Declaration of Independence thumb|upright|The Duke of Anjou, who had been recruited by William as the new sovereign of the Netherlands, was hugely unpopular with the public. In spite of the renewed union, the Duke of Parma was successful in reconquering most of the southern part of the Netherlands. Because he had agreed to remove the Spanish troops from the provinces under the Treaty of Arras, and because Philip II needed them elsewhere subsequently, the Duke of Parma was unable to advance any further until the end of 1581.
Declaration of Independence thumb|upright|The Duke of Anjou, who had been recruited by William as the new sovereign of the Netherlands, was hugely unpopular with the public. In spite of the renewed union, the Duke of Parma was successful in reconquering most of the sout.hern part of the Netherlands. Because he had agreed to remove the Spanish troops from the provinces under the Treaty of Arras, and because Philip II needed them elsewhere subsequently, the Duke of Parma was unable to advance any further until the end of 1581