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# Cloud Economics—Unlock business value

Modern cloud economics means unlocking the business value of the cloud for enterprise mission-critical workloads. This is a C-suite’s guide to building and executing an enterprise cloud strategy that delivers the cloud’s full business value potential.

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[Download page as PDF](/tr/a/ocom/docs/cloud/modern-cloud-economics-by-oracle-insight.pdf)

### Modern Cloud Economics topics

- [What is cloud economics?](#what-is-cloud-economics)
- [Cloud adoption as a mandate](#mandate)
- [Challenges of adopting cloud in mission critical domains](#challenges)
- [Principles of Modern Cloud Economics](#principles)
- [Modern Cloud Economics enablers of OCI](#enablers)
- [Customer examples](#customer-examples)
- [The path forward](#path)
- [References](#references)
- [About Oracle Insight](#oracle-insight)

## What is cloud economics?

The current circumstances have accelerated the pace of digitization across every industry. In the ‘new normal’,
cloud adoption is no more bracketed as a technologically forward move for progressive enterprises. It has
become an imperative for all enterprises to survive, innovate and grow. And the interest and focus of cloud
adoption in enterprises are now steered towards mission critical domains as a next logical step in their digital
transformation journey.

Adopting cloud in mission critical domains is, however, proven to be challenging due to the requirements and
risks unique to these domains. Large majority of enterprises lack confidence that they have the right guiding
principles and capabilities to overcome challenges to achieve the expected value outcome. In absence of these
drivers for success, a decision to adopt cloud in mission critical still largely depends upon the will and risk appetite
of C-suite toward making trade-off between higher returns and higher risks. This suggests that adhering to the
generally accepted principles of cloud economics underpinning cloud's benefits and costs as well as risks and
returns advantages, is no longer adequate for enterprises to unlock full business value potential of cloud across
the broader business and functional domains.

The hyperscale cloud providers are not standing by in the sideline. Their second-generation cloud offerings are
being built to enable enterprises to apply the extended principles of cloud economics, that is, the **principles of**
**Modern Cloud Economics**, for addressing the unique requirements, challenges and concerns of adopting cloud
in mission critical. When applied in concert, these principles, and the associated enablers, can break the barriers
for cloud adoption in mission critical, thereby raising organizational capability to unlock full business value
potential of cloud across the enterprise.

Oracle’s second-generation cloud, Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI), has been recognized as the most mature
among such offerings in the market today, providing the enablers across all principles of Modern Cloud
Economics. OCI has been built ground-up by embedding these principles into the core designs of its technology,
operational, commercial and value management enablers; therefore, making a holistic adoption of cloud and
business value realization achievable.

Cloud is a business value creator, not a cost center, and the primary focus of cloud adoption in enterprises is on
achieving full business value potential created by cloud spend, instead of reducing the IT cost per year or month.
Achieving full business value potential of cloud for mission critical domains remains to be a challenging
undertaking for any enterprise. Success requires embracing the principles of Modern Cloud Economics and
shifting of the organization to new technology, operational and financial management practices, that is, the
practice of DevSecFinOps. Any enterprise cloud strategy encompassing mission critical, therefore, must adopt
these principles as a base framework for target operating model design. And the cloud sourcing strategy must
ensure the selection of cloud service provider offering the enablers across all principles of Modern Cloud
Economics.

## Cloud adoption as a mandate

The appetite for cloud adoption in enterprises is at an inflection point. Adopting cloud is no longer an option, but it is a mandate. And adopting cloud in mission critical domains is the next logical step for enterprises to gain competitiveness in the ‘new normal’.

In the last few years, enterprises have experimented with adopting cloud across the peripheral applications for team collaboration, back-office efficiency, and front-office enablement. Based on the proven benefits from this phase, C-suite is now looking at cloud as an enabler to answer many top-of-mind questions, such as:

- **Achieving greater cost efficiencies** by leveraging cloud’s variable cost and consumption-based model, built-in elasticity, and ability to lower unit cost through economies of scale;
- **Launching new services faster** to grow customer base, provide a personalized experience to take a larger share-of-wallet, and capture a larger market share;
- **Improving operational resilience** of business-critical applications;
- And **staying ahead** of ever rising cybersecurity risks and tightening regulations.

Technological advancements in cloud have also brought in nuanced capabilities to address a larger base of applications and workloads. In fact, the question of ‘on-premises vs. cloud’ is no longer relevant. Taking Oracle’s Dedicated Region Cloud at Customer offering as an example, enterprises now have an option to buy as-a-service and deploy a full public cloud region on-premises in their datacenters.

