All of these, yes. Specifically, every single one of these items. You have yet to cite your sources (specifically, where Marx states what; yes, with excerpts — from any pertinent work by him), and you have yet to provide the specific examples on how to measure validity or lack thereof (statistics, sure, but in historical context). A more substantive exposition is needed, I do not see this discussion moving forward, beyond the circular, until this is provided, sorry. El_C