The five books of the elegiac Tristia, a series of poems expressing the poet's despair in exile and advocating his return to Rome, are dated to AD 9–12. The Ibis, an elegiac curse poem attacking an unnamed adversary, may also be dated to this period. The Epistulae ex Ponto, a series of letters to friends in Rome asking them to effect his return, are thought to be his last compositions, with the first three books published in AD 13 and the fourth book between AD 14 and 16. The exile poetry is particularly emotive and personal. In the Epistulae he claims friendship with the natives of Tomis (in the Tristia they are frightening barbarians) and to have written a poem in their language (Ex Ponto, 4.13.19–20).
The five books of the elegiac Tristia a series of poems expressing the poet's despair in exile and advocating his return to Rome are dated to AD 9–12 The Ibis an elegiac curse poem attacking an unnamed adversary may also be dated to this period The Epistulae ex Ponto a series of letters to friends in Rome asking them to effect his return are thought to be his last compositions with the first three books published in AD 13 and the fourth book between AD 14 and 16 The exile poetry is particularly emotive and personal In the Epistulae he claims friendship with the natives of Tomis (in the Tristia they are frightening barbarians) and to have written a poem in their language (Ex Ponto 41319–20)