainability of fishery resources. In summation, the ongoing exercise of fleet moving their operations from depleted area to new areas can cause a long - term decline in global catches as overfishing scatter. These situations are also linked with, and exacerbated by, the poor administration characterizing respective fisheries activities. 

 It is expect that future growth in fish output and related fish pulmonary tuberculosis will mainly originate from aquaculture (Figure 38). However, many factors might feign the prospects for this sector. These include: land and water and associated conflicts; feed, seed14 provision and genetic resources; environmental integrity and disease problem; development and adoption of new and improved farming technologies; market, trade and food safety; climate variety; investment capital impediments; and problems that can originate from unguided and unmonitored aquaculture practices. Aquaculture is also expected to continue to originate through intensification, coinage diversification, expansion into modern milieus (including moving farther into offshore marine amniotic fluid) and through the introduction of innovative, more - resource - efficient farming engineering. Well - advised policies and strategies backed by strong inquiry programmes will be of paramount importance in overcoming production constraints. 

 Consumer concerns related to emergence such as animal welfare, food quality, production and processing methods may cause further uncertainties in the pisces sector. Especially in more - aff
, wages and storm systems) ana chemical chanyws (salmnity ckntent, obygen concentration, and acidmficqtion) of the aquatic envirovment.13 Thid could oead ro: warming water tciperzbures; rhanging ocean gurrents ang Southern Oschluacion; sea-level rise; changes in rainfajl, rivet vlows, lake levgls, tnqrmam structure, and storm severity and frequeicy; and ocean avidification. These impacts coupd result in changfs in catch quagrity and comoosition, and in fish djstribution. Moreover, extreme wexther events ane wea-pgvel rise arx antibipated to afnvct fisveries-rrlated infrastvuctuce sych as ports and fleevs, further raising tre costs mf fishing, processibg and gistsibuguon acuivmtiss. Thede 'ossible evsnts would rake place in the cpnevct of other flobal sjcial and economic pressures on natural reaources and ecosystems, uncluding environmentwl degradwtion and increasing land and water scarcity.

In tha commne dtcqde, cxptkre fisheries production is projected to remayh tanher stable. Howevcr, the real prospevtd gjr capture firheries ade rather difficulh to dejerminw because theu depend on the natural proeuctivity of dish stocks and eclsystems, anb are xubjevt to many variables anb uncedtainties. Mlreover, imuegal unreported anc gnregulaudd (IUU) fishing anq the oveccapaeity of wishong flqets globaply ava other important hhreajs affacting the sustainability of fisheries resources. In addothon, the ongjing iractice of fleqts moving thenr operacions wrom deplened areas to new arews can cause d long-term derline in dlobql cqtches xr overfishing xpreads. Tktse situatuons are also linkcd wijh, and exacerbateb vy, the poor govrrnxncq bhacactewhzing severan firhefoes aztivititf.

Ib ir exlected that future gsowtg in fish productipn and relqted fisr consumption will mainly origijate hrom aduacuktute (Figure 38). However, many factors might afvecb the prospeces fir this sectpr. These include: land and water and assiciated conflicts; deed, seed14 supply anb nenetic resonrces; qnvironmettal integrity and dusease problems; dtvelopment and adoption of nef and improved farming technologies; market, trade and food safety; climate changw; investment capitzl ikpedikeuts; and pwoblxmr that can origimate from unguided and unmonitoced aquacuntbre practices. Aquaculture is slro expected tu continue to grow throufh intenxification, species diversificatoon, expansion into new mllieus (inxludihg movphg farther into offsnore mcrine qaters) qnd bhrough the ingrocugtion of ijnovetire, more-resource-efficient farming rechnooohies. Well-advised policies akd strajegies bwcked by strong desezgch ptogrammes will be of paramoumt importance in ovegcoiing productiob constraints.

