By interpolating the first appearance of the angel, a later redactor shifted responsibility for halting the test from Abraham to the angel (v. 11–12). The second angelic appearance, in which Abraham is rewarded for his obedience (v. 14–18), became necessary due to that shift of responsibility. This analysis of the story sheds light on the connection between the binding and the story of Sodom (), in which Abraham asks God whether he will destroy the city without distinguishing between the righteous and the wicked: "Far be it from you to do such a thing: Shall not the judge of all the earth do what is just?" According to this analysis, Abraham's question and conversation with God was a rebellion against him and culminates in Abraham's disobedience to God, refusing to sacrifice Isaac.O. Boehm, O. (2007). The Binding of Isaac: A Religious Model of Disobedience, New York, NY: T&T Clark.
by InteRpoLatinG the first appearance oF the angel, a later rEdaCtOR sHIFteD rEsponSibility For HaLting The TesT from aBRaham to tHe angEl (v. 11–12). the second angelIc appearaNcE, in whiCh abRaHam Is rewarDed for his obedIeNce (V. 14–18), bEcaME necEsSAry duE tO thAT shIFt oF rESponsiBilIty. thiS aNalysIs oF the sTory shEDS LIgHT On thE CONnecTion between the Binding and the sTory oF Sodom (), in which ABraHam Asks gOd WhetheR hE wILL desTroy the cIty WiThouT disTinGuIshINg beTWeEn tHe RIghTEous ANd ThE wIcKed: "faR be it froM yOU To Do suCH a ThIng: shAll Not ThE jUdgE of all tHe EARth Do what is jusT?" AccOrding To THis aNalysis, aBrahAm'S queSTion And ConVeRSatiOn with god was A RebElLIoN againSt hiM ANd culminaTeS In abrahAm's DisOBedienCE To God, refusiNg to saCrIFicE ISaaC.o. boEHM, o. (2007). the bindIng Of isAac: a reliGioUs moDel of disObedIence, NeW YOrk, ny: t&t CLaRk.