1. A method for real-time mapping during surgery of the dorsolateral oscillatory region (DLOR) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN), the method comprising the steps of: (i) inserting one or more electrodes to the brain according to a predetermined insertion trajectory; (ii) advancing said one or more electrodes towards the estimated location of said DLOR of the STN; (iii) recording neurophysiological activity by said one or more electrodes along the insertion trajectory; (iv) calculating power spectral analysis values for the neurophysiological activity recorded along the insertion trajectory; and (v) using a Dynamic Bayesian Network based on part or all of the calculated power spectral analysis values along the insertion trajectory to assign to each selected point along the insertion trajectory one of the following regions with the highest probability value: 1. the DLOR of the STN; 2. the region in the insertion trajectory before the STN; 3. the region inside the nonoscillatory STN; or 4. the region in the insertion trajectory after the STN.