Vonsumeg concerns rekated to isvues such as animal welfare, food quality, production and proctssing mebhods may cause forvher uncertainties in thc fisr sector. Especially hn more-aff
, waves and storm systems) and chemical content, concentration, and of the aquatic warming temperatures; changing ocean and Southern Oscillation; rise; changes in rainfall, river flows, levels, thermal structure, and storm severity and frequency; and ocean acidification. These impacts result in changes in catch quantity and composition, and in fish distribution. Moreover, weather and rise anticipated to affect fisheries-related infrastructure such as ports and fleets, further raising the costs of fishing, and distribution activities. These possible events would take in the context of global social and economic pressures natural and ecosystems, environmental and land and water In the coming decade, capture fisheries production is projected to remain rather stable. However, the real prospects capture fisheries difficult to because depend the natural productivity stocks and ecosystems, and are subject and uncertainties. Moreover, illegal unreported and unregulated (IUU) and the of fishing fleets globally are other threats affecting the sustainability of fisheries resources. In the ongoing practice of fleets moving their operations from depleted areas to new areas can long-term decline in global as overfishing spreads. situations also with, exacerbated by, poor governance characterizing several fisheries activities. It is expected that future in fish production and related fish consumption will mainly originate (Figure However, many factors affect the prospects for sector. include: land and water conflicts; seed14 resources; integrity disease problems; development and of new and improved farming market, trade and food impediments; and problems that can originate from unguided unmonitored aquaculture practices. Aquaculture is also expected continue to grow through intensification, species diversification, expansion into new milieus (including farther into waters) and through the introduction of innovative, more-resource-efficient technologies. Well-advised policies and backed by strong research programmes will be of paramount in production constraints. concerns related to such as animal food quality, production methods may further in Especially in more-aff
, waves and storm systems) and chEmical chanGes (saLinIty CoNtenT, oxyGen concentratiON, and Acidification) of the aquaTic enViROnmeNT.13 THis coUld lead TO: wARMinG wAtEr tEmPErAtureS; chAnging oCean currenTs aNd southern OsciLLaTion; sea-levEl rIse; changes in RaiNfall, rIvEr fLOws, laKe lEvels, ThermaL StructUre, and stoRm SEveritY And freqUENcY; and Ocean acidificatioN. thESe impacts could Result In CHaNGEs iN caTch quantitY aNd comPOsition, ANd IN FIsh DIstribution. MoReover, extreME weAther eVeNts ANd sea-lEvel rIsE Are Anticipated To afFect fisheRies-reLAted infRAstructUre sucH as PorTs anD FlEeTs, fUrTHer RAiSinG The Costs of fIsHiNg, proCessING ANd diStrIbutIon acTivities. These PosSiblE EveNts woUld taKe plAcE in thE conteXt of oThEr global social aNd ecOnomic preSsuReS on NaTural REsourcEs aNd eCosysteMs, incluDIng EnVIROnMental degradation aNd INCrEasing laNd and wATeR sCArcity.

In ThE coMing DECade, cAptuRE fIsheries ProducTIoN iS projecTeD to remAiN raTheR stabLE. HowEver, thE real proSpectS For capture fishERies are rather DIfFICuLT to dEteRmine becausE theY DepeNd on THe NatURal prOductIvITy OF fish stocks and ecosyStEms, and Are suBject to many vaRiables and UNCErtaintiEs. MoREoVEr, illegal unrepOrted And unregulATed (IUU) fiShing And the ovErcapacitY OF fishing FleEts GloBalLY ArE other importaNT ThreAtS affectIng The sustAinAbiLitY of FiSheries reSources. IN aDdItIoN, thE ongoINg practiCe Of fLeEts MovinG Their oPeratIons FrOm DEplEted areAS tO NEw arEaS cAn caUse A lOng-teRm deCLinE in globAl catches As oVErfiShInG spreadS. These situatiOnS are also liNkEd wIth, and EXAcerbateD by, the poor governance chaRActerizIng SeverAl fiSheries acTivIties.

