1. A system, comprising: one or more servers each with a host operating system configured to stream hosted applications to one or more clients; one or more clients each with a client operating system configured to receive and execute said streamed hosted applications, and configured to operate a billing manager; and one or more billing interceptors configured to: intercept access to one or more client operating system resources and interfaces; operate within or external the host operating system; and load into the address spaces of each of the streamed hosted applications upon execution, without requiring any application customizations.