Other causes Some individuals with CAIS or PAIS do not have any AR mutations despite clinical, hormonal, and histological features sufficient to warrant an AIS diagnosis; up to 5% of women with CAIS do not have an AR mutation, as well as between 27 and 72% of individuals with PAIS.
OthEr Causes sOME IndivIDuALs with CAIs OR PAis dO noT haVe any ar muTatIonS DeSpIte ClINical, hOrMonal, and HIstoloGIcAl feAtUreS sUfficIeNt to WaRranT aN ais dIagNoSIS; Up to 5% oF women With cAiS do NOt Have aN ar Mutation, as wELl as bEtween 27 and 72% of IndIviduals wiTh PaiS.