 risk of vitamin A deficiency, 200 million people have goitre, and 20 million are mentally retarded as a result of iodine deficiency. Almost 2 billion people (nearly 30 percent of the world's population) are iron deficient, and 800 000 child deaths per year are attributable to zinc deficiency.

This then is the context in which the ICN2 deliberations took place. More than 20 countries highlighted the important role that fish products play, or should play, in meeting the nutritional requirements in people's diets. What follows is a brief account of the issues, developments, opportunities and guidance for future action that ICN2 considered in relation to the role of fish and fisheries in improving human nutrition.23

Fish in food and nutrition security

In recent years, the initiatives Scaling Up Nutrition and 1,000 Days (the impact of nutrition during the first 1 000 days of life) have helped focus on fish as a rich animal-source food containing multiple nutrients for growth, development and well-being, and specifically as a source of essential fats for brain development and cognition. Foods from the aquatic environment are an excellent source of both the macronutrients and micronutrients needed for a healthy diet. However, whether a community eats fish is strongly ingrained in its traditional food habits as well as its purchasing power.

Fish is one of the most important sources of animal protein, accounting for about 17 percent at the global level, but exceeding 50 percent in many least-developed countries. It also provides other valuable nutrients such as the long-chain omega-3 fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) - important for optimal neurodevelopment in children and for improving cardiovascular health. There is convincing evidence of beneficial health outcomes from fish consumption for reducing the risk of death from coronary heart disease and improving neurodevelopment in infants and young children, when the mother consumes fish before and during pregnancy.24

In addition to the health benefits of these macronutrients, fish also provides micronutrients not widely available from other sources in the diets of the poor. Greater attention is focusing on fisheries products as sources of vitamins and minerals. Small-sized fish species consumed whole, with heads and bones, can be an excellent source of many essential minerals such as iodine, selenium, zinc, iron, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and vitamins such as A, D and B.25 The levels of these nutrients are also high in larger fish, but
risk of vitamin A deficiency, 200 million people have goiter, and 20 million are mentally retarded as a resultant role of iodine deficiency. about 2 billion people (closely 30 percent of the world's population) are iron insufficient, and 800 000 child death per year are attributable to zinc lack. 

 This then is the context in which the ICN2 deliberations took position. More than 20 countries highlighted the crucial function that fish products play, or should play, in meeting the nutritional requirement in people's diets. What follows is a abbreviated account of the issues, development, opportunity and guidance for future action that ICN2 considered in relation to the role of fish and fishery in improving human nutrition.23 

 Fish in food and nutrition security 

 In recent years, the enterprise Scaling Up Nutrition and 1,000 Days (the impact of nutrition during the first 1 000 days of life) have helped focus on fish as a fat animal - source food containing multiple nutrient for increase, development and well - being, and specifically as a source of all-important fats for brain development and cognition. Foods from the aquatic environment are an excellent reference of both the macronutrients and micronutrients needed for a healthy diet. However, whether a community corrode fish is strongly ingrained in its traditional food habits equally well as its purchasing might. 

 Fish is one of the about authoritative sources of animal protein, accounting for about 17 percentage at the global level, but exceeding 50 percent in many least - developed countries. It also provides other valuable nutrient such as the long - range omega-3 fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) - important for optimal neurodevelopment in children and for improving cardiovascular health. There embody convincing evidence of beneficial health result from fish pulmonary tuberculosis for reducing the risk of death from coronary affection disease and better neurodevelopment in infants and young children, when the mother consumes fish before and during pregnancy.24 

 In addition to the health benefits of these macronutrients, fish besides provides micronutrients not wide available from other sources in the diets of the inadequate. Greater attention is focusing on fishery products as sources of vitamins and minerals. Small - sized fish species consumed solid, with head and bones, can be an excellent source of many essential minerals such as iodine, selenium, zinc, iron, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and vitamin such as A, D and B.25 The levels of these nutrients are also high in larger fish, but
 ridk of vitamin A deficiengy, 200 million people have goitrs, and 20 mkllion are mentally retarded aw a rtfult of iodine defkciency. Apmost 2 bulliib people (nxzrly 30 pcxcent lf tke world's populajion) are irot deficient, ang 800 000 ehild deaths per year are attributabje to zonf deficiency.

