17. An apparatus comprising: a processor; and a generator, operated by the processor and adapted to receive a first collection of documents and/or objects determined by a first process to be relevant to a keyword, wherein the first process comprises searching a multiplicity of documents and/or objects, process the collection of documents and/or objects to extract one or more keyword characterizations from within at least one of the documents and/or objects of the first collection, and receive a second collection of documents and/or objects determined by a second process to be relevant to the one or more keyword characterizations, wherein the second process comprises using the one or more keyword characterizations as proxies for the keyword; wherein said process the collection of documents and/or objects comprises generation of a spectrum of n-grams to characterize the one or more keywords, where n is an integer equal to or greater than 1.
17. An apparatus comprising: a processor; and a generator, operated by the processor and adapted to receive a first collection of documents and/or objects determined by a first process to be relevant to a keyword, wherein the first process comprises searching a multiplicity of documents and/or objects, process the collection of documents and/or objects to extract one or more keyword characterizations from within at least one of the documents and/or objects of the first collection, and receive a second collection of documents and/or objects determined by a second process to be relevant to the one or more keyword characterizations, wherein the second process comprises using the one or more keyword characterizations as proxies for the keyword; wherein said process the collection of documents and/or objects comprises generation of a spectrum of n-grams to characterize the one or more keywords, where n is an integer equal to or greater than 1. 24. The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the apparatus further comprises a search engine adapted to find one or more advertisements, based at least on the one or more keyword characterizations to be used as proxies for the keyword.