Cnut came away only with a promise of peace and friendship, rather than the guarantee of aid on land and sea that previous kings such as Edgar and others had obtained. Contemporary sources say that Malcolm was accompanied by one or two other kings, certainly future King Mac Bethad, and perhaps Echmarcach mac Ragnaill, King of Mann and the Isles, and of Galloway.Duncan, pp. 29–30. St. Olaf's Saga, c. 1031 says "two kings came south from Fife in Scotland" to meet Cnut, suggesting only Malcolm and Mac Bethad, and that Cnut returned their lands and gave them gifts. That Echmarcach was king of Galloway is perhaps doubtful; the Annals of Ulster record the death of Suibne mac Cináeda, rí Gall-Gáedel ("King of Galloway") by Tigernach, in 1034. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle remarks of the submission "but he [Malcolm] adhered to that for only a little while".ASC, Ms. D, s.a. 1031. Cnut was soon occupied in Norway against Olaf Haraldsson and appears to have had no further involvement with Scotland.
Cnut came away only with a promise of peace and friendship, rather than the guarantee of aid on land and sea that previous kings such as Edgar and others had obtained. Contemporary sources say that Malcolm was accompanied by one or two other kings, certainly future King Mac Bethad, and perhaps Echmarcach mac Ragnaill, King of Mann and the Isles, and of Galloway.Duncan, pp. 29–30. St. Olaf's Saga, c. 1031 says "two kings came south from Fife in Scotland" to meet Cnut, suggesting only Malcolm and Mac Bethad, and that Cnut returned their lands and gave them gifts. That Echmarcach was king of Galloway is perhaps doubtful; the Annals of Ulster record the death of Suibne mac Cináeda, rí Gall-Gáedel ("King of Galloway") by Tigernach, in 1034. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle remarks of the submission "but he [Malcolm] adhered to that for only a little while".ASC, Ms. D, s.a 1031. Cnut was soon occupied in Norway against Olaf Haraldsson and appears to have had no further involvement with Scotland.