7. A method of semantic analysis of documents, comprising: constructing a structural n-ary tree from a breakdown of a document which is to be analyzed into an ordered series of verbal entities and structural and/or semantic constraints, the structural n-ary tree comprising a root node formed by a primary, governing verbal entity and structures formed by a secondary subordinate verbal entity and attached either directly or indirectly to the root node by a link having at least one connectional characteristic, a secondary subordinate verbal entity being in turn capable of becoming a governing verbal entity, determining, at least from the structural n-ary tree and structural and semantic data, the categorizing entities of an object type and activity type activated by certain nodes of the n-ary tree, for constructing a semantic tree provided with principal nodes consisting of the object and activity categorizing entities and linked by semantic relations arising from the connectional characteristics of the n-ary tree and associated with attributes that are a function of the characteristics of other nodes of the n-ary tree and their respective links; wherein before constructing an n-ary tree a structural binary tree is constructed based on the document breakdown into an ordered series of verbal entities and structural and/or semantic constraints, the structural binary tree comprising leaves, each associated with a verbal entity in the series and constituting one of two son nodes attached to a father node, and a root node, constituting a father node and associated with all or some of the verbal entities in the series, and in that each n-ary tree is constructed from a structural binary tree.
7. A method of semantic analysis of documents, comprising: constructing a structural n-ary tree from a breakdown of a document which is to be analyzed into an ordered series of verbal entities and structural and/or semantic constraints, the structural n-ary tree comprising a root node formed by a primary, governing verbal entity and structures formed by a secondary subordinate verbal entity and attached either directly or indirectly to the root node by a link having at least one connectional characteristic, a secondary subordinate verbal entity being in turn capable of becoming a governing verbal entity, determining, at least from the structural n-ary tree and structural and semantic data, the categorizing entities of an object type and activity type activated by certain nodes of the n-ary tree, for constructing a semantic tree provided with principal nodes consisting of the object and activity categorizing entities and linked by semantic relations arising from the connectional characteristics of the n-ary tree and associated with attributes that are a function of the characteristics of other nodes of the n-ary tree and their respective links; wherein before constructing an n-ary tree a structural binary tree is constructed based on the document breakdown into an ordered series of verbal entities and structural and/or semantic constraints, the structural binary tree comprising leaves, each associated with a verbal entity in the series and constituting one of two son nodes attached to a father node, and a root node, constituting a father node and associated with all or some of the verbal entities in the series, and in that each n-ary tree is constructed from a structural binary tree. 9. Method according to claim 7 , wherein the semantic compatibility relations between principal nodes of the object type and/or principal nodes of the activity type of at least one semantic tree are determined.