1. Method for estimating NOx creation in a combustion process of a four-stroke internal combustion engine including a variable volume combustion chamber defined by a piston reciprocating within a cylinder between top-dead center and bottom-dead center points, intake and exhaust passages, and intake and exhaust valves controlled during repetitive, sequential exhaust, intake, compression and expansion strokes of said piston, comprising: monitoring engine sensor inputs comprising a cylinder pressure within the combustion chamber; modeling a mass fraction burn value for combustion within the combustion chamber based upon said engine sensor inputs, wherein said mass fraction burn value indexes a crank angle at which a selected percentage of injected fuel is burned in a combustion cycle; estimating a state of combustion within the combustion chamber based upon the mass fraction burn value, the state of combustion comprising a combustion phasing and a combustion strength; and estimating NOx creation within the combustion chamber with an artificial neural network based upon said state of combustion.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein estimating said NOx creation is further based upon: an estimated average temperature within said combustion chamber; a crank angle wherein a predetermined percentage of a fractional pressure rise in said combustion chamber is achieved; an engine speed; a fuel energy content; an oxygen sensor measurement; and a start of fuel injection crank angle.