23. The non-transitory computer readable digital storage medium according to claim 22 , wherein the neighborhood comprises at least one position either adjacent to the position of the current first-type syntax element, or separated from the position of the current first-type syntax element by a position in vertical direction and/or a position in the horizontal direction.
22. A non-transitory computer readable digital storage medium comprising stored thereon a computer program comprising a program code for performing, when running on a computer, a method for decoding a significance map, the method comprising: extracting, from a data stream, the significance map indicating positions of significant transform coefficients within a transform coefficient block, wherein, said extracting the significance map includes extracting first-type syntax elements and second-type syntax elements from the data stream based on context-adaptive entropy decoding, the first-type syntax elements indicating, for associated positions within the transform coefficient block, whether at each respective associated position a significant transform coefficient is present and each of the second-type syntax elements relates to a value of the significant transform coefficient at a respective associated position within the transform coefficient block; and associating the extracted first-type syntax elements to the positions of the transform coefficient block in a scan order, wherein, in the context-adaptively entropy decoding the first-type syntax elements, contexts are used which are selected for each of the first-type syntax elements, wherein the context for a current first-type syntax element being decoded is selected in accordance with a combination of the scan order and a number of positions of the significant transform coefficients within the transform coefficient block related to previously extracted first-type syntax elements in a neighborhood of the current first-type syntax element.