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"If you look closely enough on Google or Bing Maps, some places are blanked out, hidden from public view. Many of those places disguise secret or sensitive American military facilities.\nThe United States military has a foothold in every corner of the world, with military bases on every continent. It's not even clear how many there are out there. The Pentagon says there are around 5,000 in total, and 598 in foreign countries, but those numbers are disputed by the media. \nSee also: 7 Outdated Technologies the U.S. Military Still Uses\nBut how do these facilities look from above? To answer that question, you first need to locate the bases. Which, as it turns out, is relatively easy.\nThat's what Josh Begley, a data artist, found out when he embarked on a project to map all known U.S. military bases around the world, collect satellite pictures of them using Google Maps and Bing Maps, and display them all online. \nThe project, which he warns is ongoing, was inspired by Trevor Paglen's book \"Blank Spots on the Map\" which goes inside the world of secret military bases that are sometimes censored on maps. \n\"I wanted to apply this to a digital landscape,\" Begley told Mashable. \"What are the actual blind spots of Google Maps or Bing Maps? Which installations are secret and which can be viewed on the open Internet?\"\nBegley has found the coordinates for 650 bases, and published pictures for 644 of them \u2014 although a few are blacked out, not displayed, or blurred. \nHe started working on the project at the beginning of November, simply armed with the Department of Defense 2013 Base Structure Report, an inventory of all the real estate owned by the Pentagon around the world, a few media reports that uncovered secret bases, and a computer script he had used last year to make another mapping project that displayed aerial pictures of U.S. prisons.\nHe modified that script, which he made along with his friend and fellow digital artist Jer Thorp, to grab a series of coordinates from a database file, query the Google and Bing maps' APIs, and automatically capture a satellite picture of that spot. Sounds easy enough, but some publicly available coordinates aren't particularly precise, so Begley had to manually take screenshots for those (and he still has to finish correcting some mistakes).\nThis manual work was also necessary in cases where the bases are secret, or at least not officially acknowledged by the U.S. government. The CIA site that independent journalist Jeremy Scahill uncovered in Mogadishu, Somalia, or the secret drone base unearthed by Wired's Noah Shachtman earlier this year are examples.\nBegley had already included a picture of a highly classified facility in Qatar before U.S. Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel officially revealed its location on Tuesday \u2014 even though it had been something of an open secret.\nWhich leads us to the question: Is any of this actually a good idea?\nGoogle Earth satellite pictures were reportedly used to pinpoint a target by terrorists who killed 164 people in a tragic attack in Mumbai, India, which prompted some to call for a ban on publishing these types of pictures.\n\"Google and Microsoft and every other commercial provider should be barred from photographing and displaying military bases,\" Computerworld's Patrick Thibodeau wrote at the time. \"We are building intelligence capability for our enemies.\"\nBut experts disagree, and don't see Begley's site as something to worry about.\n\"The capability to acquire and publish such imagery is simply a fact of life that military forces and others have to adapt to,\" said Steven Aftergood, an expert in secrecy and researcher for the Federation of American Scientists. \nThis capability can theoretically be used to plot terror attacks, he explained, but it can also provide great geographical insight.\n\"In an open society, we take the good with the bad,\" he told Mashable.\n\"I\u2019m sure it\u2019s not welcomed by the DoD,\" said Joe Francica, the editor in chief and vice publisher of Directions Media, a publication that covers geospatial technology. \"But if you are in intelligence at Al-Qaeda, somebody probably has done this already.\"\nA Department of Defense spokesperson didn't respond to Mashable's requests for comment.\nBegley, on his part, said he would understand if someone criticized the project, but he doesn't see anything wrong with it.\n\"I'm mostly just posing the question,\" he said. \"[The website] really is just a highlight of things that are already available on the Internet.\"\nMoreover, it's not unprecedented. In 2000, pictures of the once secret Area 51, taken by a Russian satellite, were leaked on the Internet. \nNobody owns the skies above secret bases, so there's no law that prevents privately-owned or public satellites from snapping pictures from space. But when it comes to publishing them, secrecy can still prevail.\nGoogle Maps, for example, doesn't show an image for the secret drone base exposed by Wired. But Bing does.\n\nAnd in other cases the censorship \u2014 for lack of a better word \u2014 can be even more imaginative, as it is with images of the Volkel Air Base, a military base in the Netherlands.\n\nThese are cases in which Google and Microsoft were asked not to publish a clear image of the sites. The two companies declined to answer specific questions about the sites, and about Begley's project. But they explained that sometimes, it's not up to them to make these kind of calls. \n\"Google Earth is built from a broad range of imagery providers, including public, government, commercial and private sector sources \u2014 some of which may blur images before they supply it to us,\" said a Google spokesperson.\nMicrosoft, on its part, explained that sometimes it is required to delete or blur images. \"We work with our imagery collection vendors to ensure that they comply with applicable laws,\" a company spokesperson said.\nTake a look at the most interesting aerial views, as chosen by Begley himself, in the gallery below. \n\n\nU.S. Military Bases From Above\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nHarvey Point\n\nThis base in North Carolina has been used for years by the CIA to train agents for terrorist attacks. The drills even included powerful explosions that could be heard in the towns nearby.\nThe picture above shows the reproduction of Bin Laden's compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan. This is where the Navy SEALs practiced before their historic raid.\n\"Interesting to think of the choreographies that took place here, in North Carolina, before being made famous (and subsequently dramatized) half a world away,\" Begley said.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nYucca Dry Lake\nThis site is part of the Tonopah Test Range, where Lockheed Martin reportedly tests \"experimental unmanned aerial vehicles\" on a secluded airstrip east of the lake, according to Trevor Paglen's book, Blank Spots on the Map.\" \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nNaval Communication Station Holt\n\nThis is \"the most powerful transmission station in the Southern Hemisphere,\" according to the Daily Mail.\n\"Never heard of the site before, but it's strangely beautiful from above,\"  Begley said.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAbu Ghraib Prison\n\nThe infamous Iraqi prison where Saddam Hussein held political prisoners, and where U.S. soldiers were later caught torturing inmates. \n\"When I think of Abu Ghraib I think of photographs and headlines; scandal,\" Begley explained. \"Rarely do I think about a built environment, or a place that has neighbors across the street.\"\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nWhite Sands Missile Range\nWhen seen from a certain height on Google Maps, the facility looks all white. But , it shows these weird fluorescent colors.  \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCamp Lemonnier\n\nIn 2012, the Economist described this base in Djibouti as \"the most important base for drone operations outside the war zone of Afghanistan.\"\nThe U.S. government was recently forced to relocate its fleet of drones after the government of Djibouti expressed fears the unmanned robots could collide with passenger flights.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCamp Simba\n\nJeremy Scahill exposes this base in his award-winning book \"Dirty Wars,\" where he describes it as a \"launching pad\" for the Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC), the secretive elite military organization that comprises the Navy SEALs.   \n\"It was from Manda Bay that elite U.S. hit teams would stage any potential operations inside of Somalia. The men who would be tasked with this mission were classified as Task Force 88,\" writes Scahill in his book.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTolicha Peak Electronic Combat Range\nThis is an Air Force facility in Nevada, where fighter pilots are reportedly trained in the field of \"electronic warfare.\" \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nHave something to add to this story? Share it in the comments.\nImage: Google Maps"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string>
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