1. A method of constructing a genetic map, comprising following steps: whole genome sequencing for at least one single cell derived from a same species, to obtain every whole genome sequencing data of the at least one single cell; aligning the every whole genome sequencing data of the at least one single cell to a reference sequence respectively, to determine every SNP site genotypes of the at least one single cell; based on the every SNP site genotypes of the at least one single cell, deducing genotypes of two chromosomes from a male parent and a female parent respectively by means of a maximum parsimony of recombination, to determine male parent a/female parent b typing results of every SNP genotype of the at least one single cell; dividing a chromosome of the species into linkage regions based on the male parent a/female parent b typing results of every SNP genotype of the at least one single cell, wherein a standard of dividing the chromosome of the species into linkage regions is that: (1) the SNP number comprising continuous same a or b is at least 5; (2) a physical length of a selected linkage region is greater than 250 kb; for every one of the at least one single cell, determining a variation ratio of a/b between two continuous linkage regions, to obtain a recombination rate between every two continuous linkage regions; based on the recombination rate between every two continuous linkage regions, determining every recombination map of the at least one single cell, wherein a boundary site between a and b is a recombination site; and based on recombination maps of all single cells, determining a recombination rate of each recombination site, to construct the genetic map of the species.