1. Computerized spiking neuron apparatus comprising a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, the storage medium comprising a plurality of executable instructions configured to, adjust an efficacy of an interface of the neuron, the plurality of executable instructions are configured to. when executed, cause the computerized spiking neuron apparatus to: adjust a neuron excitability based on one or more pre-synaptic inputs; store one or more pre-synaptic times associated with the one or more pre-synaptic inputs; and when the neuron excitability is above a threshold: generate a post-synaptic output; determine a similarity measure between a neuron output signal, comprising a response, and the one or more pre-synaptic inputs; determine a long term potentiation (LTP) component of an adaptive plasticity based on the determined similarity measure; and determine a long term depression (LTD) component of the adaptive plasticity based on a parameter associated with the LTP; wherein the post-synaptic output comprises a response generated by the neuron based on the one or more pre-synaptic inputs.