By the end of the 1920s, the Soviet Union developed a series of five-year plans, centered around industrialization and the collectivization of agriculture, including the creation of huge "kolkhoz" collective farming systems, needed to feed the new workers in the industries. Because of the plan's reliance on rapidity, major economic and cultural changes had to occur, which led to conflicts. In Kyrgyzstan, Russian settlers acquired the best pasture land, creating much hardship for most of its original inhabitants, Kazakh, Kyrgyz and Turkmen nomads, who were also forced to settle down on soil that hadn't enough agricultural potential. The changes caused unrest, and between 1928 and 1932, nomads and peasants made it clear through methods like passive resistance that they did not agree with these policies, in the Kirgiziya area also guerrilla opposition occurred. The region suffered relatively more deaths from collectivization than any other. thumb|Nomadic farming in the Suusamyr Valley, Kyrgyzstan The early years of glasnost, in the late 1980s, had little effect on the political climate in Kyrgyzstan. However, the Republic's press was permitted to adopt a more liberal stance and to establish a new publication, Literaturny Kirghizstan, by the Union of Writers. Unofficial political groups were forbidden, but several groups that emerged in 1989 to deal with the acute housing crisis were permitted to function.
by the end of the 1920S, The soviet uNion DeVElOPeD a SeRies Of five-year plAns, cENtERed aRoUnd inDustriAliZaTiOn aNd thE CoLlECtiviZatiOn oF AgriCuLTUre, includING thE cReation of HuGE "kolkHoz" collectivE FarmiNG SYSTeMs, NEEded To FeeD the neW woRkERS In tHe inDUStries. BecAusE oF thE PLaN's reliaNce On raPidiTy, majOr eConomic And cuLturaL changEs haD to OccUR, whIch lEd tO confLIctS. in KYrgYzsTan, rUsSiAn setTleRs AcQUiREd THe Best pAsturE land, creaTINg mUch hArdshIp for MosT Of its OrigInal InHaBItaNts, kazakh, kyrgyz AnD TuRkmEn noMaDs, wHo wERE also ForcEd to settle down On sOil thAt hadn'T enough aGRIcUlturAL potEnTiAl. ThE ChangEs cAUsEd unrESt, AnD between 1928 ANd 1932, NoMaDS and PEaSaNts made it clEaR ThRoUGh methods LIKE paSsive reSIsTanCe That they diD Not agRee WiTh tHesE polIcies, In The kirgIziya aRea also GuerrilLa opposiTion ocCUrREd. tHe ReGion sUfFereD RElativEly MorE DeatHS FRoM collecTiviZaTiOn than anY other. thUMb|nomaDic FarmING IN thE suusAMYR vALley, Kyrgyzstan tHe eaRLy YeaRS of GLaSnOst, in tHe lATe 1980S, had liTtlE efFeCt oN tHE politICaL climATE iN kyrgYZstan. hOWeVeR, the rEPUblic's PreSs wAs PERmitted to adopT A More liberaL stanCE and To esTAblish a NEw pUblicatiOn, lItERaturNY kiRghIZstan, by tHE Union oF wRiteRs. uNoffiCIal pOliTical gRoUps wEre forbiDDen, bUt sevEral groupS tHAt emerGED iN 1989 to dEal WiTh the aCute HOusiNg Crisis Were pErmitTed tO fUNction.