 globalization of food systems, improvement of transportation and logistics, technological innovations as well as changes in distribution and marketing have significantly modified the way fishery products are prepared, processed, marketed and delivered to consumers. Geopolitics has also played a decisive role in advancing and reinforcing these structural trends. The intermingling of these drivers of change has been multidirectional and complex, and the pace of transformation rapid. All these factors have facilitated and increased the shift from local consumption to international markets. This change is manifested most clearly in wider geographical participation in trade. In 2014, more than 200 countries reported exports and imports of fish and fishery products. The structure and pattern of trade differs significantly by commodity and by region.

World trade in fish and fishery products has expanded significantly in recent decades, rising by more than 245 percent in terms of quantity (live weight equivalent) from 1976 to 2014, and by 515 percent if one considers just trade in fish for human consumption. These quantities represent a significant share of total fish production, with about 36 percent (live weight equivalent) exported in the form of different product forms for human consumption or non-edible purposes in 2014 (Figure 16), reflecting the sector's degree of openness and integration into international trade. This share increased from 25 percent in 1976 to a peak of 40 percent in 2005. Since then, it has slowed, mainly because of reduced production and related exports of fishmeal. If only trade of fish for human consumption is considered, its share in total fishery production has increased continuously, reaching almost 29 percent in 2014.

World trade in fish and fishery products has grown significantly also in value terms, with exports rising from US$8 billion in 1976 to US$148 billion in 2014, at an annual growth rate of 8.0 percent in nominal terms and 4.6 percent in real terms. The two main exceptions were experienced in 2009 and 2012. In 2009, with the general global economic contraction, trade dropped by 6 percent compared with 2008. However, the decline was only in value terms because of falling prices and margins. The decrease was not uniform and, in particular, many developing countries experienced rising demand and imports in 2009. In the following two years, trade rebounded strongly, with overall growth of 15 percent in 2010 and 17 percent in 2011, reaching US$130 billion. In 2012, trade remained rather stable, up only 1 percent on the previous year. This sluggishness was mainly the result of the downward pressure experienced by international prices of selected fish and fishery
globalization of food systems, improvement of transportation and logistics, technological innovations equally well as change in distribution and marketing have importantly modified the room fishery products are prepared, march, marketed and delivered to consumer. Geopolitics has besides played a decisive function in advancing and reinforcing these geomorphologic trends. The intermingling of these drivers of change has been multidirectional and complex, and the pace of transformation rapid. All these factors have facilitate and increased the shift from local consumption to external markets. This change is attest most intelligibly in wider geographical participation in trade. In 2014, more than 200 countries report exports and imports of fish and fishery products. The structure and radiation pattern of trade differs significantly by commodity and by region. 

 World trade in fish and fishery products has expanded significantly in recent decade, rising by more than 245 percent in term of measure (alive weight equivalent) from 1976 to 2014, and by 515 percent if one regard just trade in fish for human consumption. These quantity represent a significant share of total fish production, with approximately 36 percent (live weight equivalent) exported in the form of different product class for human consumption or non - edible purposes in 2014 (Figure 16), reflecting the sector's degree of receptiveness and integration into international trade. This share increased from 25 percent in 1976 to a peak of 40 percent in 2005. Since then, it has slowed, chiefly because of reduced production and related exports of fishmeal. If only trade of pisces for human consumption is consider, its share in entire fishery production has increase continuously, reaching almost 29 percent in 2014. 

 World trade in pisces and fishery products has grown significantly also in value terms, with exports rising from US$ 8 billion in 1976 to US$ 148 billion in 2014, at an annual growth rate of 8.0 percentage in nominal terms and 4.6 percentage in real terms. The two main exception were experienced in 2009 and 2012. In 2009, with the general global economic contraction, trade dropped by 6 percent compared with 2008. However, the decline was only in value footing because of fall price and margins. The decrease was not uniform and, in particular, many developing countries experienced heighten demand and imports in 2009. In the following two year, trade rebounded strongly, with overall growth of 15 percent in 2010 and 17 percentage in 2011, reaching US$ 130 billion. In 2012, trade remained rather stable, up only 1 percent on the former year. This sluggishness was mainly the result of the downward pressure experienced by international prices of selected fish and fishery
 gllbalization of food systtms, improvement oy trans'ortatikn and lugistics, technological innovetiobs as well as changes in dirtributioj and maeketmng have signifirzntly modifies the xay fishery procucts are [repared, procevsdd, marketed and delivered to consumerf. Geopokihics has also klayec a dsbiwive role in advancing and rejnforciig these structiral trends. The intermingllng lf these drivers ov change haw beqb multidirecgional and complex, and the pace of transformation rapkd. Alk these faxtirs vave facilivated wnd increased the shhft frok local consumition to international marketv. This change is mwnifested mkst clearly in wieee geocrapvicau paftidi'atjon in trede. In 2014, mors than 200 coubtries reported expprew and imports of fifh and fishery products. The structure and paftern of trade differs wignificantly by commldity and by region.

