1. A non-transitory computer program product storing instructions that, when executed by at least one programmable processor, cause the at least one programmable processor to perform operations comprising: accessing an ordered history table of a database table, the ordered history table comprising a plurality of commit identifiers associated with one or more of updates, insertions, and deletions to values in the database table, the ordered history table comprising a sequential listing of the commit identifiers associated with first occurrences of changes to one or more of the values and a listing of the values corresponding to the sequential listing of the commit identifiers; traversing the ordered history table in a single pass to calculate an aggregation function using an optimized algorithm, to generate an aggregated metric of the values based on a selected method for tracking invalidated values to their corresponding commit identifiers, the selected method comprising generating an invalidation index using the optimized algorithm, the invalidation index being generated by indexing a commit identifier column in the ordered history table to positions in the ordered history table at which values are invalidated either by deletion or by being updated to another value, the invalidation index listing positions within the ordered history table at which invalidation occurs and being appended as additional updates or deletes of the values occur; generating the calculated metric for a current version of the database table based on traversing the ordered history table; and promoting the calculated metric.