1. A method comprising: obtaining data comprising an input image of one or more biological cells illuminated with an optical microscopy technique; processing the data using a stained cell neural network, wherein the stained cell neural network has been configured through training to receive the data comprising the input image of the one or more biological cells illuminated with the optical microscopy technique and to process the data to generate one or more stained cell images, wherein each stained cell image depicts a respective stained version of the one or more biological cells in the input image; and processing the one or more stained cell images using a cell characteristic neural network, wherein the cell characteristic neural network has been configured through training to receive the one or more stained cell images and to process the one or more stained cell images to generate a cell characteristic output that characterizes features of the biological cells that are stained in the one or more stained cell images.