Hadith Bayāḍ wa Riyāḍ, the love story of Bayad and Riyad, is one of the few remaining illustrated manuscripts dated to 13th century Almohad caliphate. Its use of miniatures displays a clear connection with previous illustrated tradition from the eastern Islamic world. However, it deviates in its depictions of the frontispiece, interior, and teaching scenes, which show similarities to scientific manuscripts from the central Islamic world, typically considered to have consisted of the Arabian peninsula, northeast modern Iran, and the Fertile Crescent.Robinson, Cynthia (2007). Contadini, A. (ed.). Love Localized and Science from Afar: "Arab Painting", Iberian Courtly Culture, and the Hadith Bayad wa Riyad. Brill. pp. 104–114. . Depictions of architecture specific to the Almohad caliphate are also evident in several places in the manuscript.thumb|A copy of the Qur'an personally transcribed by Caliph al-Murtada, circa 1266The penultimate Almohad caliph, Abu Hafs al-Murtada, was a notable calligrapher in his own right and composed poems and copied Qur'ans. A known bibliophile, he frequently endowed books to madrasas and mosques and established the first public manuscript transcription center in Marrakesh. One of the large Qur'ans that he copied has been preserved in Marrakesh and is the oldest surviving example in the western Islamic world of a Qur'an personally produced by a sovereign ruler. The 10-volume tome is written on parchment and bound with a leather cover decorated with a geometric motif, exhibiting the first dated use of gold tooling on a manuscript binding.Bloom, Jonathan M.; Blair, Sheila S. (2009), "Almohad", The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture, Oxford University Press, , , retrieved 2021-05-04 The verses are written in Maghrebi mabsūt script and the end of each verse is marked by a gold circle divided into eight uniform segments. Using large Maghrebi script, there are five to 10 lines to a page, with relatively few words to each line. There is lavish use of gold, and this Qur'an, as with other Qur'ans of this size, was likely intended for court use.Blair, Sheila (2008). Islamic Calligraphy. Edinburgh: Edinburgh. pp. 227–228. .
hadith bayāḍ wa riyāḍ the love story of bayad and riyad is one of the few remaining illustrated manuscripts dated to 13th century almohad caliphate its use of miniatures displays a clear connection with previous illustrated tradition from the eastern islamic world however it deviates in its depictions of the frontispiece interior and teaching scenes which show similarities to scientific manuscripts from the central islamic world typically considered to have consisted of the arabian peninsula northeast modern iran and the fertile crescentrobinson cynthia (2007) contadini a (ed) love localized and science from afar "arab painting" iberian courtly culture and the hadith bayad wa riyad brill pp 104–114  depictions of architecture specific to the almohad caliphate are also evident in several places in the manuscriptthumb|a copy of the qur'an personally transcribed by caliph al-murtada circa 1266the penultimate almohad caliph abu hafs al-murtada was a notable calligrapher in his own right and composed poems and copied qur'ans a known bibliophile he frequently endowed books to madrasas and mosques and established the first public manuscript transcription center in marrakesh one of the large qur'ans that he copied has been preserved in marrakesh and is the oldest surviving example in the western islamic world of a qur'an personally produced by a sovereign ruler the 10-volume tome is written on parchment and bound with a leather cover decorated with a geometric motif exhibiting the first dated use of gold tooling on a manuscript bindingbloom jonathan m; blair sheila s (2009) "almohad" the grove encyclopedia of islamic art and architecture oxford university press   retrieved 2021-05-04 the verses are written in maghrebi mabsūt script and the end of each verse is marked by a gold circle divided into eight uniform segments using large maghrebi script there are five to 10 lines to a page with relatively few words to each line there is lavish use of gold and this qur'an as with other qur'ans of this size was likely intended for court useblair sheila (2008) islamic calligraphy edinburgh edinburgh pp 227–228 