1. An apparatus in a parallel computing system, comprising: a burst buffer appliance configured to communicate with a plurality of compute nodes of the parallel computing system over a network; the burst buffer appliance further configured to store message logs for a plurality of processes executing on said compute nodes, wherein said plurality of processes employ asynchronous checkpointing operations from said compute nodes into the burst buffer appliance, wherein the burst buffer appliance is further configured to store a given message in a distributed partitioned key-value data store using a key based on an identifier of one or more of a sender and one or more recipients of the given message; the burst buffer appliance being implemented utilizing at least one processing device coupled to a memory.