1. A device for processing data, comprising: an input interface for receiving input data; a processing unit for processing data; and an encoding unit for encoding data words which are obtained as input data at the input interface to obtain encoded data words, wherein the encoding unit is configured to encode the data words so that a predefined portion of measured values which characterize at least one of the encoded data words and processing of the encoded data words by the device has a difference from a default value, the measured values being ascertained as a function of at least one physical variable of the device, and the difference being less than or equal to a predefined threshold value, and wherein the encoding unit executes an encoding rule for encoding the data words as a function of at least one encoding parameter, and wherein the processing unit processes the encoded data words; wherein due to the encoding parameter, at least one additional degree of freedom is provided in a mapping of the data words onto the encoded data words, wherein the default value is selected to be an average value over all possible values of the measured values, and wherein a different threshold value is provided for each of at least two measured values or data words associated with the two measured values, and wherein the following are satisfied: a) the measured values one of (i) are scalar variables, (ii) are vectorial variables, or (iii) have a matrix form; b) the measured values represent an electrical energy consumption of one of the device or at least one component of the device; and c) the measured values represent one of a Hamming weight or a Hamming distance.