1. A data processing method executed in a system including an information processing apparatus connected to a network, a memory device connected to the network, and a plurality of nodes connected to the network, where first data processing is performed using the plurality of nodes in parallel and second data processing is performed on a result of the first data processing, the data processing method comprising: splitting, by a processor included in the information processing apparatus, a data set including a plurality of segments into a first segment and a plurality of second segments with reference to previous results of the first data processing previously performed, which are stored in the memory device, the first segment being a segment for which one or more of the previous results stored in the memory device are usable as a result of performing the first data processing on the first segment, the plurality of second segments being segments for which the previous results stored in the memory device are not usable, wherein the data set includes elements of a prescribed parameter as a first set, the previous results are respectively associated with second sets of elements of the prescribed parameter included in corresponding data sets used for obtaining the previous results, and the one or more of the previous results that are usable for the first segment are respectively corresponding to one or more second sets associated with different elements that are a maximum number of elements all included in the first set; assigning, by the processor, the plurality of second segments to the plurality of nodes, and performing, by using the plurality of nodes in parallel, the first data processing on the plurality of second segments; and performing, by the processor, the second data processing on the one or more of the previous results corresponding to the first segment, which are stored in the memory device, and results obtained from the plurality of second segments using the plurality of nodes; wherein the splitting includes splitting the data set in such a way that a first block of the data set which has not previously been subjected to the first data processing and a second block of the data set which has previously been subjected to the first data processing but for which usable previous results are not stored in the memory device belong to different second segments; and wherein the using the plurality of nodes in parallel to perform the first data processing includes storing a result of performing the first data processing on the first block and a result of performing the first data processing on the second block separately in the memory.