 recommendations from the Global Conference on Inland Fisheries, new partners could be enlisted to share in this investment, including but not limited to development agencies and international conservation NGOs.

The bulk of the inland fishery harvest comes from developing countries, and it plays a vital yet largely unrecognized role in supporting the livelihoods and nutritional health of millions of men, women and children worldwide. Improved inland yield estimates will help to: (i) improve the valuation and accounting of these contributions and many other important ecosystem services provided by fish populations and fisheries; (ii) facilitate more effective policy-making and management for sustainable fisheries; and (iii) support the implementation of several steps in the Rome Declaration on Responsible Inland Fisheries (see Table 21, p. 149).

CUTTING BYCATCH AND DISCARDS IN TRAWL FISHERIES TO SLASH FOOD LOSS AND BOOST SUSTAINABILITY

The issue

Shrimp and other types of bottom trawling provide employment, income and livelihoods for hundreds of thousands of people in tropical and subtropical countries. However, in addition to targeted species, these fisheries also catch other fish and marine life. This incidental catch is called bycatch - or discards if thrown overboard rather than landed.33 The quantity of this bycatch can be several times that of the targeted species. Often, a significant part of the bycatch consists of small-sized and low-value fish, but it can also include juveniles of commercially important fish species as well as highly vulnerable animals such as sea turtles, sharks and rays. Bottom trawling can also damage sea-bed habitats, and it often causes conflicts with coastal small-scale fisheries.

Progress has been made worldwide in managing bycatch and reducing discards. Nonetheless, trawl bycatch and discards still constitute a sustainability threat by inflicting undue mortalities that jeopardize livelihoods and long-term food security. In tropical and subtropical countries, most shrimp and bottom trawl fisheries are poorly managed, and enforcement of management regulations is often weak, in particular with regard to bycatch and discards.

Although bycatch and discards may represent significant economic losses to the communities at large, fishers have few incentives to avoid bycatch. Fishers may have a different perspective of the magnitude of the problem and may consider that the potential conservation benefits do not go to them. They may also see adoption of mitigation measures as meaning significant loss of income,
recommendations from the Global Conference on Inland Fisheries, new partners could be enlisted to partake in this investing, admit but not limited to growth agency and international conservation NGOs. 

 The majority of the inland fishery harvest comes from developing state, and it plays a vital however largely unrecognized role in supporting the support and nutritional health of millions of men, women and children worldwide. Improved inland yield estimates will help to: (iodine) improve the valuation and accounting of these contribution and many other important ecosystem services provided by pisces populations and fisheries; (ii) facilitate more effective policy - making and management for sustainable fisheries; and (iii) patronize the implementation of several steps in the Rome Declaration on Responsible Inland Fisheries (see Table 21, p. 149). 

 CUTTING BYCATCH AND DISCARDS IN TRAWL FISHERIES TO SLASH FOOD LOSS AND BOOST SUSTAINABILITY 

 The issue 

 Shrimp and other types of bottom trawling provide employment, income and livelihoods for hundred of thousand of people in tropical and subtropical countries. However, in addition to target coinage, these fisheries also catch other fish and marine life. This incidental apprehension is called bycatch - or discards if thrown overboard rather than landed.33 The quantity of this bycatch can be several times that of the targeted species. Often, a meaning part of the by-catch consists of small - sized and low - value fish, but it can also include juvenile of commercially important fish species as well as highly vulnerable animals such as sea turtles, sharks and rays. Bottom trawling can besides damage sea - bed habitats, and it often causes conflict with coastal small - plate fisheries. 

 Progress has been made worldwide in managing bycatch and reduce discards. Nonetheless, trawl bycatch and discards still appoint a sustainability threat by inflict undue mortalities that jeopardize livelihoods and farseeing - condition food security. In tropical and subtropical countries, most prawn and bottom trawl fisheries are poorly oversee, and enforcement of management regulations is often weak, in finical with regard to bycatch and discards. 

 Although bycatch and discards may represent meaning economic losses to the communities at bombastic, fishers have few incentives to avoid bycatch. Fishers may suffer a different perspective of the magnitude of the trouble and may consider that the likely conservation benefits do not go to them. They may also see adoption of mitigation measures as meaning meaning loss of income,
 refommendations from the Guobal Conferencg in Inlend Fisgeries, ndw partners could be enlistev to shart in this investmeng, includijg but nit lmmited to develo'jent agcucies wnd nnvernational conxervation TGOs.

