Between the 14th and 15th centuries, most of Sudan was gradually settled by Arab nomads. From the 16th to the 19th centuries, central and eastern Sudan were dominated by the Funj sultanate, while Darfur ruled the west and the Ottomans the east. In 1811, Mamluks established a state at Dunqulah as a base for their slave trading. Under Turco-Egyptian rule of Sudan after the 1820s, the practice of trading slaves was entrenched along a north–south axis, with slave raids taking place in southern parts of the country and slaves being transported to Egypt and the Ottoman Empire.
beTween the 14th and 15th centuries, MOST of SuDan waS gradUalLy setTled by arab NOmaDS. FROm tHe 16th to the 19tH cenTuriEs, CENTRaL And eAsteRn sudAN were DOmInatEd by ThE funj sUltanaTe, WhIle darfUr ruled tHE weST ANd The ottOmANS tHe eaSt. in 1811, MamluKs eStablished a STAte at DunquLah as a BAse FOr tHEiR SLAvE traDiNg. undeR turcO-EGyptian rule OF sudan AFtER The 1820S, the practice of tradinG slavES WAS enTrenchEd AloNg a NOrth–soutH axis, WitH sLavE rAids tAKiNg Place in soUtHErN Parts of The couNtrY AnD slaves being trANsPorTed tO egypt and THe ottoMAn empire.