1. A cell-based transparent sensor comprising: a transparent substrate; an ion-selective field effect transistor sensor disposed on the transparent substrate; and an oxygen detection electrochemical sensor disposed on the transparent substrate in parallel to the ion-selective field effect transistor sensor, wherein the ion-selective field effect transistor sensor comprises: transparent drain and source electrodes; a transparent semiconductor layer disposed on the transparent drain and source electrodes; a transparent ion-sensitive insulator detection layer disposed on the transparent substrate; transparent ion-selective membranes disposed on the transparent ion-sensitive insulator detection layer; and a reference electrode disposed between the transparent ion-selective membranes, and the oxygen detection electrochemical sensor comprises a transparent counter electrode, the reference electrode, and a transparent working electrode which are disposed on the transparent ion-sensitive insulator detection layer.