And then came the pandemic in 2020. The resulting ‘new normal’ has forced a step-change in digital acceleration with technology adoption leaping forward a few years in a time span of a few months1. This means the post COVID-19 world will likely pose an even starker divide between digital leaders and laggards. Enterprise technology demand has surged especially for cloud infrastructure, security and collaboration tools2 to respond to the disruptions caused by the pandemic—enabling remote workforce, scaling rapidly, amongst others. This coupled with the mandate to drive higher efficiency and effectiveness from ‘every dollar spent’, due to revenue headwinds, have forced enterprises to explore cloud adoption in a more holistic manner.

Today adopting cloud is no longer an option, but it is a mandate—over 70 percent of executives consider large-scale cloud adoption to be a strategic business decision for survival, innovation and competitive differentiation3.

**Exhibit 1: Adopting cloud is no longer an option, but it is a mandate**

Source: IDC

Over 70% of executives consider large-scale cloud adoption is a business decision

Factors accelerating cloud adoption:

- **Proven benefits** from adopting cloud
across the peripheral, non-mission
critical applications and workloads
- **Technological advancements in cloud** brought in nuanced capabilities to
address a larger base of applications and
workloads
- **Pandemic and the resulting ‘new normal’** forcing a step-change in digital
acceleration with technology adoption
leaping forward a few years in a time
span of a few months

But for many enterprises, approximately 60 percent or more of applications and workloads still remain on-premises4, and a majority of which is mission critical in nature, be it core banking, order processing, billing, product lifecycle management, supply chain management, enterprise resource planning, and many others. And because of their highly complex and monolithic architectures, these on-premises mission critical applications and workloads have kept cost of running the business high and rigid, and hamstrung the speed of digital transformation undertaking.

**Exhibit 2: 60% of workloads still remain on on-premises, and majority is mission critical**

Kept the RTB cost high and rigid, and hamstrung the speed of digital transformation

Source: IDC, Ovum, Logic Monitor

Characteristics:

- Majority is **mission critical** in nature e.g., core banking, order processing, billing, PLM, SCM, ERP, etc.
- **Highly complex and monolithic** architectures, keeping the RTB (Run The Business) cost high and rigid, and hamstrung the speed of digital transformation undertaking
- Have **many friction** to overcome for cloud migration e.g., interface dependencies, system scale and complexity, lack of technology currency, etc.

Therefore, enterprises are staring at a very real challenge to adopt cloud in mission critical domains in order to break structural cost rigidity as well as long innovation lead time in these domains and realize cloud’s full business value potential.

## Challenges of adopting cloud in mission critical domains

Adopting cloud in mission critical is, however, proven to be challenging for most enterprises due to the requirements and risks unique to these domains. Adhering to the generally accepted principles of cloud economics is no longer adequate to achieve the expected value outcome.

While cloud’s potential to unlock multi-dimensional business value is unquestionable, adopting cloud in mission
critical domains remains to be a challenging undertaking for many enterprises. Full value realization is proven to
be more challenging than originally expected. Today just 37 percent of enterprises has fully achieved their expected
value outcomes from cloud, basically holding steady from 35 percent in 20185. This stagnation may be because
many have not yet made serious attempts to adopt cloud in these domains – among those enterprises most affected
by the pandemic, only 30-40 percent plan to move new types of workload to the cloud through lift and shift,
decommission and replace on-premises with SaaS, refactor or rebuild6. But even those high cloud adopters seem
to be struggling, with over half reporting they have failed to achieve the expected business value from their large-scale cloud transformation initiatives5.

One reason for this is because enterprises are presented with not only far stringent requirements around service
levels (availability, performance, and manageability), security, data sovereignty and regulatory compliance, but also
real concerns over the risks of losing architectural, operational, and financial controls.

Examples of the voices heard from C-suite include:

### Loss of architectural control

- “Moving my mission critical system will make my architecture more complicated since I need to integrate
cloud with the surrounding subsystems still running on-premises.”
- “I will lose portability in the future. I will also lose openness to integrate with external ecosystem players.”

### Loss of operational control

- “I will expose my mission critical systems and data to the increased risk of non-authorized access, data theft, and data tampering.”
- “I will lose control over infrastructure operations. But I am still the one who has to bear the reputational damage and the financial burden when service level is not met.”

