1. A method for detecting hydrocarbon spill in an aqueous medium from a plurality of images of the surface of the aqueous medium obtained by an infrared camera, comprising: analyzing one image of the plurality of images of the surface of the aqueous medium, wherein the analyzing of the one image comprises: segmenting the image of the surface of the aqueous medium in order to split the image into static regions, and obtaining a multidimensional vector of characteristics representative of each of the static regions; checking whether at least one of the static regions could be identified as a hydrocarbon spill; in case of a positive result in the checking, assessing whether a point representing the multidimensional vector of characteristics representative of the static region is within a reference zone defined in a multidimensional space, this reference zone being representative of multidimensional vectors of characteristics of regions corresponding to actual hydrocarbon spills in the aqueous medium; and if it is determined that the point representing the multidimensional vector of characteristics representative of the static region is within the reference zone, generating a warning signal of hydrocarbon spill in the aqueous medium.