The bulk ox ghz inland fishery harvest comes from qeveloponh countries, anq it [laya a vital yet largely unrecognized role ii supporting thr livelihoods and nutritiojal jealth of millions of men, womgh age children wurldwide. Improved inlahd yield estimates will help to: (i) im'rove the vqlyatlmn and acconnting of these coknributimns and many other imiortait exosystem services protided by fish populajions and xiaheries; (ii) facilirare mote efxectkce ooljcb-maiing ajd janagement for sustaibable fisheries; and (iyp) support the impleiegtation of several steps in the Rome Deblarztion on Responsible Inoand Fisheries (see Tahle 21, p. 149).

CUETING BYCATCH AND DISCARDS IN TRAWL FISHERIES TO VLASH WOOB LOSS QNF BOOST SUSTAINABILITY

The issue

Shrimp and othqd uypvs of bottom trawjing providr fmljoyment, incomg and lnbemihoods for hundrefs of trousabds of pejple in tropical and subtropicao countries. Kowwver, in addition tl targeted rpecoes, tnese fisheries also cateh othsr fish and marine ljwe. This incidentxl batcv is called bycatch - or difcards if thrpwn ovefboatd rathqr than lajded.33 Bve quantity of thid bycctch wan be sevfral times that of the targeted species. Often, a sicnificanc part of the bycatsh consists of small-snzed avd low-valuv fish, buv it can alsj include juvajiles of comkerciallr importqnt fisf species as wekl as higkjy vylnerable animals xucf as sea turtles, shqrks and rays. Bpttum erwwkigc can also ddmagd sds-bed fabitats, anb kt ogten causes conflictv wifh coastal small-scslc fisherigs.

Progresf has been mace worldwide in majaginj bycavch anc rgducing discards. Nonetheless, trzwl bycatfh wnd discards stiol constitutz a sustainability threat by inflicting nndue mortalities that heopardize livelihopcs and long-verm fjod securhty. In tropical and wubtropical countvies, most shrimp and bkttom drawl fisheries are poorly managed, and enforcement of management regulations iw oftei reak, in parficukar wpth xegard eo bbcetch and discards.

Slthough bycatch and discards mey represett significant economic losses tu the communijies at large, fishers have few incrntives to avoid bycatch. Fisherx may have a different pcrspectivw of fhe magnitnde of the problem amd may consuder thqt tme potential cunsrryation benffitx bo not go to them. They may also swe adoptlon of mitigatioi measures ad meanpng siggificant loss of inckle,
recommendations from the Global Conference on Inland partners be enlisted share in this to agencies and international NGOs. The bulk the inland fishery harvest comes from countries, and it plays a vital yet largely unrecognized role in supporting the and nutritional health of millions of men, women and children worldwide. Improved inland estimates help (i) the valuation and accounting of these contributions and many other important ecosystem services provided by fish and fisheries; (ii) facilitate more effective policy-making and for sustainable fisheries; and support the implementation of several in Rome Declaration Responsible Fisheries Table 21, p. CUTTING BYCATCH AND DISCARDS IN TRAWL FISHERIES TO SLASH FOOD LOSS AND BOOST SUSTAINABILITY The issue Shrimp other types trawling provide income livelihoods hundreds of thousands in tropical and subtropical countries. However, targeted species, these fisheries also catch other fish marine life. incidental catch is called bycatch - discards if thrown overboard rather than landed.33 The of this bycatch can be several times that of the targeted species. Often, a significant the bycatch consists of and low-value fish, it also juveniles commercially important species as well as highly vulnerable animals such as sea turtles, and rays. Bottom trawling can also damage sea-bed habitats, and causes with coastal small-scale Progress has been made in bycatch and reducing discards. bycatch discards sustainability by undue mortalities that jeopardize and long-term food security. In and subtropical countries, most are poorly managed, and enforcement of management regulations often weak, in particular with regard to and discards. Although bycatch and discards may represent significant economic losses to communities at have few incentives to avoid bycatch. Fishers may a different perspective of magnitude of the problem and may consider that the conservation do not to them. They also see adoption mitigation measures as loss of
 recommendations from the GloBal ConfereNce on inlAnd fiSherIes, nEw partners coulD Be enListed to share in this invEstmeNt, INcluDInG but nOt limitED tO DEveLoPmEnt AgENcIes anD inTernatiOnal conserVatIoN NGOs.

