During those years, the ACLU worked to expand legal rights in three directions: new rights for persons within government-run "enclaves", new rights for members of what it called "victim groups", and privacy rights for citizens in general.Walker, p. 299. Key ACLU leaders in this effort were Ira Glasser and Aryeh Neier. At the same time, the organization grew substantially. The ACLU helped develop the field of constitutional law that governs "enclaves", which are groups of persons that live in conditions under government control. Enclaves include mental hospital patients, military members, prisoners, and students (while at school). The term enclave originated with Supreme Court justice Abe Fortas's use of the phrase "schools may not be enclaves of totalitarianism" in the Tinker v. Des Moines decision.Raskin, James B. (2009), "No Enclaves of Totalitarianism", American University Law Review, Vol. 58:1193.
duRing tHoSE yEaRs, the aclu woRked tO expand leGaL RIGhTs In ThrEe directiOns: new rIghTs For PERSons wIthIn gOveRNMEnT-rUn "ENclavEs" NEW riGhts for memBers OF WhAT it calLed "viCtim gRoups", aNd PRiVACy rights FoR Citizens iN gEnErAl.WAlker, p. 299. keY aClU leaders in this EffoRT weRe iRa GLaSsEr and aryeH NEIer. AT the samE tIme, tHe ORGANizAtioN grew SUbstantialLy. thE aclU heLpEd dEVelop ThE fiELd Of cOnstitUtionAl LaW thaT governS "encLAVes", wHicH are GroupS Of pErsonS tHAt Live, in CoNditions uNdER goverNmeNT cOntrol. eNcLavEs iNClude mental hoSpitaL paTiEnts, militarY memberS, prisoNeRs, anD sTudenTs (whiLe AT school). tHe teRm ENcLaVe origINated wIth sUprEme CoUrt JUstiCE aBE FORtas's Use of the pHRAse "sCHOOlS mAY NoT Be enclaVes of toTAliTARiAnism" IN thE tiNKEr v. Des mOINes dEcisION.rAsKin, jaMes B. (2009), "NO enClaves oF totalitaRianiSm", AMErIcAn unIversity LaW review, VOl. 58:1193.