1. A system for dynamic data access configuration, comprising: a processor device distributed processing system coordinator configured to: maintain a mapping for compute nodes of a plurality of compute nodes in a distributed processing system where the plurality of compute nodes execute a plurality of tasks for a common task using shared data segments, and the mapping comprising access permission assignments of at least some of the compute nodes to the shared data segments stored in data storage objects of storage systems accessible to the plurality of compute nodes for executing the plurality of tasks; wherein the distributed system coordinator assigns the plurality of tasks between the plurality of compute nodes for completing the common task by determining whether a task from the plurality of tasks requires write access to one or more shared data segments and then assigns the task to a specific compute node that has read-write access to the one or more shared data segments; identify a configuration change for the distributed processing system involving one or more of a change in an access permission type for any compute node for accessing a shared data segments from among shared data segments, a failure or a removal of any compute node and addition of a compute node to the distributed processing system; apply dynamically the configuration change to the mapping to create an updated mapping, where the updated mapping is based on a type of configuration change; wherein the updated mapping is created without taking any operational compute node offline and without generating a copy of data for a shared data segment associated with the configuration change; and apply the updated mapping to the distributed processing system by mounting and unmounting a data storage object during continuous operation of the distributed processing system without interruption in execution of the plurality of tasks for the common task by the plurality of compute nodes and without creating the copy data for the shared data segment associated with the configuration change.