1090–1100 upright|thumb|Siege of Jerusalem (1099) 1091: Normans from the Duchy of Normandy take control of Malta and surrounding islands. 1091: the Byzantine Empire under Alexios I Komnenos and his Cuman allies defeat Pechenegs at the Battle of Levounion 1093: Vikramaditya VI, ruler of the Western Chalukya Empire, defeats the army of Kulothunga Chola I in the Battle of Vengi. 1093: when the Chinese Empress Dowager Gao dies, the conservative faction that had followed Sima Guang is ousted from court, the liberal reforms of Wang Anshi reinstated, and Emperor Zhezong of Song halted all negotiations with the Tanguts of the Western Xia, resuming in armed conflict with them. 1093: the Kypchaks defeat princes of Kievan Rus at the Battle of the Stugna River 1093: Battle of Alnwick: Malcolm III of Scotland is killed by the forces of William II of England. 1094: the astronomical clock tower of Kaifeng, China—engineered by the official Su Song—is completed. 1094: El Cid, the great Spanish hero, conquers the Muslim city of Valencia 1094: a succession crisis following the reign of the Fatimid Caliph Ma'ad al-Mustansir Billah sparks a rebellion which leads to the split of Ismaili Shia into the new Nizari religious branch. 1095: Pope Urban II calls upon Western Europeans to take up the cross and reclaim the Holy Lands, officially commencing the First Crusade. –1099: earliest extant manuscript of the Song of Roland 1096: University of Oxford in England holds its first lectures 1097: the Siege of Nicaea during the First Crusade 1097: Diego Rodriguez, a son of El Cid, dies in the Battle of Consuegra, an Almoravid victory 1098: the Siege of Antioch during the First Crusade 1098: Pope Urban II makes an appearance at the Siege of Capua 1098: the Dongpo Academy of Hainan, China is built in honor of the Song dynasty Chinese official and poet Su Shi, who was exiled there for criticizing reforms of the New Policies Group. 1098: the birth of Hildegard of Bingen, Doctor of the Church, abbess, monastic leader, mystic, prophetess, medical, German composer and writer, polymath. 1099: the Siege of Jerusalem by European Crusaders. 1099: after the Kingdom of Jerusalem is established, the Al-Aqsa Mosque is made into the residential palace for the kings of Jerusalem. 1099: death of the great Spanish hero Rodrigo Díaz "El Cid Campeador". 1099: after building considerable strength, David IV of Georgia discontinues tribute payments to the Seljuk Turks. 1100: On August 5, Henry I is crowned King of England. 1100: On December 25, Baldwin of Boulogne is crowned as the first King of Jerusalem in the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem.
1090–1100 upright|thumb|Siege of Jerusalem (1099) 1091: Normans from the Duchy of Normandy take control of Malta and surrounding islands. 1091: the Byzantine Empire under Alexios I Komnenos and his Cuman allies defeat Pechenegs at the Battle of Levounion 1093: Vikramaditya VI, ruler of the Western Chalukya Empire, defeats the army of Kulothunga Chola I in the Battle of Vengi. 1093: when the Chinese Empress Dowager Gao dies, the conservative faction that had followed Sima Guang is ousted from court, the liberal reforms of Wang Anshi reinstated, and Emperor Zhezong of Song halted all negotiations with the Tanguts of the Western Xia, resuming in armed conflict with them 1093: the Kypchaks defeat princes of Kievan Rus at the Battle of the Stugna River 1093: Battle of Alnwick: Malcolm III of Scotland is killed by the forces of William II of England. 1094: the astronomical clock tower of Kaifeng, China—engineered by the official Su Song—is completed. 1094: El Cid, the great Spanish hero, conquers the Muslim city of Valencia 1094: a succession crisis following the reign of the Fatimid Caliph Ma'ad al-Mustansir Billah sparks a rebellion which leads to the split of Ismaili Shia into the new Nizari religious branch. 1095: Pope Urban II calls upon Western Europeans to take up the cross and reclaim the Holy Lands, officially commencing the First Crusade. –1099: earliest extant manuscript of the Song of Roland 1096: University of Oxford in England holds its first lectures 1097: the Siege of Nicaea during the First Crusade 1097: Diego Rodriguez, a son of El Cid, dies in the Battle of Consuegra, an Almoravid victory 1098: the Siege of Antioch during the First Crusade 1098: Pope Urban II makes an app.earance at the Siege of Capua 1098: the Dongpo Academy of Hainan, China is built in honor of the Song dynasty Chinese official and poet Su Shi, who was exiled there for criticizing reforms of the New Policies Group. 1098: the birth of Hildegard of Bingen, Doctor of the Church, abbess, monastic leader, mystic, prophetess, medical, German composer and writer, polymath. 1099: the Siege of Jerusalem by European Crusaders. 1099: after the Kingdom of Jerusalem is established, the Al-Aqsa Mosque is made into the residential palace for the kings of Jerusalem. 1099: death of the great Spanish hero Rodrigo Díaz "El Cid Campeador". 1099: after building considerable strength, David IV of Georgia discontinues tribute payments to the Seljuk Turks. 1100: On August 5, Henry I is crowned King of England. 1100: On December 25, Baldwin of Boulogne is crowned as the first King of Jerusalem in the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem.