1. A method for at least one of characterizing, diagnosing, and treating a neurological health issue in at least a subject, the method comprising: for each of an aggregate set of samples from a population of subjects: determining a microorganism nucleic acid sequence, comprising: identifying primers for nucleic acid sequences associated with the neurological health issue, fragmenting nucleic acid material from the biological sample, and amplifying the fragmented nucleic acid material using the identified primers; and determining an alignment of the microorganism nucleic acid sequence to a reference nucleic acid sequence associated with the neurological health issue; generating a microbiome composition dataset and a microbiome functional diversity dataset for the population of subjects based on the; receiving a supplementary dataset, associated with at least a subset of the population of subjects, wherein the supplementary dataset is informative of characteristics associated with the neurological health issue; transforming the supplementary dataset and features extracted from at least one of the microbiome composition dataset and the microbiome functional diversity dataset into a characterization model of the neurological health issue; based upon the characterization model, generating a therapy model configured to correct the neurological health issue; and at an output device associated with the subject, providing a therapy to the subject with the neurological health issue, upon processing a sample from the subject with the characterization model, in accordance with the therapy model, wherein the therapy modulates microbiome composition to improve a state of the neurological health issue.