### Loss of financial control

- “My actual cost becomes unpredictable, and I will lose plannability of IT spend unless I restrict usage or
gain precise knowledge upfront about the usage requirements.”
- “I have invested so much to build and maintain what I have now on-premises. But the cloud provider does
not let me leverage my on-premises spend for the same system.”

Only 29 percent of enterprises have confidence that, in their cloud transformation initiatives, they have the right
guiding principles and capabilities to address concerns, overcome unexpected complications in migration, and
deliver the expected value with the expected speed5. In absence of these drivers for success, a decision to adopt
cloud in mission critical domains still largely depends upon the will and risk appetite of C-suite toward making tradeoffs between higher returns and higher risks.

**Exhibit 3: Achieving cloud outcome in mission critical is proven to be challenging**

Adhering to the generally accepted principles of cloud economics is no longer adequate

Source: Accenture

Barriers for cloud adoption in mission critical domains:

- More stringent requirements around
service levels (availability, performance,
and manageability), security, data
sovereignty and regulatory compliance
- Concerns over the risks of losing
architectural, operational, and financial
controls
- Decision to adopt cloud still largely
depends upon the will and risk appetite
of C-suite toward making trade-offs
between higher returns and higher risks

Achievement of cloud value outcomes stagnating at below 50%, with even “high
cloud adopters” struggling. Only 29% having confidence in their cloud initiatives (Figures are for 2020)

This suggests that adhering to the generally accepted principles of cloud economics underpinning cloud's benefits
and costs as well as risks and returns advantages, is no longer adequate for the enterprise to unlock full business
value potential of cloud across the broader business and functional domains.

## Principles of Modern Cloud Economics

Second-generation cloud is being built to enable enterprises to apply the principles of Modern Cloud Economics to mission critical domains, thereby raising organizational capability to unlock full business value potential of cloud across the enterprise.

The hyperscale cloud providers are not standing by in the sideline. Their second-generation cloud offerings are being built to enable enterprises apply the extended principles of cloud economics, that is, the principles of Modern Cloud Economics, for addressing the unique requirements, challenges and concerns of adopting cloud in mission critical domains.

So, what are the principles of Modern Cloud Economics? Before addressing this question, let’s set the baseline by recapping on the generally accepted principles of cloud economics.

The generally accepted principles of cloud economics have been helping enterprises change technology and business value management approach to be more real time, collaborative and outcome oriented. These principles leverage the management best practices like Lean, Agile and Design-to-Value, and although it can be granularized, it is summarized into the following:

- Right-size
- Optimize usage continuously
- Optimize rate continuously
- Create real time transparency on usage, costs and allocation
- Collaborate cross-functionally to drive decision by business value

By adhering to these principles, enterprises have been able to adopt fundamentally new ways of working, shifting to new technology, operational and financial management practices, and embedding new capabilities and a sense of accountability across the organization. Specifically, enterprises have been able to:

- Change forward-looking capacity planning and purchasing practice on guesstimated future demand to continuous usage and rate optimization practice based on real demand;
- Attach cloud spend to a business value, such as new accounts opened, orders fulfilled, shipments made, subscribers acquired, operational equipment utilization increased, etc., and change the nature of technology value conversation from reducing TCO (total cost of ownership of software, hardware, labors, and facilities and utilities) to increasing business value of time ownership;
- Move ownership and accountability of technology, operational and financial decision making out to the edge of the organization;
- Shift the focus of financial management from saving money to making money by managing cloud spend and value outcome based on ‘unit economics’, that is, business value per ‘each dollar spent’ for cloud now and in future—a paradigm shift from today’s prevailing practice of managing aggregate spend without linking to business value in quarterly and fiscal budget planning;
- And bring together executives, business users, development, operation, information security, finance, procurement and cloud service provider … the entire stakeholder community to collaborate frictionlessly using a common vocabulary of technology business management.

**Exhibit 4: Embrace the principles of Modern Cloud Economics (MCE)**

To break the barriers and unlock more business value from unit cloud spend

### Embrace the eleven principles of Modern Cloud Economics...

... to break down cost rigidity and long innovation lead time in mission critical domains and shift to a real-time cloud financial and value management based on ‘unit economics’

1\. Right-size on modern technology stack

2\. Optimize usage continuously

3\. Avoid bolting-on high availability, regulatory, and security measures

4\. Minimize frictions to ensure migration velocity

5\. Exploit infrastructure evolution as a catalyst for innovation

6\. Select machine-power over manpower for service assurance

7\. Delink data and network linear usage from cost

8\. Avoid service deployment lock-in

9\. Repurpose on-premises spend to acquire future cloud capabilities

10\. Create real time transparency on usage, costs, and allocation

11\. Collaborate cross-functionality to drive decision by business value

Now, to break the barriers for cloud adoption (in traditionally harder-to-touch and harder-to-move mission critical
domains) and replicate the aforementioned changes to make cloud adoption become truly transformative,
enterprises must embrace the principles of Modern Cloud Economics. Furthermore, enterprises must implement
the associated enablers of second-generation cloud.

