title: CentOS: Sudo: unable to initialize policy plugin
body: <p>i have just installed sudo in  my fresh centos server and its install successfully with command:</p>
  
  <pre><code>yum install sudo
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>Now when i am typing <code>sudo</code> its showing error:</p>
  
  <pre><code>[root@server etc]# sudo
  sudo: &gt;&gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers: syntax error near line 9 &lt;&lt;&lt;
  sudo: &gt;&gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers: syntax error near line 14 &lt;&lt;&lt;
  sudo: &gt;&gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers: syntax error near line 19 &lt;&lt;&lt;
  sudo: &gt;&gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers: syntax error near line 19 &lt;&lt;&lt;
  sudo: &gt;&gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers: syntax error near line 21 &lt;&lt;&lt;
  sudo: &gt;&gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers: syntax error near line 23 &lt;&lt;&lt;
  sudo: &gt;&gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers: syntax error near line 25 &lt;&lt;&lt;
  sudo: &gt;&gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers: syntax error near line 27 &lt;&lt;&lt;
  sudo: &gt;&gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers: syntax error near line 29 &lt;&lt;&lt;
  sudo: &gt;&gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers: syntax error near line 31 &lt;&lt;&lt;
  sudo: &gt;&gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers: syntax error near line 33 &lt;&lt;&lt;
  sudo: &gt;&gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers: syntax error near line 35 &lt;&lt;&lt;
  sudo: &gt;&gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers: syntax error near line 37 &lt;&lt;&lt;
  sudo: &gt;&gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers: syntax error near line 38 &lt;&lt;&lt;
  sudo: &gt;&gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers: syntax error near line 41 &lt;&lt;&lt;
  sudo: &gt;&gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers: syntax error near line 41 &lt;&lt;&lt;
  sudo: &gt;&gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers: syntax error near line 48 &lt;&lt;&lt;
  sudo: &gt;&gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers: syntax error near line 48 &lt;&lt;&lt;
  sudo: &gt;&gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers: syntax error near line 48 &lt;&lt;&lt;
  sudo: &gt;&gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers: syntax error near line 48 &lt;&lt;&lt;
  sudo: &gt;&gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers: syntax error near line 48 &lt;&lt;&lt;
  sudo: &gt;&gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers: syntax error near line 48 &lt;&lt;&lt;
  sudo: &gt;&gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers: syntax error near line 48 &lt;&lt;&lt;
  sudo: &gt;&gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers: syntax error near line 48 &lt;&lt;&lt;
  sudo: &gt;&gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers: syntax error near line 48 &lt;&lt;&lt;
  sudo: &gt;&gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers: syntax error near line 53 &lt;&lt;&lt;
  sudo: &gt;&gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers: syntax error near line 54 &lt;&lt;&lt;
  sudo: &gt;&gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers: syntax error near line 64 &lt;&lt;&lt;
  sudo: &gt;&gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers: syntax error near line 65 &lt;&lt;&lt;
  sudo: &gt;&gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers: syntax error near line 68 &lt;&lt;&lt;
  sudo: &gt;&gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers: syntax error near line 70 &lt;&lt;&lt;
  sudo: &gt;&gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers: syntax error near line 72 &lt;&lt;&lt;
  sudo: &gt;&gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers: syntax error near line 75 &lt;&lt;&lt;
  sudo: &gt;&gt;&gt; /etc/sudoers: syntax error near line 77 &lt;&lt;&lt;
  sudo: parse error in /etc/sudoers near line 9
  sudo: no valid sudoers sources found, quitting
  sudo: unable to initialize policy plugin
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>can any one tell me what's wrong with <code>sudo</code></p>
  
  <p>Here my sudo config file:</p>
  
  <pre><code>## Sudoers allows particular users to run various commands as
  ## the root user, without needing the root password.
  ##
  ## Examples are provided at the bottom of the file for collections
  ## of related commands, which can then be delegated out to particular
  ## users or groups.
  ## 
  ## This file must be edited with the 'visudo' command.
  
