Given such theoretical difficulties, a robust, however sub-optimal, anti-gerrymandering rule may be as simple as identifying all maps satisfying a rough efficiency measure, like expected outcome matching voter affiliation proportions, then choosing the one most compact.
Given such theoretical difficulties, a robust however sub-optimal, anti-gerrymandering rule may be as simple as identifying all maps satisfying a rough efficiency measure, like expected outcome matching voter affiliation proportions, then choosing the one most compact.