title: What is the correct name for each slash-separated piece of a file/URL path?
body: <p>What is a 'piece' of a path called? (Including folder names, file names, and stuff like <code>..</code> or <code>.</code>)</p>
  
  <pre><code>../foo/bar/baz
  ↑   ↑   ↑   ↑
  
  or
  
  https://example.com/foo/bar/baz
                       ↑   ↑   ↑
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>And does the terminology vary by OS or context?</p>