1. A computer-implemented method of managing healthcare information data of a clinical trial, the method comprising: storing, in a short term storage component and a long term storage component, a data model that includes elements and associated values, the elements including clinical trial data, wherein the short term storage component maintains a representation of a current state of the data model; receiving, by a controller module, a transaction instructing a change to a first current state of the data model, wherein the transaction includes an instruction to add, remove, or change values of elements of the data model, or an instruction to change relationships between elements of the data model; analyzing the change instructed by the transaction; making a backup copy of a portion of the data model that is to be modified by the transaction; generating a revised data model by implementing the received transaction and storing the revised data model in the short term storage component as a new current state; checking the new current state against a set of rules to determine whether the revised data model violates a rule among the set of rules; if a rule among the set of rules is violated, rejecting the transaction and using the backup copy to restore the data model in the short term storage component to the first current state; and if a rule among the set of rules is not violated, storing the transaction in the long term storage component.