Ghettos in the United States Early ghettos thumb|Children in the Ghetto and the Ice-Cream Man — postcard from 1909 in Maxwell Street, Chicago thumb|right|A scene of Maxwell Street in Chicago circa 1908. The title reads "THE GHETTO OF CHICAGO". The image has been colorized and is taken from a souvenir guide to Chicago printed in 1908. Note the signage in Yiddish that reads 'Fish Market'. The development of ghettos in the United States is closely associated with different waves of immigration and internal urban migration. The Irish and German immigrants of the mid-19th century were the first ethnic groups to form ethnic enclaves in United States cities. This was followed by large numbers of immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe, including many Italians and Poles and Russians between 1880 and 1920. Jewish immigrants were part of the earliest German wave, as well as comprising numerous immigrants from Eastern Europe, the Russian Empire at the time.Glaeser, Ed. 1997. "Ghettos: The Changing Consequences of Ethnic Isolation ." Regional Review 7(Spring). Boston, MA: Federal Reserve Bank of Boston. Most remained in their established immigrant communities, but by the second or third generation, many families were able to relocate to newer housing built in the suburbs after World War II.
Ghettos in the United States Early ghettos thumb|Children in the Ghetto and the Ice-Cream Man — postcard from 1909 in Maxwell Street, Chicago thumb|right|A scene of Maxwell Street in Chicago circa 1908. The title reads "THE GHETTO OF CHICAGO". The image has been colorized and is taken from a souvenir guide to Chicago printed in 1908. Note the signage in Yiddish that reads 'Fish Market' The development of ghettos in the United States is closely associated with different waves of immigration and internal urban migration. The Irish and German immigrants of the mid-19th century were the first ethnic groups to form ethnic enclaves in United States cities. This was followed by large numbers of immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe, including many Italians and Poles and Russians between 1880 and 1920. Jewish immigrants were part of the earliest German wave, as well as comprising numerous immigrants from Eastern Europe, the Russian Empire at the time.Glaeser Ed. 1997. "Ghettos: The Changing Consequences of Ethnic Isolation ." Regional Review 7(Spring). Boston, MA: Federal Reserve Bank of Boston. Most remained in their established immigrant communities, but by the second or third generation, many families were able to relocate to newer housing built in the suburbs after World War II.