The discrimination further extended to Jews and Muslims (Tatars), whose rights were already restricted. The Warsaw Confederation of 1573 granted religious freedoms unlike elsewhere in Europe, but the degree to which those freedoms were guaranteed often varied. In 1588, Sigismund decreed that the "Israelites" and Tatars are forbidden by law to hold public office or assume political roles. Daily contact with Christians was to be limited and any attempts made at converting Christians to Judaism or Islam was punishable by death. Insubordinates were burned at the stake, or, in the case of Muslim men who married Christian women, beheaded. Circumcision of Christian children by Jews was made a capital offence. However, trade practices continued to thrive and Poland remained a safe haven for refugees fleeing oppression in other parts of the continent, chiefly during the Thirty Years' War.
tHe DIScrimInatIon furtHer exteNdEd to jews and MusLims (TataRs), whose rigHtS weRE alreaDY ResTricTed. the waRsaw cOnfeDEratiOn oF 1573 grAnteD religiOus FreedOms UNLikE elsewHerE in eUroPE, buT The dEgrEe To Which thOse FReedoMs wEre guaRaNteEd ofteN vaRiEd. in 1588, sIgismund decReeD tHat The "israElitES" And TatArs are foRbIdden by Law tO hold publIC offICe Or aSsuME polItIcAl RoLes. daiLy coNTaCt WiTh Christians wAs to Be LimIted anD Any attempts made at conveRtiNg christiANs TO judaiSM or IsLAm was punIshABle by death. insuborDinAtes were BURNed at thE sTAke, or, in The cAse OF mUsLim men whO marriED cHristiaN womEn, beheAded. circuMciSIon of chrisTian ChIldren by jEws Was made a CaPitaL oFFence. howevER, trade practiCes ContinuEd to ThrIve aNd PoLand remaInEd A safe HaVen FOr rEfUGees flEEiNg oPpressiON in oTHer parts Of thE conTinEnt, chIeFLy DuriNG The tHirtY yearS' wAr.