1. A method of iterative decoding of short codes comprising: decoding an initialization vector of metrics of bits of the short codes considered at the output of a demodulator; comparing a value of a check code of a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) of a decoded word with a predetermined value; transmitting the decoded word to a recipient when the value of the CRC is considered to form an acceptable message for the decoding step; and modifying parameters for iterative decoding of initialization vector and executing at least one new iterative decoding step with these new parameters when the value of the CRC is incompatible with a correctly decoded message, wherein the at least one new iterative decoding is performed starting from a different initialization vector from the initialization vector provided by the demodulator, when a corrective vector, representing the difference between the initialization vector and the vector on which the new decoding is attempted, is obtained by an anti-gradient of a last half-iterations, an anitgradient consisting of the decoded values that are the least reliable during the last half-iteration of the one but last half-iteration, the number of values retained nonzero in this anti-gradient is of the order of three-quarters of a free distance of the code.