1. Device (D) for semantic analysis of documents, comprising a structural and semantic database (BD) and a document interpreter (ID) arranged so as to determine whether a document has a meaning, using said database, characterised in that the said document interpreter (ID) comprises: an n-ary tree controller (GAN) arranged to construct a structural n-ary tree from the breakdown of a document which is to be analysed into an ordered series of verbal entities and structural and/or semantic constraints selected from and defined in said database (BD), the n-ary structural tree comprising a root node formed by a primary governing verbal entity, and structures formed by a secondary subordinate verbal entity and attached either directly or indirectly to the root node by a link having at least one connectional characteristic, a secondary subordinate verbal entity being in turn capable of becoming a governing verbal entity, a semantic tree controller (GAS) arranged to determine, at least from the structural n-ary tree and the database (BD), categorising entities of the object type and activity type, activated by certain nodes of the n-ary tree, in order to construct a semantic tree provided with principal nodes made up of the categorising entities of object and activity and linked by semantic relations arising from connectional characteristics of said n-ary tree and with which attributes are associated as a function of the characteristics of other nodes of the n-ary tree and their respective links.