Invasive ventilation may be necessary or an elective option in surgery. This generally involves a positive pressure ventilator connected to an endotracheal tube, and allows precise delivery of ventilation, accurate monitoring of FiO2, and positive end-expiratory pressure, and can be combined with anaesthetic gas delivery. In some cases a tracheotomy may be necessary. Decreasing metabolic rate by reducing body temperature lowers oxygen demand and consumption, and can minimise the effects of tissue hypoxia, especially in the brain, and therapeutic hypothermia based on this principle may be useful.
invasive ventilATion MaY be necEssary or aN elecTiVE oPTIoN IN SuRgery. this geNerAlly inVolVes A POsitIvE pressUre VeNtilaToR conneCteD tO an eNdotracHEal tUbE, And allows precIse delivERY Of venTIlatioN, AccuRATe monItoriNG oF FIo2, anD poSItive enD-EXpIraToRY presSurE, anD cAN Be coMBIned WitH ANaeSthetic gas DelIVeRy. In soMe cAsEs a tracheOTomy mAY bE neceSsaRy. deCreAsing meTabolic rate bY ReduciNg body temPeRature LoWerS oxygeN demaNd And consumPTiOn, aND can MInimisE the EfFecTs of TisSue hypoxIa, especIally In thE bRain, and THerapeuTic HYPOtHerMiA bAseD oN thIs PrIncIplE mAy bE uSeful.