1. A network configuration system based on the locations of devices, comprising: at least one server, each of which includes: a storage module for storing a network management table in advance, the network management table including node information, network port numbers, and operational IP addresses; a receiving module for receiving a configuration request and link layer discovery protocol (LLDP) information; a configuring module for sending a transient network configuration according to the configuration request; and a searching module for comparing the source address and network port number of the LLDP information with the node information and the network port numbers in the network management table when the LLDP information is determined to have a change, thereby finding a matched operational IP address, and using the matched operational IP address as an actual network configuration to be sent; and at least one node, each of which includes: an initializing module for establishing an address analyzing table through the LLDP and broadcasting the configuration request; a processing module for using the transient network configuration to set the network configuration after receiving the transient network configuration and, after the completion of the network configuration, continuously generating the LLDP information according to the address analyzing table and sending the LLDP information to the server; and a setting module for re-setting the network configuration according to the actual network configuration after receiving the actual network configuration.