Nepali was the national language and Sanskrit became a required school subject. Children who spoke Nepali natively and who were exposed to Sanskrit had much better chances of passing the national examinations at the end of high school, which meant they had better employment prospects and could continue into higher education. Children who natively spoke local languages of the Madhesh and Hills, or Tibetan dialects prevailing in the high mountains were at a considerable disadvantage. This history of exclusion coupled with poor prospects for improvement created grievances that encouraged many in ethnic communities such as Madhesi and Tharu in the Tharuhat and Madhesh and Kham Magar in the mid-western hills to support the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) and various other armed Maoist opposition groups such as the JTMM during and after the Nepali Civil War. The negotiated end to this war forced King Gyanendra to abdicate in 2008. Issues of ethnic and regional equity have tended to dominate the agenda of the new republican government and continue to be divisive. Today, even after the end of a 10-year-old Maoist conflict, the upper caste dominates every field in Nepal. Although Newars are low in numbers, their urban living habitat gives them a competitive advantage. Kayastha of Madhesh are the toppers in Human Development Index. From a gender perspective, Newari women are the most literate and lead in every sector. Brahmin and Chhetri women have experienced less social and economic mobility compared to Newari women. Specifically, Brahmin women experience less equality due to their predominately rural living conditions which deprives them of access to certain educational and healthcare advantages.
Nepali was the national language and Sanskrit became a required school subject Children who spoke Nepali natively and who were exposed to Sanskrit had much better chances of passing the national examinations at the end of high school which meant they had better employment prospects and could continue into higher education Children who natively spoke local languages of the Madhesh and Hills or Tibetan dialects prevailing in the high mountains were at a considerable disadvantage This history of exclusion coupled with poor prospects for improvement created grievances that encouraged many in ethnic communities such as Madhesi and Tharu in the Tharuhat and Madhesh and Kham Magar in the mid-western hills to support the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) and various other armed Maoist opposition groups such as the JTMM during and after the Nepali Civil War The negotiated end to this war forced King Gyanendra to abdicate in 2008 Issues of ethnic and regional equity have tended to dominate the agenda of the new republican government and continue to be divisive Today even after the end of a 10-year-old Maoist conflict the upper caste dominates every field in Nepal Although Newars are low in numbers their urban living habitat gives them a competitive advantage Kayastha of Madhesh are the toppers in Human Development Index From a gender perspective Newari women are the most literate and lead in every sector Brahmin and Chhetri women have experienced less social and economic mobility compared to Newari women Specifically Brahmin women experience less equality due to their predominately rural living conditions which deprives them of access to certain educational and healthcare advantages