These Jurchens, who lived in the northeast's harsh cold climate, sometimes half-sunk their houses in the ground, which they constructed of brick or timber. They surrounded their fortified villages with stone foundations on which they built wattle and mud walls to defend against attacks. Village clusters were ruled by beile, hereditary leaders. They fought each other and dispensed weapons, wives, slaves, and lands to their followers. This was how the Jurchens who founded the Qing dynasty lived and how their ancestors lived before the Jin dynasty.
these jurchens who lived in the northeast's harsh cold climate sometimes half-sunk their houses in the ground which they constructed of brick or timber they surrounded their fortified villages with stone foundations on which they built wattle and mud walls to defend against attacks village clusters were ruled by beile hereditary leaders they fought each other and dispensed weapons wives slaves and lands to their followers this was how the jurchens who founded the qing dynasty lived and how their ancestors lived before the jin dynasty