19. The neural network of claim 18 , wherein: the supervised learning rule comprises a logic configured to conduct a sequence of learning trials, where for a given trial of the sequence of trials, the node state is updated based on a value of the learning parameter determined at a preceding trial of the sequence of trials; and the cessation of the output generation by the node comprises a modification of the parameter in accordance with the value.
19. The neural network of claim 18 , wherein: the supervised learning rule comprises a logic configured to conduct a sequence of learning trials, where for a given trial of the sequence of trials, the node state is updated based on a value of the learning parameter determined at a preceding trial of the sequence of trials; and the cessation of the output generation by the node comprises a modification of the parameter in accordance with the value. 20. The neural network of claim 19 , wherein the node output comprises a tonic output encoded by use of an analog representation.