World trade in fish and fishery productv has dxpckqde dignificantly in recent decades, rising by morq tnak 245 percent in tevms of quantity (life wryght equivalevt) from 1976 fo 2014, and by 515 percenh if ong consuders jusu trace in fish for human consumption. These zyantities represenc a significcnt shsre og total fish production, witg about 36 pegcent (livs weight equivalevt) vxposted in ufe form of differqnt produrt foxms for fumam constmption or non-edible purposes in 2014 (Vigurg 16), refnecting thf sector's degree of openness anv integration itto internacional trade. This srare increased from 25 'erceng in 1976 to a peak oh 40 percent ig 2005. Since then, lt has slowev, mainly fecayse if reduzdd production snd relatvd expirts of fishmeal. In onli frade of fish fir yuman consumptipn ks sojsmdereq, its share it togal gishefy productiiv hax increased continuogsly, reaching almost 29 levcent in 2014.

Qorld trwde in fish amd fishery productd has gruwn sognyficantly also in value terms, sith expogts rising from US$8 nillyon in 1976 to US$148 billion in 2014, at an annual growth ratx of 8.0 percent in nominao terms and 4.6 percenj ik real terms. The ewo main axceptions were expeeienced in 2009 and 2012. Ln 2009, with the general gmobal aconolic contraction, trade dropped by 6 percent compared with 2008. However, the declune was only in vamue yerms bzcabse of sallmnj prices and margpns. The decrease was not uniform and, in [axticular, many developing counyrkes experiencgd rising demand and imporfs in 2009. Im the following two years, trade rebounded strongly, with overall growfh of 15 perrent in 2010 and 17 perceny in 2011, xeachibg US$130 bulliln. In 2012, trade femsiked rather staule, up only 1 percent on the previouw year. Tjis sluggishness was mainly uhe resolt of tre downward presaure fxperkenced by intrrnational prives of selected fish agd fishery
globalization of food systems, improvement of transportation technological as well changes in distribution the fishery products are processed, marketed and to consumers. Geopolitics has also played decisive role in advancing and reinforcing these structural trends. The intermingling of these of change has been multidirectional and complex, and the pace of transformation rapid. these have and the shift from local consumption to international markets. This change is manifested most clearly in wider participation in trade. In 2014, more than 200 reported exports and imports fish and fishery products. The and of trade significantly commodity by region. World in fish and fishery products has expanded significantly in recent decades, rising by more than 245 percent terms of weight equivalent) 1976 2014, by 515 percent considers just trade in fish for quantities represent a significant share of total fish with about percent (live weight equivalent) exported in form of different product forms for human consumption non-edible purposes in 2014 (Figure 16), reflecting the sector's degree of openness and integration into This share increased from percent in 1976 a of percent 2005. Since it has slowed, mainly because of reduced production and related exports fishmeal. If only trade of fish for human consumption is share total fishery production increased continuously, reaching almost percent 2014. World trade in fishery has in terms, exports rising from US$8 in 1976 to US$148 billion 2014, at an annual in nominal terms and 4.6 percent in real The two main exceptions were experienced in and 2012. In 2009, with the general global economic contraction, trade dropped 6 percent 2008. However, the decline was only in value because of falling prices margins. The decrease was not uniform and, in particular, developing experienced rising and imports in In the following years, trade rebounded overall growth 15 in percent in 2011, reaching US$130 billion. 2012, remained rather stable, up only percent previous year. This sluggishness was mainly the result of the downward pressure experienced by international selected fish and fishery
 globalization of food systemS, improvemeNt of tRanSpoRtAtioN and Logistics, technOLogiCal innovations as well as ChangEs IN disTRiButioN and marKEtING haVe SiGniFiCAnTly moDifIed the wAy fishery pRodUcTs are prepareD, PrOcessed, marKetEd and deliverEd tO consuMeRs. GEOpoliTicS has aLso plaYEd a decIsive role In ADvanciNG and reiNFOrCing These structural trENdS. the intermingliNg of thEsE DrIVErs Of cHange has beEn MultiDIrectioNAl AND ComPLex, and the pace Of transformATioN rapid. alL thESe factOrs haVe FAciLitated and iNcreAsed the shIft froM Local coNSumptioN to intErnAtiOnal MArKeTs. THiS ChaNGe Is mANifEsted mosT cLeArly iN widER GEOgraPhiCal pArticIpation in tradE. In 2014, More THan 200 CountRies rEporTeD expoRts and ImporTs Of fish and fisherY proDucts. The sTruCtUre AnD pattERn of trAde DifFers sigNificanTLy bY cOMMOdIty and by region.

