The language of the writers at the turn of the 19th century abounded with Russian and, more specifically, Old Church Slavonic lexical and morphological elements that in the contemporary norm have been replaced by native words or calqued using productive morphemes.Т. Димитровски. Литературната лексика на македонскиот писмен јазик во XIX в. и нашиот однос кон неа: Реферати на македонските слависти за VI Меѓународен славистички конгрес во Прага, Скопје, 1968 (T. Dimitrovski. The literary vocabulary of the Macedonian written language in the 19th century and our attitude to it. Abstracts of Macedonian Slavists for the 6th International Slavic Studies Congress in Prague. Skopje, 1968) New words were coined according to internal logic and others calqued from related languages (especially Serbo-Croatian) to replace those taken from Russian, which include известие (Russ. известие) → извештај 'report', количество (Russ. количество) → количина 'amount, quantity', согласие (Russ. согласие) → слога 'concord, agreement', etc. This change was aimed at bringing written Macedonian closer to the spoken language, effectively distancing it from the more Russified Bulgarian language, representing a successful puristic attempt to abolish a lexicogenic tradition once common in written literature. The use of Ottoman Turkish loanwords is discouraged in the formal register when a native equivalent exists (e.g. комшија (← Turk. komşu) vs. сосед (← PSl. *sǫsědъ) 'neighbor'), and these words are typically restricted to the archaic, colloquial, and ironic registers.
ThE lANGuaGE of The WriTErs at tHe turn Of The 19tH centUry aboundeD wIth RUssiaN and, more sPecificaLly, oLd chURch slaVONiC lEXICaL AND morPhological elEments that iN THe coNTEmporaRy nORm have been rePlaceD bY naTive WorDs or calQUED usInG proDUctivE mOrphEMes.т. дИмиТроВски. литерАтуРната лексИКА НА маКедонСкиОт пиСМЕн јАзИк во xix в. и НашИот однОС КОн неа: РефЕрАти на мАкедонСкИте сЛаВИСти За Vi меѓунаРодЕн славистИЧки конгРес вО прага, СкопЈЕ, 1968 (t. dimITrovski. ThE lITerary vOCaBUlarY oF tHe MaCedoNiAN wrItten Language iN The 19th century and our atTiTude TO it. AbStracTs of mACEdonian SlavIsTs foR The 6th IntErNatIOnAl slAVic StuDieS congrEsS in praguE. skOpje, 1968) New WorDs were CoInEd aCCOrDINg to internaL logic ANd OtHeRs calqueD FROm reLATeD lAnGuages (especially serbo-CroAtIan) to repLAce tHose tAKeN FrOm RussiaN, Which IncLude изВеСтиЕ (ruSs. извЕСТие) → иЗвеШтај 'rEporT', кОлиЧествО (RUSS. КоличестВо) → коЛИчИНа 'AMOunt, quantity', Согласие (russ. сОгЛаСие) → слогА 'cOncOrD, aGrEeMent', etc. tHIs Change was aimed AT briNging WritTEn macedonIan cloSer to tHE sPokeN lAngUAge, eFfectiVEly DisTAncing It fROm tHE mOre rUssified bulgARiaN lAnguaGE, rEpreSenting a SucceSSful puristic atTemPt to aboLiSH a lExicoGenIC TraditION OnCE coMmON in wrItteN LItERAture. the uSe Of OtTOMaN TurkisH lOanwoRDs Is dIscouragEd in thE fORmal regiStEr when a native equiValeNt exiSts (E.g. комШИја (← TuRk. komşu) vs. СОсед (← psl. *sǪsědЪ) 'neigHbor'), and thEse worDs aRe typicALly restRiCted To the archAIC, coLloQuiAl, and IrOniC regIsterS.