Crohn's disease is influenced by genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. Smoking is a major modifiable risk factor, especially in Western countries, where it doubles the likelihood of developing the disease. Dietary shifts from high-fiber to processed foods may reduce microbiota diversity and increase risk, while high-fiber diets can offer some protection. Genetic predisposition plays a significant role, with first-degree relatives facing a five-fold increased risk, particularly due to mutations in genes like NOD2 that affect immune response. The condition results from a dysregulated immune response to gut bacteria and increased intestinal permeability, alongside changes in the gut microbiome.
Crohn's disease is influenced by genetic, environmental, and immunological factors Smoking is a major modifiable risk factor, especially in Western countries, where it doubles the likelihood of developing the disease. Dietary shifts from high-fiber to processed foods may reduce microbiota diversity and increase risk, while high-fiber diets can offer some protection. Genetic predisposition plays a significant role, with first-degree relatives facing a five-fold increased risk, particularly due to mutations in genes like NOD2 that affect immune response. The condition results from a dysregulated immune response to gut bacteria and increased intestinal permeability, alongside changes in the gut microbiome.