Classical Chinese can be described as a pro-drop language: its syntax often allows either subjects or objects to be dropped when their reference is understood. Additionally, words are generally not restricted to use as certain parts of speech: many characters may function as either a noun, verb, or adjective. There is no general copula in Classical Chinese akin to how is used in modern Standard Chinese. Characters that can sometimes function as a copula in specific circumstances include (; 'make', 'do') when indicating temporary circumstances, and (; 'say') when used in the sense of 'to be called'.
Classical Chinese can be described as a pro-drop language: its syntax often allows either subjects or objects to be dropped when their reference is understood. Additionally, words are generally not restricted to use as certain parts of speech: many characters may function as either a noun, verb, or adjective. There is no general copula in Classical Chinese akin to how is used in modern Standard Chinese. Characters that can sometimes function as a copula in specific circumstances include (; 'make', 'do') when indicating temporary circumstances, and (; 'say') when used in the sense of 'to be called'