1. A learning analysis system for analyzing student performance and learning activity in a learning environment, the system comprising: an electronic computer processor programmed to execute the function of at least one engine; an inference engine programmed to receive at least the following input data: (a) student-learning data associated with one or more students performing at least one activity in a learning environment, (b) knowledge component model data including a mapping of at least one knowledge component to at least one activity to be performed by the student in the learning environment; and, wherein the inference engine is further programmed to generate, in response to the student-learning data and the knowledge component model data, at least one of a statistical probability distribution or a point estimate for at least the following components of a statistical model: (a) a learning state parameter representing a level of learning the student has attained for at least one knowledge component, (b) a skill dynamics parameter representing a relationship between practice and learning for each knowledge component, and (c) a variability parameter representing variability in the learning state parameter and the learning trajectory parameter across a population of multiple students.