4. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 3 , where co-ordinates of f i are given by ( - r ⁢ ⁢ sin ⁡ ( 2 ⁢ π ⁢ ⁢ i p ) , r ⁢ ⁢ cos ⁡ ( 2 ⁢ π ⁢ ⁢ i p ) ) , where the co-ordinates of f i within the circle together form a circularly symmetric neighbor set, where r is the radius of the circle, where r is fixed as rε{4, 8, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36}, and where pε{8, 16, 32, 64}.
5. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 4 , where a binomial factor 2 i transforms the LBP to a number, where the bits of the number are measured in Hamming distance, where the LBP is invariant to local gray-scale shift, and where a circular bitwise right shift is performed p times on p bits within the circle, where the minimum resulting number of the circular bitwise right shift is retained as the final LBP.