The quantum Hall effect (or integer quantum Hall effect) is a quantized version of the Hall effect which is observed in two-dimensional electron systems subjected to low temperatures and strong magnetic fields, in which the Hall resistance exhibits steps that take on the quantized values where is the Hall voltage, is the channel current, is the elementary charge and is the Planck constant. The divisor can take on either integer () or fractional () values. Here, is roughly but not exactly equal to the filling factor of Landau levels. The quantum Hall effect is referred to as the integer or fractional quantum Hall effect depending on whether is an integer or fraction, respectively.
the quantum hall effect (or integer quantum hall effect) is a quantized version of the hall effect which is observed in two-dimensional electron systems subjected to low temperatures and strong magnetic fields in which the hall resistance exhibits steps that take on the quantized values where is the hall voltage is the channel current is the elementary charge and is the planck constant the divisor can take on either integer () or fractional () values here is roughly but not exactly equal to the filling factor of landau levels the quantum hall effect is referred to as the integer or fractional quantum hall effect depending on whether is an integer or fraction respectively