title: Ruby on Rails, Michael Hartl;s Tutorial chapter 6.31
body: <p>I got two tests that are failing in my application. I see that the problem is with the user's ID but I don't know how to solve it.</p>
  
  <pre><code>1) User return value of authenticate method with valid password 
   Failure/Error: it { should eq found_user.authenticate(@user.password) }
  
     expected: #&lt;User id: 2, name: "Example User", email: "user@example.com", created_at: "2014-08-09 17:17:22", updated_at: "2014-08-09 17:17:22", password_digest: "$2a$04$kQk6PkLu3X6rbTPiDDPce.zy6VYtAZ2rxchGLSP27VaG..."&gt;
          got: #&lt;User id: nil, name: "Example User", email: "user@example.com", created_at: nil, updated_at: nil, password_digest: "$2a$04$dccvbYxyrCa2M1LjxmwQqOBEEhYLNKrFmUh0GlAxH1bH..."&gt;
  
     (compared using ==)
  
     Diff:
     @@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
     -#&lt;User id: 2, name: "Example User", email: "user@example.com", created_at: "2014-08-09 17:17:22", updated_at: "2014-08-09 17:17:22", password_digest: "$2a$04$kQk6PkLu3X6rbTPiDDPce.zy6VYtAZ2rxchGLSP27VaG..."&gt;
     +#&lt;User id: nil, name: "Example User", email: "user@example.com", created_at: nil, updated_at: nil, password_digest: "$2a$04$dccvbYxyrCa2M1LjxmwQqOBEEhYLNKrFmUh0GlAxH1bH..."&gt;
  
   # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:102:in `block (4 levels) in &lt;top (required)&gt;'
   2) User email address with mixed case should be saved as all lower-case
   Failure/Error: expect(@user.reload.email).to eq mixed_case_email.downcase
   ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound:
     Couldn't find User without an ID
   # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:72:in `block (3 levels) in &lt;top (required)&gt;'
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>Here is my user_spec.rb file :</p>
  
  <pre><code>describe User do
  
    before do
      @user = User.new(name: "Example User", email: "user@example.com",
                       password: "foobar", password_confirmation: "foobar")
    end
  
    subject {@user}
  
    it {should respond_to(:name)}
    it {should respond_to(:email)}
    it {should respond_to(:password_digest)}
    it {should respond_to(:password)}
    it {should respond_to(:password_confirmation)}
    it {should respond_to(:authenticate)}
  
  
  
    describe "When name is not present" do
      before {@user.name = " "}
      it {should_not be_valid}
    end
  
    describe "When email is not present" do
      before {@user.email = " "}
      it {should_not be_valid}
    end 
  
    describe "When name is too long" do
      before {@user.name = "a"*51}
      it {should_not be_valid}
    end
  
    describe "when email format is invalid" do
      it "should be invalid" do
        addresses = %w[user@foo,com user_at_foo.org example.user@foo.
        foo@bar_baz.com foo@bar+baz.com]
        addresses.each do |invalid_address|
          @user.email = invalid_address
          expect(@user).not_to be_valid
        end
      end
    end
  
    describe "when email format is valid" do
      it "should be valid" do
        addresses = %w[user@foo.COM A_US-ER@f.b.org frst.lst@foo.jp a+b@baz.cn]
        addresses.each do |valid_address|
          @user.email = valid_address
          expect(@user).to be_valid
        end
      end
    end
  
    describe "when email address is already taken" do
      before do
        user_with_same_email = @user.dup
        user_with_same_email.email = @user.email.upcase
        user_with_same_email.save
      end
      it { should_not be_valid }
    end
  
    describe "email address with mixed case" do
      let(:mixed_case_email) { "Foo@ExAMPle.CoM" }
  
      it "should be saved as all lower-case" do
        @user.email = mixed_case_email
        @user.save
        expect(@user.reload.email).to eq mixed_case_email.downcase
      end
    end
  
    #PASSWORD
  
    describe "when password is not present" do
      before do
        @user = User.new(name: "Example User", email: "user@example.com",
                         password: " ", password_confirmation: " ")
  
        it { should_not be_valid }
      end
    end
  
    describe "when password doesn't match confirmation" do
      before { @user.password_confirmation = "mismatch" }
      it { should_not be_valid }
    end
  
    describe "with a password that's too short" do
      before { @user.password = @user.password_confirmation = "a" * 5 }
      it { should be_invalid }
    end
  
    describe "return value of authenticate method" do
      before { @user.save }
      let(:found_user) { User.find_by(email: @user.email) }
  
      describe "with valid password" do
        it { should eq found_user.authenticate(@user.password) }
      end
  
      describe "with invalid password" do
        let(:user_for_invalid_password) { found_user.authenticate("invalid") }
  
        it { should_not eq user_for_invalid_password }
        specify { expect(user_for_invalid_password).to be_false }
      end
    end
  end
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>And the user.rb file</p>
  
  <pre><code>class User &lt; ActiveRecord::Base
    before_save { self.email = email.downcase }
    validates :name, presence: true, length: { maximum: 50 }
    VALID_EMAIL_REGEX = /\A[\w+\-.]+@[a-z\d\-]+(?:\.[a-z\d\-]+)*\.[a-z]+\z/i
    validates :email, presence: true, format: { with: VALID_EMAIL_REGEX },
      uniqueness: { case_sensitive: false }
    has_secure_password
    validates :password, length: { minimum: 6 }
  end
  </code></pre>