1. A method, comprising: using a Markov chain, by a software program executable in a processor-based system, to model color spatial co-occurrence information of an image received by the processor-based system; accumulating, by the software program, a color spatial co-occurrence matrix of the image using the modeled color spatial co-occurrence information; calculating, by the software program, a Markov transition matrix from the co-occurrence matrix; and generating, by the software program, a Markov stationary color descriptor of the input image using the Markov transition matrix; wherein the Markov stationary color descriptor is a unique, invariant, and stable representation of the co-occurrence matrix.