title: How to encode and decode data in base64 and base64URL by using unix commands?
body: <p>Base64 encode can be achieved by</p>
  
  <pre><code>$ echo Some_data_to_be_converted | base64
  
  U29tZV9kYXRhX3RvX2JlIF9jb252ZXJ0ZWQK
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>And Base64 decode can be achieved by</p>
  
  <pre><code>$ echo U29tZV9kYXRhX3RvX2JlIF9jb252ZXJ0ZWQK | base64 -d
  
  Some_data_to_be_converted
  </code></pre>
  
  <ol>
  <li><p>How to achieve Base64URL encode/decode?</p></li>
  <li><p>Is it just enough to replace "+" with "-" and "/" with " _" ?</p></li>
  <li><p>When to do the padding "#"(adding/remove "#" to be considered )?</p></li>
  </ol>