title: Access functions within functions in python
body: <p>Given a function within a function, how do I call the inner function from an external function?</p>
  
  <p>ex.</p>
  
  <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>def a():
      print 'a'
      def b():
          print 'b'
          def c():
              print 'c'
  
  def d():
      # how would I now call a, b and c from here?
      def e():
          # how would I call a, b and c from here as well?
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>Yes I know it's horrible code structure and should not be done - but how do you do it?</p>
  
  <p>Edit: Any way to do this using decorators?</p>