1. A special purpose processor for implementing a synthetic neural model of the biological anatomy of the human brain to control a brain-based device (BBD) movable in a real world environment, in which the synthetic neural model and processing by the special purpose processor are based on biological principles of the human brain, comprising: (a) a plurality of neural processing units, each one of said neural processing units having (i) a programmed processor, and (ii) a local memory, in which (i) said programmed processor of said one neural processing unit processes data corresponding to a plurality of distinct neural elements, and in which each of said plurality of distinct neural elements has a plurality of pre-synaptic inputs received from outputs of other neural elements and an output providing post-synaptic output activity data to be sent to other neural elements; and (ii) said local memory stores a plurality of data records, each one of said data records having data corresponding to one of said neural elements of said one of said neural processing units, in which said data of said one data record stores (a) a synaptic connection table defining synaptic connections between one of said neural elements and other of said neural elements, (b) a current weight data table having weight data corresponding to each said synaptic connection through which said one neural element receives an input, and (c) an output storage table having post-synaptic output activity data resulting from processing by said one neural processing unit and provided on said output; (b) first system memory storing an output storage table having post-synaptic output activity data corresponding to each said output of each said neural element of each of said plurality of neural processing units; (c) second system memory for storing respective data records for each of said plurality of neural elements for each of said plurality of neural processing units, each of said data records having address pointers to said first system memory to access and output post-synaptic output activity data stored in said output storage table; (d) a finite state machine for controlling writing of the post-synaptic output activity data into said output storage table from said plurality of neural processing units and for reading the post-synaptic output activity data stored in said output storage table in response to said address pointers from said second system memory; (e) a system data bus for transferring data between said plurality of neural processing units and said first system memory and said second system memory; (f) sensors for receiving and providing sensed data corresponding to the real-world environment in which the BBD moves, wherein said plurality of neural processing units process said sensed data to calculate said weight data; and (g) actuators, responsive to the data processed by said plurality of neural processing units, for controlling movement of the BBD in the real-world environment; and (h) wherein (i) said plurality of neural processing units process data for all of said plurality of neural elements over a given time epoch and (ii) during said given time epoch, said output storage table and said current weight table are accessed to provide said post-synaptic output data and said current weight data for one neural element of the same neural processing unit.