1. An entropy coding method for coding video prediction residual coefficients, comprising the steps of: step 1: zig-zag scanning coefficients of an image block to be coded to form a sequence of (level, run) pairs; step 2: selecting a type of code table for coding a current image block to be coded according to a type of macro block in which the image block exists, in which, the said code table is 2D-VLC structure, containing mapping relationship between (level, run) pairs, EOB and their codeword; step 3: coding each (level, run) pair in the sequence of (level, run) pairs obtained in step 1 according to the code table selected in step 2; if (level, run) to be coded is covered in the code table, then obtaining the code word directly from the code table, and then converting the code word into an Exp-Golomb code; if (level, run) to be coded is not covered in the code table, first coding an escape_code, and then converting “level” and “run” into an Exp-Golomb code respectively; step 4: coding a flag of End of Block EOB.