19. A computer-readable storage medium for storing computer readable instructions, the computer-readable instructions providing a probabilistic program generation system which produces a desired output item from one or more input items using input-output examples when executed by one or more processing devices, the computer-readable instructions comprising: parsing logic configured to receive input-output examples, each input-output example providing one or more input items and a corresponding desired output item, and to parse the input items and the output items to produce a weighted set of parses, each weighted parse representing a different potential parsing of each input and output item weighted in accordance with a measure of the likelihood the parsing is a valid parsing based on a comparison to a library of parses; transformation logic configured to, for each input-output example, identify one or more transforms of a type that can produce the desired output item from the input items; formatting logic configured to identify formatting instructions which are capable of formatting an output item so as to match the formatting of the desired output item of a input-output example; generating logic configured to generate a probabilistic program which given one or more input items of a same type as the input items of the input-output examples, employs the identified transforms and the formatting instructions, to produce an output item corresponding to the one or more input items; and execution logic configured to receive one or more input items of the same type as the input items of the input-output examples, and produce an output item corresponding to the received input item using the generated probabilistic program.
19. A computer-readable storage medium for storing computer readable instructions, the computer-readable instructions providing a probabilistic program generation system which produces a desired output item from one or more input items using input-output examples when executed by one or more processing devices, the computer-readable instructions comprising: parsing logic configured to receive input-output examples, each input-output example providing one or more input items and a corresponding desired output item, and to parse the input items and the output items to produce a weighted set of parses, each weighted parse representing a different potential parsing of each input and output item weighted in accordance with a measure of the likelihood the parsing is a valid parsing based on a comparison to a library of parses; transformation logic configured to, for each input-output example, identify one or more transforms of a type that can produce the desired output item from the input items; formatting logic configured to identify formatting instructions which are capable of formatting an output item so as to match the formatting of the desired output item of a input-output example; generating logic configured to generate a probabilistic program which given one or more input items of a same type as the input items of the input-output examples, employs the identified transforms and the formatting instructions, to produce an output item corresponding to the one or more input items; and execution logic configured to receive one or more input items of the same type as the input items of the input-output examples, and produce an output item corresponding to the received input item using the generated probabilistic program. 20. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 19 , wherein the transformation logic identifies transforms that apply at least one of arithmetic computations, or round-off computations, or lookup table computations, or computer network-based computations, to the input items to produce the desired output item.