13. The article of manufacture of claim 9 , further comprising processor instructions configured to cause the at least one processor to operate as to validate a claim using appropriate claim-element knowledge in the populated knowledge base.
9. An article of manufacture for populating a knowledge base used in validating medical claims, the article of manufacture comprising: at least one computer readable medium; processor instructions included on the at least one computer readable medium, the processor instructions configured to be readable from the at least one computer readable medium by at least one processor and thereby cause the at least one processor to operate as to: create at least one claim element based on information related to a field from a claim form for an insurance provider, the at least one claim element comprising a reference claim element; wherein the at least one claim element comprises at least one edit deduced from the information related to the field from the claim form, an edit comprising a directive of an insurance provider to correct or reject an insurance claim under specified circumstances; apply at least one knowledge-base-population rule to the at least one edit to form claim-processing knowledge for the at least one claim element; wherein the application comprises a determination of a match between a pattern of the at least one edit and a pattern of the at least one knowledge-base-population rule; wherein the claim-processing knowledge comprises one or more conclusions specified by the at least one knowledge-base-population rule based on the determined match; populate the knowledge base with said claim-processing knowledge acquired from said application; and wherein the population comprises at least one of creating and updating an instance of the at least one claim element with the claim-processing knowledge.