title: Error converting bytecode to dex: Multiple dex files, Android Studio 3.0
body: <p>I recently upgraded to Android Studio 3.0, and while running the program I get the following error:</p>
  
  <pre><code>Error:Error converting bytecode to dex:
  Cause: com.android.dex.DexException: Multiple dex files define Lcom/vuforia/TransformModel;
  Error:com.android.dex.DexException: Multiple dex files define Lcom/vuforia/TransformModel;
  Error:  at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.readSortableTypes(DexMerger.java:661)
  Error:  at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.getSortedTypes(DexMerger.java:616)
  Error:  at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.mergeClassDefs(DexMerger.java:598)
  Error:  at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.mergeDexes(DexMerger.java:171)
  Error:  at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.merge(DexMerger.java:198)
  Error:  at com.android.builder.dexing.DexArchiveMergerCallable.call(DexArchiveMergerCallable.java:61)
  Error:  at com.android.builder.dexing.DexArchiveMergerCallable.call(DexArchiveMergerCallable.java:36)
  Error:  at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask$AdaptedCallable.exec(ForkJoinTask.java:1424)
  Error:  at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask.doExec(ForkJoinTask.java:289)
  Error:  at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool$WorkQueue.runTask(ForkJoinPool.java:1056)
  Error:  at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool.runWorker(ForkJoinPool.java:1692)
  Error:  at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinWorkerThread.run(ForkJoinWorkerThread.java:157)
  Error:Execution failed for task ':app:transformDexArchiveWithDexMergerForDebug'.
  &gt; com.android.build.api.transform.TransformException: com.android.dex.DexException: Multiple dex files define Lcom/vuforia/TransformModel;
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>Apart from my main <code>app</code> module, I have two other modules in my project. I already tried </p>
  
  <ul>
  <li><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/a/34353086/4169014"><code>clean and Make/rebuild</code></a>, </li>
  <li><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/a/37294741/4169014">Use the latest build tools and Java versions</a>,</li>
  <li><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/a/24025291/4169014"><code>predex</code> to false</a>, </li>
  <li>deleting <code>.gradle</code> folder, but none of them work. </li>
  </ul>
  
  <p>Can anyone help me ?</p>
  
  <p><strong><code>app</code> Module:</strong></p>
  
  <pre><code>apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
  android {
      compileSdkVersion 25
      buildToolsVersion '26.0.2'
      defaultConfig {
          applicationId "com.example.shais.gpsdetector"
          minSdkVersion 16
          targetSdkVersion 25
          versionCode 1
          versionName "1.0"
          testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
          resValue "string", "google_maps_key", (project.findProperty("GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY") ?: "")
          multiDexEnabled true
      }
      buildTypes {
          release {
              minifyEnabled false
              proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
          }
      }
      dexOptions {
          javaMaxHeapSize "4g"
          preDexLibraries = false
      }
  }
  
  dependencies {
      compile fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')
      androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.2', {
          exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-annotations'
      })
      compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-location:10.2.4'
      compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-places:10.2.4'
      compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-maps:10.2.4'
      compile 'com.google.maps.android:android-maps-utils:0.5+'
      compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:25.3.1'
      compile 'com.android.support:cardview-v7:25.3.1'
      compile 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:25.3.1'
      compile 'com.android.support.constraint:constraint-layout:1.0.2'
      testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
      implementation 'com.cocoahero.android:geojson:1.0.1'
      compile 'com.android.volley:volley:1.0.0'
      compile 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.8.1'
      compile 'com.android.support:design:25.3.1'
      implementation project(':vuforia')
      implementation project(':rajawali')
  }
  </code></pre>
  
  <p><strong><code>Vuforia</code> Module:</strong></p>
  
  <pre><code>apply plugin: 'com.android.library'
  
  android {
      compileSdkVersion 25
      buildToolsVersion '26.0.2'
  
      defaultConfig {
          minSdkVersion 16
          targetSdkVersion 25
          versionCode 1
          versionName "1.0"
          testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
          multiDexEnabled true
      }
  
      buildTypes {
          release {
              minifyEnabled false
              proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
          }
      }
      dexOptions {
          preDexLibraries = false
      }
  }
  
  dependencies {
      compile fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')
      androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.2', {
          exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-annotations'
      })
      testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
      compile files('libs/Vuforia.jar')
  }
  </code></pre>
  
  <p><strong><code>rajawali</code> Module:</strong></p>
  
  <pre><code>apply plugin: 'com.android.library'
  apply plugin: 'jacoco'
  apply plugin: 'signing'
  
  android {
      compileSdkVersion 25
      buildToolsVersion '26.0.2'
  
      defaultConfig {
          minSdkVersion 16
          targetSdkVersion 25
          versionCode 1
          versionName "1.0"
          testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
      }
  
      buildTypes {
          debug {
              testCoverageEnabled true
              minifyEnabled false
          }
          release {
              minifyEnabled false
              proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
          }
      }   
      lintOptions {
          abortOnError false
      }
  }
  
  dependencies {   
      androidTestCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
      compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:25.3.1'
      compile 'org.jetbrains:annotations-java5:15.0'
  }
  </code></pre>