7. A method for decoding a significance map, the method comprising: extracting, from a data stream, the significance map indicating positions of significant transform coefficients within a transform coefficient block, wherein, said extracting the significance map includes extracting first-type syntax elements and second-type syntax elements from the data stream based on context-adaptive entropy decoding, the first-type syntax elements indicating, for associated positions within the transform coefficient block, whether at each respective associated position a significant transform coefficient is present and each of the second-type syntax elements relates to a value of the significant transform coefficient at a respective associated position within the transform coefficient block; and associating the extracted first-type syntax elements to the positions of the transform coefficient block in a scan order, wherein, in context-adaptively entropy decoding the first-type syntax elements, contexts are used which are selected for each of the first-type syntax elements, wherein the context for a current first-type syntax element being decoded is selected in accordance with a combination of the scan order and a number of positions of the significant transform coefficients within the transform coefficient block related to previously extracted first-type syntax elements in a neighborhood of the current first-type syntax element.
7. A method for decoding a significance map, the method comprising: extracting, from a data stream, the significance map indicating positions of significant transform coefficients within a transform coefficient block, wherein, said extracting the significance map includes extracting first-type syntax elements and second-type syntax elements from the data stream based on context-adaptive entropy decoding, the first-type syntax elements indicating, for associated positions within the transform coefficient block, whether at each respective associated position a significant transform coefficient is present and each of the second-type syntax elements relates to a value of the significant transform coefficient at a respective associated position within the transform coefficient block; and associating the extracted first-type syntax elements to the positions of the transform coefficient block in a scan order, wherein, in context-adaptively entropy decoding the first-type syntax elements, contexts are used which are selected for each of the first-type syntax elements, wherein the context for a current first-type syntax element being decoded is selected in accordance with a combination of the scan order and a number of positions of the significant transform coefficients within the transform coefficient block related to previously extracted first-type syntax elements in a neighborhood of the current first-type syntax element. 11. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the data stream comprises at least a portion associated with depth values related to a depth map.