1. A method improving or restoring neural function in a mammalian subject in need thereof, the method comprising: using an input receiver to record an input signal generated by a first set of nerve cells; using an a encoder unit comprising a set of encoders to generate a set of coded outputs in response to the input signal; using the encoded outputs to drive an output generator; and using an output generator to activate a second set of nerve cells wherein the second set of nerve cells is separated from the first set of nerve cells by impaired set of signaling cells; wherein the second set of nerve cells produces a response that is substantially the same as the response in an unimpaired subject.