21. The method of claim 20 , the decision-theoretic model employs a maximum expected utility (MEU), which states that an action A=a is selected that maximizes an expected utility, EU(a/ξ), wherein ξ denotes background information.
20. A method for automatic call management, comprising: determining a decision-theoretic model for a call routing system that predicts a likely outcome of a call when directed to a spoken dialog system using real-time, extractable features for optimal decision making wherein a variable d denotes an action of dispatching a call to an operator of a plurality of operators, a variable S denotes possible outcomes of the call routing system which corresponds to a variable Failure, a variable O denotes a state of one or more operators, which is one of busy or not busy; determining a queuing model to model the call routing system; and automatically directing calls to at least one of an organization member or an operator when calls are likely to fail when dealt with by the spoken dialog system such that an expected utility of the action d given a state of the operator O, as predicted based on the queuing model, and call routing system S exceeds that of a dialog action a of the spoken dialog system, as predicted by the decision-theoretic model and described by the following equation: ∀ a≠d [EU(d|S,O)>EU(a|S,O], hence mitigating costs for an organization comprising the plurality of operators.