African colonisation Of all the areas of the world that scholars have claimed to be adversely affected by imperialism, Africa is probably the most notable. In the expansive "age of imperialism" of the nineteenth century, scholars have argued that European colonisation in Africa has led to the elimination of many various cultures, worldviews, and epistemologies, particularly through neocolonisation of public education.Monga, C. 1996. Anthropology of Anger: Civil Society and Democracy in Africa. Boulder, CO: Lynne Riennerwa Thiongo, N. 1986. Decolonising the Mind: The Politics of Language in African Literature. London: James Curry. This, arguably has led to uneven development, and further informal forms of social control having to do with culture and imperialism. A variety of factors, scholars argue, lead to the elimination of cultures, worldviews, and epistemologies, such as "de-linguicization" (replacing native African languages with European ones), devaluing ontologies that are not explicitly individualistic, and at times going as far as to not only define Western culture itself as science, but that non-Western approaches to science, the Arts, indigenous culture, etc. are not even knowledge. One scholar, Ali A. Abdi, claims that imperialism inherently "involve[s] extensively interactive regimes and heavy contexts of identity deformation, misrecognition, loss of self-esteem, and individual and social doubt in self-efficacy." Therefore, all imperialism would always, already be cultural.
afriCAn COLoniSaTion oF aLl THe areAs of the WOrld that scholaRs have claImed tO Be adversELy afFected bY Imperialism, aFrica is probabLY thE mOsT notaBle. in the EXPansive "agE Of iMPeriaLIsm" of the NiNeteENth cenTUry, SchOlaRs havE arGuED ThAt euRopeaN COlONisaTIOn iN africa Has LEd to tHE ElimINAtIoN of many vaRioUs cuLtuReS, worldVIewS, anD epistEMOLogieS, parTiCULarly THrOugh NeOcolOnISatIOn of puBlic educatiOn.Monga, c. 1996. anThropologY of aNger: ciVil sociEty anD dEmocrAcy in africA. BOUlder, Co: lYnne riennErwa ThIoNGo, N. 1986. dEcOlonising The MInd: tHe poliTiCS OF lAngUAge iN afriCan liTerAturE. lonDon: jamES cuRry. this, arGuABLy has led TO Uneven deVEloPment, and furTher infOrmal forms oF socIal coNtrOl hAVIng To do wIth CultuRe ANd impEriAlisM. a varieTy Of factorS, scHolars aRgUe, lead to the elimInATIoN oF CuLtures, worlDvieWs, ANd EpISTeMOlogIeS, suCH aS "de-liNguICIzation" (repLAcing nAtIvE afrIcAN langUAges with EuROpeAn ones), devaluing oNtologIes That are NOt eXPlicitly indIviDuaLIstIc, aND At tiMes GoINg aS far AS To noT ONlY definE WestERn CuLtuRe iTself as scieNce, bUt that nOn-wEstern approAches TO sciENce, thE ARts, InDigeNous cuLTurE, etc. Are not EvEn KnOwledge. one schOLAR, ALI a. aBdi, claIms thAt impeRialiSM InheRently "invOlve[s] exTeNsiVely inteRaCtIVe REGiMeS anD heavY ConTeXts Of iDenTity deFormAtIon, MisrEcognitIoN, loss of Self-esteem, anD IndIViduaL AnD soCial dOUbT In self-efFicaCY." TherEForE, ALL ImpERiAlIsm WoUlD aLways, alreaDy bE Cultural.