1. A method for distributing specified data in a High-Performance Computing cluster, the High-Performance Computing cluster comprising a management node and M computation nodes where M is an integer greater than or equal to 2, the management node distributing the specified data to the M computation nodes, the method comprising: dividing the M computation nodes into m layers where m is an integer greater than or equal to 2; dividing the specified data into k shares where k is an integer greater than or equal to 2; distributing, by the management node, the k shares of data to a first layer of computation nodes as sub-nodes thereof, each of the first layer of computation nodes obtaining at least one share of data therein; distributing, by each of the computation nodes, the at least one share of data distributed by a parent node thereof to sub-computation nodes thereof; and requesting, by each of the computation nodes, the remaining specified data to other computation nodes, to thereby obtain all the specified data.