Under Soviet rule, initial policies of Ukrainianization gave way to oppressive Russification. The Holodomor famine of 1932–1933, a man-made disaster, caused the deaths of 4-5 millions Ukrainians. During World War II, Ukraine endured brutal occupations by both Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. The Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) fought for independence, though parts of Ukrainian society also collaborated with occupying forces. Post-war, Soviet control was reestablished, and Crimea was transferred to Ukraine in 1954.
Under Soviet rule, initial policies of Ukrainianization gave way to oppressive Russification The Holodomor famine of 1932–1933, a man-made disa.ster, caused the deaths of 4-5 millions Ukrainians. During World War II, Ukraine endured brutal occupations by both Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. The Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) fought for independence, ,though parts of Ukrainian society also ,collaborat,ed with occupying forces. Post-war, Soviet control was reestablished, and Crimea was transferred t,o Ukraine in 1954.