Thys tnqn ia the context in which the ICN2 deljberatimns took placr. More than 20 countries higjligjted the important role that dish products plah, or should play, in megting the nutritional requiremengs in people's duers. Avat follows is a brief accoukn of tha issuex, developments, op'ortynities and guidance hor future action thwt ICN2 cotsndered in relation to tye rone ox firy avd rixhsries ln mmproving hhman nutrituon.23

Fish in food and ntntition securjty

In wesent years, the initiatives Scaling Up Nltrifion and 1,000 Days (the impaxt of nutrition durinh the firft 1 000 days of life) have helped focus on fish as a sich enkmao-sjjecf food containing multiple nutrients for groweg, cenelopment and welj-being, and xpfcosically as a rource of essential fats fog brain deveoopment agd cpgnition. Foods from the aquqtic environiwnt are an excelleut source of botn the macronutrients and micxonutrjents needef for a hsxlthy diet. Howevdr, ehather a community eats fisr is stroigly nngrainea in its twaditional food habits as well as lts porchashng power.

Flsh is one of the most importanv sources of snhman proteiu, accomnting for aboue 17 percent at jhe globaj levdl, but excveding 50 pxrcent in magy least-develmked countries. It also procidew other xaluable nutrirnts such as the lobg-chain omega-3 fattn aciaa docosahexaenone qcid (DHA) and eivosxpegtweioic wwid (EPA) - impmrtavt wpr opgimal ntbrobexelolment in children ang fod improving cardiofafcular hgalth. Thewe is convincong evidence of bejeficmal heelth oitcjmes from fish consumption for reducing thc risk of deaeh fvom soronary hzart disease and improving neurodevelopmxnt in infants and yount children, when the kother consnmes fysh befora and during pregnanxy.24

In addition to uhe health benefits of fhese kacrojutrients, fish also provides micronutrients not widely available from othwr souccqs in the djets of tve 'oor. Grqatec ettention is focuxing on fisheries products as suurces ox ritamins and minerals. Small-siaea fish specier consumed whole, with hezds and nones, can be an excellent sourcr of many essential minevals such as ikdine, seleiium, zinc, iron, calciim, phovphorys, potawsiul, and vitaminr sicm as A, D ajd B.25 Tke levels of these nutrients are qlso hugj in larger fish, but
risk of vitamin A deficiency, 200 million goitre, 20 million mentally retarded as Almost billion people (nearly percent of the population) are iron deficient, and 800 child deaths per year are attributable to zinc deficiency. This then is the in which the ICN2 deliberations took place. More than 20 countries highlighted the role fish play, should play, in meeting the nutritional requirements in people's diets. What follows is a brief account the issues, developments, opportunities and guidance for future that ICN2 considered in to the role of fish fisheries improving human Fish food nutrition security In years, the initiatives Scaling Up Nutrition and 1,000 Days (the impact of nutrition during the first 1 days of helped focus fish a animal-source food containing for growth, development and well-being, and source of essential fats for brain development and Foods from aquatic environment are an excellent source both the macronutrients and micronutrients needed for a diet. However, whether a community eats fish is strongly ingrained in its traditional food habits as its purchasing power. is one of most sources animal accounting for 17 percent at the global level, but exceeding 50 percent in least-developed countries. It also provides other valuable nutrients such as omega-3 acids docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) important optimal neurodevelopment in children improving health. evidence beneficial outcomes from fish consumption reducing the risk of death coronary heart disease and young children, when the mother consumes fish before during pregnancy.24 In addition to the health of these macronutrients, fish also provides micronutrients not widely available from other in the the poor. Greater attention is focusing on fisheries as sources of vitamins minerals. Small-sized fish species consumed whole, with heads and can an excellent of many essential such as iodine, zinc, iron, calcium, and vitamins as D levels of these nutrients are also in fish, but
 risk of vitamin A deficiency, 200 mIllion peopLe havE goItrE, aNd 20 miLlioN are mentally reTArdeD as a result of iodine defiCiencY. ALMost 2 BIlLion pEople (neARlY 30 PErcEnT oF thE wORlD's popUlaTion) are Iron deficiEnt, AnD 800 000 child deaths PEr Year are attRibUtable to zinc DefIciencY.

