1. Method for the automatic construction of a planogram, characterised in that it comprises: the reception of one or more shelving images ( 1 ), a step of assembling ( 2 ) said images, in the case where there are several, a step of automatic construction of the structure ( 3 ) constituting the planogram, a step of automatic recognition ( 4 ) of the products contained in the images, a step of positioning the products ( 5 ) according to the results of the previous automatic recognition of the products ( 4 ) and the results of the previous detection of the structure ( 3 ), the automatic recognition step ( 4 ) being itself characterised in that it comprises at a minimum the following two steps: a) an initial recognition step ( 41 ), giving a set of possibilities, in the form of ordered pairs (hypothesis, probability of detection), in which a hypothesis is an ordered pair (position in the image, identified product). This step ( 41 ) consists of a category classification step ( 4171 ) and a step ( 4173 ) of global filtering of these results using probabilistic methods for integrating information specific to the products (I 12 ), b) a second recognition step ( 42 ), using the results of ( 41 ) to make a new detection, consisting of a classification step ( 4271 ) based on matchings of points of interest, and a second filtering step ( 4273 ) at the planogram level, integrating global information on the context (I 2 ) previously estimated on a base of planograms (I 3 ), each of the classification and filtering steps ( 4171 , 4173 , 4271 , 4273 ) being followed immediately by a step of selecting the best candidates, respectively ( 4172 , 4174 , 4272 , 4274 ) corresponding to a thresholding of the detection probabilities.