1. An apparatus for decoding a significance map, the apparatus comprising: a decoder configured to extract, from a data stream, the significance map indicating positions of significant transform coefficients within a transform coefficient block, wherein the decoder is to extract first-type syntax elements and second-type syntax elements based on context-adaptive entropy decoding, and the first-type syntax elements indicate, for associated positions within the transform coefficient block, whether at each respective associated position a significant transform coefficient is present and each of the second-type syntax elements relates to a value of the significant transform coefficient at a respective associated position within the transform coefficient block; and an associator configured to associate the extracted first-type syntax elements to the positions of the transform coefficient block in a scan order, wherein the decoder is configured to use, in context-adaptively entropy decoding the first-type syntax elements, contexts which are selected for each of the first-type syntax elements, wherein the context for a current first-type syntax element being decoded is selected in accordance with a combination of the scan order and a number of positions of the significant transform coefficients within the transform coefficient block related to previously extracted first-type syntax elements in a neighborhood of the current first-type syntax element.