The border between the Russian and the Qing empires in the Irtysh basin was established along the line fairly similar to China's modern border with Russia and Kazakhstan by the Convention of Peking of 1860.Articles 2 and 3 in the Russian text of the treaty The actual border line pursuant to the convention was drawn by the Protocol of Chuguchak (1864), leaving Lake Zaysan on the Russian side.(See the map) The Qing empire's military presence in the Irtysh basin crumbled during the 1862–77 Dungan Revolt. After the fall of the rebellion and the reconquest of Xinjiang by Zuo Zongtang, the border between the Russian and the Qing empires in the Irtysh basin was further slightly readjusted, in Russia's favor, by the Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1881).
The border between the Russian and the Qing empires in the Irtysh basin was established along the line fairly similar to China's modern border with Russia and Kazakhstan by the Convention of Peking of 1860Articles 2 and 3 in the Russian text of the treaty The actual border line pursuant to the convention was drawn by the Protocol of Chuguchak (1864) leaving Lake Zaysan on the Russian side(See the map) The Qing empire's military presence in the Irtysh basin crumbled during the 1862–77 Dungan Revolt After the fall of the rebellion and the reconquest of Xinjiang by Zuo Zongtang the border between the Russian and the Qing empires in the Irtysh basin was further slightly readjusted in Russia's favor by the Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1881)