Film as an artistic medium was created in the 20th century. The first modern movie theatre was established in Pittsburgh in 1905. Hollywood developed as the center of American film production. While the first films were in black and white, technicolor was developed in the 1920s to allow for color films. Sound films were developed, with the first full-length feature film, The Jazz Singer, released in 1927. The Academy Awards were established in 1929. Animation was also developed in the 1920s, with the first full-length cel animated feature film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, released in 1937. Computer-generated imagery was developed in the 1980s, with the first full-length CGI-animated film Toy Story released in 1995. Julie Andrews, Harry Belafonte, Humphrey Bogart, Marlon Brando, James Cagney, Charlie Chaplin, Sean Connery, Tom Cruise, James Dean, Robert De Niro, Harrison Ford, Clark Gable, Cary Grant, Audrey Hepburn, Katharine Hepburn, Bruce Lee, Marilyn Monroe, Paul Newman, Jack Nicholson, Al Pacino, Sidney Poitier, Meryl Streep, Elizabeth Taylor, James Stewart, Jane Fonda and John Wayne are among the most popular Hollywood stars of the 20th century. Madhubala, Jean-Paul Belmondo, Karel Roden, Sean Connery, Marcello Mastroianni, Salah Zulfikar, Marlene Dietrich, Brigitte Bardot, Omar Sharif, Catherine Deneuve, Alain Delon, Soad Hosny, Fernanda Montenegro, Sophie Marceau, Fatima Rushdi, Amitabh Bachchan, Jean Gabin, Toshiro Mifune, Shoukry Sarhan, Lars Mikkelsen, Sophia Loren, Youssef Wahbi, Claudia Cardinale, Klaus Kinski, Gérard Depardieu, Max von Sydow, Faten Hamama, Rutger Hauer and Toni Servillo are among the most popular movie stars of the 20th century. Sergei Eisenstein, D. W. Griffith, Cecil B. DeMille, Frank Capra, Howard Hawks, John Ford, Orson Welles, Martin Scorsese, John Huston, Alfred Hitchcock, Akira Kurosawa, Spike Lee, Ingmar Bergman, Federico Fellini, Walt Disney, Stanley Kubrick, Steven Spielberg, Sergey Parajanov, Ridley Scott, Woody Allen, Quentin Tarantino, James Cameron, William Friedkin, Ezz El-Dine Zulficar and George Lucas are among the most important and popular filmmakers of the 20th century. In theater, sometimes referred to as Broadway in New York City, playwrights such as Eugene O'Neill, Samuel Beckett, Edward Albee, Arthur Miller and Tennessee Williams introduced innovative language and ideas to the idiom. In musical theater, figures such as Rodgers and Hammerstein, Lerner and Loewe, Mohammed Karim, and Irving Berlin had an enormous impact on both film and the culture in general. Modern dance is born in America as a 'rebellion' against centuries-old European ballet. Dancers and choreographers Alvin Ailey, Isadora Duncan, Vaslav Nijinsky, Ruth St. Denis, Mahmoud Reda, Martha Graham, José Limón, Doris Humphrey, Merce Cunningham, and Paul Taylor re-defined movement, struggling to bring it back to its 'natural' roots and along with Jazz, created a solely American art form. Alvin Ailey is credited with popularizing modern dance and revolutionizing African-American participation in 20th-century concert dance. His company gained the nickname "Cultural Ambassador to the World" because of its extensive international touring. Ailey's choreographic masterpiece Revelations is believed to be the best known and most often seen modern dance performance.
film as an artistic medium was created in the 20th century the first modern movie theatre was established in pittsburgh in 1905 hollywood developed as the center of american film production while the first films were in black and white technicolor was developed in the 1920s to allow for color films sound films were developed with the first full-length feature film the jazz singer released in 1927 the academy awards were established in 1929 animation was also developed in the 1920s with the first full-length cel animated feature film snow white and the seven dwarfs released in 1937 computer-generated imagery was developed in the 1980s with the first full-length cgi-animated film toy story released in 1995 julie andrews harry belafonte humphrey bogart marlon brando james cagney charlie chaplin sean connery tom cruise james dean robert de niro harrison ford clark gable cary grant audrey hepburn katharine hepburn bruce lee marilyn monroe paul newman jack nicholson al pacino sidney poitier meryl streep elizabeth taylor james stewart jane fonda and john wayne are among the most popular hollywood stars of the 20th century madhubala jean-paul belmondo karel roden sean connery marcello mastroianni salah zulfikar marlene dietrich brigitte bardot omar sharif catherine deneuve alain delon soad hosny fernanda montenegro sophie marceau fatima rushdi amitabh bachchan jean gabin toshiro mifune shoukry sarhan lars mikkelsen sophia loren youssef wahbi claudia cardinale klaus kinski gérard depardieu max von sydow faten hamama rutger hauer and toni servillo are among the most popular movie stars of the 20th century sergei eisenstein d w griffith cecil b demille frank capra howard hawks john ford orson welles martin scorsese john huston alfred hitchcock akira kurosawa spike lee ingmar bergman federico fellini walt disney stanley kubrick steven spielberg sergey parajanov ridley scott woody allen quentin tarantino james cameron william friedkin ezz el-dine zulficar and george lucas are among the most important and popular filmmakers of the 20th century in theater sometimes referred to as broadway in new york city playwrights such as eugene o'neill samuel beckett edward albee arthur miller and tennessee williams introduced innovative language and ideas to the idiom in musical theater figures such as rodgers and hammerstein lerner and loewe mohammed karim and irving berlin had an enormous impact on both film and the culture in general modern dance is born in america as a 'rebellion' against centuries-old european ballet dancers and choreographers alvin ailey isadora duncan vaslav nijinsky ruth st denis mahmoud reda martha graham josé limón doris humphrey merce cunningham and paul taylor re-defined movement struggling to bring it back to its 'natural' roots and along with jazz created a solely american art form alvin ailey is credited with popularizing modern dance and revolutionizing african-american participation in 20th-century concert dance his company gained the nickname "cultural ambassador to the world" because of its extensive international touring ailey's choreographic masterpiece revelations is believed to be the best known and most often seen modern dance performance