So, let’s look into each principle of Modern Cloud Economics.

### Technology principles

Technology principles enable enterprises to apply the Design-to-Value and Lean management practices across the
end-to-end cloud deployment life cycle from planning to provisioning to optimization to recycling. Aligning to
technology principles help enterprises exploit the enablers of second-generation cloud, such as a wider range of
standardized service instance families and supported virtualization modes, higher consolidation density of
workload cores, vertical and horizontal auto-scaling, built-in high availability and security, etc.

The principles are the following:

**1\. Right-size on modern technology stack:** Many of on-premises mission critical systems lack technology
currency and have overprovisioned capacity statically provisioned for peak loads. Therefore, upon sizing
these mission critical systems toward cloud deployment, enterprises must use a modern technology stack
implemented in second-generation cloud as baseline for applying the right-sizing levers such as
consolidating core units, ‘variablizing’ core run-time hours, substituting aged technologies and products,
and auto-scaling between peak and off-peak.

**2\. Optimize usage continuously:** In cloud, ‘you only pay for what you use’ is actually a myth, not the truth.
You must pay for what you provision whether you actually use the provisioned instances or not. Therefore,
as a base economic principle of operating in the cloud, enterprises must adopt a practice of continuously
optimizing usage through removing, moving and resizing, such as terminating idle instances, removing
idle and orphaned storage volumes, moving archived data to a lower-cost storage service, downsizing
oversized instances, and changing the instance shape to the one matching the workload profile.

**3\. Avoid bolting-on high availability, regulatory and security measures:** To help prevent enterprises from
falling into many of the pitfalls that come from ‘bolting-on’ the required high availability, regulatory and
security measures in mission critical workloads, the second-generation cloud intentionally build-in high
availability, regulatory and defense-in-depth security enablers. These built-in enablers are continuously
enhanced based on the latest best practice designs and often provided with no additional costs by the
second-generation cloud provider like Oracle. This means enterprises no longer need to spend extra costs
for ‘bolting-on’ the necessary measures to, e.g., keep up with ever-rising regulatory requirements and
cybersecurity threats. Enterprises must, therefore, validate the maturity of built-in high availability,
regulatory and security enablers upon selecting a second-generation cloud provider for mission critical
domains.

### Operational principles

Operational principles enable enterprises to strike the optimal balance between human-led and machine-led tasks
in migration, service delivery and service operation.

The principles are the following:

**4\. Minimize frictions to ensure migration velocity:** Ensuring migration velocity is the first line of defense
against the risks of value leakage and ROI meltdown in migrating mission critical workloads to cloud. The
probability of unexpected problems, delay and failed migration are far higher in mission critical because of
the existence of many friction factors in on-premises baseline, such as interface dependencies, system scale
and complexity, and lack of technology currency. Enterprises must, therefore, leverage the zero-downtime
migration approach and factory-scale tools during the migration planning phase to identify and address
all friction factors prior to the migration execution phase.

**5\. Exploit infrastructure evolution as a catalyst for innovation:** Second-generation clouds natively
integrate platform capabilities such as streaming, data catalogue, data flow and many others, into a core
infrastructure technology stack, thereby allowing enterprises to leverage infrastructure as a catalyst to
drive business innovation faster. By exploiting infrastructure evolution as a platform for innovation,
enterprises no longer need to wait for IT to build necessary platform capabilities before being able to drive
innovation. Today, the needs and interests of enterprises for data-driven innovation are shifting to mission
critical core business domains. Therefore, instead of leveraging cloud infrastructure as a means only for
ensuring stability in service operations, enterprises must exploit the evolving capabilities of second-generation cloud infrastructure as a platform for innovative service delivery and business value.