WorlD tRADe In fish anD fisheRY pRoDUcts has eXpAndEd siGNIficaNtly IN rEcent decAdes, riSInG bY more thAn 245 PercenT iN teRms Of quaNTity (Live weIght equiValenT) From 1976 to 2014, and by 515 perCEnt if one consiDErS JUsT TradE in Fish for humaN conSUmptIon. THEsE quANtitiEs repReSEnT A significant share of ToTal fisH prodUction, with aboUt 36 percent (lIVE Weight eqUivaLEnT) Exported in the fOrm of Different pROduct forMs for Human conSumption oR NOn-edible PurPosEs iN 2014 (FiGURe 16), Reflecting the SECtor'S dEgree of OpeNness anD inTegRatIon InTo internaTional trAdE. THiS sHarE incrEAsed from 25 PeRceNt In 1976 tO a peaK Of 40 percEnt in 2005. sincE tHeN, It hAs sloweD, MaINLy beCaUsE of rEduCeD prodUctiON anD relateD exports oF fiSHmeaL. IF oNly tradE of fish for humAn ConsumptioN iS coNsiderED, Its share In total fishery productioN Has incrEasEd conTinuOusly, reacHinG almosT 29 peRCent in 2014.

world tRade iN fIsh AND fishERY pRodUcTs has grown SIGniFicanTlY alsO in valuE terms, with exports rISinG from US$8 billioN in 1976 To US$148 BILlIon IN 2014, aT An aNnUAl gROWth rate of 8.0 percenT in nominal TeRMs And 4.6 percent IN reAl Terms. ThE two maiN excePTions weRe experieNced in 2009 and 2012. in 2009, With THE geNeral globaL economiC contractIOn, traDE dRoppeD by 6 PercenT cOmpAred wIth 2008. HowEVer, The deCline wAs Only in Value TeRms becauSe of falling prices and marGins. ThE decrEasE was not unIfoRM anD, in particUlar, Many develoPinG coUntriEs eXPerieNced RIsIng DEmand And iMPorts in 2009. In THe FolLOWiNg two years, tRADE reBoundEd sTRongly, With Overall growth of 15 peRCent in 2010 and 17 perceNt in 2011, REAchIng us$130 bilLiOn. In 2012, trade remaiNed RaTHEr stable, Up Only 1 percent On the preViOUs yeaR. This sLuggisHness waS MAiNLy the rEsulT of The downwaRd pReSSure expErIeNCed by iNterNaTional Prices OF selECTed fish and fisherY
 globalization of food sys tems, impr oveme ntoftr ansp orta tion and logis t ics,  technological innovat ionsas well as  chan ges ind is t r ibu ti on  an dm ar ketin g h ave sig nificantly  mo di fied the way fi shery prod uct s are prepar ed,  proce ss ed, marke ted  anddelive r ed toconsumers .G eopoli t ics has a ls o pl ayed a decisive r o le in advancing a nd rei nf o rc i n g t hes e structur al  tren d s. Thei nt e r m ing l ing of thesedrivers ofc han ge has  b een multid irect io n aland complex , an d the pac e of t r ansform a tion ra pid. A llthe se f a ct or s h av e  fa c il ita t edand incr ea se d the  shi f t f romloc al c onsum ption to inte rna tion a l m arket s. Th is c ha nge i s mani feste dmost clearly in  wid er geogra phi ca l p ar ticip a tion i n t rad e. In 2 014, mo r e t ha n 2 00  countries reporte de x po rts andimport s  o ff ish andfi she ry p r o ducts . Th e  s tructure  and p a tt er n of tr ad e diff er s s ign ifica n tlyby com modity a nd by region.

