22. A method for processing data, said method comprising steps of: (a) encoding a subvector of a first vector into a code; (b) evaluating a code deviation vector that is the deviation of a code from a code average; (c) evaluating a product of a weighted sum of a component of a code deviation accumulation vector and an entry of a code covariance matrix, a masking factor, and a component of a code deviation vector; (d) evaluating a sum of products obtained by said step of evaluating a product; and (e) using at least a sum of products obtained by said step of evaluating a sum to evaluate a representation of an empirical probability distribution of a component of a label of said first vector.
22. A method for processing data, said method comprising steps of: (a) encoding a subvector of a first vector into a code; (b) evaluating a code deviation vector that is the deviation of a code from a code average; (c) evaluating a product of a weighted sum of a component of a code deviation accumulation vector and an entry of a code covariance matrix, a masking factor, and a component of a code deviation vector; (d) evaluating a sum of products obtained by said step of evaluating a product; and (e) using at least a sum of products obtained by said step of evaluating a sum to evaluate a representation of an empirical probability distribution of a component of a label of said first vector. 23. The method of claim 22 , wherein a weighted sum of a component of a code deviation accumulation vector and an entry of a code covariance matrix is a component of a code deviation accumulation vector.