**6\. Select machine-power over manpower for enterprise-grade service assurance:** The complexity, scale
and security requirements of today’s mission critical workloads are no longer manageable cost effectively
with human-led semi-automated operation. By leveraging built-in AI, Machine Learning and autonomous
capabilities of second-generation cloud, enterprises can reduce a major sources of cost rigidity in mission
critical domains, that is, high ‘cost of service assurance' i.e., maintenance and patching, enhancement
releases, incident detection, disaster recovery and problem resolution. Enterprises also gain ability to auto-maintain technology currency behind deployed cloud services. Therefore, especially for mission critical
domains, enterprises must shift from human-led semi-automated operation to machine-led autonomous
operation to elevate business continuity while minimizing total cost of service assurance.

### Commercial principles

Commercial principles enable enterprises to continuously leverage the optimal commercial frameworks of cloud
service provider, based on the changing usage profiles and deployment requirements, thereby de-risking
unexpected cost overruns as well as maximizing the combined financial productivity of on-premises licenses, annual
license support and cloud subscription.

The principles are the following:

**7\. Delink data and network linear usage from cost:** ‘Data-driven’ has become a critical requirement for
digitalizing mission critical business and enterprise domains. Exponential and distributed growth nature of
data and network usage can lead to unexpected cloud cost overrun due to increased usage. Enterprises
must, therefore, select a cloud service provider that offers commercial enablers delinking unpredictable
increases of data and network usage from cost and ensuring cost plannability and predictability.

**8\. Avoid service deployment lock-in:** In mission critical domains, enterprises must retain flexibility to move workloads from cloud back to on-premises deployment or public cloud to on-premises public/private cloud deployment in the event of post-migration issues or tightening data sovereignty requirements. In the event of sudden surge of load, enterprises must also attain agility in acquiring necessary cloud services and scalability without precise upfront knowledge of workload usage pattern. Enterprises must, therefore, select a cloud service provider offering a flexible and fungible commercial framework covering all deployment models and cloud services as well as month-by-month usage fluctuation.

**9\. Re-purpose on-premises spend to acquire future cloud capabilities:** In addition to the standard cloud rate optimization constructs, such as usage-based or time-based volume discount, custom pricing agreement, reservation and commitment, and Bring Your Own License (BYOL), some second-generation cloud providers like Oracle offer commercial constructs that offer substantial reductions in annual license support spends as a subsidy for future cloud capability acquisition. Enterprises must, therefore, leverage such commercial constructs smartly to maximize total financial productivity of on-premises spend and cloud subscription.

### Value Management principles

Value Management principles enable enterprises to adopt real-time cloud financial management based on ‘unit economics’, that is, measuring cloud spend against business value metrics and making better informed decisions with speed. Value Management principles also inculcate a culture of cross-functional collaboration as well as joint ownership and accountability over cloud financial management.

The principles are the following:

**10\. Create real time transparency on usage, costs and allocation** to create a fast feedback loop for continuous usage optimization. Enterprises must maintain visibility into fully loaded costs for operating in the cloud and ensure cloud financial management decisions are based on fully loaded costs mapped and allocated to costs centers, applications, business units, and functional lines of business. Additionally, through showback and chargeback mechanisms, enterprises must provide guide rails for business users to understand their portion of cloud costs and usage behind it, and take accountability over spend, usage and cost recovery.

**11\. Collaborate cross-functionally to drive decision by business value:** Cloud is a business value creator; not a cost center. Hence, the focus needs to be on increasing marginal benefit for ‘each dollar spent’ for cloud. To maintain this focus on maximizing the business value created by cloud spend, instead of minimizing the cost per year or month, cross-functional collaboration among executives, business units, IT, finance, procurement, and cloud service providers is critical. Therefore, enterprises must put in place the agreed-upon business value metrics for cloud usage and the cross-functional governance mechanism for driving decision based on the cost per business value metric.

The resulting effects of embracing these eleven principles of Modern Cloud Economics and implementing the associated enablers of second-generation cloud, would be:

- Breaking down cost rigidity and long innovation lead time in mission critical domains;
- Improving all dimensions of enterprise IT performance metrics, from efficiency and efficacy to cost of quality, time-to-market, resilience and unit economics;
- And raising organizational capability required to unlock cloud's full business value potential across the enterprise.

Depending on the amount of stranded capacity existing in on-premises workload(s) baseline, enterprises may also be able to reduce TCO. This, however, is secondary to the business value realization and continuous ‘unit economics’ improvement.

## Modern Cloud Economics enablers of Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI)

Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) is the most mature among the second-generation clouds in the market today, providing the enablers across all principles of Modern Cloud Economics.

