1. A computer-implemented exception management system for managing exception workflow of business processes involving financial securities-related transactions performed by a financial services organization that processes securities-related transactions, the exception management system comprising: an organizational reference database that stores data comprising coverage and role data for the financial services organization; a centralized exception engine, comprising one or more computers, in communication with the organizational reference database and a plurality of source systems for the financial services organization, wherein each of the plurality of source systems is associated with one or more business processes of the financial services organization, and wherein the centralized exception engine is programmed to: enrich an incoming exception message initiated from one of the plurality of source systems for a securities-related transaction that generated an exception with data attributes based on one or more business rules to enhance a representation of the exception message, wherein the data attributes are stored in at least one reference database separate from the source systems that generate the exceptions, the data attributes including at least a security involved in the securities-related transaction, an account associated with the securities-related transaction, and prioritization data for the exception message that indicates a level of priority for processing the exception message; prioritize the exception message based on at least one prioritization rule and the prioritization data; route the exception message to one or more users associated with the financial services organization for processing of the exception, wherein the exception message is routed to the one or more users based on at least: the coverage and role data for the financial services organization stored in the organizational reference database; an exception type for the exception; the security involved in the transaction; and the account associated with the transaction; provide the one or more users with one or more entitled actions selectable by the one or more users to process the exception, wherein the one or more entitled actions are determined based on entitlements of the one or more users; and persist exception information extracted from the exception messages in a persistent store.