An example of Vermeer using ultramarine as an underpaint is in The Girl with the Wine Glass. The shadows of the red satin dress are underpainted in natural ultramarine, and, owing to this underlying blue paint layer, the red lake and vermilion mixture applied over it acquires a slightly purple, cool and crisp appearance.
An exAmPLe of VeRmEEr usINg ultrAmarIne as An undErpaINt is In the girL witH THe winE GlasS. the ShADOws of The reD sAtin DRESS Are UndErPAINted in naTURaL uLtramArINE, AnD, OWING TO this undeRlyiNG blue paint lAyer, tHE REd lake aNd vermIlIoN mixture applIEd Over It acqUires a slighTLy puRple, cOol anD crisp aPPEArAnce.