1. A system for modulating the activity of at least one nervous system component, the system comprising: A. at least one neuromodulator, each constructed and arranged to deliver a neural modulation signal to at least one nervous system component or non-neural structure; B. at least one sensor, each constructed ands arranged to sense at least one parameter, including but not limited to physiologic values and neural signals, which is indicative of at least one of disease state, magnitude of symptoms, and response to therapy; and C. a stimulating and recording unit constructed and arranged to generate said neural modulation signal based upon a neural response sensed by said at least one sensor in response to a previously delivered neural modulation signal.