While OCI provides competitive offerings to serve peripheral domains in the same way other hyperscale cloud providers do, what differentiates OCI is its unique capabilities to help enterprises break the barrier for cloud adoption in mission critical domains. This is because OCI has been built ground-up by embedding the principles of Modern Cloud Economics into the core designs of its technology, operational, commercial and value management enablers, therefore making a holistic adoption of cloud and business value realization achievable for the enterprises

### OCI enablers for technology principles

The architects of OCI have had a good understanding of the shortfalls of the first-generation clouds. They started
with a clean slate after gathering requirements from over 200 enterprises. The OCI end-result was based on
exceeding the demanding requirements expected by enterprises for deploying and operating their mission critical
workloads in cloud.

The following are the key ‘built from the ground up’ enablers comprising the OCI foundations:

**1\. Right-size on modern technology stack:**

- Simplified standard operating environments and shapes for Compute, Storage and Engineered
Systems to deliver the high value benefits of continuous technology refresh cycles and currency;
- Next-generation Network Fabric designed for high speed and extremely low latency. Comprising
over one million ports and Cluster Network implementation on top of it to achieve supercomputer
equivalent network speed/throughput (1.5 microsecond latency).

**2\. Optimize usage continuously:**

- Continuous enhancement of Cloud Advisor, a single interface providing a look into the health of
provisioned cloud resources and offering cost management and security recommendations, with the
benefits and the action steps, based on logic tuned to the specific enterprise needs and risk profile;
- Auto-Scaling to provide on demand horizontal and vertical scaling of Compute instances;
- Preemptible Instances behave the same as regular compute instances, but the capacity is reclaimed
when it's needed elsewhere, and the instances are terminated;
- Smart, granular service billing (e.g., per-second billing for Compute and Autonomous Database)
which allows continuous small adjustments in cloud usage to eliminate charges for idle usage.

**3\. Avoid bolting-on high availability, regulatory and security measures:**

- Separate and interoperable Fault and Availability Domains to deliver power, cooling, and network
connectivity that provides redundancy and eliminates parallel core infrastructure sources of failure;
- Segmented Virtual Cloud Networks and Resources across Fault and Availability Domains backed up
by separate, concurrently maintainable facility infrastructure to avoid business disruption by design;
- Secure by design with Off-Box Network Virtualization (instead of traditional server virtualization
approach) and Compartment segmentation within tenancy to achieve a complete virtualized network
separation of the control plane, the data plane and the management plane;
- Core to Edge’ defense-in-depth security mechanisms, augmented by policy-based user access to
ensure service, data, and compartment access protections which are ‘always on’ by default;
- Secure supply chain to ensure mission critical workloads run on reliable infrastructure and minimizes
risk of security breach at hardware level.

### OCI enablers for operational principles

OCI offers a range of operational enablers that help transform the operational practice while handling the highest
level of security and performance requirements for enterprise mission critical domains. These enablers allow OCI
to provide financially backed service level agreements (SLA) not only for availability but also for performance and
manageability. This level of SLA coverage and commitment is not offered today by any other cloud infrastructure
providers.

The key enablers are:

**4\. Minimize frictions to ensure migration velocity:**

- Continuous investment in Migration Factory tooling, such as Zero Downtime Migration, Oracle
Cloud VMware Workload Migration Service, and Cloud Manager for Oracle E-Business Suite, Siebel and
Peoplesoft, to minimize friction associated with migrating complex enterprise workloads and data to
fast-track migration outcomes;
- Oracle Cloud Lift Services in which a dedicated group of Oracle Cloud experts, specialized by
workload type (i.e., packaged Oracle applications, custom applications built on Oracle database and
middleware, Oracle Data Warehouse and Analytics, Exadata Cloud at Customer, VMware, High
Performance Computing workloads, Cloud Native applications), to assist from planning through go-live activities in weeks, thereby accelerating time to value from cloud migration.

**5\. Exploit infrastructure evolution as a catalyst for innovation:**

- Modular core platform services which can be assembled rapidly into technology platform solutions
like Data Mesh Architectures, that enable enterprises to deliver high value outcomes at speed to their
end customers.

