23. A video encoding device comprising: one or more storage media configured to store video data and one or more processors configured to: generate an ordered set of one or more reference picture list modification (RPLM) syntax elements, wherein for each respective RPLM syntax element in the ordered set of RPLM syntax elements: when the respective RPLM syntax element is a last RPLM syntax element in the ordered set of RPLM syntax elements, the respective RPLM syntax element has a particular value, when the respective RPLM syntax element does not have the particular value, the respective RPLM syntax element indicates that a final version of a reference picture list includes, at an insertion position for the respective RPLM syntax element, a particular reference picture, wherein the respective RPLM syntax element indicates a position, within an initial version of the reference picture list, of the particular reference picture, and wherein the insertion position for the respective RPLM syntax element corresponds to a position in the ordered set of RPLM syntax elements of the respective RPLM syntax element; and generate a bitstream for the video data, the bitstream including the ordered set of one or more RPLM syntax elements.
23. A video encoding device comprising: one or more storage media configured to store video data and one or more processors configured to: generate an ordered set of one or more reference picture list modification (RPLM) syntax elements, wherein for each respective RPLM syntax element in the ordered set of RPLM syntax elements: when the respective RPLM syntax element is a last RPLM syntax element in the ordered set of RPLM syntax elements, the respective RPLM syntax element has a particular value, when the respective RPLM syntax element does not have the particular value, the respective RPLM syntax element indicates that a final version of a reference picture list includes, at an insertion position for the respective RPLM syntax element, a particular reference picture, wherein the respective RPLM syntax element indicates a position, within an initial version of the reference picture list, of the particular reference picture, and wherein the insertion position for the respective RPLM syntax element corresponds to a position in the ordered set of RPLM syntax elements of the respective RPLM syntax element; and generate a bitstream for the video data, the bitstream including the ordered set of one or more RPLM syntax elements. 24. The video encoding device of claim 23 , wherein: wherein a current picture is associated with a first reference picture set (RPS) subset, a second RPS subset, and a third RPS subset, wherein the first RPS subset includes short-term reference pictures that occur before the current picture in output order and are used for reference by the current picture, the second RPS subset includes short-term reference pictures that occur after the current picture in output order and are used for reference by the current picture, the third RPS subset includes long-term reference pictures used for reference by the current picture; and the particular value is equal to a total number of reference pictures in a set of reference pictures that includes the first, second, and third RPS subsets.