Researcher Darryl Leroux characterizes the Vermont Abenaki's claims of Abenaki ancestry as "race-shifting", arguing that genealogical and archival evidence shows that most members of the state-recognized tribes are descended from white French Canadians. Leroux found that only 2.2 percent of the Missisquoi Abenaki membership has Abenaki ancestry, with the rest of the organization's root ancestors being primarily French Canadian and migrating to Vermont in the mid-19th century. The Abenaki Nation of Missisquoi's shifting claims about its root ancestors as well as loose membership criteria are consistent with race-shifting patterns.
researcher darryl leroux characterizes the vermont abenaki's claims of abenaki ancestry as "race-shifting" arguing that genealogical and archival evidence shows that most members of the state-recognized tribes are descended from white french canadians leroux found that only 22 percent of the missisquoi abenaki membership has abenaki ancestry with the rest of the organization's root ancestors being primarily french canadian and migrating to vermont in the mid-19th century the abenaki nation of missisquoi's shifting claims about its root ancestors as well as loose membership criteria are consistent with race-shifting patterns