1. A computer-implemented method of operating an artificial neuron having an input connection and an output connection, the method being performed by one or more processors configured to execute computer program modules, the method comprising: providing a first event of a first event type, the first event based on an external signal provided to the neuron via an interface configured separate from the input connection, the external signal provided based on a neuron performance metric, the first event being configured to effectuate an update of a plasticity of the input connection independent of delivery of a response of the neuron, the plasticity of the input connection being used to update a parameter associated with the input connection, the update characterized by a time period; and providing a second event of a second event type, the second event being configured to effectuate delivery of the response of the neuron via the output connection, the second event type being different than the first event type.