One of the major switches for neuronal activity is the activation of PKs and PPs by elevated intracellular calcium. The degree of activation of the various isoforms of PKs and PPs is controlled by their individual sensitivities to calcium. Furthermore, a wide range of specific inhibitors and targeting partners such as scaffolding, anchoring, and adaptor proteins also contribute to the control of PKs and PPs and recruit them into signalling complexes in neuronal cells. Such signalling complexes typically act to bring PKs and PPs in close proximity with target substrates and signalling molecules as well as enhance their selectivity by restricting accessibility to these substrate proteins. Phosphorylation events, therefore, are controlled not only by the balanced activity of PKs and PPs but also by their restricted localisation. Regulatory subunits and domains serve to restrict specific proteins to particular subcellular compartments and to modulate protein specificity. These regulators are essential for maintaining the coordinated action of signalling cascades, which in neuronal cells include short-term (synaptic) and long-term (nuclear) signalling. These functions are, in part, controlled by allosteric modification by secondary messengers and reversible protein phosphorylation.
one of the major switches for neuronal activity is the activation of pks and pps by elevated intracellular calcium the degree of activation of the various isoforms of pks and pps is controlled by their individual sensitivities to calcium furthermore a wide range of specific inhibitors and targeting partners such as scaffolding anchoring and adaptor proteins also contribute to the control of pks and pps and recruit them into signalling complexes in neuronal cells such signalling complexes typically act to bring pks and pps in close proximity with target substrates and signalling molecules as well as enhance their selectivity by restricting accessibility to these substrate proteins phosphorylation events therefore are controlled not only by the balanced activity of pks and pps but also by their restricted localisation regulatory subunits and domains serve to restrict specific proteins to particular subcellular compartments and to modulate protein specificity these regulators are essential for maintaining the coordinated action of signalling cascades which in neuronal cells include short-term (synaptic) and long-term (nuclear) signalling these functions are in part controlled by allosteric modification by secondary messengers and reversible protein phosphorylation