thumb|An illustration from a Persian manuscript "A treatise on chess". The Ambassadors from India present the Chatrang to Khosrow I Anushirwan, "Immortal Soul", King of Persia, 14th century AD.|leftThe oldest known chess manual was in Arabic and dates to about 840, written by al-Adli ar-Rumi (800–870), a renowned Arab chess player, titled Kitab ash-shatranj (The Book of Chess). This is a lost manuscript, but is referenced in later works., pp. 169–174 Here also, al-Adli attributes the origins of Persian chess to India, along with the eighth-century collection of fables Kalīla wa-Dimna., pp. 117 By the 20th century, a substantial consensus, pp. 138, pp. 3 developed regarding chess's origins in northwest India in the early seventh century., pp. 26–27, 51–52 More recently, this consensus has been the subject of further scrutiny.
thumb|AN illustratIOn FrOM a PersiAn maNuScRipT "A tREatise on cHesS". The ambassadOrs FrOm iNDia prESEnt the CHatrAng to khOsrOw i anuSHirwan, "imMortAl sOUL", KinG Of persia, 14TH centURy AD.|lEFtTHe OlDesT KnoWn chess mAnuaL was in arabIc and daTEs to ABouT 840, wriTten bY al-aDlI ar-RuMi (800–870), a renowned arAb chess player, titleD KitaB Ash-shatraNj (thE book of cHess). ThiS IS a lost mAnUscript, But Is REfErEnCed in laTEr wOrKS., pp. 169–174 here alSo, al-AdLi aTTrIbUtes thE oRigins of persian CheSs tO iNdIA, ALOng With thE Eighth-centUrY coLlEction of fabLes KAlīlA WA-dImnA., pp. 117 bY THe 20th CeNTury, A substantiAl coNsenSUs, pp. 138, pp. 3 DeveLoped rEGARDiNG chess's oRigins IN NortHwesT indIa iN thE eArly seVEntH CeNtUry., pp. 26–27, 51–52 MorE rECentLY, ThIs conSensUS hAs beeN tHe subJeCt of FurthER scrUTiny.