1. A system, comprising: one or more computing devices configured to: collect, from a plurality of power management endpoints at a data center of a provider network, respective sets of metrics, wherein the data center comprises a plurality of servers, wherein the plurality of power management endpoints includes at least one power distribution unit (PDU) endpoint, at least one rack endpoint, and at least one server endpoint, and wherein a set of metrics collected from a particular server endpoint comprises an indication of power usage at a particular server of the plurality of servers and an indication of a particular application executing at the particular server; store (a) respective location mappings for the plurality of servers of the data center, wherein a location mapping of the particular server comprises an indication of a rack in which the particular server is located and one or more power domains from which the particular server obtains power, (b) system profiles for the plurality of servers, and (c) workload profiles of one or more applications, including the particular application, targeted for execution at the data center, wherein each workload profile includes a respective indication of a corresponding resource consumption pattern associated with the respective application; determine, based at least in part on an analysis of one or more metrics collected from one or more power management endpoints of the plurality of power management endpoints, to initiate a power optimization operation; initiate, as part of the power optimization operation, at least one of: (a) a workload scheduling operation associated with the particular application, or (b) a power configuration operation associated with at least one power management endpoint of the plurality of power management endpoints; classify, based at least in part on their respective system profiles, the plurality of servers into a plurality of capability categories, wherein a particular server is classified in a particular capability category based at least in part on a performance level of the particular server; and schedule workload associated with the particular application on the particular server based at least in part on (a) a determination that the workload profile of the particular application corresponds to the particular capability category and (b) a determination that a power consumption profile of the particular server is in accordance with a power consumption goal.