1. A method comprising: accessing instructions from one or more physical memory devices for execution by one or more processors; executing the instructions accessed from the one or more physical memory devices by the one or more processors; storing, in at least one of the physical memory devices, signal values, including numerical signal values, resulting from having executed the accessed instructions on the one or more processors, wherein the one or more physical memory devices also store a database or a portion thereof; wherein the accessed instructions to transform the database, or the portion thereof, represented as a tree to one or more target numerical signals values; wherein the transformation instructions further comprising: representing the tree comprising at least a node or at least an edge in the form of signals and/or states, as the one or more target numerical signal values substantially in accordance with transformation of the tree to the one or more target numerical signal values based at least in part on an association of trees and numerical signal values, wherein the tree comprises electronic content comprising binary digital signals and/or states, the transformation instructions further comprising: identifying a plurality of partial subtrees of the tree, the plurality of partial subtrees also in the form of signals and/or states; enumerating partial subtrees of the identified plurality of partial subtrees; associating the one or more target numerical signal values with the enumerated partial subtrees; and comparing a probe numerical signal values with the one or more target numerical signal values to detect a presence of a subtree in the tree, wherein the probe numerical signal value is also based, at least in part, on the association of trees and numerical signal values, and wherein a correspondence between the probe numerical signal values and at least one of the one or more target numerical signal values is indicative of a presence of content in the electronic content comprising binary digital signals and/or states and indicative of location(s) within the database.