8. A non-transitory computer usable storage medium having computer usable program product encoded thereon for performing analysis on a plurality of data stored in a database, the computer program product including: computer usable program code for generating a first cohort from the plurality of data; computer usable program code for generating an optimal control cohort from the plurality of data, wherein generating is performed based on the first cohort and at least one constraint, and wherein a mathematical process is used to derive the optimal control cohort; computer usable program code for generating a first inference based on a comparison of the first cohort to the optimal control cohort, wherein the first inference is absent from the database; and storing the first inference; computer usable program code for receiving an I th query at the database regarding an I th fact, wherein I is an integer reflecting how many times a recursion process has been conducted, wherein the I th fact becomes a compound fact that includes multiple sub-facts on a subsequent iteration of the recursion process; computer usable program code for establishing the I th fact as a frame of reference for the I th query based on the first cohort and based on the optimal control cohort; computer usable program code for applying an I th set of rules to the I th query, wherein the I th set of rules is determined for the I th query according to a J th set of rules, wherein J is equal to I−1, wherein the I th set of rules determines how the plurality of data are to be compared to the I th fact, and wherein the first set of rules determines an I th search space for the I th query; computer usable program code for executing the I th query to generate a second inference, wherein the second inference is determined from comparing the plurality of data according to the I th set of rules; storing the second inference; and evaluating a hypothesis within a research study based on the first cohort, the optimal control cohort, the first inference, and the second inference.
8. A non-transitory computer usable storage medium having computer usable program product encoded thereon for performing analysis on a plurality of data stored in a database, the computer program product including: computer usable program code for generating a first cohort from the plurality of data; computer usable program code for generating an optimal control cohort from the plurality of data, wherein generating is performed based on the first cohort and at least one constraint, and wherein a mathematical process is used to derive the optimal control cohort; computer usable program code for generating a first inference based on a comparison of the first cohort to the optimal control cohort, wherein the first inference is absent from the database; and storing the first inference; computer usable program code for receiving an I th query at the database regarding an I th fact, wherein I is an integer reflecting how many times a recursion process has been conducted, wherein the I th fact becomes a compound fact that includes multiple sub-facts on a subsequent iteration of the recursion process; computer usable program code for establishing the I th fact as a frame of reference for the I th query based on the first cohort and based on the optimal control cohort; computer usable program code for applying an I th set of rules to the I th query, wherein the I th set of rules is determined for the I th query according to a J th set of rules, wherein J is equal to I−1, wherein the I th set of rules determines how the plurality of data are to be compared to the I th fact, and wherein the first set of rules determines an I th search space for the I th query; computer usable program code for executing the I th query to generate a second inference, wherein the second inference is determined from comparing the plurality of data according to the I th set of rules; storing the second inference; and evaluating a hypothesis within a research study based on the first cohort, the optimal control cohort, the first inference, and the second inference. 11. The computer usable medium of claim 8 wherein the first inference further comprises a probability of the first inference being correct.