1. A device configured to identify phonemes within audible signal data, the device comprising: one or more audio sensors configured to receive the audible signal data; a spectral feature characterization module configured to generate a first feature stream and a plurality of targeted feature streams from the received audible signal data, wherein the first feature stream is generated primarily in order to provide audio information indicative of non-problematic phonemes, wherein each of the plurality of targeted feature streams is generated in order to provide audio information indicative of a corresponding problematic phoneme; an ensemble phoneme recognition neural network configured to assess which of a plurality of phonemes is present within the received audible signal data based on inputs including the first feature stream and a plurality of detection indicator values, wherein each of the plurality of detection indicator values characterizes a respective probability that a corresponding problematic phoneme is present within the received audible signal data; a phoneme-specific experts system having a plurality of problematic phoneme-specific expert neural networks (PPENNs) each configured to generate a respective one of the plurality of detection indicator values from a corresponding one of the plurality of targeted feature streams, wherein each of the plurality of targeted feature streams is associated with a respective problematic phoneme; and synthesizing, by the ensemble phoneme recognition neural network, one or more phoneme candidates as recognized within the received audible signal data based on the first feature stream and the plurality of detection indicator values.