Finland After the abdication of Nicholas II of Russia, the throne of the Grand Duke of Finland was vacant and according to the constitution of 1772, a regent was installed by the Finnish Parliament during the first two years of Finnish independence, before the country was declared a republic. Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, installed in January 1918, resigned in late 1918. Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, resigned 1919 with the passing of the new constitution. France Queen Anne of Kiev and Baldwin V, Count of Flanders (1060–1066), during the minority of her son and his nephew Philip I Suger, Abbot of St. Denis (1147–1149), during the absence of Louis VII on the Second Crusade Queen Adèle of Champagne and Guillaume de Champagne, Archbishop of Reims (1190–1191), during the absence of her son Philip II on the Third Crusade. Queen Blanche of Castile (1226–1234), during the minority of her son Louis IX Queen Blanche of Castile (1248–1252) and Alphonse, Count of Poitou and Toulouse (1248–1254), during the absence of her son and his brother Louis IX on the Seventh Crusade. Mathieu de Vendôme, Abbot of Saint-Denis and Simon de Clermont, Sieur de Nesle, during the absence of Louis IX on the Eighth Crusade (1270). Philip the Tall (1316), during the interregnum between the death of his brother Louis X and the birth of Louis' posthumous son John I, and during the minority of the short-lived John I. Philip, Count of Valois and Anjou (1328), from the death of his cousin Charles IV until the birth of a posthumous daughter to the late king brought about Valois' own accession to the throne. Queen Joan the Lame (1340) during absence of her husband Philip VI. Queen Joan the Lame (1345–1346) during absence of her husband Philip VI. Queen Joan the Lame (1347) during absence of her husband Philip VI. Charles, the Dauphin (1356–1360), during the captivity of his father in England Louis I, Duke of Anjou (1380–1382), during the minority of his nephew Charles VI Jean, Duke of Berry, Philippe II, Duke of Burgundy, and Louis II, Duke of Bourbon (1382–1388), during the minority of their nephew, Charles VI Louis II, Duke of Bourbon and John, Duke of Berry (1392–1407), during the insanity of their nephew, Charles VI Queen Isabella of Bavaria (1417–1420) and then Henry V of England, during the insanity of her husband and his father-in-law, Charles VI; they were opposed by Charles, the Dauphin (1417–1422), Charles VI's eldest surviving son, who also claimed the regency. John, Duke of Bedford (1422–1435), acting as regent on behalf of his nephew, the young Henry VI of England in opposition to the king Charles VII Queen Charlotte of Savoy (1465) during the absence of her husband Louis XI Anne of France and her husband Pierre de Beaujeu (1483–1491), during the minority of her brother, Charles VIII Louise of Savoy (1515–1516), during the absence of her son, Francis I, in Italy. Louise of Savoy (1523–1526), during the absence at war in Italy, and then the captivity, of her son, Francis I Queen Catherine de' Medici: (1552) While her husband Henry II left the kingdom for the campaign of Metz. (1560–1563) During the minority of her second son, Charles IX (1574) During the absence of her third son, Henry III, in Poland Queen Marie de' Medici (1610–1614), during the minority of her son, Louis XIII Queen Anne of Austria (1643–1651), during the minority of her son Louis XIV Philippe II, Duke of Orléans (1715–1723), during the minority of Louis XV; often called "the Regent", since he was the last regent of France. **The related era and style are commonly referred to as the Régence (analogous to the British Regency period). A 136 carat (27.2 g) diamond he acquired in 1717 is known as 'le régent' Louis-Stanislas-Xavier, comte de Provence, while living in exile, self-declared regent for his nephew Louis XVII of France after the 1793 guillotining of King Louis XVI, until the young pretender's death in 1795. Charles-Philippe de France, comte d'Artois, appointed Lieutenant General of the Kingdom by a temporary government from 14 April 1814 until Louis XVIII arrived from England. Empress Eugenie, three times for her husband, Napoleon III of France, during his absence.
