1. An encoding method, comprising: receiving an input stream comprising a first sample; determining a non-transform coding size estimate, the non-transform coding size estimate indicating an estimated number of bits to encode the first sample without decomposing the first sample using a transform; determining a transform coding size estimate, the transform coding size estimate indicating an estimated number of bits to encode the first sample while decomposing the first sample using the transform; and when the transform coding size estimate is larger than the non-transform coding size estimate, encoding the first sample without decomposing the first sample using the transform, otherwise: decomposing the first sample via the transform to produce a first coefficient for a first frequency component and a second coefficient for a second frequency component; encoding the first coefficient using a first coding scheme, the first coding scheme using a predictor based on a third coefficient from the first frequency component; and encoding the second coefficient using a second coding scheme different from the first coding scheme.