title: Rails3 Devise undefined method `confirmation_url'
body: <p>I've seemingly set up Devise for my User authentication, with the :confirmable option set. </p>
  
  <p>Everything seems to run fine when I run it in the browser, I sign up, go to the confirmation url shown in the server log in my <code>rails s</code> console.</p>
  
  <p>However, when I try to add the following to my db/seed.rb</p>
  
  <pre><code>User.create!(:username =&gt; 'haar', :email =&gt; 'haar@example.com', :password =&gt; 'password', :password_confirmation =&gt; 'password')
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>And run <code>rake db:setup --trace</code></p>
  
  <p>I get the following error:</p>
  
  <pre><code>rake aborted!
  undefined method `confirmation_url' for #&lt;#&lt;Class:0x1062f79a0&gt;:0x1062f6618&gt;
  /Users/haar/Dropbox/Websites/TenOutOfTen/app/views/devise/mailer/confirmation_instructions.html.haml:4:in `_app_views_devise_mailer_confirmation_instructions_html_haml___1737567023_2199377480_0'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/actionpack-3.0.8/lib/action_view/template.rb:135:in `send'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/actionpack-3.0.8/lib/action_view/template.rb:135:in `render'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/activesupport-3.0.8/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:54:in `instrument'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/actionpack-3.0.8/lib/action_view/template.rb:127:in `render'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/actionpack-3.0.8/lib/action_view/render/rendering.rb:59:in `_render_template'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/activesupport-3.0.8/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:52:in `instrument'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/activesupport-3.0.8/lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:21:in `instrument'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/activesupport-3.0.8/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:52:in `instrument'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/actionpack-3.0.8/lib/action_view/render/rendering.rb:56:in `_render_template'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/actionpack-3.0.8/lib/action_view/render/rendering.rb:26:in `render_without_haml'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/haml-3.1.3/lib/haml/helpers/action_view_mods.rb:13:in `render'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/actionpack-3.0.8/lib/abstract_controller/rendering.rb:115:in `_render_template'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/actionpack-3.0.8/lib/abstract_controller/rendering.rb:109:in `render_to_body'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/actionpack-3.0.8/lib/abstract_controller/rendering.rb:102:in `render_to_string'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/actionpack-3.0.8/lib/abstract_controller/rendering.rb:93:in `render'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/actionmailer-3.0.8/lib/action_mailer/deprecated_api.rb:111:in `render'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/actionmailer-3.0.8/lib/action_mailer/base.rb:735:in `collect_responses_and_parts_order'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/actionmailer-3.0.8/lib/action_mailer/base.rb:750:in `each'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/actionmailer-3.0.8/lib/action_mailer/base.rb:750:in `each_template'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/actionmailer-3.0.8/lib/action_mailer/base.rb:745:in `each'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/actionmailer-3.0.8/lib/action_mailer/base.rb:745:in `each_template'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/actionmailer-3.0.8/lib/action_mailer/base.rb:731:in `collect_responses_and_parts_order'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/actionmailer-3.0.8/lib/action_mailer/base.rb:673:in `mail'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/devise-1.4.5/lib/devise/mailers/helpers.rb:21:in `devise_mail'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/devise-1.4.5/app/mailers/devise/mailer.rb:5:in `confirmation_instructions'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/actionpack-3.0.8/lib/abstract_controller/base.rb:150:in `send_action'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/actionpack-3.0.8/lib/abstract_controller/base.rb:150:in `process_action'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/actionpack-3.0.8/lib/abstract_controller/base.rb:119:in `process'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/actionpack-3.0.8/lib/abstract_controller/rendering.rb:41:in `process'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/actionmailer-3.0.8/lib/action_mailer/old_api.rb:75:in `process'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/actionmailer-3.0.8/lib/action_mailer/base.rb:471:in `process'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/actionmailer-3.0.8/lib/action_mailer/base.rb:466:in `initialize'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/actionmailer-3.0.8/lib/action_mailer/base.rb:450:in `new'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/actionmailer-3.0.8/lib/action_mailer/base.rb:450:in `method_missing'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/devise-1.4.5/lib/devise/models/confirmable.rb:50:in `send_confirmation_instructions'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/activesupport-3.0.8/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:423:in `_run_create_callbacks'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/activerecord-3.0.8/lib/active_record/callbacks.rb:277:in `create'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/activerecord-3.0.8/lib/active_record/persistence.rb:250:in `create_or_update'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/activerecord-3.0.8/lib/active_record/callbacks.rb:273:in `create_or_update'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/activesupport-3.0.8/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:419:in `_run_save_callbacks'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/activerecord-3.0.8/lib/active_record/callbacks.rb:273:in `create_or_update'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/activerecord-3.0.8/lib/active_record/persistence.rb:60:in `save!'