1. A method of analyzing and processing an expression of the XPath type for evaluating said expression on a set of data of the binary XML type, an XPath type expression selecting relevant XML data, said set of data of the binary XML type being associated with at least one decoding table, the method comprising the following steps: generating a list comprising a set of at least one target from said expression of the XPath type, said at least one target being associated with a selection of XML data and representing a step in an evaluation of said expression of the XPath type; determining, for said at least one target, a parameter representing a discriminating character of said at least one target, based on a number of selected XML data associated with the at least one target, the at least one target being less discriminating as the number of selected XML data associated with the at least one target increases; linking the parameter representing a discriminating character with the at least one target; integrating the at least one target and linked parameter representing a discriminating character to said at least one decoding table; accessing at least one part of said set of data of the binary XML type; identifying at least one reference to an item in said at least one decoding table using said at least one part of said set of data of the binary XML type; and accessing said at least one target integrated to said at least one decoding table using said at least one reference.