Dream frames were also once common for encasing the fantasy world with an explanation of its marvels. Such a dream frame was added to the story of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz for the movie version; in the book, Oz is clearly defined as an actual place.L. Frank Baum, Michael Patrick Hearn, The Annotated Wizard of Oz, p 96, H.P. Lovecraft made active use of the dream frame, creating elaborate geographies accessible to humans only when they were asleep and dreaming. These dream settings have been criticized,J.R.R. Tolkien, "On Fairy-Stories", p. 14, The Tolkien Reader, Ballantine Books, New York 1966 and are far less frequent today.
dream Frames Were alSo onCe commOn for encasing tHe fanTASY WoRLd with An ExplaNation of iTs MArVels. sucH a dREam FrAme was ADded to the story of the woNderful WiZard of Oz for tHe moVie VeRsioN; in ThE booK, Oz iS ClEARly dEfinEd As An actUal plaCe.l. frANK BAUm, MicHaEl pAtRicK HeArN, the aNnotatEd wIZArd Of Oz, P 96, h.p. lovecRaFt madE activE usE of thE DreaM frAme, creaTIng eLaboRate geOgrAphies acCESsibLe To huManS onLy WhEn tHey werE aslEEp And drEAmIng. ThESe drEaM sETTings haVe BEEn CriticizEd,j.R.r. tOlKIEn, "on Fairy-StORies", P. 14, tHE toLkieN reADer, BallantIne BOOks, NeW yoRk 1966 And are fAr less freqUEnt todAy.