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/activerecord-3.0.8/lib/active_record/validations.rb:49:in `save!'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/activerecord-3.0.8/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/dirty.rb:30:in `save!'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/activerecord-3.0.8/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:245:in `save!'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/activerecord-3.0.8/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:292:in `with_transaction_returning_status'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/activerecord-3.0.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb:139:in `transaction'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/activerecord-3.0.8/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:207:in `transaction'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/activerecord-3.0.8/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:290:in `with_transaction_returning_status'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/activerecord-3.0.8/lib/active_record/transactions.rb:245:in `save!'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/activerecord-3.0.8/lib/active_record/validations.rb:34:in `create!'
  /Users/haar/Dropbox/Websites/TenOutOfTen/db/seeds.rb:7
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/activesupport-3.0.8/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:235:in `load'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/activesupport-3.0.8/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:235:in `load'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/activesupport-3.0.8/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:225:in `load_dependency'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/activesupport-3.0.8/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:596:in `new_constants_in'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/activesupport-3.0.8/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:225:in `load_dependency'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/activesupport-3.0.8/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:235:in `load'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/activerecord-3.0.8/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:281
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/rake-0.9.2/lib/rake/task.rb:205:in `call'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/rake-0.9.2/lib/rake/task.rb:205:in `execute'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/rake-0.9.2/lib/rake/task.rb:200:in `each'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/rake-0.9.2/lib/rake/task.rb:200:in `execute'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/rake-0.9.2/lib/rake/task.rb:158:in `invoke_with_call_chain'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.8.7-p334/lib/ruby/1.8/monitor.rb:242:in `synchronize'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/rake-0.9.2/lib/rake/task.rb:151:in `invoke_with_call_chain'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/rake-0.9.2/lib/rake/task.rb:176:in `invoke_prerequisites'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/rake-0.9.2/lib/rake/task.rb:174:in `each'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/rake-0.9.2/lib/rake/task.rb:174:in `invoke_prerequisites'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/rake-0.9.2/lib/rake/task.rb:157:in `invoke_with_call_chain'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.8.7-p334/lib/ruby/1.8/monitor.rb:242:in `synchronize'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/rake-0.9.2/lib/rake/task.rb:151:in `invoke_with_call_chain'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/rake-0.9.2/lib/rake/task.rb:144:in `invoke'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/rake-0.9.2/lib/rake/application.rb:112:in `invoke_task'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/rake-0.9.2/lib/rake/application.rb:90:in `top_level'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/rake-0.9.2/lib/rake/application.rb:90:in `each'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/rake-0.9.2/lib/rake/application.rb:90:in `top_level'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/rake-0.9.2/lib/rake/application.rb:129:in `standard_exception_handling'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/rake-0.9.2/lib/rake/application.rb:84:in `top_level'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/rake-0.9.2/lib/rake/application.rb:62:in `run'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/rake-0.9.2/lib/rake/application.rb:129:in `standard_exception_handling'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/rake-0.9.2/lib/rake/application.rb:59:in `run'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/gems/rake-0.9.2/bin/rake:32
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/bin/rake:19:in `load'
  /Users/haar/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334/bin/rake:19
  Tasks: TOP =&gt; db:setup =&gt; db:seed
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>Any idea what's causing this and how to resolve it?</p>
  
  <p>I have the following line included in my test environment, for the record:</p>
  
  <pre><code>config.action_mailer.default_url_options = { :host =&gt; "localhost:3000" }
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>Running on Ruby 1.8.7, Rails 3.0.8, with devise 1.4.5.</p>