1. A memory cell with a three-layer structure consisting of two electrodes with a functional zone between them, distinctive in that the electrodes a made of metal and/or semiconductor and/or conductive polymer and optically conductive oxides or sulphides, while the functional zone is made of organic, metalorganic and non-organic materials, and in the functional zone molecular and/or crystalline structure instilled are various types of active elements as well as their combinations with each other and/or clusters based on the elements, which change their state or position under influence of external electric field and/or light radiation.