**6\. Select machine-power over manpower for enterprise-grade service assurance:**

- Evolving Autonomous and Automation services, such as Autonomous Database, Autonomous
Linux, Terraform Resource Manager, to eliminate operations overhead and increase productivity and
focus on activities that deliver business value;
- Smart Security services such as Cloud Guard which detects misconfigured resources and insecure
activity across tenants and automatically remediate the identified security problems using security
recipes;
- Integrated Observability and Manageability platform for all telemetry (metrics, logs, traces)
enabling seamless traversal as well as AI and Machine Learning powered operational analysis of all
software components and data types deployed on applications, database and infrastructure across
OCI, other public clouds and on-premises.

### OCI enablers for commercial principles

OCI offers a range of commercial enablers to optimize rate, de-risk cost overruns and maximize financial
productivity across the investments in Oracle on-premises licenses and cloud subscriptions.

The key enablers are:

**7\. Delink data and network linear usage from cost:**

- Best price performance guarantee in the market across Compute, Network, Storage and Database.
This advantage is particularly stark in:
- Network: OCI’s outbound networking costs are lower than other hyperscale cloud providers and inbound networking service is free of cost;
- Database: OCI offers per-second billing model for Autonomous Database while other
providers offer per-hour billing model for database.

**8\. Avoid service deployment lock-in:**

- Universal Credits with Annual Flex Model offering true fungibility and flexibility of utilizing these
credits across any of the OCI services offered, instead of limiting the enterprises to an exact service
commitment which requires high level of predictability in the usage pattern.

**9\. Re-purpose on-premises license support spend to acquire future cloud capabilities:**

- Bring Your Own License (BYOL) pricing, at a fraction of the total price, for those enterprises already
owning Oracle database and middleware licenses;
- ULA-to-Cloud option for those enterprises on unlimited license agreements (ULA) with Oracle to
repurpose the license support spend into Universal Credits;
- Support Rewards to reduce enterprise license support that subsidizes costs of OCI Infrastructure and
Platform Cloud consumption; potentially, reducing license support costs to zero (depending on scale
of actual OCI usage).

### OCI enablers for value management principles

Oracle and its partners (e.g., Neos) offer a range of value management enablers that help link unit cloud spend to
a business value metric, thereby making cloud a driver for innovation, growth and competitive differentiation.

The key enablers are:

**10\. Create real time transparency on usage, costs and allocation:**

- Compartmentalization within a cloud tenancy which provides the ability to allocate cloud usage and
associated spend to compartment owners (project teams) within a single cloud tenancy (organization),
thereby driving accountability and informed decisions balancing cost, quality and speed;
- Self-serviced cloud economics management with fine grain instrumentation and measurement
combined with Compartments, Tags and Triggers as a foundation to empower enterprises to self-manage the capacity and economics of their tenancies and individual workloads, policies, and services;
- Unified Billing which reduces the risk of wasting committed Universal Credits spending by sharing a
single subscription with other linked tenancies and centrally managing cost and usage information
across multiple tenancies with a single invoice and OCI Console;
- Billing Extensions which allow multi-cloud management platforms to source, compile and manage
OCI usage and spend information through API and display a single-pane-of-glass view into cloud
usage, budget thresholds and organization hierarchy.

**11\. Collaborate cross-functionally to drive decision by business value:**

- Implementation of new cross-functional cloud financial and value management operating model
bringing together business units, finance and IT in the form of a central control tower or a cloud value
management board and cascading the agreed optimization actions to the edge of organization. For
those enterprises committed to implement with the OCI enablers, Oracle Insight Program can help
design the target cloud financial and value management operating model.

## Customer examples

More and more enterprises, around the globe, are migrating their mission critical workloads to OCI and
starting to achieve the expected business value of cloud and the ‘unit economics’ improvement.

Although still at a nascent stage considering the total addressable base of mission critical workloads, more and
more enterprises, around the globe, are migrating their mission critical workloads to OCI and starting to achieve the
expected business value of cloud and the ‘unit economics’ improvement. Some examples include:

- Scaling to meet surging demand for a cloud-based video conferencing solution, exceeding 20 million
monthly active users, while simultaneously saving 80 percent on Network outbound costs;
- Supporting 500,000 security events per second across 600,000 data sources for a cloud-based security
solution, while simultaneously reducing implementation time by ten times from 30 days to 3 days;
- Providing better user experience, performance and time-to-market for cloud-based engineering solution
suites, while achieving 25 percent 'unit economics' improvement;
- Improving operational resilience and business continuity of core mission critical retail applications
encompassing PLM (Product Lifecycle Management), Merchandizing and ERP, by making fail-over speed
thirty times faster from 10 minutes to 20 seconds.

