1. A therapy system for treating a patient's pain, comprising: a signal delivery element positionable to deliver an electrical stimulation signal to a target neural population of the patient; a pulse generator coupleable to the signal delivery element to transmit the electrical stimulation signal to the signal delivery element; and a machine-readable medium containing instructions that, when executed, cause the pulse generator to transmit the electrical stimulation signal to neurons of the target neural population via the signal delivery element, wherein the electrical stimulation signal is selected to have a target stimulation frequency that is above a threshold frequency that corresponds to a refractory period for individual neurons of the target neural population, and wherein the target stimulation frequency is in a range of from about 3 kHz to about 10 kHz.