1. A medical device comprising: a device body with an array of electrodes disposed thereon; the array including a plurality of first electrodes and a plurality of second electrodes; at least one of the first electrodes electrically connected to a first electrical connection and at least one of the second electrodes electrically connected to a second electrical connection; and the first and second electrodes comprising nanostructures wherein at least a portion of the nanostructures of the first electrodes are at least partially encapsulated within living cells.