1. A method for at least one of characterizing, diagnosing, and treating a neurological health issue in at least a subject, the method comprising: at a sample handling network, receiving an aggregate set of samples from a population of subjects; at a computing system in communication with the sample handling network, generating a microbiome composition dataset and a microbiome functional diversity dataset for the population of subjects upon processing nucleic acid content of each of the aggregate set of samples with a fragmentation operation, a multiplexed amplification operation using a set of primers, a sequencing analysis operation, and an alignment operation; at the computing system, receiving a supplementary dataset, associated with at least a subset of the population of subjects, wherein the supplementary dataset is informative of characteristics associated with the neurological health issue; at the computing system, transforming the supplementary dataset and features extracted from at least one of the microbiome composition dataset and the microbiome functional diversity dataset into a characterization model of the neurological health issue; based upon the characterization model, generating a therapy model configured to correct the neurological health issue; and at an output device associated with the subject and in communication with the computing system, promoting a therapy to the subject with the neurological health issue, upon processing a sample from the subject with the characterization model, in accordance with the therapy model.