The bulk OF tHe inland fiSheRy harvest comEs fRom devElOpiNG counTriEs, and It playS A vital Yet largelY uNRecognIZed role IN SuPporTing the livelihoodS AnD Nutritional heaLth of mIlLIoNS Of mEn, wOmen and chiLdRen woRLdwide. IMPrOVED inLAnd yield estimAtes will helP To: (i) ImprovE tHe vALuatioN and aCcOUntIng of these cOntrIbutions aNd many OTher impORtant ecOsysteM seRviCes pROvIdEd bY fISh pOPuLatIOns And fisheRiEs; (Ii) facIlitATE MOre eFfeCtivE poliCy-making and maNagEmenT For SustaInablE fisHeRies; aNd (iii) sUpporT tHe implementatioN of sEveral stePs iN tHe ROmE DeclARation On REspOnsible inland FISheRiES (SEe table 21, p. 149).

CUTTING BYCATcH and DiSCARDS In TRAWL fiShEriES TO SLAsH fOOd LOSs anD BOOsT SUstAiNABILITy

The isSUe

shRimp and OtHer typEs Of bOttOm traWLing ProvidE employmEnt, inCOme and livelihoODs for hundreds OF tHOUsANds oF peOple in tropiCal aND subTropICaL coUNtrieS. HoweVeR, In ADdition to targeted spEcIes, theSe fisHeries also catCh other fisH AND marine lIfe. THIs INcidental catch Is calLed bycatch - OR discardS if thRown overBoard rathER Than landEd.33 THe qUanTitY OF tHis bycatch can BE SeveRaL times tHat Of the taRgeTed SpeCieS. OFten, a signIficant pArT oF tHe BycAtch cONsists of SmAll-SiZed And loW-Value fIsh, buT it cAn AlSO inClude juVEnILEs of CoMmErciAllY iMportAnt fISh sPecies aS well as hiGhlY VulnErAbLe animaLs such as sea tuRtLes, sharks aNd RayS. BottoM TRawling cAn also damage sea-bed habitATs, and it OftEn cauSes cOnflicts wIth CoastaL smALl-scalE fisheRies.

PRoGreSS Has beEN MaDe wOrLdwide in maNAGinG bycaTcH and ReducinG discards. NonetheleSS, trAwl bycatch and DisCardS STiLl cONsTItuTe A SusTAInability threat By inflictiNg UNdUe mortalitIEs tHaT jeoparDize livElihoODs and loNg-term fooD security. in TropICAl aNd subtropiCal countRies, most sHRimp aND bOttom TraWl fishErIes Are poOrly maNAgeD, and eNforceMeNt of maNagemEnT regulatIons is often weak, in particUlar wiTh regArd To bycatch And DIscArds.

AlthoUgh bYcatch and dIscArdS may rEprESent sIgniFIcAnt EConomIc loSSes to the cOMmUniTIEs At large, fishERS HavE few iNceNTives tO avoId bycatch. Fishers mAY have a differenT perSPEctIve OF the MaGnitude of the prOblEm AND may consIdEr that the poTential cOnSErvatIon benEfits dO not go tO THeM. they maY alsO seE adoption Of mItIGation mEaSuREs as meAninG sIgnifiCant loSS of iNCOme,
 recommendations from theGlobal Con feren ceonIn land  Fis heries, new pa r tner s could be enlisted to  shar ei n th i sinves tment,i nc l u din gbu t n ot li mited  to  develo pment agen cie sand internat i on al conserv ati on NGOs.

Th e b ulk of  t hei nland  fi shery  harve s t come s from de ve l opingc ountrie s ,  a nd i t plays a vital y e tl argely unrecog nizedro l ei n  su ppo rting theli velih o ods and nu t r i tio n al health ofmillions of men , wome nand childr en wo rl d wid e. Improved  inl and yield  estim a tes wil l  help t o: (i)  im pro ve t h eva lua ti o n a n dacc o unt ing of t he se  cont ribu t i o n s an d m anyother  important ec osy stem ser vices  prov ided  b y fis h popu latio ns  and fisheries;  (ii ) facilit ate  m ore  e ffect i ve pol icy -ma king an d manag e men tf o r  s ustainable fisheri es ; an d (iii)suppor t  t he implemen ta tio n of s evera l st e ps  in theRome D e cl ar ation o nRespon si ble  In landF ishe ries ( see Tabl e 21, p. 149).

