1. A reconfigurable computation device for image processing, the device comprising: at least one neighborhood-based computation matrix generating pairing sub-scores between pairs of pixels resulting from a first series of operations configurable via data contained in a configuration register; at least one flexible reduction tree carrying out on the pairing sub-scores a second series of operations configurable via the configuration register on neighborhoods of pixels configurable via the configuration register; and at least one analysis matrix carrying out computations of scores configurable via the configuration register on the results arising from the flexible reduction tree, wherein the analysis matrix comprises a plurality L of columns, each column comprising a plurality W of configurable computation modules with two inputs and two outputs able to carry out arithmetical or combinatorial operations specified via the configuration register, the inputs of the configurable computation modules of the first column being driven by the outputs of the flexible reduction tree after redirection via a flexible interconnection network disposed upstream of the first column, the redirection being specified via the configuration register, and the results arising from the operations carried out by the configurable computation modules of a given column being applied to the inputs of the configurable computation modules of the next column, after redirection via a flexible interconnection network disposed upstream of the first column, the redirection being specified via the configuration register.