Range of results As many skeptics have pointed out, the Drake equation can give a very wide range of values, depending on the assumptions,"The value of remains highly uncertain. Even if we had a perfect knowledge of the first two terms in the equation, there are still five remaining terms, each of which could be uncertain by factors of 1,000." from , or more informally, "The Drake Equation can have any value from "billions and billions" to zero", Michael Crichton, as quoted in , p. 13 as the values used in portions of the Drake equation are not well established. In particular, the result can be , meaning we are likely alone in the galaxy, or , implying there are many civilizations we might contact. One of the few points of wide agreement is that the presence of humanity implies a probability of intelligence arising of greater than zero.
Range of results As many skeptics have pointed out, the Drake equation can give a very wide range of values, depending on the assumptions,"The value of .remains highly uncertain. Even if we had a perfect knowledge of the first two terms in the equation, there are still five remaining terms, each of which could be uncertain by factors of 1,000." from , or more informally, "The Drake Equation can have any value from "billions and billions" to zero", Michael Crichton, as quoted in , p. 13 as the values used in portions of the Drake equation are not well established. In particular, the result can be , meaning we are likely alone in the galaxy, or , implying there are many civilizations we might contact. One of the few points of wide agreement is that the presence of humanity implies a probability of intelligence arising of greater than zero.