1. A computer based method for receiving a group of nodes representative of hierarchical data and storing said group of nodes, wherein each node of said group of nodes is assigned a Node ID based on an extensible decimal system, wherein the method comprises: (a) receiving a markup language based document; (b) parsing said markup language based document and identifying hierarchical data comprising a group of nodes; (c) grouping sets of nodes of said group of nodes in Node ID order to form a plurality of ranges of Node IDs, wherein each of said ranges are written to at least one block of memory and writing either a highest Node ID or a lowest Node ID associated with each range in said plurality of ranges to a Node ID Range Index; (d) generating one or more physical links between nodes within a range in said plurality of ranges; (e) generating an index of entries in said Node ID Range Index, said index entries defining one or more logical links between nodes of said group of nodes in different ranges within said plurality of ranges, each index entry in said index entries corresponds to any of the following for a given range: a highest Node ID in that given range, a lowest Node ID in that given range, or a computed Node ID key in that given range, wherein when ranges have a single rooted node, an index entry in said index of entries pointing to either said single rooted node or a list describing said single rooted node, and when a given range has multi-rooted nodes, an index entry in said index of entries pointing to a roots list identifying all root nodes in said given range, with each index entry's key being a highest Node ID within said given range; (f) when receiving instructions to traverse within ranges in said plurality of ranges, traversing within ranges in said plurality of ranges via said physical links, and when receiving instructions to traverse between ranges, traversing between ranges based on an index lookup of Node IDs, and outputting results of such traversal, wherein said Node IDs encode parent child relationships with parent Node IDs being retrieved from prefix of any given Node IDs and said Node ID Range Index used in inter-range node traversals and prefetching blocks containing ranges based on Node ID order, wherein when traversing to a given parent, a Node ID of said given parent is retrieved from a prefix of a current Node ID, and when traversing to a given child, a Node ID of said given child is formed by concatenating said current Node ID with Node ID digits of said given child, and (g) receiving instructions to update said a first block of memory associated with a first range of Node IDs having a first index entry in the Node ID range index of (c); (h) splitting the first range of Node IDs in (g) into at least a second split range of Node IDs and a third split range of Node IDs; (i) updating the first index entry in the Node ID range index with a second index entry associated with a highest Node ID within the second split range of NodeIDs, a third index entry associated with a highest Node ID within the third split range of NodeIDs, a fourth index entry associated with a previous high key associated with the second split range of NodeIDs, and a fifth index entry associated with a previous high key associated with the third split range of NodeIDs.