In 1812, Heinrich Vogel (1778–1867) recognized that glucose was a product of hydrolyzing lactose.See: Vogel (1812) "Sur le sucre liquide d'amidon, et sur la transmutation des matières douces en sucre fermentescible" (On the liquid sugar of starch, and on the transformation of sweet materials into fermentable sugars), Annales de chemie et de physique, series 1, 82 : 148–164; see especially pages 156–158. H. A. Vogel (1812) "Ueber die Verwandlung der Stärke und andrer Körper in Zucker" (On the conversion of starches and other substances into sugar), Annalen der Physik, new series, 42 : 123–134; see especially pages 129–131. In 1856, Louis Pasteur crystallized the other component of lactose, galactose.Pasteur (1856) "Note sur le sucre de lait" (Note on milk sugar), Comptes rendus, 42 : 347–351. By 1894, Emil Fischer had established the configurations of the component sugars.Fischer determined the configuration of glucose in: Emil Fischer (1891) "Ueber die Configuration des Traubenzuckers und seiner Isomeren" (On the configuration of grape sugar and its isomers), Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft, 24 : 1836–1845. Emil Fischer (1891) "Ueber die Configuration des Traubenzuckers und seiner Isomeren. II" (On the configuration of grape sugar and its isomers), Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft, 24 : 2683–2687. Fischer established the configuration of galactose in: Emil Fischer and Robert S. Morrell (1894) "Ueber die Configuration der Rhamnose und Galactose" (On the configuration of rhamnose and galactose), Berichte der Deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft zu Berlin, 27 : 382–394. The configuration of galactose appears on page 385.
In 1812, Heinrich Vogel (1778–1867) recognized that glucose was a product of hydrolyzing lactose.See: Vogel (1812) "Sur le sucre liquide d'amidon, et sur la transmutation des matières douces en sucre fermentescible" (On the liquid sugar of starch, and on the transformation of sweet materials into fermentable sugars), Annales de chemie et de physique, series 1, 82 : 148–164; see especially pages 156–158. H. A. Vogel (1812) "Ueber die Verwandlung der Stärke und andrer Körper in Zucker" (On the conversion of starches and other substances into sugar), Annalen der Physik, new series, 42 : 123–134; see especially pages 129–131. In 1856, Louis Pasteur crystallized the other component of lactose, galactose.Pasteur (1856) "Note sur le sucre de lait" (Note on milk sugar), Comptes rendus, 42 : 347–351. By 1894, Emil Fischer had established the configurations of the component sugars.Fischer determined the configuration of glucose in: Emil Fischer (1891) "Ueber die Configuration des Traubenzuckers und seiner Isomeren" (On the configuration of grape sugar and its isomers), Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft, 24 : 1836–1845. Emil Fischer (1891) "Ueber die Configuration des Traubenzuckers und seiner Isomeren. II" (On the configuration of grape sugar and its isomers), Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft, 24 : 2683–2687. Fischer established the configuration of galactose in: Emil Fischer and Robert S. Morrell (1894) "Ueber die Configuration der Rhamnose und Galactose" (On the configuration of rhamnose and galactose), Berichte der Deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft zu Berlin, 27 : 382–394. The configuration of galactose appears on page 385.