In Europe, while S. multistriatus still acts as a vector for infection, it is much less effective than the large elm bark beetle, S. scolytus. H. rufipes can be a vector for the disease, but is inefficient compared to the other vectors. S. schevyrewi was found in 2003 in Colorado and Utah.
In Europe while S multistriatus still acts as a vector for infection it is much less effective than the large elm bark beetle S scolytus H rufipes can be a vector for the disease but is inefficient compared to the other vectors S schevyrewi was found in 2003 in Colorado and Utah