title: error "Undefinded method "load_defaults" " when trying to deploy app on Heroku
body: <p>I'm new to ruby and rails programming, so I've been following the railstutorial.org online book, and came across an obstacle that I haven't been able to solve for a couple hours:</p>
  
  <p>After running "git push heroku master" in Bash, I get the following:</p>
  
  <pre><code>Counting objects: 90, done.
  Delta compression using up to 4 threads.
  Compressing objects: 100% (76/76), done.
  Writing objects: 100% (90/90), 21.30 KiB | 0 bytes/s, done.
  Total 90 (delta 5), reused 0 (delta 0)
  remote: Compressing source files... done.
  remote: Building source:
  remote: 
  remote:  !     Warning: Multiple default buildpacks reported the ability to handle this app. The first buildpack in the list below will be used.
  remote:             Detected buildpacks: Ruby,Node.js
  remote:             See https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/buildpacks#buildpack-detect-order
  remote: -----&gt; Ruby app detected
  remote: -----&gt; Compiling Ruby/Rails
  remote: -----&gt; Using Ruby version: ruby-2.3.4
  remote: -----&gt; Installing dependencies using bundler 1.13.7
  remote:        Running: bundle install --without development:test --path vendor/bundle --binstubs vendor/bundle/bin -j4 --deployment
  remote:        Warning: the running version of Bundler (1.13.7) is older than the version that created the lockfile (1.14.6). We suggest you upgrade to the latest version of Bundler by running `gem install bundler`.
  remote:        Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/.........
  remote:        Fetching version metadata from https://rubygems.org/..
  remote:        Fetching dependency metadata from https://rubygems.org/.
  remote:        Installing i18n 0.8.1
  remote:        Installing rake 12.0.0
  remote:        Installing concurrent-ruby 1.0.5
  remote:        Installing minitest 5.10.1
  remote:        Installing thread_safe 0.3.6
  remote:        Installing builder 3.2.3
  remote:        Installing erubis 2.7.0
  remote:        Installing mini_portile2 2.1.0
  remote:        Installing rack 2.0.1
  remote:        Installing nio4r 1.2.1 with native extensions
  remote:        Installing websocket-extensions 0.1.2
  remote:        Installing mime-types-data 3.2016.0521
  remote:        Installing arel 7.1.4
  remote:        Installing coffee-script-source 1.12.2
  remote:        Installing execjs 2.7.0
  remote:        Installing method_source 0.8.2
  remote:        Installing thor 0.19.4
  remote:        Installing multi_json 1.12.1
  remote:        Installing pg 0.18.4 with native extensions
  remote:        Installing puma 3.4.0 with native extensions
  remote:        Using bundler 1.13.7
  remote:        Installing sass 3.4.23
  remote:        Installing tilt 2.0.7
  remote:        Installing turbolinks-source 5.0.3
  remote:        Installing tzinfo 1.2.3
  remote:        Installing nokogiri 1.7.1 with native extensions
  remote:        Installing rack-test 0.6.3
  remote:        Installing sprockets 3.7.1
  remote:        Installing websocket-driver 0.6.5 with native extensions
  remote:        Installing mime-types 3.1
  remote:        Installing coffee-script 2.4.1
  remote:        Installing uglifier 3.0.0
  remote:        Installing turbolinks 5.0.1
  remote:        Installing activesupport 5.0.1
  remote:        Installing mail 2.6.5
  remote:        Installing globalid 0.4.0
  remote:        Installing activemodel 5.0.1
  remote:        Installing jbuilder 2.4.1
  remote:        Installing activejob 5.0.1
  remote:        Installing activerecord 5.0.1
  remote:        Installing rails-dom-testing 2.0.2
  remote:        Installing loofah 2.0.3
  remote:        Installing rails-html-sanitizer 1.0.3
  remote:        Installing actionview 5.0.1
  remote:        Installing actionpack 5.0.1
  remote:        Installing actionmailer 5.0.1
  remote:        Installing actioncable 5.0.1
  remote:        Installing railties 5.0.1
  remote:        Installing sprockets-rails 3.2.0
  remote:        Installing rails 5.0.1
  remote:        Installing coffee-rails 4.2.1
  remote:        Installing jquery-rails 4.1.1
  remote:        Installing sass-rails 5.0.6
  remote:        Bundle complete! 16 Gemfile dependencies, 53 gems now installed.
  remote:        Gems in the groups development and test were not installed.
  remote:        Bundled gems are installed into ./vendor/bundle.
  remote:        Bundle completed (25.85s)
  remote:        Cleaning up the bundler cache.
  remote: -----&gt; Installing node-v6.10.0-linux-x64
  remote: -----&gt; Detecting rake tasks
  remote: sh: 2: Syntax error: Unterminated quoted string
  remote: sh: 2: Syntax error: Unterminated quoted string
  remote:  !
  remote:  !     Could not detect rake tasks
  remote:  !     ensure you can run `$ bundle exec rake -P` against your app
  remote:  !     and using the production group of your Gemfile.
  remote:  !     rake aborted!
  remote:  !     NoMethodError: undefined method `load_defaults' for #&lt;Rails::Application::Configuration:0x007fe95df68030&gt;
  remote:  !     /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.0.1/lib/rails/railtie/configuration.rb:95:in `method_missing'
  remote:  !     /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/config/application.rb:12:in `&lt;class:Application&gt;'
  remote:  !     /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/config/application.rb:10:in `&lt;module:HelloApp&gt;'
  remote:  !     /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/config/application.rb:9:in `&lt;top (required)&gt;'
  remote:  !     /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/Rakefile:4:in `require_relative'
  remote:  !     /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/Rakefile:4:in `&lt;top (required)&gt;'
  remote:  !     /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/rake_module.rb:28:in `load'
  remote:  !     /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/rake_module.rb:28:in `load_rakefile'
  remote:  !     /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:687:in `raw_load_rakefile'
  remote:  !     /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:96:in `block in load_rakefile'
  remote:  !     /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:178:in `standard_exception_handling'
  remote:  !     /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:95:in `load_rakefile'
  remote:  !     /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:79:in `block in run'
  remote:  !     /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:178:in `standard_exception_handling'
  remote:  !     /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:77:in `run'
  remote:  !     /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/exe/rake:27:in `&lt;top (required)&gt;'
  remote:  !     vendor/bundle/bin/rake:17:in `load'
  remote:  !     vendor/bundle/bin/rake:17:in `&lt;main&gt;'
  remote:  !
  remote: /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/helpers/rake_runner.rb:102:in `load_rake_tasks!': Could not detect rake tasks (LanguagePack::Helpers::RakeRunner::CannotLoadRakefileError)
  remote: ensure you can run `$ bundle exec rake -P` against your app
  remote: and using the production group of your Gemfile.
  remote: rake aborted!
  remote: NoMethodError: undefined method `load_defaults' for #&lt;Rails::Application::Configuration:0x007fe95df68030&gt;
  remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.0.1/lib/rails/railtie/configuration.rb:95:in `method_missing'
  remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/config/application.rb:12:in `&lt;class:Application&gt;'
  remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/config/application.rb:10:in `&lt;module:HelloApp&gt;'
  remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/config/application.rb:9:in `&lt;top (required)&gt;'
  remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/Rakefile:4:in `require_relative'
  remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/Rakefile:4:in `&lt;top (required)&gt;'
  remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/rake_module.rb:28:in `load'
  remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/rake_module.rb:28:in `load_rakefile'
  remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:687:in `raw_load_rakefile'
  remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:96:in `block in load_rakefile'
  remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:178:in `standard_exception_handling'
  remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:95:in `load_rakefile'
  remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:79:in `block in run'
  remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:178:in `standard_exception_handling'
  remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:77:in `run'
  remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/exe/rake:27:in `&lt;top (required)&gt;'
  remote: vendor/bundle/bin/rake:17:in `load'
  remote: vendor/bundle/bin/rake:17:in `&lt;main&gt;'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/ruby.rb:757:in `rake'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/rails4.rb:77:in `block (2 levels) in run_assets_precompile_rake_task'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:132:in `log'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/rails4.rb:71:in `block in run_assets_precompile_rake_task'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:18:in `block (2 levels) in instrument'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:40:in `yield_with_block_depth'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:17:in `block in instrument'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/vendor/ruby/cedar-14/lib/ruby/2.3.0/benchmark.rb:308:in `realtime'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:16:in `instrument'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:49:in `instrument'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:45:in `instrument'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/rails4.rb:70:in `run_assets_precompile_rake_task'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/ruby.rb:109:in `block (2 levels) in compile'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/ruby.rb:778:in `allow_git'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/ruby.rb:103:in `block in compile'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:18:in `block (2 levels) in instrument'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:40:in `yield_with_block_depth'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:17:in `block in instrument'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/vendor/ruby/cedar-14/lib/ruby/2.3.0/benchmark.rb:308:in `realtime'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:16:in `instrument'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:49:in `instrument'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:45:in `instrument'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/ruby.rb:92:in `compile'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/rails2.rb:57:in `block in compile'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:18:in `block (2 levels) in instrument'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:40:in `yield_with_block_depth'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:17:in `block in instrument'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/vendor/ruby/cedar-14/lib/ruby/2.3.0/benchmark.rb:308:in `realtime'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:16:in `instrument'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:49:in `instrument'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:45:in `instrument'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/rails2.rb:55:in `compile'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/rails3.rb:42:in `block in compile'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:18:in `block (2 levels) in instrument'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:40:in `yield_with_block_depth'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:17:in `block in instrument'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/vendor/ruby/cedar-14/lib/ruby/2.3.0/benchmark.rb:308:in `realtime'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:16:in `instrument'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:49:in `instrument'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:45:in `instrument'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/rails3.rb:41:in `compile'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/rails4.rb:41:in `block in compile'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:18:in `block (2 levels) in instrument'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:40:in `yield_with_block_depth'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:17:in `block in instrument'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/vendor/ruby/cedar-14/lib/ruby/2.3.0/benchmark.rb:308:in `realtime'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:16:in `instrument'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:49:in `instrument'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:45:in `instrument'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/rails4.rb:40:in `compile'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/bin/support/ruby_compile:20:in `block (2 levels) in &lt;main&gt;'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:132:in `log'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/bin/support/ruby_compile:19:in `block in &lt;main&gt;'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:35:in `block in trace'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:18:in `block (2 levels) in instrument'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:40:in `yield_with_block_depth'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:17:in `block in instrument'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/vendor/ruby/cedar-14/lib/ruby/2.3.0/benchmark.rb:308:in `realtime'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:16:in `instrument'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:35:in `trace'
  remote:     from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/bin/support/ruby_compile:15:in `&lt;main&gt;'
  remote:  !     Push rejected, failed to compile Ruby app.
  remote: 
  remote:  !     Push failed
  remote: Verifying deploy...
  remote: 
  remote: !   Push rejected to cryptic-bastion-24389.
  remote: 
  To https://git.heroku.com/cryptic-bastion-24389.git
   ! [remote rejected] master -&gt; master (pre-receive hook declined)
  error: failed to push some refs to 'https://git.heroku.com/cryptic-bastion-24389.git'
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>Noting the message:</p>
  
