1. A device for analyzing a signal having variations that define a monodimensional function, said signal having been collected, filtered, sampled and digitized, comprising: means for memorizing the digitized signal in a memory, and processor means for analyzing the memorized signal, comprising: extracting means for decomposing the signal into a plurality of N elementary waves, each wave comprising a parameterized bump function, wherein each bump function is a continuous function having three successive intervals including a first monotonic parameterized function, an affine function, and a second monotonic parameterized function, one of said first and second monotonic parameterized functions being an increasing function and the other being a decreasing function; and classifying means for recognizing at least one characteristic parameter of each N elementary wave, and allotting to said wave a standardized label selected from among a plurality of predetermined labels, according to said at least one recognized characteristic parameter.