1. A method of constructing a genetic map, comprising the following steps: whole genome sequencing with a sequencing unit at least one single cell derived from a human, to obtain whole genome sequencing data of each of the at least one single cell wherein sequencing comprises lysing the single cell using a subunit to release the whole genome DNA with an alkaline lysis method; aligning with a statistical unit connected to the sequencing unit the whole genome sequencing data of each of the at least one single cell to a reference sequence respectively to determine SNP site genotypes of each of the at least one single cell; deducing with a parent typing unit connected to the statistical unit genotypes of two chromosomes from a male parent and a female parent respectively, based on the SNP site genotypes of each of the at least one single cell by means of a maximum parsimony of recombination to determine male parent a/female parent b typing results of SNP genotype of each of the at least one single cell; dividing with a linkage region dividing unit connected to the parent typing unit a chromosome of the species into linkage regions based on the male parent a/female parent b typing results of SNP genotype of each of the at least one single cell, wherein a standard of dividing the chromosome of the species into linkage regions is that: (1) the SNP number comprising continuous same a or b is at least 5; (2) a physical length of a selected linkage region is greater than 250 kb; obtaining with a calculation unit a recombination rate between two continuous linkage regions by determining a variation ratio of a/b between two continuous linkage regions for each one of the at least one single cell; determining a recombination map for each one of the at least one single cell, the recombination map comprising the recombination rate between each two continuous linkage regions wherein a boundary site between a and b is a recombination site; and constructing a genetic map of the human by determining a recombination rate of each recombination site from the recombination map for each of the at least one single cells.