13. A method for automatic transliteration of a record in a first language to a word in a second language, which involves the following: receiving a sequence of signals, each of which encodes the corresponding character in the record in the first language to be transliterated, and saving the said received signal sequence to memory; during stepwise analysis of the signals from the start to the end of the saved signal sequence, finding all transliteration rules for the character being analyzed or character group starting with the character being analyzed, in the record in the first language to be transliterated, by looking up in the appropriate rule base created in advance; complementing all the transliteration variants obtained at the previous step with characters of the second language from each transliteration rule found at the given step, thus obtaining at the given step composite variants of transliteration associated with this step or with one of the subsequent steps; at each step, comparing each of the aforementioned composite transliteration variants obtained at the given step against starting segments of words in the second language, by looking up in the created base of starting segments of words in the second language, and if a particular transliteration variant associated with the given step matches a starting segment of a word in the second language, retaining this transliteration variant for analysis in subsequent steps; on completion of the last step of the analysis, accepting at least one transliteration variant in the second language associated with the last step as the transliteration result of the said record in the first language; creating a sequence of signals, each of which encodes the corresponding character in the resulting transliterated word of the second language; wherein the said base of starting segments of words in the second language is created directly during the said comparison, from chains no longer than “m” characters, which chains are obtained from actual words of the second language, and the said starting segments of words in the second language are created by mapping the said chains with a shift by one character, wherein m>1 is an integer pre-selected for the second language; during this process, the occurrence frequency in the second language is determined for each of the said chains, and the chains with occurrence frequency below a preset limit are removed.
13. A method for automatic transliteration of a record in a first language to a word in a second language, which involves the following: receiving a sequence of signals, each of which encodes the corresponding character in the record in the first language to be transliterated, and saving the said received signal sequence to memory; during stepwise analysis of the signals from the start to the end of the saved signal sequence, finding all transliteration rules for the character being analyzed or character group starting with the character being analyzed, in the record in the first language to be transliterated, by looking up in the appropriate rule base created in advance; complementing all the transliteration variants obtained at the previous step with characters of the second language from each transliteration rule found at the given step, thus obtaining at the given step composite variants of transliteration associated with this step or with one of the subsequent steps; at each step, comparing each of the aforementioned composite transliteration variants obtained at the given step against starting segments of words in the second language, by looking up in the created base of starting segments of words in the second language, and if a particular transliteration variant associated with the given step matches a starting segment of a word in the second language, retaining this transliteration variant for analysis in subsequent steps; on completion of the last step of the analysis, accepting at least one transliteration variant in the second language associated with the last step as the transliteration result of the said record in the first language; creating a sequence of signals, each of which encodes the corresponding character in the resulting transliterated word of the second language; wherein the said base of starting segments of words in the second language is created directly during the said comparison, from chains no longer than “m” characters, which chains are obtained from actual words of the second language, and the said starting segments of words in the second language are created by mapping the said chains with a shift by one character, wherein m>1 is an integer pre-selected for the second language; during this process, the occurrence frequency in the second language is determined for each of the said chains, and the chains with occurrence frequency below a preset limit are removed. 18. The method of claim 13 , wherein in the case that the transliteration variant comprising “k” said chains is compared to a transliteration variant comprising “q” said chains, where “k” and “q” are positive integers, the probabilities of both transliteration variants are normalized by “k” and “q”, respectively, before the comparison, by extracting the k-th or q-th root, respectively, from the corresponding probability.