1. A method for recognizing and classifying banknotes comprising: acquiring sample information of brand new banknotes to be learned and banknote sample information to be recognized; establishing, according to a preset rule, a banknote sample signal degeneration model; inputting the sample information into the banknote sample signal degeneration model to acquire various banknote sample information corresponding to the brand new banknotes to be learned; inputting the various banknote sample information to perform classifier learning, and outputting a banknote classification model; and performing sample signal preprocessing and feature extraction on the sample information to be recognized, performing classification decision on the banknote to be recognized by using the classification model, and outputting a final classification result.