9. A method, comprising: audibly presenting a non-lexicalized musically encoded phrase in a target language to a student; receiving, at a computer, a lexicalized version of the non-lexicalized musically encoded phrase in the target language from the student; comparing, at the computer, non-lexical properties of the non-lexicalized musically encoded phrase with non-lexical properties of the lexicalized version of the non-lexicalized musically encoded phrase to calculate at least one error signal based on a difference between: a difference between a duration of a first syllable in the non-lexicalized musically encoded phrase and a duration of a second syllable in the non-lexicalized musically encoded phrase, the first syllable in the non-lexicalized musically encoded phrase being non-adjacent to the second syllable in the non-lexicalized musically encoded phrase; and a difference between a duration of a first syllable in the lexicalized version of the non-lexicalized musically encoded phrase and a duration of a second syllable in the lexicalized version of the non-lexicalized musically encoded phrase, the first syllable in the lexicalized version of the non-lexicalized musically encoded phrase being non-adjacent to the second syllable in the lexicalized version of the non-lexicalized musically encoded phrase; and adjusting a future lesson for the student based upon the error signal.
9. A method, comprising: audibly presenting a non-lexicalized musically encoded phrase in a target language to a student; receiving, at a computer, a lexicalized version of the non-lexicalized musically encoded phrase in the target language from the student; comparing, at the computer, non-lexical properties of the non-lexicalized musically encoded phrase with non-lexical properties of the lexicalized version of the non-lexicalized musically encoded phrase to calculate at least one error signal based on a difference between: a difference between a duration of a first syllable in the non-lexicalized musically encoded phrase and a duration of a second syllable in the non-lexicalized musically encoded phrase, the first syllable in the non-lexicalized musically encoded phrase being non-adjacent to the second syllable in the non-lexicalized musically encoded phrase; and a difference between a duration of a first syllable in the lexicalized version of the non-lexicalized musically encoded phrase and a duration of a second syllable in the lexicalized version of the non-lexicalized musically encoded phrase, the first syllable in the lexicalized version of the non-lexicalized musically encoded phrase being non-adjacent to the second syllable in the lexicalized version of the non-lexicalized musically encoded phrase; and adjusting a future lesson for the student based upon the error signal. 13. The method of claim 9 , wherein the at least one error signal further based on a sum of the difference between: the difference between the duration of the first syllable in the non-lexicalized musically encoded phrase and the duration of the second syllable in the non-lexicalized musically encoded phrase, the first syllable in the non-lexicalized musically encoded phrase being non-adjacent to the second syllable in the non-lexicalized musically encoded phrase; and the difference between the duration of the first syllable in the lexicalized version of the non-lexicalized musically encoded phrase and the duration of the second syllable in the lexicalized version of the non-lexicalized musically encoded phrase, the first syllable in the lexicalized version of the non-lexicalized musically encoded phrase being non-adjacent to the second syllable in the lexicalized version of the non-lexicalized musically encoded phrase.