1. At least one non-transitory computer readable medium having stored thereon computer-executable instructions for a method comprising: obtaining a set of recorded translational diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance signals associated with a diffusion time and a plurality of non-zero q-values in a set of voxels in a sample, wherein q is proportional to a product of a magnitude and a duration of an applied pulsed magnetic-field gradient; identifying at least one restricted compartment of the sample based on variation in signal magnitudes in the set of signals as a function of the plurality of non-zero q-values; generating a non-parametric estimate of a distribution of at least one parameter characteristic of the at least one restricted compartment of the sample in each voxel of the set of voxels based on translational diffusion in the at least one restricted compartment of the sample; and based on an initial estimate, generating a final estimate of the distribution of the at least one characteristic parameter in each voxel of the set of voxels.