Modern usage In modern applications of the liberal arts as curriculum in colleges or universities, the quadrivium may be considered to be the study of number and its relationship to space or time: arithmetic was pure number, geometry was number in space, music was number in time, and astronomy was number in space and time. Morris Kline classified the four elements of the quadrivium as pure (arithmetic), stationary (geometry), moving (astronomy), and applied (music) number.Kline, Morris (1953). "The Sine of G Major". In Mathematics in Western Culture. Oxford University Press.
Modern usage In modern applications of the liberal arts as curriculum in colleges or universities the quadrivium may be considered to be the study of number and its relationship to space or time: arithmetic was pure number, geometry was number in space, music was number in time, and astronomy was number in space and time. Morris Kline classified the four elements of the quadrivium as pure (arithmetic), stationary (geometry), moving (astronomy), and applied (music) number.Kline, Morris (1953). "The Sine of G Major". In Mathematics in Western Culture. Oxford University Press.