<https://community.oilprice.com/topic/24470-europeans-and-americans-are-beginning-to-see-the-results-of-depending-on-renewables/#comment-164385>
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"Why hydro\n \n\n\n\n\n\tThis chart's 'y' axis...\n \n\n\n\t...per KWH?  Yes that's energy...but it's hard to wrap my mind around something...\n \n\n\n\tHydro really releases that much CO2 per KWH generated over some life cycle??\n \n\n\n\tIf it is supposed to be \"capital impacts\", then the correct unit should be KW.\n \n\n\n\tIf you wish to use KWH, you must include the impact of any fuel consumed.  And any fuel consumed to \"fabricate\" and deliver that fuel.\n \n\n\n\tIt would be of interest to see FF generation on the same chart.  The USA's total generation average is WELL ABOVE 500 grams/KWH (on top of the capital impacts).\n \n\n\n\t \n \n\n\n\tAlso, does hydro's concrete/cement portion include the dam? While hydro does need lots of concrete, I can guarantee you there is MUCH more concrete (and rebar out the wazzo) per KW in a modern nuc plant if you exclude the dam from hydro.\n \n\n\n\tA dam is used to control water for many other important purposes, power generation is a side benefit.\n \n\n\n\tThere's some argument to be made that FF is really \"biomass\", just \"well aged\" biomass.\n \n\\html\\core\\globalditor\\attachedImage.phtml --&gt;\n \n\\html\\core\\globalditor\\attachedImage.phtml --&gt;"
<https://community.oilprice.com/topic/24470-europeans-and-americans-are-beginning-to-see-the-results-of-depending-on-renewables/?tab=comments#comment-164506>