The 13th century medieval commentator Nachmanides, for example, rejected the female contribution. In Tractate Hullin in the Talmud, whether the organs of the child resemble more closely those of the mother or father is said to depend on which one contribute more matter to the embryo depending on the child. Rabbi Ishmael and other sages are said to have disagreed on one matter: they agreed that the male embryo developed on the 41st day, but disagreed on whether this was the case for the female embryo. Some believed that the female embryo was complete later, whereas others held that they were finished at the same time. The only ancient Jewish authors who associated abortion with homicide were Josephus and Philo of Alexandria in the 1st century. In the Talmud, a child is granted humanness at birth, while other rabbinical texts place it at the 13th postnatal day.
ThE 13th centuRY medIeVal coMmenTaTOR nACHmanides, for eXaMPlE, RejECted tHE femaLE CONTribUtiOn. iN tracTate hullin in the TaLmuD, whether tHe OrGaNs Of the ChiLd rEsemble MORe closeLY thosE of the mOther oR fAThER is Said to dEpEnd on whicH one contRiBUTe more mATter to tHE embryo DepEnDiNg on the chiLD. RaBBi iShmaEl AND other SAgEs aRe sAId to Have DiSagrEed on ONe matter: They Agreed ThAt tHe malE Embryo deVeLOped on tHe 41st Day, But disAgrEED on WHeTHer this was the casE foR the femAle embryO. some bElieVed thAt tHe fEMalE emBryo wAs CoMPLete LateR, wheReas OtHers heLd ThaT tHEY wERe FinisHed at tHe saME timE. THe onlY Ancient jewish AutHors whO AssociateD aBortion with HoMIcIde were josePhuS aNd PHilo Of aleXaNdriA in ThE 1st cEnturY. in tHe TalMud, a ChIld is GRaNTEd HUmANnESS At BiRTh, WhilE otheR RaBbINicAL TExts place it AT THe 13Th PostnATal dAy.