1. A failure detection system comprising: an exascale machine comprising a supercomputer or a cluster capable of executing at least one exaFLOPS; a plurality of processors that comprise part of the exascale machine programmed to execute a programming thread that generates one or more chaotic map trajectories; where at least one of the plurality of processors is further programmed to detect a component failure through an automated comparison of signal trajectories generated by a plurality of chaotic maps; and where processing threads are inserted into application code that traces the execution paths of at least one tracer code.