Composition The democratic character of the assembly at Basel was a result of both its composition and its organization. Doctors of theology, masters and representatives of chapters, monks and clerks of inferior orders constantly outnumbered the prelates in it, and the influence of the superior clergy had less weight because instead of being separated into "nations", as at Constance, the fathers divided themselves according to their tastes or aptitudes into four large committees or "deputations" (deputationes). One was concerned with questions of faith (fidei), another with negotiations for peace (pacis), the third with reform (reformatorii), and the fourth with what they called "common concerns" (pro communibus). Every decision made by three "deputations" (the lower clergy formed the majority in each) received ratification for the sake of form in general congregation and, if necessary led to decrees promulgated in session. Papal critics thus termed the council "an assembly of copyists" or even "a set of grooms and scullions". However, some prelates, although absent, were represented by their proxies.
cOmposiTion the DEmocrAtiC CHARACTer of the AsseMbly AT baSel was a ResuLt of BoTh iTS cOmPosItioN and iTS orgaNIzatiOn doCtOrS Of TheolOGY MasteRs And RePreSEntatIves oF chaPTErs MoNkS And cLerks of infeRIoR orders conSTanTly OutnumBered tHe pRELates IN It and tHE INfLueNCe of The sUPERIor clergY hAd LeSS weiGht bEcause iNStEAd of beinG sEpArATed Into "nATIonS" as at CoNstance ThE fatHeRs diviDED thEmsELVES aCcORdinG tO theiR tAsteS or aptITudEs inTo fOur largE comMIttees oR "dEputAtiONs" (depuTAtionEs) one waS cOncERned witH QUEstioNs of FaItH (fIDei) aNoTheR With negotiaTIoNs FOr peace (pacIs) The tHIRd wITh refOrm (reForMaTorii) and the foUrth WitH what thEY called "commOn Concerns" (Pro communiBus) everY dEcIsion MadE by tHree "DeputatiONs" (the lOweR Clergy formEd the MajorIty In Each) recEIVed RatIficATION For The sAke OF fOrm iN genEral CoNGrEGAtIon and iF nEcessAry LeD to dEcrEES promulgATed In sessIoN PapAL criTicS ThuS TermeD the couNcIl "aN asseMBLy oF CopyIstS" oR eVen "a set OF groomS aND scuLliOns" howEvER somE preLates AlThouGH abseNt werE rEpReSeNtEd by tHeIR pRoxIeS