  ## Host Aliases
  ## Groups of machines. You may prefer to use hostnames (perhaps using 
  ## wildcards for entire domains) or IP addresses instead.
  # Host_Alias     FILESERVERS = fs1, fs2
  # Host_Alias     MAILSERVERS = smtp, smtp2
  
  ## User Aliases
  ## These aren't often necessary, as you can use regular groups
  ## (ie, from files, LDAP, NIS, etc) in this file - just use %groupname 
  ## rather than USERALIAS
  # User_Alias ADMINS = jsmith, mikem
  
  
  ## Command Aliases
  ## These are groups of related commands...
  
  ## Networking
  # Cmnd_Alias NETWORKING = /sbin/route, /sbin/ifconfig, /bin/ping, /sbin/dhclient, /usr/bin/net, /sbin/iptables, /usr/bin/rfcomm, /usr/bin/wvdial, /sbin/iwconfig, /sbin/mii-tool
  
  ## Installation and management of software
  # Cmnd_Alias SOFTWARE = /bin/rpm, /usr/bin/up2date, /usr/bin/yum
  
  ## Services
  # Cmnd_Alias SERVICES = /sbin/service, /sbin/chkconfig
  
  ## Updating the locate database
  # Cmnd_Alias LOCATE = /usr/bin/updatedb
  
  ## Storage
  # Cmnd_Alias STORAGE = /sbin/fdisk, /sbin/sfdisk, /sbin/parted, /sbin/partprobe, /bin/mount, /bin/umount
  
  ## Delegating permissions
  # Cmnd_Alias DELEGATING = /usr/sbin/visudo, /bin/chown, /bin/chmod, /bin/chgrp 
  
  ## Processes
  # Cmnd_Alias PROCESSES = /bin/nice, /bin/kill, /usr/bin/kill, /usr/bin/killall
  
  ## Drivers
  # Cmnd_Alias DRIVERS = /sbin/modprobe
  
  # Defaults specification
  
  #
  # Refuse to run if unable to disable echo on the tty.
  #
  Defaults   !visiblepw
  
  #
  # Preserving HOME has security implications since many programs
  # use it when searching for configuration files. Note that HOME
  # is already set when the the env_reset option is enabled, so
  # this option is only effective for configurations where either
  # env_reset is disabled or HOME is present in the env_keep list.
  #
  Defaults    always_set_home
  
  Defaults    env_reset
  Defaults    env_keep =  "COLORS DISPLAY HOSTNAME HISTSIZE INPUTRC KDEDIR LS_COLORS"
  Defaults    env_keep += "MAIL PS1 PS2 QTDIR USERNAME LANG LC_ADDRESS LC_CTYPE"
  Defaults    env_keep += "LC_COLLATE LC_IDENTIFICATION LC_MEASUREMENT LC_MESSAGES"
  Defaults    env_keep += "LC_MONETARY LC_NAME LC_NUMERIC LC_PAPER LC_TELEPHONE"
  Defaults    env_keep += "LC_TIME LC_ALL LANGUAGE LINGUAS _XKB_CHARSET XAUTHORITY"
  
  #
  # Adding HOME to env_keep may enable a user to run unrestricted
  # commands via sudo.
  #
  # Defaults   env_keep += "HOME"
  
  Defaults    secure_path = /sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
  
  ## Next comes the main part: which users can run what software on 
  ## which machines (the sudoers file can be shared between multiple
  ## systems).
  ## Syntax:
  ##
  ##  user    MACHINE=COMMANDS
  ##
  ## The COMMANDS section may have other options added to it.
  ##
  ## Allow root to run any commands anywhere 
  root    ALL=(ALL)   ALL
  
  ## Allows members of the 'sys' group to run networking, software, 
  ## service management apps and more.
  # %sys ALL = NETWORKING, SOFTWARE, SERVICES, STORAGE, DELEGATING, PROCESSES, LOCATE, DRIVERS
  
  ## Allows people in group wheel to run all commands
  # %wheel    ALL=(ALL)   ALL
  
  ## Same thing without a password
  # %wheel    ALL=(ALL)   NOPASSWD: ALL
  
  ## Allows members of the users group to mount and unmount the 
  ## cdrom as root
  # %users  ALL=/sbin/mount /mnt/cdrom, /sbin/umount /mnt/cdrom
  
  ## Allows members of the users group to shutdown this system
  # %users  localhost=/sbin/shutdown -h now
  
  ## Read drop-in files from /etc/sudoers.d (the # here does not mean a comment)
  #includedir /etc/sudoers.d
  </code></pre>