<https://journals.biologists.com/dev/article/138/21/4743/44709/Blood-vessels-restrain-pancreas-branching>
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"The vasculature restricts pancreas growth. (A) Hypervascularization of pancreata overexpressing VEGF. Whole-mount staining for Pecam (green) and Pdx1 (red) in pancreata from an E13.5 Pdx1-tTA; TET-VEGF embryo and a control littermate. Scale bar: 100 μm. (B) Smaller pancreas in newborn mice (postnatal day 1) overexpressing VEGF. Dotted lines mark the pancreas. Among control animals, top image is from a Pdx1-tTA animal and bottom image is from a TET-VEGF animal. All images are from the same litter. (C) Reduced pancreas weight in newborn mice overexpressing VEGF. n describes the number of mice analyzed. Graphs show cumulative data from three litters. In each litter, wild-type pancreas weight was normalized to 1, to correct for inter-litter differences. Data are mean±s.e.m. (D) Elimination of endothelial cells upon treatment of pancreatic explants with VEGFR2 inhibitor. Pancreatic buds from E12.5 wild-type embryos were cultured for 3 days in the presence or absence of VEGFR2i. In the lower panels, mice contained a Flk1-LacZ reporter allele. X-gal stains blood vessels in such mice. Scale bars: 200 μm (top); 80 μm (bottom). (E) Larger size of E12.5 pancreatic buds cultured for 3 days in the presence of VEGFR2i. Images show confocal z-stacks of explants in whole-mount stained for Pdx1. Shown are representative images from three individual explants. Yellow numbers describe the area stained for Pdx1. Scale bar: 200 μm. (F) Quantification of explant size after treatment with VEGFR2i, as in E. n describes the total number of explants analyzed. Graphs show cumulative data from ten experiments using ten independent litters. Data are mean±s.e.m."
<https://journals.biologists.com/dev/article/138/21/4743/44709/Blood-vessels-restrain-pancreas-branching>