title: Calculating Modbus RTU CRC 16
body: <p>I'm implementing a software where I read and write data in Modbus RTU protocolo via serial. For that, I need to calculate the two CRC byte at the end of the string of bytes, but I'm being incapable of doing this.</p>
  
  <p>Searching throughout the web, I found two functions that seems to calculate the CRC correctly:</p>
  
  <pre><code>WORD CRC16 (const BYTE *nData, WORD wLength)
  {
      static const WORD wCRCTable[] = {
         0X0000, 0XC0C1, 0XC181, 0X0140, 0XC301, 0X03C0, 0X0280, 0XC241,
         0XC601, 0X06C0, 0X0780, 0XC741, 0X0500, 0XC5C1, 0XC481, 0X0440,
         0XCC01, 0X0CC0, 0X0D80, 0XCD41, 0X0F00, 0XCFC1, 0XCE81, 0X0E40,
         0X0A00, 0XCAC1, 0XCB81, 0X0B40, 0XC901, 0X09C0, 0X0880, 0XC841,
         0XD801, 0X18C0, 0X1980, 0XD941, 0X1B00, 0XDBC1, 0XDA81, 0X1A40,
         0X1E00, 0XDEC1, 0XDF81, 0X1F40, 0XDD01, 0X1DC0, 0X1C80, 0XDC41,
         0X1400, 0XD4C1, 0XD581, 0X1540, 0XD701, 0X17C0, 0X1680, 0XD641,
         0XD201, 0X12C0, 0X1380, 0XD341, 0X1100, 0XD1C1, 0XD081, 0X1040,
         0XF001, 0X30C0, 0X3180, 0XF141, 0X3300, 0XF3C1, 0XF281, 0X3240,
         0X3600, 0XF6C1, 0XF781, 0X3740, 0XF501, 0X35C0, 0X3480, 0XF441,
         0X3C00, 0XFCC1, 0XFD81, 0X3D40, 0XFF01, 0X3FC0, 0X3E80, 0XFE41,
         0XFA01, 0X3AC0, 0X3B80, 0XFB41, 0X3900, 0XF9C1, 0XF881, 0X3840,
         0X2800, 0XE8C1, 0XE981, 0X2940, 0XEB01, 0X2BC0, 0X2A80, 0XEA41,
         0XEE01, 0X2EC0, 0X2F80, 0XEF41, 0X2D00, 0XEDC1, 0XEC81, 0X2C40,
         0XE401, 0X24C0, 0X2580, 0XE541, 0X2700, 0XE7C1, 0XE681, 0X2640,
         0X2200, 0XE2C1, 0XE381, 0X2340, 0XE101, 0X21C0, 0X2080, 0XE041,
         0XA001, 0X60C0, 0X6180, 0XA141, 0X6300, 0XA3C1, 0XA281, 0X6240,
         0X6600, 0XA6C1, 0XA781, 0X6740, 0XA501, 0X65C0, 0X6480, 0XA441,
         0X6C00, 0XACC1, 0XAD81, 0X6D40, 0XAF01, 0X6FC0, 0X6E80, 0XAE41,
         0XAA01, 0X6AC0, 0X6B80, 0XAB41, 0X6900, 0XA9C1, 0XA881, 0X6840,
         0X7800, 0XB8C1, 0XB981, 0X7940, 0XBB01, 0X7BC0, 0X7A80, 0XBA41,
         0XBE01, 0X7EC0, 0X7F80, 0XBF41, 0X7D00, 0XBDC1, 0XBC81, 0X7C40,
         0XB401, 0X74C0, 0X7580, 0XB541, 0X7700, 0XB7C1, 0XB681, 0X7640,
         0X7200, 0XB2C1, 0XB381, 0X7340, 0XB101, 0X71C0, 0X7080, 0XB041,
         0X5000, 0X90C1, 0X9181, 0X5140, 0X9301, 0X53C0, 0X5280, 0X9241,
         0X9601, 0X56C0, 0X5780, 0X9741, 0X5500, 0X95C1, 0X9481, 0X5440,
         0X9C01, 0X5CC0, 0X5D80, 0X9D41, 0X5F00, 0X9FC1, 0X9E81, 0X5E40,
         0X5A00, 0X9AC1, 0X9B81, 0X5B40, 0X9901, 0X59C0, 0X5880, 0X9841,
         0X8801, 0X48C0, 0X4980, 0X8941, 0X4B00, 0X8BC1, 0X8A81, 0X4A40,
         0X4E00, 0X8EC1, 0X8F81, 0X4F40, 0X8D01, 0X4DC0, 0X4C80, 0X8C41,
         0X4400, 0X84C1, 0X8581, 0X4540, 0X8701, 0X47C0, 0X4680, 0X8641,
         0X8201, 0X42C0, 0X4380, 0X8341, 0X4100, 0X81C1, 0X8081, 0X4040 };
  
      BYTE nTemp;
      WORD wCRCWord = 0xFFFF;
  
      while (wLength--)
      {
          nTemp = *nData++ ^ wCRCWord;
          wCRCWord &gt;&gt;= 8;
          wCRCWord  ^= wCRCTable[nTemp];
      }
      return wCRCWord;
  } // End: CRC16
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>And</p>
  
  <pre><code>uint CRC16_2(QByteArray buf, int len)
  {
    uint crc = 0xFFFF;
  
    for (int pos = 0; pos &lt; len; pos++)
    {
      crc ^= (uint)buf[pos];          // XOR byte into least sig. byte of crc
  
      for (int i = 8; i != 0; i--) {    // Loop over each bit
        if ((crc &amp; 0x0001) != 0) {      // If the LSB is set
          crc &gt;&gt;= 1;                    // Shift right and XOR 0xA001
          crc ^= 0xA001;
        }
        else                            // Else LSB is not set
          crc &gt;&gt;= 1;                    // Just shift right
      }
    }
    // Note, this number has low and high bytes swapped, so use it accordingly (or swap bytes)
    return crc;
  }
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>The problem is that I'm supposed to get two hex bytes as CRC numbers while this functions returns a integer value. For example, for "01" (1 byte), I was supposed to get a "7E80" while I get "21695", and I'm being unable to do some sort of conversion from this to that hex data.</p>
  
  <p>My question, therefore, is: how do I go from the integer result to the double hex result needed? I tried a couple of options, with no success.</p>
  
  <p>Note: I'm using Qt, so if one could find a solution implementing QByteArray or another Qt friendly code, I'll be glad. Either way a solution not using Qt, C or C++ is useless :P</p>