title: Laravel - call to undefined method illuminate\Foundation\Application::bindshared()
body: <p>I installed codeception and same other packages. before I install them, I can run <code>composer update</code> or <code>php artisan</code> normally without having any errors. But once I installed them suddenly when I run <code>composer update</code> or <code>php artisan</code> it results in this <code>bindshared()</code> error and I've no idea how to fix this.</p>
  
  <p>here's my <code>composer.json</code> file :</p>
  
  <pre><code>{
  "name": "laravel/laravel",
  "description": "The Laravel Framework.",
  "keywords": ["framework", "laravel"],
  "license": "MIT",
  "type": "project",
  "require": {
      "php": "&gt;=5.5.9",
      "laravel/framework": "5.2.*",
      "laravelcollective/html" : "~5.2",
      "laracasts/commander": "~1.0"
  },
  "require-dev": {
      "fzaninotto/faker": "~1.4",
      "mockery/mockery": "0.9.*",
      "phpunit/phpunit": "~4.0",
      "symfony/css-selector": "2.8.*|3.0.*",
      "symfony/dom-crawler": "2.8.*|3.0.*",
      "doctrine/dbal" : "2.5.*",
      "laracasts/generators": "^1.1",
      "laracasts/testdummy": "~2.0"
  },
  "autoload": {
      "classmap": [
          "database"
      ],
      "psr-4": {
          "App\\": "app/"
      }
  },
  "autoload-dev": {
      "classmap": [
          "tests/TestCase.php"
      ]
  },
  "scripts": {
      "post-root-package-install": [
          "php -r \"copy('.env.example', '.env');\""
      ],
      "post-create-project-cmd": [
          "php artisan key:generate"
      ],
      "post-install-cmd": [
          "php artisan clear-compiled",
          "php artisan optimize"
      ],
      "pre-update-cmd": [
          "php artisan clear-compiled"
      ],
      "post-update-cmd": [
          "php artisan optimize"
      ]
  },
  "config": {
      "preferred-install": "dist"
  }}
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>here's my <code>app.php</code> file :</p>
  
  <pre><code>&lt;?php
  
  return [
  
  /*
  |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
  | Application Environment
  |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
  |
  | This value determines the "environment" your application is currently
  | running in. This may determine how you prefer to configure various
  | services your application utilizes. Set this in your ".env" file.
  |
  */
  
  'env' =&gt; env('APP_ENV', 'production'),
  
  /*
  |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
  | Application Debug Mode
  |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
  |
  | When your application is in debug mode, detailed error messages with
  | stack traces will be shown on every error that occurs within your
  | application. If disabled, a simple generic error page is shown.
  |
  */
  
  'debug' =&gt; env('APP_DEBUG', false),
  
  /*
  |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
  | Application URL
  |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
  |
  | This URL is used by the console to properly generate URLs when using
  | the Artisan command line tool. You should set this to the root of
  | your application so that it is used when running Artisan tasks.
  |
  */
  
  'url' =&gt; 'http://localhost',
  
  /*
  |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
  | Application Timezone
  |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
  |
  | Here you may specify the default timezone for your application, which
  | will be used by the PHP date and date-time functions. We have gone
  | ahead and set this to a sensible default for you out of the box.
  |
  */
  
  'timezone' =&gt; 'UTC',
  
  /*
  |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
  | Application Locale Configuration
  |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
  |
  | The application locale determines the default locale that will be used
  | by the translation service provider. You are free to set this value
  | to any of the locales which will be supported by the application.
  |
  */
  
  'locale' =&gt; 'en',
  
  /*
  |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
  | Application Fallback Locale
  |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
  |
  | The fallback locale determines the locale to use when the current one
  | is not available. You may change the value to correspond to any of
  | the language folders that are provided through your application.
  |
  */
  
  'fallback_locale' =&gt; 'en',
  
  /*
  |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
  | Encryption Key
  |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
  |
  | This key is used by the Illuminate encrypter service and should be set
  | to a random, 32 character string, otherwise these encrypted strings
  | will not be safe. Please do this before deploying an application!
  |
  */
  
  'key' =&gt; env('APP_KEY'),
  
  'cipher' =&gt; 'AES-256-CBC',
  
  /*
  |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
  | Logging Configuration
  |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
  |
  | Here you may configure the log settings for your application. Out of
  | the box, Laravel uses the Monolog PHP logging library. This gives
  | you a variety of powerful log handlers / formatters to utilize.
  |
  | Available Settings: "single", "daily", "syslog", "errorlog"
  |
  */
  
  'log' =&gt; env('APP_LOG', 'single'),
  
  /*
  |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
  | Autoloaded Service Providers
  |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
  |
  | The service providers listed here will be automatically loaded on the
  | request to your application. Feel free to add your own services to
  | this array to grant expanded functionality to your applications.
  |
  */
  
