1. An apparatus for allocating configuration inputs of a microcontroller, comprising: at least one respective energy source connected to each of the configuration inputs, the at least one respective energy source able to assume at least two states to set at least two signal states at each configuration input; and a setting arrangement configured to control the states of each energy source in such a way that a predefined signal state exists for each configuration input; wherein the apparatus is configured such that: one signal state is set at each of the configuration inputs in the context of a test mode; and a signal state differing from the one signal state is predefined, the differing signal state prevailing over the set signal state only when a fault exists in terms of the set signal state of the respective configuration input.