1. A method of preparing a compound of the formula comprising (i) attaching a conjugation component of the formula wherein R 2 is R 2a or R 2ap , to a solid support to form a compound of the formula (ii) when R 2 is R 2ap , converting (iii) contacting with a conjugation component of the formula wherein R 3 is R 3a , or R 3ap ; to form (iv) when R 3 is R 3ap , converting to and (v) contacting with a conjugation component of the formula to provide the compound of the formula wherein: is a solid support material; are independently an oligo, where each oligo is independently a polymer, having from 2 to about 150 covalently linked monomer units, that is characterized by a sequence of 2′-deoxyribosenucleotide residues (DNA), ribonucleotide residues (RNA), and peptide nucleic acids (PNAs), or a combination thereof; R 1a and R 1b are complementary conjugation functionalities and L 1 is conjugate linker, and R 1a , R 1b , and L 1 are (a) R 1a is azido, R 1b is —C≡C—R 23 , and L 1 is or (b) R 1a is —NHR 23 , R 1b is carboxy, and L 1 is —NR 23 C(═O)—, or (c) R 1a is carboxy, R 1b is —NHR 23 , and L 1 is —C(═O)NR 23 —, or (d) R 1a is —NHR 23 , R 1b is halo, and L 1 is —NR 23 —, or (e) R 1a is —O—P(═O)(OH)(X), R 1b is hydroxy, and L 1 is —O—P(═O)(OH)—O—, or (f) R 1a is —O—P(═O)(OH)(X), R 1b is —NHR 23 , and L 1 is —O—P(═O)(OH)—NR 23 —, or (g) R 1a is —O—P(═O)(OH)(X), R 1b is thio, and L 1 is —O—P(═O)(OH)—S—, or (h) R 1a is halo, R 1b is thio, and L 1 is —S—, or (i) R 1a is R 1b is thio, and L 1 is or (j) R 1a is —C≡C—R 23 , R 1b is azido, and L 1 is or (k) R 1a is halo, R 1b is —NHR 23 , and L 1 is —NR 23 —, or (l) R 1a is hydroxy, R 1b is —O—P(═O)(OH)(X), and L 1 is —O—P(═O)(OH)—O—, or (m) R 1a is —NHR 23 , R 1b is —O—P(═O)(OH)(X), and L 1 is —NR 23 —P(═O)(OH)—O—, or (n) R 1a is thio, R 1b is —O—P(═O)(OH)(X), and L 1 is —S—P(═O)(OH)—O—, or (o) R 1a is —O—P(═O)(OH)SH, R 1b is —X, and L 1 is —O—P(═O)(OH)—S—, or (p) R 1a is —X, R 1b is —O—P(═O)(OH)SH, and L 1 is —S—P(═O)(OH)—O—, or (q) R 1a is —(CR 25 R 25 ) s C(═O)OR 23 , R 1b is —NHR 23 , L 1 is —(CR 25 R 25 ) s C(═O)NR 23 —, or (r) R 1a is —NHR 23 , R 1b is —(CR 25 R 25 ) s C(═O)OR 23 , L 1 is —NR 23 C(═O)—(CR 25 R 25 ) s —, or (s) R 1a is thio, R 1b is halo, and L 1 is —S—, or (t) R 1a is thio, R 1b is and L 1 is (u) R 1a is —SH, R 1b is —O—P(═O)(OH)(O—(CH 2 ) n —SH) and L 1 is —S—S—(CH 2 ) n —O—P(OH)(═O)—O—; R 2a and R 2b are complementary conjugation functionalities and L 2 is conjugate linker, and R 2ap , R 2a , R 2b , and L 2 are (a′) R 2ap is halo, R 2a is azido, R 2b is —C≡C—R 23 , and L 2 is or (b′) R 2ap is —NR 23 Pr, R 2a is —NHR 23 , R 2b is carboxy, and L 2 is —NR 23 C(═O)—, or (c′) R 2ap is carboxy ester, R 2a is carboxy, R 2b is —NHR 23 , and L 2 is —C(═O)NR 23 —, or (d′) R 2ap is —NR 23 Pr, R 2a is —NHR 23 , R 2b is halo, and L 2 is —NR 23 —, or (e′) R 2ap is —OH, phosphate or phosphate ester, R 2a is —O—P(═O)(OH)(X), R 2b is hydroxy, and L 2 is —O—P(═O)(OH)—O—, or (f) R 2ap is —OH, phosphate or phosphate ester, R 2a is —O—P(═O)(OH)(X), R 2b is —NHR 23 , and L 2 is —O—P(═O)(OH)—NR 23 —, or (g′) R 2ap is —OH, phosphate or phosphate ester, R 2a is —O—P(═O)(OH)(X), R 2b is thio, and L 2 is —O—P(═O)(OH)—S—, or (h′) R 2a is —X, R 2b is thio, and L 2 is —S—, or (i′) R 2a is R 2b is thio, and L 2 is or (j′) R 2a is —C≡C—R 23 , R 2b is azido, and L 2 is or (k′) R 2a is halo, R 2b is —NHR 23 , and L 2 is —NR 23 —, or (l′) R 2a is hydroxy, R 2b is —O—P(═O)(OH)(X), and L 2 is —O—P(═O)(OH)—O—, or (m′) R 2a is —NHR 23 , R 2b is —O—P(═O)(OH)(X), and L 2 is —NR 23 —P(═O)(OH)—O—, or (n′) R 2a is thio, R 2b is —O—P(═O)(OH)(X), and L 2 is —S—P(═O)(OH)—O—, or (o′) R 2ap is —O—P(═O)(OH)SR 24 , R 2a is —O—P(═O)(OH)SH, R 2b is —X, and L 2 is —O—P(═O)(OH)—S—, or (p′) R 2a is —X, R 2b is —O—P(═O)(OH)SH, and L 2 is —S—P(═O)(OH)—O—, or (q′) R 2a is —(CR 25 R 25 ) s C(═O)OR 23 , R 2b is —NHR 23 , L 2 is —(CR 25 R 25 ) s C(═O)NR 23 —, or (r′) R 2a is —NHR 23 , R 2b is —(CR 25 R 25 ) s C(═O)OR 23 , L 2 is —NR 23 C(═O)—(CR 25 R 25 ) s —, or (s′) R 2a is thio, R 2b is halo, and L 2 is —S—, or (t′) R 2a is thio, R 2b is and L 2 is or (u′) R 2a is —SH, R 2b is —O—P(═O)(OH)(O—(CH 2 ) n —SH) and L 2 is —S—S—(CH 2 ) n —O—P(OH)(═O)—O—; R 3a and R 3b are complementary conjugation functionalities and L 3 is conjugate linker, and R 3ap , R 3a , R 3b , and L 3 are (a″) R 3ap is halo, R 3a is azido, R 3b is —C≡C—R 23 , and L 3 is or (b″) R 3a p is —NR 23 Pr, R 3a is —NHR 23 , R 3b is carboxy, and L 3 is —NR 23 C(═O)—, or (c″) R 3ap is carboxy ester, R 3a is carboxy, R 3b is —NHR 23 , and L 3 is —C(═O)NR 23 —, or (d″) R 3ap is —NR 23 Pr, R 3a is —NHR 23 , R 3b is halo, and L 3 is —NR 23 —, or (e″) R 3ap is —OH, phosphate or phosphate ester, R 3a is —O—P(═O)(OH)(X), R 3b is hydroxy, and L 3 is —O—P(═O)(OH)—O—, or (f″) R 3ap is —OH, phosphate or phosphate ester, R 3a is —O—P(═O)(OH)(X), R 3b is —NHR 23 , and L 3 is —O—P(═O)(OH)—NR 23 —, or (g″) R 3ap is —OH, phosphate or phosphate ester, R 3a is —O—P(═O)(OH)(X), R 3b is thio, and L 3 is —O—P(═O)(OH)—S—, or (h″) R 3a is —X, R 3b is thio, and L 3 is —S—, or (i″) R 3a is R 3b is thio, and L 3 is or (j″) R 3a is —C≡C—R 23 , R 3b is azido, and L 3 is or (k″) R 3a is halo, R 3b is —NHR 23 , and L 3 is —NR 23 —, or (l″) R 3a is hydroxy, R 2b is —O—P(═O)(OH)(X), and L 3 is —O—P(═O)(OH)—O—, or (m″) R 3a is —NHR 23 , R 3b is —O—P(═O)(OH)(X), and L 3 is —NR 23 —P(═O)(OH)—O—, or (n″) R 3a is thio, R 3b is —O—P(═O)(OH)(X), and L 3 is —S—P(═O)(OH)—O—, or (o″) R 3ap is —O—P(═O)(OH)SR 24 , R 3a is —O—P(═O)(OH)SH, R 3b is —X, and L 3 is —O—P(═O)(OH)—S—, or (p″) R 3a is —X, R 3b is —O—P(═O)(OH)SH, and L 3 is —S—P(═O)(OH)—O—, or (q″) R 3a is —(CR 25 R 25 ) s C(═O)OR 23 , R 3b is —NHR 23 , L 3 is —(CR 25 R 25 ) s C(═O)NR 23 —, or (r″) R 3a is —NHR 23 , R 3b is —(CR 25 R 25 ) s C(═O)OR 23 , L 3 is —NR 23 C(═O)—(CR 25 R 25 ) s —, or (s″) R 3a is thio, R 3b is —X, and L 3 is —S—, or (t″) R 3a is thio, R 3b is and L 3 is or (u″) R 3a is —SH, R 3b is —O—P(═O)(OH)(O—(CH 2 ) n —SH) and L 3 is —S—S—(CH 2 ) n —O—P(OH)(═O)—O—; R 4 is selected from the group consisting of R 3a , R 3ap , halo, —NR 23 Pr, —OH, —O—P(═O)(OH)SR 24 , carboxy ester, phosphate, phosphate ester, azido, —C≡C—R 23 , —NHR 23 , carboxy, hydroxy, —(CR 25 R 25 ) s C(═O)OR 23 , —O—P(═O)(OH)SH, or —O—P(═O)(OH)Br, or an oligo; X is chlorine, bromine, fluorine, tosylate, mesylate, triflate, or dimethoxy triflate, n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; R 23 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, aryl, substituted aryl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, substituted cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, substituted cycloalkynyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, and substituted heterocyclic; Pr is an amino protecting group; R 24 is trityl or benzyl; R 25 is hydrogen or C 1-6 alkyl; n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; s is an integer of greater than 1; provided that R 2 does not react with R 1a or R 1b , R 3 does not react with R 2a or R 2b and R 4 does not react with R 3a or R 3b ; - - - represents the point of connection to the part of the solid support-bound conjugated molecule that is closer to and represents the point of connection to the part of the solid support-bound conjugated molecule that is further away from