Some of these enterprises have even migrated from the first-generation clouds, be it public cloud or private cloud, because of their limited offering for the Modern Cloud Economics enablers.

The leading IT solution provider in Asia is one of these enterprises who decided to leverage OCI for core business
growth, instead of continuing to maintain and enhance their own private cloud for it. The company has been
leveraging the OCI enablers of Modern Cloud Economics to drive the growth of their core managed service business
for domestic financial institution customers, that accounts for nearly half of their overall revenue. In evaluating the
several options for infrastructure modernization, the company has found selecting OCI as the best way forward.

Besides OCI’s ability to fulfill stringent service assurance requirements demanded by the domestic financial
institutions and the regulatory authority, the company has found a number of key built-in OCI enablers
(summarized below) that would help them embrace what they considered as the two most important principles of
Modern Cloud Economics: ‘Avoid bolting-on high availability, regulatory and security measures’; and ‘Minimize frictions to ensure migration velocity’. They’ve also realized that OCI, deployed as a dedicated on-premises public
cloud region by leveraging its Dedicated Region Cloud at Customer offering, would not introduce any unwanted
trade-offs around the loss of architectural, operational and financial controls for adopting cloud.

### Avoid bolting-on high availability, regulatory, and security measures

- Adherence to data sovereignty and global compliance certification requirements
- Support for SOC reporting requirement based on local security standards for financial service industry
- Resilience engineering best practices built-in by design, e.g., Off-box Network Virtualization, ‘Core to
Edge’ defense-in-depth security

### Minimize frictions to ensure migration velocity

- Tooling to enable friction-less workload migrations from various on-premises platforms, e.g., Zero
Downtime Migration, support for multiple virtualization modes (Native, Paravirtualized and Emulation)

### Eliminating risks of losing architectural, operational, and financial controls as a result of cloud adoption in mission critical

- Full replication of functionality and service levels of public cloud region to on-premises
- Separation of the control plane, the data plane and the management plane
- Control and flexibility in deciding the timing of applying patches and security fixes
- Retention of cloud cost plannability and predictability.

But above all else, what eventually pushed them forward was a growing realization of the shifting source of
competitive differentiation for their core business. That is, their own recognition that their source of competitive
differentiation is no longer about building and maintaining infrastructure on their own. They realized that it would
be better off to leverage OCI since its built-in enablers were far more advanced than what they could bolt-on.

## The path forward

To unlock business value of cloud for mission critical, enterprises must embrace the principles of Modern
Cloud Economics as a base framework for target operating model design and select the cloud service provider
offering the enablers across all principles.

Cloud is a business value creator, not a cost center, and the primary focus of cloud adoption in enterprises is on
achieving full business value potential created by cloud spend, instead of reducing the IT cost per year or month.
Achieving full business value potential of cloud for mission critical domains remains to be a challenging undertaking
for any enterprise. Success requires embracing the principles of Modern Cloud Economics and shifting of the
organization to new technology, operational and financial management practices, that is, the practice of
DevSecFinOps. The resulting effect would be:

- Breaking down cost rigidity and long innovation lead time in mission critical domains;
- Improving all dimensions of enterprise IT performance metrics, from efficiency and efficacy to cost of
quality, time-to-market, resilience and unit economics;
- And raising organizational capability required to unlock cloud's full business value potential across the
enterprise.

Any enterprise cloud strategy encompassing mission critical, therefore, must adopt these principles as a base
framework for target operating model design. And the cloud sourcing strategy must ensure the selection of cloud
service provider offering the enablers across all principles of Modern Cloud Economics.

## References

1\. McKinsey & Company, “How COVID-19 has pushed companies over the technology tipping point and transformed business forever, October 2020; Harvey Nash & KPMG, CIO Survey 2020

2\. Bain & Company, “Lockdowns Spike Spending on Collaboration and Software Tools”, June 2020

3\. IDC, “U.S. Businesses Become Future-Ready with Large-Scale Cloud”, January 2021

4\. IDC, Ovum, Logic Monitor

5\. Accenture, Cloud Outcomes Research 2020

6\. Bain & Company, “The Pandemic Isn’t Boosting Cloud Spending”, August 2020

## About Oracle Insight

Oracle Insight is an executive engagement and business value advisory team in Oracle. The team comprises of enterprise strategists with points of view and expertise in the leading and emerging technology business management practices. The team directly engage customer C-suite to identify unmet needs, paint the future state, identify what matters to move the needle, and jointly define a roadmap to achieve the expected business value from technology investments.

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