right|thumb|US Military Police officer restraining and sedating prisoner while a soldier holds him down Corruption in Sub-Saharan Africa consists primarily of extracting economic rent and moving the resulting financial capital overseas instead of investing at home. Authors Leonce Ndikumana and James K. Boyce estimate that from 1970 to 2008, capital flight from 33 sub-Saharan countries totalled $700 billion. A corrupt dictatorship typically results in many years of general hardship and suffering for the vast majority of citizens as civil society and the rule of law disintegrate. In addition, corrupt dictators routinely ignore economic and social problems in their quest to amass ever more wealth and power. The classic case of a corrupt, exploitive dictator often given is the regime of Marshal Mobutu Sese Seko, who ruled the Democratic Republic of the Congo (which he renamed Zaire) from 1965 to 1997. It is said that usage of the term kleptocracy gained popularity largely in response to a need to accurately describe Mobutu's regime. Another classic case is Nigeria, especially under the rule of General Sani Abacha who was de facto president of Nigeria from 1993 until his death in 1998. He is reputed to have stolen some US$3 billion–4 billion. He and his relatives are often mentioned in Nigerian 419 letter scams claiming to offer vast fortunes for "help" in laundering his stolen "fortunes", which in reality turn out not to exist.Who wants to be a millionaire? – An online collection of Nigerian scam mails More than $400 billion was stolen from the treasury by Nigeria's leaders between 1960 and 1999.
right|thumb|us military police officer restraining and sedating prisoner while a soldier holds him down corruption in sub-saharan africa consists primarily of extracting economic rent and moving the resulting financial capital overseas instead of investing at home authors leonce ndikumana and james k boyce estimate that from 1970 to 2008 capital flight from 33 sub-saharan countries totalled $700 billion a corrupt dictatorship typically results in many years of general hardship and suffering for the vast majority of citizens as civil society and the rule of law disintegrate in addition corrupt dictators routinely ignore economic and social problems in their quest to amass ever more wealth and power the classic case of a corrupt exploitive dictator often given is the regime of marshal mobutu sese seko who ruled the democratic republic of the congo (which he renamed zaire) from 1965 to 1997 it is said that usage of the term kleptocracy gained popularity largely in response to a need to accurately describe mobutu's regime another classic case is nigeria especially under the rule of general sani abacha who was de facto president of nigeria from 1993 until his death in 1998 he is reputed to have stolen some us$3 billion–4 billion he and his relatives are often mentioned in nigerian 419 letter scams claiming to offer vast fortunes for "help" in laundering his stolen "fortunes" which in reality turn out not to existwho wants to be a millionaire – an online collection of nigerian scam mails more than $400 billion was stolen from the treasury by nigeria's leaders between 1960 and 1999