Celsus (25 BC – 14 AD) described ligation and excision procedures and discussed the possible complications. Galen advocated severing the connection of the arteries to veins, claiming it reduced both pain and the spread of gangrene. The Susruta Samhita (4th–5th century BC) is similar to the words of Hippocrates, but emphasizes wound cleanliness. In the 13th century, European surgeons such as Lanfranc of Milan, Guy de Chauliac, Henri de Mondeville, and John of Ardene made great progress and development of the surgical techniques.
celsus (25 bc – 14 ad) described ligation and excision procedures and discussed the possible complications galen advocated severing the connection of the arteries to veins claiming it reduced both pain and the spread of gangrene the susruta samhita (4th–5th century bc) is similar to the words of hippocrates but emphasizes wound cleanliness in the 13th century european surgeons such as lanfranc of milan guy de chauliac henri de mondeville and john of ardene made great progress and development of the surgical techniques