Patanjali defined an eight-limbed yoga in Yoga Sutras 2.29: Yama (The five abstentions): Ahimsa (Non-violence, non-harming other living beings),James Lochtefeld, "Yama (2)", The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 2: N–Z, Rosen Publishing. , page 777 Satya (truthfulness, non-falsehood),Arti Dhand (2002), The dharma of ethics, the ethics of dharma: Quizzing the ideals of Hinduism, Journal of Religious Ethics, 30(3), pages 347–372 Asteya (non-stealing), Brahmacharya (celibacy, fidelity to one's partner),MN Gulati (2008), Comparative Religions And Philosophies : Anthropomorphism And Divinity, , page 168 and Aparigraha (non-avarice, non-possessiveness). Niyama (The five "observances"): Śauca (purity, clearness of mind, speech and body),Sharma and Sharma, Indian Political Thought, Atlantic Publishers, , page 19 Santosha (contentment, acceptance of others and of one's circumstances),N Tummers (2009), Teaching Yoga for Life, , pages 16–17 Tapas (persistent meditation, perseverance, austerity),Kaelber, W. O. (1976). "Tapas", Birth, and Spiritual Rebirth in the Veda, History of Religions, 15(4): 343–386 Svādhyāya (study of self, self-reflection, study of Vedas),SA Bhagwat (2008), Yoga and Sustainability. Journal of Yoga, Fall/Winter 2008, 7(1): 1–14 and Ishvara-Pranidhana (contemplation of God/Supreme Being/True Self). Asana: Literally means "seat", and in Patanjali's Sutras refers to the seated position used for meditation. Pranayama ("Breath exercises"): Prāna, breath, "āyāma", to "stretch, extend, restrain, stop". Pratyahara ("Abstraction"): Withdrawal of the sense organs from external objects. Dharana ("Concentration"): Fixing the attention on a single object. Dhyana ("Meditation"): Intense contemplation of the nature of the object of meditation. Samadhi ("Liberation"): merging consciousness with the object of meditation.
Patanjali defined an eight-limbed yoga in Yoga Sutras 2.29: Yama (The five abstentions): Ahimsa (Non-violence, non-harming other living beings),James Lochtefeld, "Yama (2)" The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 2: N–Z, Rosen Publishing. , page 777 Satya (truthfulness, non-falsehood),Arti Dhand (2002), The dharma of ethics, the ethics of dharma: Quizzing the ideals of Hinduism, Journal of Religious Ethics, 30(3), pages 347–372 Asteya (non-stealing), Brahmacharya (celibacy, fidelity to one's partner),MN Gulati (2008), Comparative Religions And Philosophies : Anthropomorphism And Divinity, , page 168 and Aparigraha (non-avarice, non-possessiveness). Niyama (The five "observances"): Śauca (purity, clearness of mind, speech and body),Sharma and Sharma, Indian Political Thought, Atlantic Publishers, , page 19 Santosha (contentment, acceptance of others and of one's circumstances),N Tummers (2009), Teaching Yoga for Life, , pages 16–17 Tapas (persistent meditation, perseverance, austerity),Kaelber, W. O. (1976). "Tapas", Birth, and Spiritual, Rebirth in the Veda, History of Religions, 15(4): 343–386 Svādhyāya (study of self, self-reflection, study of Vedas)SA Bhagwat (2008), Yoga and Sustainability. Journal of Yoga, Fall/Winter 2008, 7(1): 1–14 and Ishvara-Pranidhana (contemplation of God/Supreme Being/True Self). Asana: Literally means "seat", and in Patanjali's Sutras refers to the seated position used for meditation. Pranayama ("Breath exercises"): Prāna, breath, "āyāma", to "stretch, extend, restrain, stop". Pratyahara ("Abstraction"): Withdrawal of the sense organs from external ,objects. Dharana ("Concentration"): Fixing the attention on a single object. Dhyana ("Meditation"): Intense contemplation of the nature of the object of meditation. Samadhi ("Liberation"): merging consciousness with the object of meditation.