1. A method for treating a patient, comprising: affecting a target neural population of the patient by providing to the patient at least one of an electromagnetic signal and a chemical substance; detecting at least one characteristic of the patient, wherein the at least one characteristic is at least correlated with the patient's performance of an adjunctive therapy task, and wherein the adjunctive therapy task is performed in association with affecting the target neural population; and based at least in part on the detected characteristic, controlling at least one parameter in accordance with which the target neural population is affected.