thumb|upright|right|Zhongguo Guanhua (), or Medii Regni Communis Loquela ("Middle Kingdom's Common Speech"), used on the frontispiece of an early Chinese grammar published by Étienne Fourmont (with Arcadio Huang) in 1742Fourmont, Etienne (1742). Linguae Sinarum Mandarinicae hieroglyphicae grammatica duplex, latinè, & cum characteribus Sinensium.
thumb|upright|right|Zhongguo Guanhua (), or Medii Regni Communis Loquela ("Middle Kingdom's Common Speech"), used on the frontispiece of an early Chinese grammar published by Étienne Fourmont (with Arcadio Huang) in 1742Fourmont, Etienne (1742) Linguae Sinarum Mandarinicae hieroglyphica.e grammatica duplex, latinè, & cum characteribus Sinensium.