On 7 September 1991 the German research vessel Polarstern and the Swedish icebreaker Oden reached the North Pole as the first conventional powered vessels.Fütterer, D. et al. (1992) "The Expedition ARK-VIII/3 of RV Polarstern in 1991", Reports on Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, 107, Both scientific parties and crew took oceanographic and geological samples and had a common tug of war and a football game on an ice floe. Polarstern again reached the pole exactly 10 years later,Thiede, J. et al. (2002) "POLARSTERN ARKTIS XVII/2 Cruise Report: AMORE 2001 (Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge Expedition)", Reports on Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, 421, with the Healy.
On 7 September 1991 the German research vessel Polarstern and the Swedish icebreaker Oden reached the North Pole as the first conventional powered vessels.Fütterer, D. et al. (1992) "The Expedition ARK-VIII/3 of RV Polarstern in 1991", Reports on Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, 107, Both scientific parties and crew took oceanographic and geological samples and had a common tug of war and a football game on an ice floe. Polarstern again reached the pole exactly 10 years later,Thiede, J. et al. (2002) "POLARSTERN ARKTIS XVII/2 Cruise Report: AMORE 2001 (Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge Expedition)", Reports on Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, 421, with the Healy.