1. A medical image analysis system for identifying an entity of the nervous system, comprising: a computer having one or more processors operable to execute instructions in memory, the instructions operable for: receiving by the processor target connectivity data including target connectivity information about the probability of a target entity being connected to other entities of the nervous system; wherein the target connectivity data includes at least a target connectivity data image data set and can be at least one voxel, region or structure within the target connectivity data image data set; receiving by the processor candidate connectivity data including candidate connectivity information about a probability of one of a plurality of candidate entities being connected to other entities of the nervous system; wherein the candidate connectivity data includes at least a candidate connectivity data image data set and can be a at least one voxel, region or structure within the candidate connectivity data image data set; and determining, by the instructions operating on the at least one processor, similarity data for each of the plurality of candidate entities on the basis of the candidate connectivity data and the target connectivity data, wherein the similarity data comprise similarity information about the similarity between the candidate entity and the target entity, wherein criteria are defined to find the candidate entity from the plurality of candidate entities which most likely represents the target entity.