1. An image processing method comprising: receiving a plurality of images to be grouped; dividing the plurality of images into a plurality of groups, wherein: images in a same group share a same main color; and the dividing of the plurality of images into the plurality of groups comprises: selecting a color space of an image; quantifying the color space into a plurality of colors; calculating a number of pixels corresponding to each color in the image; and identifying a color corresponding to the most number of pixels as the main color in the image; receiving a given image; searching among the plurality of groups for a result group having the same main color as a main color of the given image; extracting a plurality of image features of the given image and images in the result group; comparing the image features of the given image with the image features of images in the result group; identifying a near-duplicate image from the result group that meets a preset near-duplicate image determining condition; and determining a main color ratio (MCR) of the given image and the images of the result group, wherein the determining of the main color ratio comprises: calculating a number of pixels corresponding to a plurality of colors of an image; finding a color of the image with a highest number of pixels; and calculating a ratio of the highest number of pixels of the color of the image and a total number of pixels in the image; and wherein the near-duplicate image determining condition includes a distance between a color feature vector (CFV) of the given image and the CFV of an image of a group is lower than a first preset threshold, the MCR of the given image and the MCR of an image in a group are both lower than a second preset threshold, and a difference between the MCR of the given image and the MCR of an image in a group is lower than a third preset threshold; and wherein a value of the second preset threshold is higher than a value of the third preset threshold.