Many non-IP-based networks, such as X.25, Frame Relay and ATM, implement the connection-oriented communication at the network or data link layer rather than the transport layer. In X.25, in telephone network modems and in wireless communication systems, reliable node-to-node communication is implemented at lower protocol layers.
many non-ip-based networks such as x25 frame relay and atm implement the connection-oriented communication at the network or data link layer rather than the transport layer in x25 in telephone network modems and in wireless communication systems reliable node-to-node communication is implemented at lower protocol layers