  <pre><code>remote: -----&gt; Installing node-v6.10.0-linux-x64
  remote: -----&gt; Detecting rake tasks
  remote: sh: 2: Syntax error: Unterminated quoted string
  remote: sh: 2: Syntax error: Unterminated quoted string
  remote:  !
  remote:  !     Could not detect rake tasks
  remote:  !     ensure you can run `$ bundle exec rake -P` against your app
  remote:  !     and using the production group of your Gemfile.
  remote:  !     rake aborted!
  remote:  !     NoMethodError: undefined method `load_defaults' for #&lt;Rails::Application::Configuration:0x007fe95df68030&gt;
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>I looked up code in my files to see where "load_defaults" was being called and it seems to be from the file application.rb in my app's directory > config</p>
  
  <pre><code>require_relative 'boot'
  
  require 'rails/all'
  
  # Require the gems listed in Gemfile, including any gems
  # you've limited to :test, :development, or :production.
  Bundler.require(*Rails.groups)
  
  module HelloApp
    class Application &lt; Rails::Application
      # Initialize configuration defaults for originally generated Rails version.
      config.load_defaults 5.1
  
      # Settings in config/environments/* take precedence over those specified here.
      # Application configuration should go into files in config/initializers
      # -- all .rb files in that directory are automatically loaded.
    end
  end
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>However I have tried looking up the same error message and executing all suggested messages and I still haven't been able to push my app to Heroku, always getting the exact same error again. I'm still not sure what 
  "remote: sh: 2: Syntax error: Unterminated quoted string" even means yet. </p>
  
  <p>I assume the whole problem is something related to my gems so here is the content of my Gemfile file:</p>
  
  <pre><code>source 'https://rubygems.org'
  
  gem 'rails',        '5.0.1'
  gem 'puma',         '3.4.0'
  gem 'sass-rails',   '5.0.6'
  gem 'uglifier',     '3.0.0'
  gem 'coffee-rails', '4.2.1'
  gem 'jquery-rails', '4.1.1'
  gem 'turbolinks',   '5.0.1'
  gem 'jbuilder',     '2.4.1'
  
  group :development, :test do
    gem 'sqlite3', '1.3.12'
    gem 'byebug',  '9.0.0', platform: :mri
  end
  
  group :development do
    gem 'web-console',           '3.1.1'
    gem 'listen',                '3.0.8'
    gem 'spring',                '1.7.2'
    gem 'spring-watcher-listen', '2.0.0'
  end
  
  group :production do
    gem 'pg', '0.18.4'
  end
  
  # Windows does not include zoneinfo files, so bundle the tzinfo-data gem
  gem 'tzinfo-data', platforms: [:mingw, :mswin, :x64_mingw, :jruby]
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>Yes I have executed bundle install --without production before anything. No luck from the beginning. AFAIK I followed all the steps in the first chapter of railstutorial book.</p>
  
  <p>Output of either "bundle exec install" </p>
  
  <pre><code>install: missing file operand 
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>and "bundle exec install?", </p>
  
  <pre><code>sh: 1: install?: not found
  </code></pre>