For MIMO systems, pole placement can be performed mathematically using a state space representation of the open-loop system and calculating a feedback matrix assigning poles in the desired positions. In complicated systems this can require computer-assisted calculation capabilities, and cannot always ensure robustness. Furthermore, all system states are not in general measured and so observers must be included and incorporated in pole placement design.
for mimo sYstems, pole PlaCemenT can Be peRForMed matheMaTicAlly using a sTAte space reprEsentatiOn OF tHe open-looP sYstem and CaLcULatIng a fEedback mATrIx assigNIng pOlES In the deSIrED PosItIOnS. in COmplICaTed Systems thiS can rEquiRE cOmPuTEr-assisted cALcuLAtion capabilities, and cAnNOt aLwaYs ensUrE rObuStNess. FUrtHERmorE, alL systEm statEs are not in GenERAl meaSUred aNd so obsERVErS MUSt Be INcLuDEd and iNcorPorATEd in PoLE plaCEMent Design.