1. A method for locating a sensor data stored in a distributed data system, comprising the steps of: obtaining an index table for the distributed data system; intercepting a query for sensor data in runtime; extracting a characteristic parameter from a condition of the query, wherein the characteristic parameter includes at least one of a temporal parameter and a spatial parameter of the sensor data; locating, in the index table, a block identifier of one or more storage blocks of the distributed data system that include sensor data corresponding to the characteristic parameter, wherein the block identifier identifies a location of the one or more storage blocks in the distributed data system; and loading only the one or more storage blocks of the distributed data system into a memory space of a working processor that correspond to the block identifier; wherein said index table contains mapping relationships between block identifiers of storage blocks of the distributed data system and characteristic attributes of the sensor data, wherein the characteristic attributes of the sensor data includes at least one of a temporal parameter and a spatial parameter of the sensor data and wherein the index table is created prior to intercepting the query.