+ Early local rulers in Parthia (c. 250–142 BC)PortraitNameReignSuccession65pxArsaces Ic. 250/247–217 BC(30–33 years)Conquered Parthia from the Seleucid satrap Andragoras65pxArsaces IIc. 217–191 BC(26 years)Son of Arsaces I65pxPriapatiusc. 191–176 BC(15 years)Grandson of a brother of Arsaces I65pxPhraates Ic. 176–171 BC(5 years)Son of Priapatius65pxMithridates Ic. 171–142 BC(29 years)Son of Priapatius PortraitNameReignSuccession65pxMithridates Ithe Greatc. 142–132 BC(c. 10 years)Established Parthia as an empire. Conquered the Iranian plateau in the 160s BC, followed by conquests of Babylonia (142 BC), Media (141 BC), and Persis (139 BC).65pxPhraates IIc. 132–127 BC(5 years)Son of Mithridates I65pxArtabanus Ic. 127–124/123 BC(3–4 years)Son of Priapatius (and brother of Mithridates I)65pxMithridates IIthe Greatc. 123–91 BC(c. 32 years)Son of Artabanus I65pxGotarzes I91–87(?) BC(c. 4 years)Son of Priapatius (and brother of Mithridates I and Artabanus I)65pxOrodes I87–79(?) BC(c. 8 years)Son of Gotarzes I or Mithridates II (?)65pxSinatrucesc. 78–70 BC(c. 8 years)Son of Mithridates I, previously a rival claimant c. 91–88 BC65pxPhraates III70–57 BC(13 years)Son of Sinatruces65pxMithridates III57–54 BC(3 years)Son of Phraates III. Co-ruler with his brother Orodes II until killed in 54 BC.65pxOrodes II57–37 BC(20 years)Son of Phraates III65pxPhraates IV37–32(?) BC (1st reign)(5 years?)Son of Orodes II65pxTiridates32–31(?) BC (1st reign)(1 year?)Part of the Arsacid dynasty but of unclear lineage65pxPhraates IV31–28(?) BC (2nd reign)(3 years?)Retook the throne65pxTiridates28–26(?) BC (2nd reign)(2 years?)Retook the throne65pxPhraates IV26(?)–2 BC (3rd reign)(24 years?)Retook the throne65pxPhraates V2 BC – AD 4(?)(6 years?)Son of Phraates IV, co-ruler with Musa65pxMusa2 BC – AD 4(?)(6 years?)Widow of Phraates IV, co-ruler with Phraates V. First of only four women to rule in Iranian history.65pxOrodes III4(?)–6/7(2/3 years?)Part of the Arsacid dynasty but of unclear lineage65pxVonones I6/7–11/12(4–6 years)Son of Phraates IV, nominated as king by the Roman Empire65pxArtabanus II11/12–38(26/27 years)Cousin of Vonones65pxGotarzes II38–51(13 years)Son of Artabanus (?)65pxVardanes39–45/46(6/7 years)Son of Artabanus (?). Rival and later co-ruler of the empire with Gotarzes.65pxVonones II51(briefly)Part of the Arsacid dynasty but of unclear lineage65pxVologases I51–78(27 years)Son of Vardanes65pxPacorus78–79 (1st reign)(1 year)Son of Vologases I65pxArtabanus III79–81(2 years)Son or brother of Vologases I65pxPacorus81–115 (2nd reign)(34 years)Retook the throne65pxVologases II115–116(1 year)Son of Pacorus65pxParthamaspates116–117(1 year)Grandson of Pacorus, installed as king by the Roman Empire65pxOsroes117–128(11 years)Son of Pacorus and father of Parthamaspates65pxMithridates IV128–148(20 years)Part of the Arsacid dynasty but of unclear lineage65pxVologases III148–191(43 years)Son of Mithridates IV65pxVologases IV191–207(16 years)Son of Vologases III65pxVologases V207–213(6 years)Son of Vologases IV. Possibly still in control of some parts of the empire by 228.65pxArtabanus IV213–224(11 years)Son of Vologases IV. Fought with Vologases V over control of the empire.
