While the Vaibhāṣikas held that dharmas of the three times all exist, they held that only present dharmas have "efficacy" (karitra), thus they were able to explain how the present seems to function differently than the past or future.Westerhoff, 2018, p. 63. Among the different Sarvāstivāda thinkers, there were different ideas on how this theory was to be understood.Poussin; Pruden, Abhidharmakosabhasyam of Vasubandhu, Vol 3, 1991, p. 808. These differences were accepted as long as they did not contradict the doctrine of "all exists" and can be seen in the MVŚ, which outlines the four different interpretations of this doctrine by the ‘four great Ābhidharmikas of the Sarvāstivāda’: Dharmatrāta, Buddhadeva, Vasumitra and Ghoṣaka.Dhammajoti (2009), p. 75.
while the vaibhāṣikas held that dharmas of the three times all exist they held that only present dharmas have "efficacy" (karitra) thus they were able to explain how the present seems to function differently than the past or futurewesterhoff 2018 p 63 among the different sarvāstivāda thinkers there were different ideas on how this theory was to be understoodpoussin; pruden abhidharmakosabhasyam of vasubandhu vol 3 1991 p 808 these differences were accepted as long as they did not contradict the doctrine of "all exists" and can be seen in the mvś which outlines the four different interpretations of this doctrine by the ‘four great ābhidharmikas of the sarvāstivāda’ dharmatrāta buddhadeva vasumitra and ghoṣakadhammajoti (2009) p 75