1. A method for modeling the interactions within a system between at least one wave and at least one object, the surface of each object defining an interface between at least two media, wherein this method comprises the following steps: the set of elementary characteristic functions are chosen that correspond to the field of application in question, the physical properties of each medium considered composing the system are defined, the geometrical structure of each object of the system is defined by modeling it as a mesh, and at least one test point is positioned at the surface of each mesh element, at each test point, at least one test quantity is defined for each medium considered in order to establish continuity equations for the boundary conditions, at least one elementary point source is associated with either side of each mesh element, the objects are positioned with respect to one another within the space, media are associated with the volumes bounded by the objects, the type of boundary conditions are determined for each interface, the global matrix for the interactions between various objects is constructed, this matrix being formed from at least one matrix block characterizing the interactions between the objects taken in pairs, these interactions being linked to the propagation of the wave in the medium in question via the characteristic elementary functions chosen, the global matrix comprising, at the most, as many blocks as there are possible combinations between all the objects taken in pairs, the content of each block depending on the type of boundary conditions fixed at the test points, on the properties of the medium common to the two objects in question and on the geometrical configuration of these objects, the global matrix is inverted, the inverted matrix is multiplied by a column matrix containing the values of the excitation boundary conditions imposed by the user, and, where appropriate, zeros corresponding to the intrinsic boundary conditions, a column matrix is obtained that contains the values of all of the elementary point sources, at every observation point in the system, the physical quantities representative of the interactions within the system are calculated according to the regions of influence considered for the point sources; an analytical model of the interactions within the system is obtained.