1. One or more computer-readable storage media comprising computer-executable instructions stored thereon, the computer-executable instructions, when executed, configuring a system to perform actions comprising: acquiring session information for a plurality of session contexts from one or more applications that established the plurality of session contexts, wherein the acquired session information is received from a plurality of hosts; caching the acquired session information in a distributed table, wherein: the distributed table utilizes a session identifier for each of the established session contexts acquired in the session information, each session identifier representing an entry in the distributed table; and each entry identifies an initial host where respective session information was first established; routing network traffic to the one or more applications responsive to the acquired session information to perform load balancing; in association with one of a plurality of replication levels, replicating session information for a particular session context of the plurality of session contexts at one or more additional devices based on a hash value derived from a session indicator for the particular session context; and utilizing the one or more additional devices to preserve session affinity for the particular session context, such that when a client attempts to reestablish the particular session context with the initial host hosting a particular application, the client is mapped to the initial host via a particular session identifier.