1. A method comprising: obtaining data representing optically captured imagery, the optically captured imagery depicting packaging including an encoded signal, the encoded signal including an orientation signal that is detectable in a transform domain; generating an n-dimensional feature set of the data representing the optically captured imagery, the n-dimensional feature set representing the optically captured imagery in a spatial domain, where n is an integer greater than 13; using a trained classifier to predict the presence of the orientation signal in a transform domain from the feature set in the spatial domain.