1. A histogram equalization apparatus using histogram compression, comprising: a histogram calculation unit for calculating the histogram of an input image; a parameter determination module for determining a histogram compression ratio parameter λ according to a brightness value of the input image or the characteristics of the histogram; a histogram transformation unit for compressing the input histogram according to the histogram compression ratio parameter λ determined by the parameter determination module so as to obtain a compressed histogram P c (X k ), obtaining a modified histogram P m (X k ), and calculating a cumulative distribution function C m (X k ) of the modified histogram; and a histogram equalization unit for performing a histogram equalization by obtaining a modified histogram equalization map.