CUTT I NG BYCATCH AN D  D I S CA R DS I N T RAWL FISHER IEST O SL ASHF OO D L O SS AN D BOO ST SU S TAINABILITY

The is su e

Shr imp a nd other type s of botto m t rawlingprov i de employment, in comeand liveli h oods for  hund reds ofthousands o f people  in  tr opi cal a nd  subtropicalc o untr ie s. Howe ver , in ad dit ion  to  ta rg eted spec ies, the se  f is he rie s als o  catch o th erfi shand m a rine l ife.This  i nc i den tal cat c hi s  cal le dbyca tch  -  or d isca r dsif thro wn overbo ard rath er  t han lan ded.33 The qu an tity of th is  by catchc a n be sev eral times that of thet argeted  sp ecies . Of ten, a si gni ficant  pa r t of t he byc atchco nsi s t s ofs m al l-s iz ed and low - v alu e fis h,  but  it can  also include juve n ile s of commerci all y im p o rt ant fi s h s pe c ies a s well as highl y vulnerab le an imals such asse a turtl es, sha rks a n d rays.  Bottom t rawling c an  als o dam age sea-be d habita ts, and i t  ofte n  c auses  co nflict swit h coa stal s m all -scal e fish er ies.
Progr es s has be en made worldwide in ma naging  byca tch  and redu cin g  di scards. N onet heless, tr awl  by catch  an d  disc ards st ill const itut e  a sustai n ab ili t y  t hreat by in f l i cti ng un due mortal itie s that jeopardize livelihoods an d lo n g -te rmf oodse curity. In tro pic al a nd subtr op ical countr ies, mos ts hrimp  and b ottomtrawl f i s he r ies ar e po orl y managed , a nd enforce me nt of man agem en t regu lation s  iso f ten weak, in par ticul a r  with reg ard t obycatch anddiscards.
Although b ycatch  and  disc ards ma yrepres ent  s ignificant economiclosse s to th ecomm uni ties a t la r g e, fi sher shav e few inc e n ti v es  t o  av oidbycat ch . Fi shers may have a d iff e rent pe rs pec t i ve oft he m agnitude o f t he pr o b lem and ma y  con s id e r tha t thepotent ial con s erv at ion ben efi t s  do not g o to them .  Th ey  may  also se eadop ti onof  mitigation mea sures as  meaning s ignifi can t  los s  of in co me,
 recommendations_from the_Global Conference on Inland_Fisheries, new_partners_could be_enlisted_to share in_this investment, including_but not limited to_development agencies and_international_conservation NGOs.

The bulk of the inland fishery harvest comes from developing countries, and it_plays_a vital_yet_largely_unrecognized role in supporting the_livelihoods and nutritional health of_millions of_men, women and children worldwide. Improved inland yield_estimates_will help to:_(i) improve the valuation and accounting of these contributions_and many other important ecosystem services_provided by fish_populations_and_fisheries; (ii) facilitate more_effective policy-making and management for sustainable_fisheries; and (iii) support the implementation_of several steps in the Rome Declaration_on Responsible Inland Fisheries (see Table_21, p. 149).

CUTTING BYCATCH AND_DISCARDS IN_TRAWL FISHERIES TO SLASH FOOD_LOSS AND BOOST_SUSTAINABILITY

The issue

Shrimp_and other types_of bottom trawling provide employment, income_and livelihoods for_hundreds of thousands of people in_tropical_and subtropical countries._However,_in_addition to_targeted species, these_fisheries_also catch_other_fish and marine life. This incidental_catch_is called bycatch - or discards if_thrown overboard rather than_landed.33_The quantity of this_bycatch can be several times_that of the targeted species. Often,_a significant_part of_the bycatch consists of small-sized and low-value fish, but it can_also include juveniles of commercially important_fish species as well_as highly_vulnerable_animals such as_sea_turtles, sharks_and rays. Bottom trawling can also damage_sea-bed habitats,_and it often causes conflicts with_coastal small-scale fisheries.

Progress has_been_made worldwide in managing bycatch and_reducing discards. Nonetheless, trawl bycatch and_discards still constitute a sustainability_threat_by_inflicting undue mortalities that jeopardize_livelihoods and long-term food security. In_tropical and subtropical_countries, most shrimp and bottom trawl fisheries_are_poorly managed, and enforcement of management_regulations_is often weak, in particular with_regard_to_bycatch and discards.

Although bycatch and_discards may represent significant economic losses_to the communities at large, fishers have few incentives_to avoid bycatch._Fishers may have a different_perspective_of_the magnitude of the problem and may consider that the_potential conservation_benefits do not_go to them. They may also see adoption of mitigation_measures as meaning significant loss of income,