10. A method implemented on a computer comprising a processor, the method comprising: receiving a text content containing text; tokenizing the text content into a plurality of terms each comprising an element selected from the group of elements consisting at least of a word, a phrase, a sentence, a paragraph; identifying a first term in the text content; identifying, in at least a portion of the text content, a second term, wherein the portion of the text content contains the first term or is grammatically or semantically associated with the first term; identifying a first grammatical attribute associated with the second term, or identifying a first semantic attribute associated with the second term; selecting the second term as a term related to the first term based at least on the first grammatical attribute or the first semantic attribute; marking the first term for use as a first-level entity in a hierarchical format, and marking the second term for use as a second-level entity in the hierarchical format, wherein the second-level entity is marked as an element under or subordinate to the first-level entity; and outputting the first term and the second term to be used for at least providing a relational or hierarchical representation of the informational elements in the text content; when the first term is used to represent a first-level category node, and the second term is used to represent a second-level category node or the content of the first-level category, an embodiment format of at least one of the category nodes includes a text element, a folder or a directory, or a link name associated with the linked contents on a device selected from the group of devices consisting at least of a computer file system, an email system, a web-based or cloud-based system, a mobile or handheld computing or communication device; when the first term and the second term are displayed, a display format comprises at least representing the first term as a topic or information focus in the text content, and the second term as a comment or attribute associated with the topic or the information focus; or representing the first term as a folder or directory in an electronic content management system, and the second term as a sub-folder or sub-directory in the electronic content management system; when the text content or the first term is made searchable using a query or is associated with a search index to produce a search result, a display format of the search result comprises the first term with one or more of its corresponding second terms if the first term matches a keyword in the search query.
10. A method implemented on a computer comprising a processor, the method comprising: receiving a text content containing text; tokenizing the text content into a plurality of terms each comprising an element selected from the group of elements consisting at least of a word, a phrase, a sentence, a paragraph; identifying a first term in the text content; identifying, in at least a portion of the text content, a second term, wherein the portion of the text content contains the first term or is grammatically or semantically associated with the first term; identifying a first grammatical attribute associated with the second term, or identifying a first semantic attribute associated with the second term; selecting the second term as a term related to the first term based at least on the first grammatical attribute or the first semantic attribute; marking the first term for use as a first-level entity in a hierarchical format, and marking the second term for use as a second-level entity in the hierarchical format, wherein the second-level entity is marked as an element under or subordinate to the first-level entity; and outputting the first term and the second term to be used for at least providing a relational or hierarchical representation of the informational elements in the text content; when the first term is used to represent a first-level category node, and the second term is used to represent a second-level category node or the content of the first-level category, an embodiment format of at least one of the category nodes includes a text element, a folder or a directory, or a link name associated with the linked contents on a device selected from the group of devices consisting at least of a computer file system, an email system, a web-based or cloud-based system, a mobile or handheld computing or communication device; when the first term and the second term are displayed, a display format comprises at least representing the first term as a topic or information focus in the text content, and the second term as a comment or attribute associated with the topic or the information focus; or representing the first term as a folder or directory in an electronic content management system, and the second term as a sub-folder or sub-directory in the electronic content management system; when the text content or the first term is made searchable using a query or is associated with a search index to produce a search result, a display format of the search result comprises the first term with one or more of its corresponding second terms if the first term matches a keyword in the search query. 13. The method of claim 10 , further comprising: comparing the first term and the second term, and selecting the second term if the second term is different from the first term.