1. A computer processor, comprising: a plurality of storage arrays, each configured to store a respective one of a plurality of segments for a data structure, wherein each segment includes a plurality of bits, wherein each bit corresponds to a respective position within the data structure; an execution core configured to store, in the data structure, an indication that a given value is a member of a set of values by executing an architected instruction having a first operand specifying the given value, a second operand identifying one of the plurality of storage arrays as a target storage array, and a third operand specifying one of the plurality of segments, wherein said executing includes: applying a hash function to the given value to determine an index value; and setting a bit in the target storage array, wherein the position of the set bit within the target storage array corresponds to the determined index value and the specified segment.