1. An iterative method of decoding a code word received from a correcting code, the said code word being represented by an item of information regarding local likelihood of each bit of which it consists, the iterative method comprising the following steps: a step of analysing the extended spectrum of the words of the code to generate a table containing, for each bit of a code word, an item of information regarding distance between the said code word and the code word obtained by decoding and then re-encoding the said code word for which the value of a bit is erroneous, and for each bit of index i of a subset of the bits of the code word received, executing in an iterative manner the following steps: a step of decoding the said code word received, a step of calculating an item of information regarding overall likelihood IM(i) of the decoded code word, a step of comparing, onwards of the second iteration (i=2), the item of information regarding overall likelihood IM(i) calculated at the current iteration with the item of information regarding overall likelihood IM(i−1) calculated at the previous iteration, a step of modifying the amplitude and the sign of the item of information regarding local likelihood LLR(i) of a bit of index i of the said code word received, the selected index i corresponding to that index of the said table which is associated with the lowest distance in the table, from among the indices not selected at a previous iteration, onwards of the second iteration (i=2), if the item of information regarding overall likelihood IM(i) calculated at the current iteration is less than the item of information regarding overall likelihood IM(i−1) calculated at the previous iteration, a step of reinitializing the item of information, modified at the previous iteration, regarding local likelihood LLR(i−1) of the said bit of index i−1 of the said code word received.