Finland After the abdication of Nicholas II of Russia, the throne of the Grand Duke of Finland was vacant and according to the constitution of 1772, a regent was installed by the Finnish Parliament during the first two years of Finnish independence, before the country was declared a republic. Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, installed in January 1918, resigned in late 1918. Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, resigned 1919 with the passing of the new constitution. France Queen Anne of Kiev and Baldwin V, Count of Flanders (1060–1066), during the minority of her son and his nephew Philip I Suger, Abbot of St. Denis (1147–1149), during the absence of Louis VII on the Second Crusade Queen Adèle of Champagne and Guillaume de Champagne, Archbishop of Reims (1190–1191), during the absence of her son Philip II on the Third Crusade. Queen Blanche of Castile (1226–1234), during the minority of her son Louis IX Queen Blanche of Castile (1248–1252) and Alphonse, Count of Poitou and Toulouse (1248–1254), during the absence of her son and his brother Louis IX on the Seventh Crusade. Mathieu de Vendôme, Abbot of Saint-Denis and Simon de Clermont, Sieur de Nesle, during the absence of Louis IX on the Eighth Crusade (1270). Philip the Tall (1316), during the interregnum between the death of his brother Louis X and the birth of Louis' posthumous son John I, and during the minority of the short-lived John I. Philip, Count of Valois and Anjou (1328), from the death of his cousin Charles IV until the birth of a posthumous daughter to the late king brought about Valois' own accession to the throne. Queen Joan the Lame (1340) during absence of her husband Philip VI Queen Joan the Lame (1345–1346) during absence of her husband Philip VI. Queen Joan the Lame (1347) during absence of her husband Philip VI. Charles, the Dauphin (1356–1360), during the captivity of his father in England Louis I, Duke of Anjou (1380–1382), during the minority of his nephew Charles VI Jean, Duke of Berry, Philippe II, Duke of Burgundy, and Louis II, Duke of Bourbon (1382–1388), during the minority of their nephew, Charles VI Louis II, Duke of Bourbon and John, Duke of Berry (1392–1407), during the insanity of their nephew, Charles VI Queen Isabella of Bavaria (1417–1420) and then Henry V of England, during the insanity of her husband and his father-in-law, Charles VI; they were opposed by Charles, the Dauphin (1417–1422), Charles VI's eldest surviving son, who also claimed the regency. John, Duke of Bedford (1422–1435), acting as regent on behalf of his nephew, the young Henry VI of England in opposition to the king Charles VII Queen Charlotte of Savoy (1465) during the absence of her husband Louis XI Anne of France and her husband Pierre de Beaujeu (1483–1491), during the minority of her brother, Charles VIII Louise of Savoy (1515–1516), during the absence of her son, Francis I, in Italy. Louise of Savoy (1523–1526), during the absence at war in Italy, and then the captivity, of her son, Francis I Queen Catherine de' Medici: (1552) While her husband Henry II left the kingdom for the campaign of Metz. (1560–1563) During the minority of her second son, Charles IX (1574) During the absence of her third son, Henry III, in Poland Queen Marie de' Medici (1610–1614), during the minority of her son, Louis XIII Queen Anne of Austria (1643–1651), during the minority of her son Louis XIV Philippe II, Duke of Orléans (1715–1723), during the minority of Louis XV; often called "the Regent", since he was the last regent of France. **The related era and style are commonly referred to as the Régence (analogous to the British Regency period). A 136 carat (27.2 g) diamond he acquired in 1717 is known as 'le régent' Louis-Stanislas-Xavier, comte de Provence, while living in exile, self-declared regent for his nephew Louis XVII of France after the 1793 guillotining of King Louis XVI, until the young pretender's death in 1795. Charles-Philippe de France, comte d'Artois, appointed Lieutenant General of the Kingdom by a temporary government from 14 April 1814 until Louis XVIII arrived from England. Empress Eugenie, three times for her husband, Napoleon III of France, during his absence.