title: System.IO.FileNotFoundException: Could not load file or assembly 'X' or one of its dependencies when deploying the application
body: <p>I'm having a strange problem with deploying an application, which references an assembly, written in managed c++.</p>
  
  <p>I've created an assembly X, compiled it and referenced it in an exe file, called Starter.</p>
  
  <p>Starter.exe starts normally on local mashine. However, when I copy ALL contents of the starter debug  folder to a virtual mashine, and try to start it there, it crashes with following exception:</p>
  
  <pre><code>Unhandled Exception: System.IO.FileNotFoundException: Could not load file or 
  assembly 'X' or one of its dependencies. The specified module could not be found.
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>This does not make any sense to me, because X is right in the same folder as Starter.exe.</p>
  
  <p>What could be causing this problem?</p>
  
  <p><em>UPDATE</em></p>
  
  <p>I've examined the dependencies in Reflector on the target machine, and it was able to find files for all of those.</p>
  
  <p>I've also changed the configurations to x86/win32 for all projects.</p>
  
  <p><em>UPDATE</em></p>
  
  <p>Here are the logs from Fusion Log (location: C:\FusionLog\Default\Starter.exe\X, Version=1.0.4538.22813, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null.HTM):</p>
  
  <pre><code>*** Assembly Binder Log Entry  (6/4/2012 @ 1:56:13 PM) ***
  
  The operation was successful.
  Bind result: hr = 0x0. The operation completed successfully.
  
  Assembly manager loaded from:  C:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\clr.dll
  Running under executable  C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\tmp\k;k\Starter.exe
  --- A detailed error log follows. 
  
  === Pre-bind state information ===
  LOG: User = MENKAUR-7683827\Administrator
  LOG: DisplayName = X, Version=1.0.4538.22813, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null
   (Fully-specified)
  LOG: Appbase = file:///C:/Documents and Settings/Administrator/Desktop/tmp/k;k/
  LOG: Initial PrivatePath = NULL
  LOG: Dynamic Base = NULL
  LOG: Cache Base = NULL
  LOG: AppName = Starter.exe
  Calling assembly : Starter, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null.
  ===
  LOG: This bind starts in default load context.
  LOG: Using application configuration file: C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\tmp\k;k\Starter.exe.Config
  LOG: Using host configuration file: 
  LOG: Using machine configuration file from C:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\config\machine.config.
  LOG: Policy not being applied to reference at this time (private, custom, partial, or location-based assembly bind).
  LOG: Attempting download of new URL file:///C:/Documents and Settings/Administrator/Desktop/tmp/k;k/X.DLL.
  LOG: Assembly download was successful. Attempting setup of file: C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\tmp\k;k\X.dll
  LOG: Entering run-from-source setup phase.
  LOG: Assembly Name is: X, Version=1.0.4538.22813, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null
  LOG: Binding succeeds. Returns assembly from C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\tmp\k;k\X.dll.
  LOG: Assembly is loaded in default load context.
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>The only errors are in C:\FusionLog\NativeImage\Starter.exe\ directory:</p>
  
  <pre><code>*** Assembly Binder Log Entry  (6/4/2012 @ 1:56:13 PM) ***
  
  The operation failed.
  Bind result: hr = 0x80070002. The system cannot find the file specified.
  
  Assembly manager loaded from:  C:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\clr.dll
  Running under executable  C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\tmp\k;k\Starter.exe
  --- A detailed error log follows. 
  
  === Pre-bind state information ===
  LOG: User = MENKAUR-7683827\Administrator
  LOG: DisplayName = BookmarkWiz.Kernel, Version=1.0.4538.22813, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null
   (Fully-specified)
  LOG: Appbase = file:///C:/Documents and Settings/Administrator/Desktop/tmp/k;k/
  LOG: Initial PrivatePath = NULL
  LOG: Dynamic Base = NULL
  LOG: Cache Base = NULL
  LOG: AppName = Starter.exe
  Calling assembly : Starter, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null.
  ===
  LOG: Start binding of native image X, Version=1.0.4538.22813, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null.
  WRN: No matching native image found.
  LOG: IL assembly loaded from C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\tmp\k;k\X.dll.
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>I cannot sign the assembly, as it references several other assemblies, which are not signed</p>