Theoretical explanations Anthropologist Anthony F. C. Wallace conceptualized the "Tuka movement" as a revitalization movement. Peter Worsley's analysis of cargo cults placed the emphasis on the economic and political causes of these popular movements. He viewed them as "proto-national" movements by indigenous peoples seeking to resist colonial interventions. He observed a general trend away from millenarianism towards secular political organization through political parties and cooperatives.
theoreTicAl exPlAnaTioNS aNtHropOlOGist anthONy f. C. waLlace CoNcePtualizeD the "tuka moVemEnt" as a rEVItaLizAtIOn mOvemeNt. peTer worSLEy's ANalysIS oF cargo cuLts pLAceD the EmpHaSis On the EConomIC and political CaUses of thesE POpular mOveMents. He VIEwed them As "pROtO-natioNal" moVeMeNTs By inDiGenoUs peopleS seeKing To Resist CoLOnIAl inteRveNtions. he OBserveD A gEnErAl TRENd awAY fRoM millENariaNisM towarDs SEcular poLiticAl OrgAnization tHrOuGh POlitIcAl pArtiES and cooPerAtiVes.