1. A method for categorizing an issue and outputting information based on the categorization, the method comprising: for each of a plurality of categories of issue including an information request category and an anomaly category, providing a discourse model, the discourse models including a request discourse model which applies rules for identifying discourse patterns for identifying information requests in a text sequence and an anomaly discourse model which applies rules for identifying discourse patterns identifying anomalies in the text sequence, the discourse patterns configured for identify text sequences that meet the respective discourse pattern, at least one of the discourse patterns specifying that an instance of a domain term in a domain term vocabulary be present in the text sequence for the discourse pattern to be met, wherein there are at least two discourse patterns provided for the anomaly category, the at least two discourse patterns for the anomaly category being selected from the group consisting of: a pattern specifying that a term from a predefined set of deviance-related terms be in a syntactic dependency with a term in the domain term vocabulary; a pattern specifying that a term classed as deviance be in a syntactic dependency with a term in the domain term vocabulary; a pattern specifying that a deviance aspect indicator co-occur with a negative element, wherein the negative element is in a syntactic dependency with a term in the domain term vocabulary; a pattern specifying that a deviance indicator of contrast co-occur with a deviance aspect indicator and a predicate or argument, wherein the predicate or argument is in a syntactic dependency with a term in the domain term vocabulary; and a pattern specifying that a deviance indicator of contrast co-occur with deviance aspect indicator and a predicate or argument, wherein the predicate or argument is in a syntactic dependency with a term in the domain term vocabulary, wherein the syntactic dependencies in the patterns are identified with rules for identifying: a subject syntactic dependency, which identifies a noun or noun phrase and a verb for which the noun or noun phrase is the subject of that verb in a sentence; an object syntactic dependency, which identifies a noun or noun phrase and a verb for which the noun or noun phrase is the object of that verb in a sentence; a predicate syntactic dependency, which identifies a dependency between a predicate and a noun or noun phrase; and a negation syntactic dependency, which identifies a syntactic relation between a noun or noun phrase and a negative term selected from a term set of negative terms; receiving an issue comprising a text sequence; with a processor: processing the text sequence with a syntactic parser which identifies syntactic dependencies between tokens of the text sequence, the syntactic parser including rules which tag instances of the domain terms in the domain term vocabulary, applying the discourse patterns, at least some of the discourse patterns requiring a syntactic dependency between a term and one of the domain terms, and categorizing the text sequence based on which of the discourse patterns are met by the text sequence of the received issue; and outputting information based on the categorization of the text sequence, wherein the outputting information comprises at least one of: identifying a process for responding to the issue from a plurality of processes associated with different issue categories; identifying a knowledge base from a plurality of knowledge bases for querying based on the categorization of the issue; and querying a knowledge base or collection of web posts with the issue, wherein the query is also based on the categorization of the issue.