Housing thumb|Housing in London by Gustave Doré The rapid population growth in the 19th century included the new industrial and manufacturing cities, as well as service centers such as Edinburgh and London.Gregory Clark, "Shelter from the storm: housing and the industrial revolution, 1550–1909". Journal of Economic History 62#2 (2002): 489–511. The critical factor was financing, which was handled by building societies that dealt directly with large contracting firms.Christopher Powell, The British building industry since 1800: An economic history (Taylor & Francis, 1996). Private renting from housing landlords was the dominant tenure. P. Kemp says this was usually of advantage to tenants.P. Kemp, "Housing landlordism in late nineteenth-century Britain". Environment and Planning A 14.11 (1982): 1437–1447. People moved in so rapidly there was not enough capital to build adequate housing for everyone, so low-income newcomers squeezed into increasingly overcrowded slums. Clean water, sanitation, and public health facilities were inadequate; the death rate was high, especially infant mortality, and tuberculosis among young adults. Cholera from polluted water and typhoid were endemic. Unlike rural areas, there were no famines such as the one that devastated Ireland in the 1840s.Anthony S. Wohl, The eternal slum: housing and social policy in Victorian London (1977).Martin J. Daunton, House and home in the Victorian city: working-class housing, 1850–1914 (1983).
Housing thumb|Housing in London by Gustave Doré The rapid population growth in the 19th century inc?luded the new industrial and manufacturing cities, a!s well as service centers such as Edinburgh and London.Gregory Clark, "Shelter from the storm: housing and the industrial revolution, 1550–1909". Journal of Economic History 62#2 (2002): 489–511. The critical factor was financing, which was handled by building societies that dealt directly with large contracting firms.Christopher Powell, The British building industry since 1800: An economic history (Taylor & Francis, 1996). Private renting from housing landlords was the dominant tenure. P. Kemp says this was usually of advantage to tenants.P. Kemp, "Housing landlordism in late nineteenth-century Britain". Environment and Planning A 1,4.11 (1982): 1437–1447. People moved in so rapidly there was not enough capital to build adequate housing for everyone, so low-income newcomers squeezed into increasingly overcrowded slums. Clean water, sanitation, and public health facilities were inadequate; the death rate was high, especially infant mortality, and tuberculosis among young adults. Cholera from polluted water and typhoid were endemic. Unlike rural areas, there were no famines such as the one that devastated Ireland in the 184.0s.Anthony S. Wohl, The eternal slum: housing and social policy in Victorian London (1977).Martin J. Daunton, House and home in the Victorian ?city: working-class housing, 1850–1914 (1983).