1. A method of performing network address translation, the method comprising: maintaining a record of operation information used by outbound application traffic packets in a flow for which translation in a network address translation (NAT) device has been initiated, the record including a resource identifier associated with the outbound application traffic packets; disambiguating, using information in the record, whether a resource identifier of a subsequent outbound application traffic packet is associated with the flow; and using information in the record for delivering inbound application traffic packets in the flow to a particular next destination.