1. A method comprising: receiving, by at least one processor, a query having at least one query constraint comprising a freshness constraint specifying how up-to-date data in a response to the query should be; identifying, by the at least one processor, a set of jobs to be scheduled in a system including a processing pipeline having plural processing stages that are to apply corresponding different processing to a data update to allow the data update to be stored, wherein the set of jobs is based on the data update and the query that requests access of data in the system, wherein the freshness constraint causes the set of lobs to access data of selected processing stages of the plural processing stages of the processing pipeline, the selected processing stages based on the freshness constraint; and scheduling, by the at least one processor, the set of jobs by assigning resources to perform the set of jobs, wherein assigning the resources is subject to at least one constraint associated with the data update and the at least one query constraint of the query, the resources assigned being based on the selected processing stages.