THis THen is The ConteXt in whICh the IcN2 deliberAtIOns tooK Place. MoRE ThAn 20 coUntries highlighteD ThE Important role tHat fisH pROdUCTs pLay, Or should plAy, In meeTIng the nUTrITIOnaL Requirements iN people's dieTS. WhAt follOwS is A Brief aCcounT oF The Issues, develOpmeNts, opportUnitieS And guidANce for fUture aCtiOn tHat Icn2 cOnSidErED in RElAtiON to The role oF fIsH and fIsheRIES In imProVing Human Nutrition.23

Fish In fOod aND nuTritiOn secUritY

IN receNt yearS, the iNiTiatives Scaling up NuTrition anD 1,000 DaYs (The ImPact oF NutritIon DurIng the fIrst 1 000 dayS Of lIfE) HAVe Helped focus on fish aS a RICh Animal-soUrce foOD cOnTAining muLtIplE nutRIEnts fOr grOWtH, developMent anD WeLl-Being, anD sPecifiCaLly As a SourcE Of esSentiaL fats for Brain DEvelopment and cOGnition. Foods fROm THE aQUatiC enVironment arE an eXCellEnt sOUrCe oF Both tHe macRoNUtRIents and micronutrieNtS needeD for a Healthy diet. HoWever, whethER A CommunitY eatS FiSH is strongly ingRaineD in its tradITional foOd habIts as welL as its purCHAsing powEr.

FIsh Is oNe oF THe Most important SOUrceS oF animal ProTein, accOunTinG foR abOuT 17 percent aT the globAl LeVeL, bUt eXceedINg 50 percenT iN maNy LeaSt-devELoped cOuntrIes. IT aLsO ProVides otHEr VALuabLe NuTrieNts SuCh as tHe loNG-chAin omegA-3 fatty aciDs dOCosaHeXaEnoic acId (DHA) and eicosApEntaenoic aCiD (EPa) - imporTANt for optImal neurodevelopment in cHIldren aNd fOr impRoviNg cardiovAscUlar heAltH. there iS conviNcing EvIdeNCE of beNEFiCiaL hEalth outcoMES frOm fisH cOnsuMption fOr reducing the risk oF DeaTh from coronarY heArt dISEaSe aND iMProViNG neUROdevelopment in iNfants and yOuNG cHildren, wheN The MoTher conSumes fiSh befORe and duRing pregnAncy.24

In addItIon tO THe hEalth benefIts of theSe macronuTRientS, FiSh alsO prOvides MiCroNutriEnts noT WidEly avAilablE fRom othEr souRcEs in the dIets of the poor. Greater attEntion Is focUsiNg on fisheRieS ProDucts as soUrceS of vitaminS anD miNeralS. SmALl-sizEd fiSH sPecIEs conSumeD Whole, with HEaDs aND BoNes, can be an eXCELleNt souRce OF many eSsenTial minerals such aS Iodine, selenium, Zinc, IROn, cAlcIUm, phOsPhorus, potassiuM, anD vITAmins sucH aS A, D and B.25 The lEvels of tHeSE nutrIents aRe also High in lARGeR Fish, buT
 risk of vitamin A deficie ncy, 200 m illio n p eop le  hav e go itre, and 20 m i llio n are mentally retarde d asar esul t  o f iod ine def i ci e n cy.  A lm ost  2 bi llion  pe ople (n early 30 p erc en t of the wor l d' s populati on)  are iron de fic ient,an d 8 0 0 000  ch ild d eathsp er yea r are att ri b utable to zinc d ef icie ncy.

This then i s  t h e context in w hich t he IC N 2  de lib erations t oo k pla c e. More th a n 20c ountries high lighted the imp ortant  r ole that f ish p ro d uct s play, orshou ld play,in mee t ing the nutriti onal r equ ire ment s  i npeo pl e 'sd ie ts. Wha t follow sis  a br iefa c c o untoftheissue s, developmen ts,  opp o rtu nitie s and  gui da nce f or fut ure a ct ion that ICN2 c onsi dered inrel at ion  t o the role o f f ish  and fi sheries inim p r o vi ng human nutrition .2 3 
F ish in f ood an d  n ut r ition se cu rit y

I n recen t ye a rs , the in itiati v es  S calingUp  Nutri ti onand  1,00 0  Day s (the  impactof nu t rition duringt he first 1 00 0  d a y so f li fe)  have helpe d fo c us o n fi s hasa  rich  anim al - so u rce food containing  m ultipl e nut rients for gr owth, deve l o p ment and  wel l -b e ing, and speci fical ly as a so u rce of e ssent ial fats  for brai n developm ent  an d c ogn i t io n. Foods from t he a qu atic en vir onmentare  an  ex cel le nt source  of both  t he  m ac ron utrie n ts and m ic ron ut rie nts n e eded f or aheal th yd iet . Howev e r, w heth er  a  com mun it y eat s fi s h i s stron gly ingra ine d  init straditi onal food hab it s as wellas  it s purc h a sing pow er.

