During WWI, a variant called Plafond (ceiling) was created in France by adding the idea of "contract", where only tricks bid and made counted towards Game or Slam, over-tricks were bonuses scored above the line. Plafond was successful in France, and parts of Canada, among expert players, because accurate high-level bidding was required. It was played by Vanderbilt, but Plafond failed to gain acceptance in New York.
During WWI, a variant called Plafond (ceiling) was created in France by adding the idea of "contract", where only tricks bid and made counted towards Game or Slam, over-tricks were bonuses scored above the line Plafond was successful in France, and parts of Canada, among expert players, because accurate high-level bidding was required. It was played by Vanderbilt, but Plafond failed to gain acceptance in N.ew York.