1. A method of identifying a gene or genes involved in transcription-dependent memory comprising the steps of: (a) training non-human animals under conditions sufficient to induce transcription-dependent memory formation in said animals; (b) extracting RNA from brain tissue of said animals trained in step (a); (c) synthesizing DNA probes using the RNA extracted in step (b); (d) exposing the DNA probes synthesized in step (c) to microarray chips containing DNA sequences from genes of the genome of said animals under conditions appropriate for hybridization of the DNA probes to complementary DNA sequences on the microarray chips, wherein a signal is produced upon hybridization of said probes to complementary DNA sequences; (e) detecting the signal produced in step (d); and (f) performing a statistical comparison between the signal detected in step (e) and the signal detected in a control, wherein said control is obtained according to a method comprising the steps of: (i) training non-human control animals under appropriate conditions, wherein said conditions are insufficient to induce transcription-dependent memory formation in said control animals; (ii) extracting RNA from brain tissue of said control animals trained in step (f)(i); (iii) synthesizing DNA probes using the RNA extracted in step (f)(ii); and (iv) exposing the DNA probes synthesized in step (f)(iii) to microarray chips containing DNA sequences from genes of the genome of control animals under conditions appropriate for hybridization of the DNA probes to complementary DNA sequences on the microarray chips, wherein a signal is produced upon hybridization of said probes to complementary DNA sequences.