1. A computer system for performing a method for recognition of speech by non-native speakers, the computer system comprising: a database storing a universal table of sounds and a plurality of language-specific tables of sounds, each of the plurality of language-specific tables corresponding to a different language from a group of predetermined languages, wherein the universal table of sounds and each of the language-specific tables of sounds are arranged such that similar sounds are located proximate each other in the respective table, and wherein locations in each of the language-specific tables of sounds corresponding to sounds that are not pronounced in the associated language are marked as missing the corresponding sound; at least one input to receive an audio signal derived from a speaker speaking in a language not native to the speaker; and at least one computer coupled to the input to receive the audio signal and capable of accessing the database, the at least one computer programmed to perform: matching at least a portion of the audio signal against an acoustic model to, at least in part, to generate a first plurality of sounds corresponding to at least the portion of the audio signal; identifying, for at least one given sound in the first plurality of sounds, at least one substitute sound in the universal table of sounds indicated as missing in at least one language-specific table of sounds, the at least one substitute sound being located proximate the at least one given sound; substituting, for each one of the at least one substitute sounds, the one of the substitute sounds for the at least one given sound to form a respective second plurality of sounds; generating a confidence score for the first plurality of sounds and for each of the second plurality of sounds; and selecting a preferred plurality of sounds from the first plurality of sounds and the second plurality of sounds based, at least in part, on the corresponding confidence score; and recognizing the portion of the speech signal based, at least in part, on the preferred plurality of sounds.
1. A computer system for performing a method for recognition of speech by non-native speakers, the computer system comprising: a database storing a universal table of sounds and a plurality of language-specific tables of sounds, each of the plurality of language-specific tables corresponding to a different language from a group of predetermined languages, wherein the universal table of sounds and each of the language-specific tables of sounds are arranged such that similar sounds are located proximate each other in the respective table, and wherein locations in each of the language-specific tables of sounds corresponding to sounds that are not pronounced in the associated language are marked as missing the corresponding sound; at least one input to receive an audio signal derived from a speaker speaking in a language not native to the speaker; and at least one computer coupled to the input to receive the audio signal and capable of accessing the database, the at least one computer programmed to perform: matching at least a portion of the audio signal against an acoustic model to, at least in part, to generate a first plurality of sounds corresponding to at least the portion of the audio signal; identifying, for at least one given sound in the first plurality of sounds, at least one substitute sound in the universal table of sounds indicated as missing in at least one language-specific table of sounds, the at least one substitute sound being located proximate the at least one given sound; substituting, for each one of the at least one substitute sounds, the one of the substitute sounds for the at least one given sound to form a respective second plurality of sounds; generating a confidence score for the first plurality of sounds and for each of the second plurality of sounds; and selecting a preferred plurality of sounds from the first plurality of sounds and the second plurality of sounds based, at least in part, on the corresponding confidence score; and recognizing the portion of the speech signal based, at least in part, on the preferred plurality of sounds. 3. The computer system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one computer is further programmed to perform updating a pronunciation dictionary with the language-specific table associated with the returned substitution during recognition of a first speaker providing the audio signal and reverting to a default pronunciation dictionary for a second speaker different from the first speaker.