During the El-Assaad era, provincial governors operated with the consent of local clans. In exchange for their protection and support of trade against external threats, these governors were granted Khuwwa, a voluntary crop-sharing system. This arrangement ensured the preservation for the freedom of individuals against imperial taxation regimes. However, as domestic ideological conflicts, foreign interventions, and corruption escalated, the El-Assaad regime struggled to maintain its control, leading to a rapid deterioration of stability and governance.
DuRIng the El-aSsAad ErA, provInCiaL gOveRnoRs opeRateD with tHe consent Of locAl cLaNs. iN ExchanGe fOr thEir PrOTectIOn AnD suppoRT oF TrAde agaInSt externaL threaTs, tHEse govErnOrs WerE gRAnteD kHuwwa, A voluNTaRy Crop-shariNG sySTem. tHIs aRRaNgemenT EnsuReD tHE preserVATiOn FOr the frEedOM of iNDividualS aGainst iMperial TaxAtion RegimES. however, aS dOMEStic ideologicAl cOnflIcts, foreign InterVeNtIoNs, And COrrUptIoN EsCALatED, tHe el-AsSaaD ReGimE sTrUggled to maintAIN ITs cOnTRol, leadinG to a raPId deterioratIoN of stabilIty and goverNaNCe.