14. A non-transitory processor-readable medium storing code representing instructions to be executed by a processor, the code comprising code to cause the processor to: encode a first prosodic speech signal to generate a musically encoded first prosodic speech signal by mapping each syllable of the first prosodic speech signal to a musical note; store the musically encoded first prosodic speech signal; audibly play the musically encoded first prosodic speech signal to a language student; prompt the student to recite the speech segment from which the musically encoded first prosodic speech signal originated; record an utterance from the language student in response to the prompt; delexicalize the utterance to generate a second prosodic speech signal; and calculate at least one error signal based on a difference between: a difference between a duration of a first syllable in the first prosodic speech signal and a duration of a second syllable in the first prosodic speech signal, the first syllable in the first prosodic speech signal being non-adjacent to the second syllable in the first prosodic speech signal; and a difference between a duration of a first syllable in the second prosodic speech signal and a duration of a second syllable in the second prosodic speech signal, the first syllable in the second prosodic speech signal being non-adjacent to the second syllable in the second prosodic speech signal.
17. The non-transitory processor-readable medium of claim 14 , wherein the at least one error signal is further based on at least one of a difference in prosody between the first prosodic speech signal and the second prosodic speech signal; a difference in a total number of syllables between the first prosodic speech signal and the second prosodic speech signal; a difference in duration in units of time between the first prosodic speech signal and the second prosodic speech signal; a difference in pitch between respective syllables between the first prosodic speech signal and the second prosodic speech signal; or a difference in intonation between the first prosodic speech signal and the second prosodic speech signal.