1. A cardiac medical device comprising: an implantable device body with an array of cardiac electrodes disposed thereon; the array including a plurality of electrode pairs disposed on the device body, each electrode pair including a first cardiac electrode electrically connected to a first electrical connection and having a first electrical pole, and a second cardiac electrode electrically connected to a second electrical connection and having a second electrical pole with an electrical potential different than the first electrical pole; the first and second electrodes comprising nanostructures that are configured to allow living cells to at least partially incorporate the nanostructures; wherein at least a portion of the nanostructures of the first electrodes are at least partially incorporated into the living cells; and wherein the electrode pairs are configured such that an electrical potential exists between the first and second electrodes of each electrode pair when the medical device is energized, and wherein the first and second electrodes of each electrode pair are spaced apart from one another via a distance between about 15 μm to about 75 μm.