title: Linux process virtual address space's address range
body: <p>I'm on 32bit machine. From what I understand, User space's address ranges from <code>0x00000000</code> to <code>0xbfffffff</code>, and kernel's ranges from <code>0xc0000000</code> to <code>0xffffffff</code>.</p>
  
  <p>But when I used pmap to see a process's memory allocation, I see that the library are loaded in around <code>0xf7777777</code>. Please see the attached screenshot. Does it mean those libraries are loaded in kernel space? And when I used <code>mmap()</code>, I got the address from <code>0xe0000000</code>. So, <code>mmap()</code> got memory from kernel space?</p>
  
  <p><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/883lr.png" alt="enter image description here"></p>