title: action-default package in Struts 2
body: <p>Is there a package like <code>action-default</code> associated with Struts2 ? </p>
  
  <p>I am not sure which jar(struts-core or plugins) it comes from but it was residing in my <code>struts.xml</code> for years. We had used struts-core-2.1.8.</p>
  
  <p>I updated the struts version to 2.3.8 and struts started complaining,</p>
  
  <pre><code>SEVERE: Exception starting filter struts2-prepare
  Unable to load configuration. - [unknown location]
      at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:483)
      at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.InitOperations.initDispatcher(InitOperations.java:74)
      at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareFilter.init(StrutsPrepareFilter.java:50)
      at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.initFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:281)
      at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:262)
      at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.&lt;init&gt;(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:107)
      at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:4656)
      at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5312)
      at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
      at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1559)
      at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1549)
      at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:303)
      at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:138)
      at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.runTask(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:886)
      at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:908)
      at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:662)
  Caused by: Unable to load configuration. - [unknown location]
      at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:70)
      at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Dispatcher.java:429)
      at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:471)
      ... 15 more
  Caused by: Parent package is not defined: action-default - [unknown location]
      at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.buildPackageContext(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:660)
      at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.addPackage(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:508)
      at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.loadPackages(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:290)
      at org.apache.struts2.config.StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.loadPackages(StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.java:112)
      at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContainer(DefaultConfiguration.java:239)
      at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:67)
      ... 17 more
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>I couldn't find any references for <code>action-default</code> package. Could anybody please help me figure out what is available in <code>action-default</code> package and the alternatives in Struts 2.3.8.</p>
  
  <p><strong>EDIT:</strong> </p>
  
  <p>I couldn't post the complete <code>struts.xml</code>, it's too long. The package declaration is as below,</p>
  
  <pre><code>&lt;package name="default" extends="struts-default,jfreechart-default,json-default,action-default"&gt;
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>Artifact Id of Struts related jars used:</p>
  
  <blockquote>
    <ol>
    <li>struts2-core 2.1.8</li>
    <li>struts2-convention-plugin 2.1.8</li>
    <li>struts2-spring-plugin 2.1.8</li>
    <li>struts2gwtplugin 0.2.1</li>
    <li>struts2-jfreechart-plugin 2.1.6</li>
    <li>struts2-jquery-plugin 3.5.0</li>
    <li>struts2-json-plugin 2.1.8.1</li>
    </ol>
  </blockquote>
  
  <p>With all the above mentioned jars struts didn't complain about the "action-default" package.</p>
  
  <p>After updating the following jars to version 2.3.8, struts starts complaining that the package is missing,</p>
  
  <blockquote>
    <ol>
    <li>struts2-core 2.3.8</li>
    <li>struts2-convention-plugin 2.3.8</li>
    <li>struts2-spring-plugin 2.3.8</li>
    <li>struts2-json-plugin 2.3.8</li>
    </ol>
  </blockquote>