title: How to best normalize a data frame in R by column?
body: <p>I have a dataset like the one below that I would like to normalize (0 to 1) by column.</p>
  
  <p>What I have currently:</p>
  
  <pre><code>        2015 Value      2014 Value      2013 Value
  China           500             400             450
  Germany         890             760             700
  Italy           240             210             200
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>What would be great to end up with:</p>
  
  <pre><code>            2015 Value      2015 Normed     2014 Value      2014 Normed     2013 Value      2013 Normed
  China           500             0.5             400             0.5             450             0.5
  Germany         890             1.0             760             1.0             700             1.0
  Italy           240             0.0             210             0.0             200             0.0
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>After this step, I'd like to average each Normed column in a "total average".</p>
  
  <p>I've tried a couple of things, but I'm not seeing how to do apply the function by column with a new column for each output. The lapply function seems to be the right track, but I'm not sure how to best use it. (I'm a newcomer to R trying to learn.)</p>
  
  <p>I really appreciate your help. Sorry for the basic questions!</p>