1. A video decoding apparatus that executes a decoding processing for input encoded data for each block, comprising: a variable-length decoding portion that decodes a partition structure of a block to be processed from the input encoded data; a predictive image producing portion that produces a predictive image for each partition that is specified by the partition structure; and a transform candidate deriving portion that determines a list of transform candidate that is a list of applicable transforms based on partition shape information, which partition shape information characterizes each partition with respect to at least one of partition size, a feature of partition size, and a layer in the partition structure, wherein the variable-length-decoding portion decodes a transform selection flag based on the input encoded data and the list of transform candidate as well as decodes a transform coefficient of the block to be processed based on the transform selection flag, the video decoding apparatus further comprises: a prediction residual reconstructing potion that reconstructs a prediction residual by applying inverse transforms to the transform coefficient, the inverse transforms corresponding to transforms, the transforms being specified by the transform selection flag; and a local decoded image producing portion that outputs decoded image data based on the predictive image and the prediction residual, the decoded image data corresponding to the block to be processed; wherein the partition structure is expressed by a layer structure, and specifies that each partition is included in either layer corresponding to a shape of the partition.