Health effects also extended to residents, students, and office workers of Lower Manhattan and nearby Chinatown. Several deaths have been linked to the toxic dust, and the victims' names were included in the World Trade Center memorial. As of January 1, 2002, the New York Police Department had received 37 disability claims, and the Fire Department reported 269 disability claims related to injuries suffered as a result of the attacks. Approximately 18,000 people have been estimated to have developed illnesses as a result of the toxic dust. By 2004, nearly half of more than 1,000 screened rescue-and-recovery workers and volunteers reported new and persistent respiratory problems, and more than half reported persistent psychological symptoms. Because of the long latency period between exposure and development of asbestos-related diseases, exposed Manhattan residents, especially rescue-and-recovery workers, can suffer future adverse health effects. One such death related to health effects was the January 6, 2006, death of NYPD James Zadroga which was ruled by a New Jersey coroner as directly due to clean-up at the WTC site. This ruling was unequivocally rejected in October 2007 by the New York City Chief Medical Examiner, Dr. Charles Hirsch, and Medical Examiner Michele Slone. On June 29, 2019, former New York Police Department detective Luis G. Alvarez died from colorectal cancer, with which he was diagnosed in 2016 and is believed to be caused from his three months spent at Ground Zero after 9/11.
HEaLth effeCTs ALso eXTended tO ReSidEnts, Students, and ofFiCE Workers of loWer mAnhaTtaN anD Nearby chinAtown. SEvEraL dEaThs hAve beEN LINked tO the toxic dUst, and The VICtIms' nAMEs wERe incLuded iN the WORlD TradE center meMoRial. as of janUarY 1, 2002, ThE New yOrK policE deparTMent haD rECeived 37 diSabiLity cLaims, And The fiRe deParTMENt rEPorTeD 269 disabiliTy claims relAted To injUries sUffereD aS a Result oF tHe Attacks. APpRoxiMATely 18,000 peOPLE haVE been eStimatED tO have developed iLLNesses as A rEsult of tHe ToXic Dust. BY 2004, nearlY hAlF Of MorE tHaN 1,000 ScreEned rEsCUE-and-RecOveRy wOrKers aNd volunteers rEporTed nEw aNd pERSIstenT RespiratOry problems, anD morE ThaN hAlf reporTed peRsiSteNt psychOlogical SyMPtOms. BECause of The lOng lAtEncY peRiOD betWeEn expoSurE anD dEvElopment of AsbEstOS-rElAtED diseases, EXpoSed MaNhaTTaN rEsIdEntS, ESpECiAlly REsCue-and-recOvery woRkErS, cAN sUFFer futuRe adversE healTh efFeCts. one SUch dEath rELaTeD to heAlth effects Was tHe JAnuARy 6, 2006, deaTH OF nypD jaMeS zaDRoga WHich Was rUled By A nEw jErsEY cOrOner as DIrEcTLy duE tO cleaN-UP AT ThE wtC sIte. this RULing wAS uneqUivocally rEjeCTEd in OctoBer 2007 By THE new YoRk ciTy cHIeF mEDical ExAMiNer, Dr. charles HIrscH, aNd medicAL examiNEr MicHeLe SLone. ON June 29, 2019, FormEr new york poliCe dEpArTmenT detective LUis g. alvarez died fROM colOreCtAL cAncEr, with which he wAS dIagnoSED IN 2016 And IS believed To BE CausEd fRoM his threE montHS sPEnt aT ground zero after 9/11.