1. A computer-implemented iterative method for decoding a received code word from a correcting code, the code word being represented by a local likelihood value for each bit of the code word, the iterative method comprising the following steps executed by a processor and a memory: analysing an extended spectrum of words of the correcting code to generate a table containing, for each bit of a code word, an information regarding distance between the code word and the code word obtained by decoding and then re-encoding the code word for which a value of a bit is erroneous, and for each bit of index i of a subset of bits of the code word received, executing in an iterative manner the following steps: decoding the received code word, calculating an overall likelihood value IM(i) for the decoded code word, comparing, onwards of a second iteration (i=2), the overall likelihood value IM(i) calculated at a current iteration with an overall likelihood value IM(i−1) calculated at a previous iteration, modifying an amplitude and a sign of a local likelihood value LLR(i) for a bit of index i of the received code word, the selected index i corresponding to that index of the table which is associated with a lowest distance in the table, from among indices not selected at a previous iteration, onwards of the second iteration (i=2), if the overall likelihood value IM(i) calculated at the current iteration is less than the overall likelihood value IM(i−1) calculated at the previous iteration, reinitializing the local likelihood value LLR(i−1) of the bit of index i−1 of the received code word that was modified at the previous iteration.