1. A method comprising: receiving the outbound message from an application executing on a hardware computing device with an application-level firewall, wherein the outbound message includes at least a trustworthiness indicator and marking information based on inbound processing at the application-level firewall for the one or more portions of the outbound message, wherein the outbound message is to be transmitted to a remote electronic device; analyzing the outbound message based on the trustworthiness indicator and/or marking information, and context information with the application-level firewall; and performing an action on traffic to the application based on the encoded user data and the context information with one of the application-level firewall and the application by forwarding without modification when the outbound message is to be considered safe and to not forwarding the traffic when the outbound message is to be considered unsafe.