Later came systems based on a more complete consideration of the characteristics of taxa, referred to as "natural systems", such as those of de Jussieu (1789), de Candolle (1813) and Bentham and Hooker (1862–1863). These classifications described empirical patterns and were pre-evolutionary in thinking.
lAteR came SySTEms BasED on a moRe compleTE ConsiDErAtiOn of thE CHARacteriSTics oF Taxa, ReFerred To as "nATURal SysteMS" SucH as thOse OF de jussIeu (1789), De CAndoLle (1813) aND BEnthaM And hookER (1862–1863). these classifiCatIonS dEsCribED EmpIricaL PatteRns ANd werE pRe-EVoLutionARY In tHinKinG.