Italian Peninsula January 12, 1848 – The Palermo rising erupts in Sicily, against the Bourbon kingdom of the Two Sicilies. March 22, 1848 – Republic of San Marco comes into existence in Venice. January 21, 1849 – General elections are held in the Papal States. February 8, 1849 – The new Roman Republic is proclaimed. April 27, 1849 – Giuseppe Garibaldi enters Rome to defend it from the French troops of General Oudinot. May 15, 1849 – Troops of the Two Sicilies take Palermo and crush the republican government of Sicily. July 3, 1849 – French troops occupy Rome; the Roman Republic surrenders.
Italian Peninsula January 12 1848 – The Palermo rising erupts in Sicily against the Bourbon kingdom of the Two Sicilies March 22 1848 – Republic of San Marco comes into existence in Venice January 21 1849 – General elections are held in the Papal States February 8 1849 – The new Roman Republic is proclaimed April 27 1849 – Giuseppe Garibaldi enters Rome to defend it from the French troops of General Oudinot May 15 1849 – Troops of the Two Sicilies take Palermo and crush the republican government of Sicily July 3 1849 – French troops occupy Rome; the Roman Republic surrenders