1. A method, comprising: determining grammar for output of an information-flow downgrader in a software program, based at least in part on computer-readable instructions in the information-flow downgrader, the software program configured to direct the output of the information-flow downgrader to a sink; determining whether the grammar of the output conforms to at least one predetermined specification of the sink; and in response to a determination the grammar of the output conforms to the at least one predetermined specification of the sink, determining the information-flow downgrader is verified for the sink, wherein determining grammar, determining whether the grammar, and determining the information-flow downgrader are performed via static analysis of the software program.