1. A data query system, comprising a client, and the data query system further comprising a query component agent and one or more query components connected with the query component agent; wherein, the client is configured to send a client request to the query component agent, and receive a processing result from the query component; the query component agent is configured to store a query component number, a query component instance of the query component, and a client request load status of the query component, and update the stored client request load status of the query component according to a client request load status of the query component reported by the query component; and receive the client request, select a query component to process the client request based on a load balance principle, and return the query component to the client; the query component is configured to send the query component number and the query component instance to the query component agent to register, and report the client request load status of the query component; and when the query component is the query component selected by the query component agent, process the client request and return the processing result to the client.