20. An apparatus for enabling interoperability between a plurality of participants in a network, the apparatus comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors configured: to determine a value associated with a value metric defined for at least a portion of the network; to determine two or more alternative information flows between two or more of the plurality of participants in the network based at least in part on one or more semantic models corresponding to the plurality of participants and on the value associated with the value metric, wherein the one or more semantic models define inputs, outputs, and functionality for each of the plurality of participants and define at least a portion of information produced or consumed by the plurality of participants; and to optimize an overall value of the network by selecting combinations of said alternative information flows for at least one portion of the network in order to satisfy consumers of information.
20. An apparatus for enabling interoperability between a plurality of participants in a network, the apparatus comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors configured: to determine a value associated with a value metric defined for at least a portion of the network; to determine two or more alternative information flows between two or more of the plurality of participants in the network based at least in part on one or more semantic models corresponding to the plurality of participants and on the value associated with the value metric, wherein the one or more semantic models define inputs, outputs, and functionality for each of the plurality of participants and define at least a portion of information produced or consumed by the plurality of participants; and to optimize an overall value of the network by selecting combinations of said alternative information flows for at least one portion of the network in order to satisfy consumers of information. 30. The apparatus of claim 20 , wherein one or more of the participants produce a low level metric, and wherein the one or more processors are further configured, when determining the value, to use the low level metric when determining the value.