1. A quantum system comprising: an array of qubits configured to store an item of quantum information, the array of qubits including a plurality of data qubits and a plurality of measurement qubits configured to extract a syndrome representing agreement among the plurality of data qubits; an integrated circuit, implemented using reciprocal quantum logic, comprising: validation logic configured to determine if the syndrome is valid; decoding logic configured to evaluate the syndrome to determine location of errors within the plurality of data qubits; and an error register configured to store locations of the determined errors.