1. Apparatus for mapping an object, comprising: an illumination assembly, comprising: a transparency containing an uncorrelated pattern of spots having a spatial duty cycle that is less than 1/e; and a light source, which is configured to transilluminate the transparency with optical radiation so as to project the uncorrelated pattern onto the object; an image capture assembly, which is configured to capture, from a single, fixed location and angle relative to the illumination assembly, an image of the uncorrelated pattern that is projected onto the object using the single transparency; and a processor, which is coupled to process the image captured by the image capture assembly only from the single, fixed location and angle relative to the illumination assembly so as to reconstruct a three-dimensional (3D) map of the object.