1. A method of providing supplemental functionalities to an executable program via an ontology instance, the method comprising: causing, by a computer system, an executable program to be run; obtaining, by a computer system, a general ontology and a domain-specific ontology, wherein the domain-specific ontology is associated with a domain of interest, and the executable program is configured to use at least a portion of the general ontology to interpret the domain-specific ontology; obtaining, by a computer system, an instance of the general ontology, wherein the general ontology instance is based on the domain-specific ontology and corresponds to an application associated with the domain of interest; generating, by a computer system, based on the general ontology instance, supplemental information for the executable program, wherein the supplemental information is related to one or more functionalities of the application to be added to the executable program; and providing, by a computer system, the supplemental information as input to the executable program, wherein the supplemental information, at least in part, causes the one or more functionalities of the application to be made available via the executable program.