  'providers' =&gt; [
  
      /*
       * Laravel Framework Service Providers...
       */
      Illuminate\Auth\AuthServiceProvider::class,
      Illuminate\Broadcasting\BroadcastServiceProvider::class,
      Illuminate\Bus\BusServiceProvider::class,
      Illuminate\Cache\CacheServiceProvider::class,
      Illuminate\Foundation\Providers\ConsoleSupportServiceProvider::class,
      Illuminate\Cookie\CookieServiceProvider::class,
      Illuminate\Database\DatabaseServiceProvider::class,
      Illuminate\Encryption\EncryptionServiceProvider::class,
      Illuminate\Filesystem\FilesystemServiceProvider::class,
      Illuminate\Foundation\Providers\FoundationServiceProvider::class,
      Illuminate\Hashing\HashServiceProvider::class,
      Illuminate\Mail\MailServiceProvider::class,
      Illuminate\Pagination\PaginationServiceProvider::class,
      Illuminate\Pipeline\PipelineServiceProvider::class,
      Illuminate\Queue\QueueServiceProvider::class,
      Illuminate\Redis\RedisServiceProvider::class,
      Illuminate\Auth\Passwords\PasswordResetServiceProvider::class,
      Illuminate\Session\SessionServiceProvider::class,
      Illuminate\Translation\TranslationServiceProvider::class,
      Illuminate\Validation\ValidationServiceProvider::class,
      Illuminate\View\ViewServiceProvider::class,
      Collective\Html\HtmlServiceProvider::class,
      Laracasts\Generators\GeneratorsServiceProvider::class,
      Laracasts\Commander\CommanderServiceProvider::class,
  
      /*
       * Application Service Providers...
       */
      App\Providers\AppServiceProvider::class,
      App\Providers\AuthServiceProvider::class,
      App\Providers\EventServiceProvider::class,
      App\Providers\RouteServiceProvider::class,
  
  ],
  
  /*
  |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
  | Class Aliases
  |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
  |
  | This array of class aliases will be registered when this application
  | is started. However, feel free to register as many as you wish as
  | the aliases are "lazy" loaded so they don't hinder performance.
  |
  */
  
  'aliases' =&gt; [
  
      'App'       =&gt; Illuminate\Support\Facades\App::class,
      'Artisan'   =&gt; Illuminate\Support\Facades\Artisan::class,
      'Auth'      =&gt; Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth::class,
      'Blade'     =&gt; Illuminate\Support\Facades\Blade::class,
      'Cache'     =&gt; Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache::class,
      'Config'    =&gt; Illuminate\Support\Facades\Config::class,
      'Cookie'    =&gt; Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cookie::class,
      'Crypt'     =&gt; Illuminate\Support\Facades\Crypt::class,
      'DB'        =&gt; Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB::class,
      'Eloquent'  =&gt; Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model::class,
      'Event'     =&gt; Illuminate\Support\Facades\Event::class,
      'File'      =&gt; Illuminate\Support\Facades\File::class,
      'Gate'      =&gt; Illuminate\Support\Facades\Gate::class,
      'Hash'      =&gt; Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash::class,
      'Lang'      =&gt; Illuminate\Support\Facades\Lang::class,
      'Log'       =&gt; Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log::class,
      'Mail'      =&gt; Illuminate\Support\Facades\Mail::class,
      'Password'  =&gt; Illuminate\Support\Facades\Password::class,
      'Queue'     =&gt; Illuminate\Support\Facades\Queue::class,
      'Redirect'  =&gt; Illuminate\Support\Facades\Redirect::class,
      'Redis'     =&gt; Illuminate\Support\Facades\Redis::class,
      'Request'   =&gt; Illuminate\Support\Facades\Request::class,
      'Response'  =&gt; Illuminate\Support\Facades\Response::class,
      'Route'     =&gt; Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route::class,
      'Schema'    =&gt; Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema::class,
      'Session'   =&gt; Illuminate\Support\Facades\Session::class,
      'Storage'   =&gt; Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage::class,
      'URL'       =&gt; Illuminate\Support\Facades\URL::class,
      'Validator' =&gt; Illuminate\Support\Facades\Validator::class,
      'View'      =&gt; Illuminate\Support\Facades\View::class,
      'Form'      =&gt; Collective\Html\FormFacade::class,
      'Html'      =&gt; Collective\Html\HtmlFacade::class,
  
  ],
  ];
  </code></pre>
  
  <p><a href="https://i.stack.imgur.com/9e18f.jpg" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/9e18f.jpg" alt="enter image description here"></a></p>
  
  <p>Does anyone know how to fix this and why this error shows up?</p>