Common features of surviving instruments include: a narrow cylindrical bore (except the Göttingen recorder); a doubled seventh hole for the little finger of the lower hand, (except the Tartu recorder), which feature allows for both right- or left-handed playing; a flat or truncated head instead of the narrow beak found on later instruments; and a seventh hole that produces a semitone instead of a tone. Additionally, the Esslingen fragment has turnings similar to the Göttingen recorder. No complete instrument longer than has been uncovered, although the Esslingen fragment may represent a larger recorder.Nicholas S. Lander, "A Memento: The Medieval Recorder" (Recorder Home Page, 1996–2014). Last accessed 30 June 2014.
Common features of surviving instruments include: a narrow cylindrical bore (except the Göttingen recorder); a doubled seventh hole for the little finger of the lower hand, (except the Tartu recorder), which feature allows for both right- or left-handed playing; a flat or truncated head instead of the narrow beak found on later instruments; and a seventh hole that produces a semitone instead of a tone. Additionally, the Esslingen fragment has turnings similar to the Göttingen recorder. No complete instrument longer than has been uncovered, although the Esslingen fragment may represent a larger recorder.Nicholas S. Lander, "A Memento: The Medieval Recorder" (Recorder Home Page, 1996–2014). Last accessed 30 June 2014.