7. A system for adaptive similarity search resolution in a data deduplication system of a computing environment, the system comprising: the data deduplication system; a repository operating in the data deduplication system; a memory in the data deduplication system; a similarity search structure in association with the memory in the data deduplication system; and at least one processor device operable in the computing storage environment for controlling the data deduplication system, wherein the at least one processor device: partitions input data into input data chunks, the input data chunks each being at least 4 Megabytes (MB) in size, calculates input similarity elements for an input chunk; uses the input similarity elements to find similar data in a repository of data using the similarity search structure, calculates a resolution level for storing the input similarity elements, the resolution level comprising a number of the input similarity elements in relation to a size of the input chunk, stores the input similarity elements in the calculated resolution level in the similarity search structure, deduplicates the input chunk with the found similar data in the repository of data using the input similarity units in the calculated resolution level; calculates the resolution level for storing the input similarity elements based on calculated sets of similarity element matches and on a calculated deduplication ratio, the deduplication ratio defined as a total size of the input data covered by matches with repository data out of the total size of the input data; and decreases the resolution level of the stored input similarity elements if an aggregated deduplication ratio is not lower than a predefined threshold and an average size of the calculated sets of similarity element matches is not lower than two and a current resolution level is higher than a lowest resolution level.
7. A system for adaptive similarity search resolution in a data deduplication system of a computing environment, the system comprising: the data deduplication system; a repository operating in the data deduplication system; a memory in the data deduplication system; a similarity search structure in association with the memory in the data deduplication system; and at least one processor device operable in the computing storage environment for controlling the data deduplication system, wherein the at least one processor device: partitions input data into input data chunks, the input data chunks each being at least 4 Megabytes (MB) in size, calculates input similarity elements for an input chunk; uses the input similarity elements to find similar data in a repository of data using the similarity search structure, calculates a resolution level for storing the input similarity elements, the resolution level comprising a number of the input similarity elements in relation to a size of the input chunk, stores the input similarity elements in the calculated resolution level in the similarity search structure, deduplicates the input chunk with the found similar data in the repository of data using the input similarity units in the calculated resolution level; calculates the resolution level for storing the input similarity elements based on calculated sets of similarity element matches and on a calculated deduplication ratio, the deduplication ratio defined as a total size of the input data covered by matches with repository data out of the total size of the input data; and decreases the resolution level of the stored input similarity elements if an aggregated deduplication ratio is not lower than a predefined threshold and an average size of the calculated sets of similarity element matches is not lower than two and a current resolution level is higher than a lowest resolution level. 9. The system of claim 7 , wherein the at least one processor device performs one of calculating an average size of the calculated sets of similarity element matches, and using the average size to determine the resolution level for storing the input similarity elements.