1. An apparatus for recognizing a biological named entity from biological literature based on united medical language system (UMLS), comprising: a resource construction unit for receiving metathesaurus from the UMLS and constructing a concept name database, a single name database and a category keyterm database, which are language resources to be used to recognize a named entity; a rule collection unit for receiving each concept name stored in the concept name database, extracting features of each of the concept names by using data stored in the single name database and the category keyterm database, and constructing a rule database by creating a rule used to recognize the named entity and filtering the rule by using the extracted features; and a named entity recognition unit for receiving a biological literature, extracting nouns and noun phrases that are candidate named entities, applying the rules stored in the rule database to the nouns and the noun phrases, and recognizing the named entities.