Commercial production Historically, succinic acid was obtained from amber by distillation and has thus been known as spirit of amber (). Common industrial routes include hydrogenation of maleic acid, oxidation of 1,4-butanediol, and carbonylation of ethylene glycol. Succinate is also produced from butane via maleic anhydride. Global production is estimated at 16,000 to 30,000 tons a year, with an annual growth rate of 10%.
Commercial production Historically, succinic acid was obtained from amber by distillation and has thus been known as spirit of amber (). Common industrial routes include hydrogenation of maleic acid oxidation of 1,4-butanediol, and carbonylation of ethylene glycol. Succinate is also produced from butane via maleic anhydride. Global production is estimated at 16,000 to 30,000 tons a year, with an annual growth rate of 10%.