1. A computer-implemented method for schema mapping and data transformation, the method comprising the following steps performed by a processor: obtaining information associated with a conceptual model, wherein the conceptual model comprises at least one conceptual object; identifying a source model corresponding to a source schema and at least one source instance; receiving first mapping data for mapping a source attribute of the source model to a conceptual attribute of the conceptual model; generating, based on the first mapping data, a first mapping formula for transforming values associated with the source attribute into at least one value associated with the conceptual attribute; identifying a target model corresponding to a target schema and at least one target instance; and generating second mapping data for mapping the conceptual attribute of the conceptual model to a target attribute of the target model, based on the first mapping data and the first mapping formula, wherein: the source attribute values comprise a plurality of duplicate values; generating the first mapping formula comprises generating a formula to perform a common operation on the duplicate values; and the method further comprises generating, based on the second mapping data and the first mapping formula, a second mapping formula for transforming the conceptual attribute value into at least one value associated with the target attribute, the second mapping formula comprising an inverse of the transformation of the first mapping formula.