Cardinals thumb|upright=1.33|Boniface receiving some medical writings from Galvano da Levanto in the presence of his cardinals. Miniature from the actual presentation copy. In 1297, Cardinal Jacopo Colonna disinherited his brothers Ottone, Matteo, and Landolfo of their lands. The latter three appealed to Pope Boniface VIII, who ordered Jacopo to return the land and furthermore to hand over the family's strongholds of Colonna, Palestrina, and other towns to the Papacy. Jacopo refused. Jacopo Colonna and his nephew, Pietro Colonna, had also seriously compromised themselves by maintaining highly questionable relations with the political enemies of the pope, James II of Aragon and Frederick III of Sicily. In May, Boniface removed them from the College of Cardinals and excommunicated them and their followers.
cardinals thumb|upright=133|boniface receiving some medical writings from galvano da levanto in the presence of his cardinals miniature from the actual presentation copy in 1297 cardinal jacopo colonna disinherited his brothers ottone matteo and landolfo of their lands the latter three appealed to pope boniface viii who ordered jacopo to return the land and furthermore to hand over the family's strongholds of colonna palestrina and other towns to the papacy jacopo refused jacopo colonna and his nephew pietro colonna had also seriously compromised themselves by maintaining highly questionable relations with the political enemies of the pope james ii of aragon and frederick iii of sicily in may boniface removed them from the college of cardinals and excommunicated them and their followers