+ Early local rulers in Parthia (c 250–142 BC)PortraitNameReignSuccession65pxArsaces Ic 250/247–217 BC(30–33 years)Conquered Parthia from the Seleucid satrap Andragoras65pxArsaces IIc 217–191 BC(26 years)Son of Arsaces I65pxPriapatiusc 191–176 BC(15 years)Grandson of a brother of Arsaces I65pxPhraates Ic 176–171 BC(5 years)Son of Priapatius65pxMithridates Ic 171–142 BC(29 years)Son of Priapatius PortraitNameReignSuccession65pxMithridates Ithe Greatc 142–132 BC(c 10 years)Established Parthia as an empire Conquered the Iranian plateau in the 160s BC followed by conquests of Babylonia (142 BC) Media (141 BC) and Persis (139 BC)65pxPhraates IIc 132–127 BC(5 years)Son of Mithridates I65pxArtabanus Ic 127–124/123 BC(3–4 years)Son of Priapatius (and brother of Mithridates I)65pxMithridates IIthe Greatc 123–91 BC(c 32 years)Son of Artabanus I65pxGotarzes I91–87() BC(c 4 years)Son of Priapatius (and brother of Mithridates I and Artabanus I)65pxOrodes I87–79() BC(c 8 years)Son of Gotarzes I or Mithridates II ()65pxSinatrucesc 78–70 BC(c 8 years)Son of Mithridates I previously a rival claimant c 91–88 BC65pxPhraates III70–57 BC(13 years)Son of Sinatruces65pxMithridates III57–54 BC(3 years)Son of Phraates III Co-ruler with his brother Orodes II until killed in 54 BC65pxOrodes II57–37 BC(20 years)Son of Phraates III65pxPhraates IV37–32() BC (1st reign)(5 years)Son of Orodes II65pxTiridates32–31() BC (1st reign)(1 year)Part of the Arsacid dynasty but of unclear lineage65pxPhraates IV31–28() BC (2nd reign)(3 years)Retook the throne65pxTiridates28–26() BC (2nd reign)(2 years)Retook the throne65pxPhraates IV26()–2 BC (3rd reign)(24 years)Retook the throne65pxPhraates V2 BC – AD 4()(6 years)Son of Phraates IV co-ruler with Musa65pxMusa2 BC – AD 4()(6 years)Widow of Phraates IV co-ruler with Phraates V First of only four women to rule in Iranian history65pxOrodes III4()–6/7(2/3 years)Part of the Arsacid dynasty but of unclear lineage65pxVonones I6/7–11/12(4–6 years)Son of Phraates IV nominated as king by the Roman Empire65pxArtabanus II11/12–38(26/27 years)Cousin of Vonones65pxGotarzes II38–51(13 years)Son of Artabanus ()65pxVardanes39–45/46(6/7 years)Son of Artabanus () Rival and later co-ruler of the empire with Gotarzes65pxVonones II51(briefly)Part of the Arsacid dynasty but of unclear lineage65pxVologases I51–78(27 years)Son of Vardanes65pxPacorus78–79 (1st reign)(1 year)Son of Vologases I65pxArtabanus III79–81(2 years)Son or brother of Vologases I65pxPacorus81–115 (2nd reign)(34 years)Retook the throne65pxVologases II115–116(1 year)Son of Pacorus65pxParthamaspates116–117(1 year)Grandson of Pacorus installed as king by the Roman Empire65pxOsroes117–128(11 years)Son of Pacorus and father of Parthamaspates65pxMithridates IV128–148(20 years)Part of the Arsacid dynasty but of unclear lineage65pxVologases III148–191(43 years)Son of Mithridates IV65pxVologases IV191–207(16 years)Son of Vologases III65pxVologases V207–213(6 years)Son of Vologases IV Possibly still in control of some parts of the empire by 22865pxArtabanus IV213–224(11 years)Son of Vologases IV Fought with Vologases V over control of the empire