The power of national aristocracies. The varied effects of the Kalmar Union's foreign policy on the three kingdoms. For example, attempted expansions into Northern Germany may have served Danish interests, but was costly to Swedes who had to pay higher taxes and were unable to export iron to the Hanseatic League. Geography complicated control of the union in the event of rebellion. The large territorial size of the union complicated control. Denmark was not strong enough to force Norway and Sweden to stay within the union.
The power of national aristocracies. The varied effects of the Kalmar Union's foreign policy on the three kingdoms. For example, attempted expansions into Northern Germany may have served Danish interests, but was costly to Swedes who had to pay higher taxes and were unable to export iron to the Hanseatic League. Geography complicated control of the union in the event of rebellion. The large territorial size of the union complicated control. Denmark was not strong enough to force Norway and Sweden to stay within the union