1. A computer-implemented method for an eigenvalue-based data query, comprising: receiving a query request that includes a query statement; calculating eigenvalues of key component elements in the query statement; matching eigenvalues of nodes in an execution plan of a historical query statement to the eigenvalues of the key component elements; based on determining success of matching the eigenvalues of the key component elements to the eigenvalues of the nodes in the execution plan of the historical query statement, generating an execution plan of the query statement; establishing a global column set sequence based on corresponding columns of all tables in a database management system; establishing corresponding predicate bitmap codes for all predicates in the database management system; adding, to at least one node of the execution plan of the historical query statement a table bitmap attribute, a column bitmap attribute and a predicate bitmap attribute; and calculating at least one of a table bitmap attribute eigenvalue, a column bitmap attribute eigenvalue and a predicate bitmap attribute eigenvalue corresponding to at least one node of the execution plan based on at least one of the global table set sequence, the global column set sequence and the predicate bitmap codes, wherein the calculating further comprises: calculating the table bitmap attribute eigenvalue, the column bitmap attribute eigenvalue and the predicate bitmap attribute eigenvalue of at least one node of the execution plan based on at least one of all tables, all columns and all predicates involved in sub nodes and leaf nodes corresponding to the at least one node and the at least one node, in combination with at least one of the respective global table set sequence, global column set sequence and predicate bitmap codes.