In all systems, a small supplementary heater increases personal security and reduces lifestyle impacts for a small reduction of autonomy. The two most popular heaters for ultra-high-efficiency houses are a small heat pump, which also provides air conditioning, or a central hydronic (radiator) air heater with water recirculating from the water heater. Passivhaus designs usually integrate the heater with the ventilation system.
In all systems a small supplementary heater increases personal security and reduces lifestyle impacts for a small reduction of autonomy The two most popular heaters for ultra-high-efficiency houses are a small heat pump which also provides air conditioning or a central hydronic (radiator) air heater with water recirculating from the water heater Passivhaus designs usually integrate the heater with the ventilation system