Kardashev believes that it is very likely that a supercivilization has already detected and observed humanity through cosmic-sized telescopes. He discusses this in a 1997 article on the subject, entitled Radioastron – a Radio Telescope Much Greater than the Earth. For this supercivilization, the science of "cosmic ethnography" must be highly developed. However, the fact that no contact has been made so far could be explained by ethical considerations of these civilizations. Based on this principle, Kardashev sees only two possible evolutionary scenarios for a supercivilization: natural evolution and evolution after contact with other extraterrestrial civilizations. He considers more likely the scenario based on contact between two civilizations highly developed technologically and culturally advanced civilizations; this scenario, which he calls the "Urbanization Hypothesis", would result in the regrouping and unification of several civilizations within a few compact regions of the Universe.
Kardashev believes that it is very likely that a supercivilization has already detected and observed humanity through cosmic-sized telescopes He discusses this in a 1997 article on the subject entitled Radioastron – a Radio Telescope Much Greater than the Earth For this supercivilization the science of "cosmic ethnography" must be highly developed However the fact that no contact has been made so far could be explained by ethical considerations of these civilizations Based on this principle Kardashev sees only two possible evolutionary scenarios for a supercivilization natural evolution and evolution after contact with other extraterrestrial civilizations He considers more likely the scenario based on contact between two civilizations highly developed technologically and culturally advanced civilizations; this scenario which he calls the "Urbanization Hypothesis" would result in the regrouping and unification of several civilizations within a few compact regions of the Universe