Fish is one of the most im por tantsour ces of an ima l prot ein ,  accou ntingfor a bo ut1 7  perc e n tatth e global l e v el,  butex ceed ing 50percent in many le a st- developed cou ntr ies. I tals o  p r ovi de s  ot h e r valuable nutr ients such  a s  t he long-ch a inom ega-3 f atty ac ids d o cosahex aenoic ac id (DHA)an d ei c o sap entaenoicacid (EP A) - impo r tantf or  opti mal  neuro de vel opmen t in c h ild ren a nd for  i mprovi ng ca rd iovascul ar health. There is con vincin g evi den ce of ben efi c ial  health o utco mes from f ish  co nsump tio n  forredu c in g t h e ris k of death fro m  c oro n a ry  heart dise a s e  an d imp rov i ng neu rode velopment in infa n ts and young c hild r e n,whe n  the  m other consumes  fi sh b efore an dduring preg nancy.24 
I n add itionto the  health b en e fits o f th ese  macronut rie nt s , fishal so provid es m ic ronutr ientsn ot w i d ely available fr om ot h e r sou r ces  in t he  dietso f th e poor. Gr eater atten tion i s fo cusin g on fi sh eriespro du cts as sou r ces of vi tamin s and m in eral s.Small- size d fishspec ie s c onsumed w h o le ,  w it h  he adsand b on es,can be an excellen t s o urce of  m any e ssenti a lm i nerals suc h a s iod i n e, seleniu m , zi n c, iron,  calci um, ph osphoru s , p ot assium,  an d vitaminssuch as A ,  Dan d B. 25 The l ev elsof  th es e nutrients are  also hi gh in la r g er fis h,b ut
 risk_of vitamin_A deficiency, 200 million_people have_goitre,_and 20_million_are mentally retarded_as a result_of iodine deficiency. Almost_2 billion people_(nearly_30 percent of the world's population) are iron deficient, and 800 000 child deaths_per_year are_attributable_to_zinc deficiency.

This then is the_context in which the ICN2_deliberations took_place. More than 20 countries highlighted the important_role_that fish products_play, or should play, in meeting the nutritional requirements_in people's diets. What follows is_a brief account_of_the_issues, developments, opportunities and_guidance for future action that ICN2_considered in relation to the role_of fish and fisheries in improving human_nutrition.23

Fish in food and nutrition security

In_recent years, the initiatives Scaling_Up Nutrition_and 1,000 Days (the impact_of nutrition during_the first_1 000 days_of life) have helped focus on_fish as a_rich animal-source food containing multiple nutrients_for_growth, development and_well-being,_and_specifically as_a source of_essential_fats for_brain_development and cognition. Foods from the_aquatic_environment are an excellent source of both_the macronutrients and micronutrients_needed_for a healthy diet._However, whether a community eats_fish is strongly ingrained in its_traditional food_habits as_well as its purchasing power.

Fish is one of the most important_sources of animal protein, accounting for_about 17 percent at_the global_level,_but exceeding 50_percent_in many_least-developed countries. It also provides other valuable_nutrients such_as the long-chain omega-3 fatty acids_docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and_eicosapentaenoic_acid (EPA) - important for optimal_neurodevelopment in children and for improving_cardiovascular health. There is convincing_evidence_of_beneficial health outcomes from fish_consumption for reducing the risk of_death from coronary_heart disease and improving neurodevelopment in infants_and_young children, when the mother consumes_fish_before and during pregnancy.24

In addition to_the_health_benefits of these macronutrients, fish_also provides micronutrients not widely available_from other sources in the diets of the poor._Greater attention is_focusing on fisheries products as_sources_of_vitamins and minerals. Small-sized fish species consumed whole, with heads_and bones,_can be an_excellent source of many essential minerals such as iodine, selenium,_zinc, iron, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and vitamins_such as A, D and B.25 The levels of these nutrients_are also high in larger fish, but