1. A computer-implemented method comprising: transforming, by each sensor of a sensor array, electromagnetic energy into sensed data descriptive of a waveform phenomenon from the sensors of the sensor array, wherein data from each sensor is descriptive of at least a portion of the waveform phenomenon, and wherein the sensed data includes a discrete component and a continuous component; receiving at a processor, the sensed data from the sensors of the sensor array; applying, at the processor, multi-taper spectral estimation and harmonic analysis to the sensed data to determine an estimated spatial spectrum, wherein applying the harmonic analysis comprises detecting and subtracting the discrete component from the sensed data; determining, at the processor, an estimated covariance matrix corresponding to the waveform phenomenon based on the estimated spatial spectrum; determining, at the processor, adaptive beamforming weights using the estimated covariance matrix; generating, at the processor, a time-domain signal descriptive of the waveform phenomenon by applying the adaptive beamforming weights to the sensed data; and sending the time-domain signal to a computing device.