1. A method comprising: calculating, in parallel, products of cumulative products of: a series of transition matrices associated with an input array representing encoded data, and an initialization vector, the calculating the products of the cumulative products of the series of transition matrices and the initialization vector being performed by a device; calculating, based on the products of the cumulative products of the series of transition matrices and the initialization vector, an output array that corresponds to a decoded version of the encoded data, the calculating the output array being performed by the device; and outputting the output array, outputting the output array being performed by the device.