1. An ASR-aided transcription system with segmented feedback training, the system comprising: a transcription process manager configured to extract a first segment and a second segment from an audio input of speech uttered by a speaker; and an ASR engine configured to: operate in a first speech recognition mode to convert said first speech segment into a first text transcript using a speaker-independent acoustic model and a speaker-independent language model; operate in a first training mode to create a speaker-specific acoustic model and a speaker-specific language model by: adapting said speaker-independent acoustic model using said first segment and/or a proofread version of said first text transcript; and adapting said speaker-independent language model using at least the proofread version of said first text transcript; and operate in a second speech recognition mode to convert said second speech segment into a second text transcript using said speaker-specific acoustic model and said speaker-specific language model.