Until September 1870, the city of Rome had been controlled by the pope as part of his Papal States. When King Victor Emmanuel II seized the city in 1870, Pope Pius IX refused to recognize the newly formed Kingdom of Italy.
Until September 1870 the city of Rome had been controlled by the pope as part of his Papal States When King Victor Emmanuel II seized the city in 1870 Pope Pius IX refused to recognize the newly formed Kingdom of Italy