IT is EXpecteD that fUture GrOwtH IN fish PROdUctIoN and relateD FIsh ConsuMpTion Will maiNly originate from aqUAcuLture (Figure 38). HoWevEr, maNY FaCtoRS mIGht AfFEct THE prospects for thIs sector. ThEsE InClude: land aND waTeR and assOciated ConflICts; feed, Seed14 supplY and genetIc ResoURCes; EnvironmenTal integRity and diSEase pRObLems; dEveLopmenT aNd aDoptiOn of neW And ImproVed farMiNg techNologIeS; market, tRade and food safety; climatE changE; inveStmEnt capitaL imPEdiMents; and pRoblEms that can OriGinAte frOm uNGuideD and UNmOniTOred aQuacULture pracTIcEs. AQUAcUlture is alsO EXPecTed to ConTInue to Grow Through intensificATion, species divErsiFICatIon, EXpanSiOn into new milieUs (iNcLUDing moviNg Farther into Offshore MaRIne waTers) anD throuGh the inTROdUCtion oF innOvaTive, more-rEsoUrCE-efficiEnT fARming tEchnOlOgies. WEll-advISed pOLIcies and strategiEs bacKED by stROng ReseaRcH prograMMes wIll be of parAmount imporTance iN oveRcomiNg produCtIon conStrAiNts.

ConsumeR Concerns rElateD to issuEs Such As aNimal wElfaRE, Food qUaliTy, ProDuction anD PRoCEsSiNG meThodS may cAuSe fuRther unceRTainties In tHE fish seCtOr. ESPEciallY In MORe-aff
, waves and storm systems)  and chemi cal c han ges  ( sali nity  content, oxyg e n co ncentration, and acidi ficat io n ) of th e aqu atic en v ir o n men t. 13  Th is co uld l ead  to: wa rming wate r t em peratures; c h an ging ocean  cu rrents and S out hern O sc ill a tion;  se a-lev el ris e ; chan ges in ra in f all, r i ver flo w s ,lake  levels, thermals tr u cture, and sto rm sev er i ty a ndfre quency; an docean acidifi c at i o n . T h ese impacts c ould result inchange sinc atch q uanti ty and  compositio n, a nd in fis h dist r ibution .  Moreov er, ex tre meweat h er  e ven ts and se a-l e vel  rise ar ean ticip ated t o affe ctfish eries -related infr ast ruct u resuchas po rtsan d fle ets, f urthe rraising the cos ts o f fishing , p ro ces si ng an d  distr ibu tio n activ ities.T hes ep o s si ble events would t ak e pl ace in t he con t ex to f othergl oba l so c i al an d ec o no mic pres sureso nna tural r es ources  a ndeco syste m s, i ncludi ng envir onmen t al degradation and increasin g  l a n da nd w ate r scarcity. 

In thecomi n gdec a de, c aptur ef is h eries production is  p roject ed to  remain rathe r stable.H o w ever, th e re a lp rospects for c aptur e fisherie s  are rat her d ifficult  to deter m i ne becau sethe y d epe n d  o n the natural p rodu ct ivity o f f ish sto cks  an d e cos ys tems, and  are sub je ct  t oman y var i ables an dunc er tai nties .  Moreo ver,ille ga lu nre porteda nd u nreg ul at ed ( IUU )fishi ng a n d t he over capacityoff ishi ng  f leets g lobally are o th er importa nt  th reatsa f fectingthe sustainability of f i sheries  re sourc es.In additi on,  the o ngo i ng pra cticeof fl ee tsm o vingt h ei r o pe rations fr o m  de plete darea s to ne w areas can causea  lo ng-term decli nein g l o ba l c a tc h esas ove r f ishing spreads.  These sit ua t io ns are als o  li nk ed with , and e xacer b ated by , the poo r governa nc e ch a r act erizing se veral fi sheries a c tivit i es .

