1. A computer-implemented system comprising: a digital processing device comprising: at least one processor, an operating system configured to perform executable instructions, a memory, and a computer program including instructions executable by the digital processing device to create an application applying deep convolutional neural networks to medical images to generate a real-time or near real-time diagnosis or diagnostic recommendation, the application comprising: a) a software module performing image segmentation of a plurality of medical images, the image segmentation comprising isolating a region of interest from each image; b) a software module applying a cascaded deep convolutional neural network detection structure to the segmented images, the detection structure comprising: i) a first stage employing a first convolutional neural network to screen all possible locations in each 2D slice of the segmented medical images by a sliding window methodology to identify one or more candidate locations; and ii) a second stage employing a second convolutional neural network to screen 3D volumes constructed from the candidate locations by selecting at least one random location within each volume with a random scale and a random viewing angle to identify one or more refined locations and classifying the refined locations; and c) a software module automatically generating a report comprising a diagnosis or diagnostic recommendation.