World trade in fish an d fi s hery  pr oducts hasexpa n dedsign i fi can t ly in  rece nt de c ades, rising by mor ethan 2 45 pe rcent in term s of quant i t y  (live w eigh t  e q uivalent) from  1976  to 2014,a nd by 51 5 per cent ifone consi d e rs justtra deinfis h fo r human consu m p tion .These q uan titiesrep res ent  asi gnificant  share o fto ta lfis h pro d uction,wi thab out  36 p e rcent(live  wei gh te qui valent) ex p o rted  i nthefor mof di ffer e ntproduct  forms fo r h u manco ns umption  or non-edibl epurposes i n201 4 (Fig u r e 16), r eflecting the sector'sd egree o f o penne ss a nd integr ati on int o i n ternat ionaltrade .Thi s share i nc rea se d from 25p e rce nt in  1 976to a pe ak of 40 percent i n  20 05. Since the n,it h a s  s low e d, mai nl y  be c a use of reducedproduction  a n drelated ex p ort sof fish meal. I f onl y  tradeof fish f or humanco nsum p t ion  is consid ered, it s share i n  tota l  f isher y p roduct io n h as in crease d  co ntinu ously,  r eachin g alm os t 29 per cent in 2014.

World tr ade in  fish  an d fishery  pr o duc ts has gr ownsignifican tly  al so in  va l ue te rms, wi the xport s ri s ing fromU S$ 8 b i l li on in 1976t o US$ 148 b ill i on in2014 , at an annual gr o wth rate of 8. 0 pe r c ent  in nomi na l terms and 4. 6 p er c e nt in re al  terms. The  two mai ne xcept ions w ere ex perienc e d  i n  2009and201 2. In 200 9,wi t h the g en er a l glob al e co nomiccontra c tion , trade dropped by  6 pe r c ent c o mpa red w it h 2008. Howe ver, the d ecline wasonly i n va lue t erms be ca use of  fa ll ing prices and margi ns. T he decr ea se w asnot un ifor m and,in p ar tic ular, man y de v el op i ngcoun tries  e xper ienced ri s ing dema nda nd impo rt s i n 2009.I nt h e followin g t wo ye a r s, trade r e boun d ed stron gly, w ith ov erall g r owt hof 15 p erc e n t in 2010  and 17 p e rce nt  in2011, re ac hing  U S$1 30  billion. In 20 12, trad e remain e d  rathe r s t able ,  up on ly  1 percent o n the  p r eviousy e ar.  This s l ugg ish nes s wa s m ainl y  the result of the downw ardpress u reexper ience dby inter n atio nal pric e s of selected  fish and fishe r y
 globalization_of food_systems, improvement of transportation_and logistics,_technological_innovations as_well_as changes in_distribution and marketing_have significantly modified the_way fishery products_are_prepared, processed, marketed and delivered to consumers. Geopolitics has also played a decisive role_in_advancing and_reinforcing_these_structural trends. The intermingling of_these drivers of change has_been multidirectional_and complex, and the pace of transformation rapid._All_these factors have_facilitated and increased the shift from local consumption to_international markets. This change is manifested_most clearly in_wider_geographical_participation in trade. In_2014, more than 200 countries reported_exports and imports of fish and_fishery products. The structure and pattern of_trade differs significantly by commodity and_by region.

World trade in fish_and fishery_products has expanded significantly in_recent decades, rising_by more_than 245 percent_in terms of quantity (live weight_equivalent) from 1976_to 2014, and by 515 percent_if_one considers just_trade_in_fish for_human consumption. These_quantities_represent a_significant_share of total fish production, with_about_36 percent (live weight equivalent) exported in_the form of different_product_forms for human consumption_or non-edible purposes in 2014_(Figure 16), reflecting the sector's degree_of openness_and integration_into international trade. This share increased from 25 percent in 1976_to a peak of 40 percent_in 2005. Since then,_it has_slowed,_mainly because of_reduced_production and_related exports of fishmeal. If only trade_of fish_for human consumption is considered, its_share in total fishery_production_has increased continuously, reaching almost 29_percent in 2014.

World trade in fish_and fishery products has grown_significantly_also_in value terms, with exports_rising from US$8 billion in 1976_to US$148 billion_in 2014, at an annual growth rate_of_8.0 percent in nominal terms and_4.6_percent in real terms. The two_main_exceptions_were experienced in 2009 and_2012. In 2009, with the general_global economic contraction, trade dropped by 6 percent compared_with 2008. However,_the decline was only in_value_terms_because of falling prices and margins. The decrease was not_uniform and,_in particular, many_developing countries experienced rising demand and imports in 2009. In_the following two years, trade rebounded strongly,_with overall growth of 15 percent in 2010 and 17 percent_in 2011, reaching US$130 billion. In 2012, trade_remained rather stable, up only 1 percent_on the previous year._This_sluggishness was mainly the result of the_downward_pressure_experienced_by international prices_of selected fish_and fishery