Rosendale is underlain by a shale member of the Martinburg Formation called Martinburg shale, deposited as early as 500 million years ago; Martinburg shale also lines the bottom of the Rondout Creek as it flows through the town. A conglomerate of the Shawangunk Formation was deposited over the Martinburg layer approximately 425 million years ago. The conglomerate is in turn covered by High Falls Shale, a reddish shale formed by mud flats. Subsequent streams left a layer of gray Binnewater Sandstone above the shale. After the sandstone was deposited, the region experienced folding and faulting, and was submerged in a shallow sea. This allowed the creation of fossiliferous limestone roughly 390 million years ago, specifically the Rondout Formation and New Scotland Formation. The Rondout Formation's dolomite member, formed during the upper Silurian, was mined throughout the village because of its ability to form natural cement. The region experienced repeated glaciation, and large amounts of till and alluvium were deposited during the Wisconsonian glaciation.
rosendale is underlain by a shale member of the martinburg formation called martinburg shale deposited as early as 500 million years ago; martinburg shale also lines the bottom of the rondout creek as it flows through the town a conglomerate of the shawangunk formation was deposited over the martinburg layer approximately 425 million years ago the conglomerate is in turn covered by high falls shale a reddish shale formed by mud flats subsequent streams left a layer of gray binnewater sandstone above the shale after the sandstone was deposited the region experienced folding and faulting and was submerged in a shallow sea this allowed the creation of fossiliferous limestone roughly 390 million years ago specifically the rondout formation and new scotland formation the rondout formation's dolomite member formed during the upper silurian was mined throughout the village because of its ability to form natural cement the region experienced repeated glaciation and large amounts of till and alluvium were deposited during the wisconsonian glaciation