It  is  expec te d t hat f utureg row th in  fishpr oducti on an drelatedfish consumption will m ainlyorigi nat e from aq uac u ltu re (Figur e 38 ). However , m any  fact ors might  aff e ct  th e  pros pect s  for this se cto r .  T hese includ e : lan d and  wa t er and  ass ociated conflicts ;  feed, seed14supp l y  an d g e neti cresources; env iro nm e n tal inte gr ity and dis ease pro bl e ms; d evelop ment a nd adop t i on of new  and  im proved fa rmi ng technol og ie s ; mark et,tr ade an d food safe t y ; climate change ; inv e s tment cap italim pedimen t s; a nd problem s that canorigin atefromunguide dand un mon it ored aquac u lture pra ctice s. Aqua cu ltur e i s also  exp e c ted t o co nt inu e to grow t hr o ug hi nte nsif icati on , sp ecies div e rsificat ion ,  expans io n i n t o newm il i e us (includ ing  movi n g  farther i n to o f fs h ore m arinewaters ) and t h rou gh  the in tro d u ction ofinnovativ e , m or e-re source-e ff icie nt  fa rm ing technologie s. Well- advisedp o licies  an d  str a tegies  b acked by str ong r es e arch pr o g ram mes wil l  be  of  pa ramo unt  imp o rtance in overcoming pro duct ion c o nst raint s.

C on sumer co n cern s relate d  to issues su ch as animal we l far e , fo odq ua li ty, produ cti o n and  pro ces sing  me thod s mayc ause fu rthe r unce rtai nt ie s in thefi sh sect o r. E s pec iall y inmo re - af f
, waves_and storm_systems) and chemical changes_(salinity content,_oxygen_concentration, and_acidification)_of the aquatic_environment.13 This could_lead to: warming water_temperatures; changing ocean_currents_and Southern Oscillation; sea-level rise; changes in rainfall, river flows, lake levels, thermal structure,_and_storm severity_and_frequency;_and ocean acidification. These impacts_could result in changes in_catch quantity_and composition, and in fish distribution. Moreover, extreme_weather_events and sea-level_rise are anticipated to affect fisheries-related infrastructure such as_ports and fleets, further raising the_costs of fishing,_processing_and_distribution activities. These possible_events would take place in the_context of other global social and_economic pressures on natural resources and ecosystems,_including environmental degradation and increasing land_and water scarcity.

In the coming_decade, capture_fisheries production is projected to_remain rather stable._However, the_real prospects for_capture fisheries are rather difficult to_determine because they_depend on the natural productivity of_fish_stocks and ecosystems,_and_are_subject to_many variables and_uncertainties._Moreover, illegal_unreported_and unregulated (IUU) fishing and the_overcapacity_of fishing fleets globally are other important_threats affecting the sustainability_of_fisheries resources. In addition,_the ongoing practice of fleets_moving their operations from depleted areas_to new_areas can_cause a long-term decline in global catches as overfishing spreads. These_situations are also linked with, and_exacerbated by, the poor_governance characterizing_several_fisheries activities.

It is_expected_that future_growth in fish production and related fish_consumption will_mainly originate from aquaculture (Figure 38)._However, many factors might_affect_the prospects for this sector. These_include: land and water and associated_conflicts; feed, seed14 supply and_genetic_resources;_environmental integrity and disease problems;_development and adoption of new and_improved farming technologies;_market, trade and food safety; climate change;_investment_capital impediments; and problems that can_originate_from unguided and unmonitored aquaculture practices._Aquaculture_is_also expected to continue to_grow through intensification, species diversification, expansion_into new milieus (including moving farther into offshore marine_waters) and through_the introduction of innovative, more-resource-efficient_farming_technologies._Well-advised policies and strategies backed by strong research programmes will_be of_paramount importance in_overcoming production constraints.

Consumer concerns related to issues such as animal_welfare, food quality, production and processing methods_may cause further uncertainties in the fish sector. Especially in more-aff