1. An apparatus for evoking perceptions of affordances in a virtual environment, the apparatus comprising: a processor configured with virtual reality software for generating the virtual environment; the virtual environment comprising a display arrangement in communication with the processor, the display arrangement configured to interface with a user, wherein the display arrangement comprises at least one of a head-mounted display, computer display screen, boom-mounted head-coupled display device, and projection system; and an interactive control device in communication with the virtual environment, the interactive control device configured to enable the user to interact with the virtual environment, wherein the processor is further configured to generate substitute sensory stimuli for recognized absent or inadequate sensory stimuli in the virtual environment, wherein the substitute sensory stimuli comprise at least one of visual cues and auditory cues, wherein the visual cues evoke spatial affordances, wherein the visual cues and the auditory cues evoke temporal affordances, wherein the substitute sensory stimuli exceed a minimum response threshold for user perception, and wherein the recognized absent or inadequate sensory stimuli relate to at least one of properties and behavior of objects in the virtual environment, body stature of the user, and action capabilities of the user.