Criticism Philosophers such as Immanuel Kant and Friedrich Nietzsche have objected to the rule on a variety of grounds. One is the epistemic question of determining how others want to be treated. The obvious way is to ask them, but they might give duplicitous answers if they find this strategically useful, and they might also fail to understand the details of the choice situation as you understand it. We might also be biased to perceiving harms and benefits to ourselves more than to others, which could lead to escalating conflict if we are suspicious of others. Hence Linus Pauling suggested that we introduce a bias towards others into the golden rule: "Do unto others 20 percent better than you would have them do unto you" - to correct for subjective bias.
Criticism Philosophers such as Immanuel Kant and Friedrich Nietzsche have objected to the rule on a variety of grounds One is the epistemic question of determining how others want to be treated The obvious way is to ask them but they might give duplicitous answers if they find this strategically useful and they might also fail to understand the details of the choice situation as you understand it We might also be biased to perceiving harms and benefits to ourselves more than to others which could lead to escalating conflict if we are suspicious of others Hence Linus Pauling suggested that we introduce a bias towards others into the golden rule "Do unto others 20 percent better than you would have them do unto you" - to correct for subjective bias