This meta-analysis showed that developmental stages affect how children perceived ethnic-racial socialization. Cultural socialization practices appear to affect children similarly across developmental stages except for preparation for bias and promotion of mistrust which are encouraged for older-aged children. Existing research shows ethnic-racial socialization serves African Americans positively against discrimination. Cross-sectional studies were predicted to have greater effect sizes because correlations are inflated in these kinds of studies. Parental reports of ethnic-racial socialization influence are influenced by "intentions", so child reports tend to be more accurate.
This meta-analysis showed that developmental stages affect how children perceived ethnic-racial socialization Cultural socialization practices appear to affect children similarly across developmental stages except for preparation for bias and promotion of mistrust which are encouraged for older-aged children Existing research shows ethnic-racial socialization serves African Americans positively against discrimination Cross-sectional studies were predicted to have greater effect sizes because correlations are inflated in these kinds of studies Parental reports of ethnic-racial socialization influence are influenced by "intentions" so child reports tend to be more accurate