1. An arithmetic element coupling network for inputting at least one signal to obtain a desired output, comprising: a plurality of arithmetic elements including at least one of a first arithmetic element for receiving one signal and time-divisionally performing different types of first arithmetic operations of said one signal, a second arithmetic element for sequentially receiving a plurality of signals and time-divisionally performing identical second arithmetic operations of the plurality of signals, and a third arithmetic element for sequentially receiving a plurality of signals and time-divisionally performing different types of third arithmetic operations of each of the plurality of signals; and weighting means for arbitrarily coupling said plurality of arithmetic elements and supplying a value multiplying a predetermined weight coefficient with one of output values from two arithmetic elements coupled to each other to the other arithmetic element.