2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the type of relation is that the first term is a grammatical subject of the sentence and the second term is not contained in the grammatical subject of the sentence; or the first term and the second term are in a multi-word phrase comprising a head term and a modifier term, wherein the first term is the head term of the multi-word phrase and the second term is the modifier term in the multi-word phrase; or the first term is part of a predicate of the sentence and the second term is a multi-word phrase containing the first term, or wherein the first term is a grammatical subject of the sentence and the second term includes the sentence.
1. A computer-implemented method for processing information in a closed document residing on a computer file system, comprising: displaying, in a computer file system user interface, a name or icon of an electronic file, wherein the electronic file is in a closed state, wherein the electronic file is an object in the computer file system, wherein the computer file system comprises one or more folders or subfolders and at least one file in a tree structure; allowing a user to act on the name or icon of the electronic file, or on a user interface object associated with the name or icon of the electronic file, wherein the user action comprises moving a pointing device over, clicking, or touching, or a voice or visually activated action; in response to a user action, receiving a first term and a second term extracted from a text content associated with the electronic file; determining a two-part display format that represents a hierarchical relation between the first term and the second term, wherein the two-part display format comprises a first part and a second part; displaying the first term in the first part; and displaying the second term in the second part, wherein the second term is displayed as an item subordinate to the first term in the hierarchical format, wherein the subordinate relationship is defined by a visual format including a heading-body relation, or a difference in size, color or character style, or position, or annotation, wherein the first term and the second term are obtained by: (a) receiving a user-generated text content in the electronic file, (b) tokenizing the text content into terms, each term comprising a word or a phrase or a sentence, (c) identifying a first term in the text content, (d) identifying an attribute associated the first term using a machine-based algorithm, wherein the attribute comprises a grammatical, semantic, positional, or frequency attribute, (e) assigning an importance measure to the first term based on the attribute, (f) selecting the first term for extraction if the importance measure is above a threshold, (g) identifying a sentence containing the first term and the second term, (h) identifying a grammatical structure in the sentence, wherein the grammatical structure comprises components and one or more types of relations between the components, wherein the components and relations comprise a grammatical subject in relation to a non-subject portion of the sentence, or a multi-word phrase comprising a head term in relation to a modifier term, (i) determining the first term and the second term as two components in one of the one or more types of relations in the grammatical structure, and (j) extracting the first term and the second term based on the type of relation.