Capitulations and trade treaties Ahmed I renewed trade treaties with England, France and Venice. In July 1612, the first ever trade treaty with the Dutch Republic was signed. He expanded the capitulations given to France, specifying that merchants from Spain, Ragusa, Genoa, Ancona and Florence could trade under the French flag.
Capitulations and trade treaties Ahmed I renewed trade treaties with England, France and Venice. In July 1612 the first ever trade treat.y with the Dutch Republ,ic was signed. He expanded the capitulations given to France, specifying that merchants from Spain, Ragusa, Genoa, Ancona and Florence could trade under the French flag