1. A system, comprising: at least one processor; a memory comprising program instructions, wherein the program instructions are executable by the processor to implement a configuration management service configured to: receive via a network, from a plurality of clients of the configuration management service, a plurality of configuration requests in accordance with a standard network interface to the configuration management service, wherein individual ones of the plurality of configuration requests indicate one or more target systems, and specifies a configuration for the indicated one or more target systems, and wherein at least one of the plurality of configuration requests from one of the plurality of clients specifies a configuration for a different type of application environment or software execution environment than does another one of the plurality of configuration requests from another one of the plurality of clients; and in response to individual received configuration requests: for one or more target systems indicated by the configuration request, determine one or more components for implementing the configuration specified by the configuration request on the respective target system; generate one or more packages comprising the determined one or more components for implementing the configuration specified by the configuration request on at least one of the target systems indicated by the configuration request; and send the one or more packages to a respective at least one of the one or more target systems indicated by the configuration request via the network; wherein the packages sent to respective target systems in response to the plurality of configuration requests include at least two packages comprising different components specific to a respective different type of application environment or software execution environment in accordance with the configurations specified by the respective configuration requests; receive via the network, from one of the plurality of clients of the configuration management service, a configuration verification request that specifies an installed configuration on a target system to be verified; determine, in response to the configuration verification request, that the installed configuration on the target system is not correct by comparing, via the network, the installed configuration on the target system to a locally stored configuration specification corresponding to the installed configuration on the target system; and in response to said determining that the installed configuration on the target system is not correct: generate an update package comprising one or more components for correcting the installed configuration on the target system; and send the update package to the target system via the network.