In the early nineteenth century nearly all of areas of Spanish America attained independence by armed struggle, with the exceptions of Cuba and Puerto Rico. Brazil, which had become a monarchy separate from Portugal, became a republic in the late nineteenth century. Political independence from European monarchies did not result in the abolition of black slavery in the new nations, it resulted in political and economic instability in Spanish America, immediately after independence. Great Britain and the United States exercised significant influence in the post-independence era, resulting in a form of neo-colonialism, where political sovereignty remained in place, but foreign powers exercised considerable power in the economic sphere. Newly independent nations faced domestic and interstate conflicts, struggling with economic instability and social inequality.
In the early nineteenth century nearly all of areas of Spanish America attained independence by armed struggle with the exceptions of Cuba and Puerto Rico Brazil which had become a monarchy separate from Portugal became a republic in the late nineteenth century Political independence from European monarchies did not result in the abolition of black slavery in the new nations it resulted in political and economic instability in Spanish America immediately after independence Great Britain and the United States exercised significant influence in the post-independence era resulting in a form of neo-colonialism where political sovereignty remained in place but foreign powers exercised considerable power in the economic sphere Newly independent nations faced domestic and interstate conflicts struggling with economic instability and social inequality