1. A method for filtering data generated by computer program instrumentation, the method performed by one or more processors, the method comprising: generating a bins array having elements that each represent one time interval of a sequence of time intervals of a time-based filter; generating an indexes array having elements whose values are indexes into the bins array and whose indexes each represent respective multiples of a particular elapsed time increment value; at an instrumentation point in a computer program, generating a potential data frame, the potential data frame having an elapsed time value; computing a first index value into the indexes array, the first index value corresponding to the elapsed time of the potential data frame divided by the elapsed time increment value; obtaining an initial bin element of the bins array, the initial bin element being identified by a value of a first index element of the indexes array identified by the computed first index value into the indexes array; scanning the bins array starting from the initial bin element to identify a bin element uniquely representing a time interval that includes the elapsed time value of the potential data frame; determining that the bin element is already associated with at least a threshold number of potential data frames generated within a time window ending at a present time; and rejecting the potential data frame in response to determining that the bin element is already associated with at least the threshold number of data frames generated within the time window.