1. A database management method, comprising: dividing, by a database system, a data partition into a physical partition layer and a logical partition layer, wherein the physical partition layer is configured to store a physical partition segment of the database system, wherein the physical partition segment is a set of all data records in a partition table, wherein the logical partition layer is configured to store a logical partition segment of the database system to provide logical partition information of the partition table, and wherein the logical partition segment and the physical partition segment are mapped to each other using a mapping relationship; receiving, by the database system, a data operation instruction of a user; determining a logical partition segment to which a data record that is requested for operation by the data operation instruction belongs; and determining, by the database system according to the data operation instruction and the mapping relationship, a physical partition segment that is corresponding to the determined logical partition segment and at the physical partition layer to perform an operation on the data record that is requested for operation by the data operation instruction.