100879


Some い-adjectives are derived somehow from verbs. For instance, 忙しい is related
to 急ぐ according to Wiktionary.

Are there many い-adjectives derived from verbs? If a given verb has an
adjectival form, can you reliably predict the pronunciation? Is there a list
of adjectives that come from verbs?

(I assume that this derivational process is no longer productive and that most
verbs don't have adjectival forms like this. Is that right?)


CC BY-SA 4.0
2023-09-03T05:41:29.647
100876
2023-09-04T02:51:17.873
54206
question
grammar adjectives history i-adjectives
い-adjectives derived from verbs


> Are there many い-adjectives derived from verbs?

There are quite a few. For example...

[勇]{いさ}む → 勇ましい  
[痛]{いた}む → 痛ましい  
[苛立]{いらだ}つ → 苛立たしい  
[疑]{うたが}う → 疑わしい  
[疎]{うと}む → 疎ましい  
[恨]{うら}む → 恨めしい  
[羨]{うらや}む → 羨ましい  
[恐]{おそ}る → 恐ろしい  
[好]{この}む → 好ましい  
[騒]{さわ}ぐ → 騒がしい  
[荒]{すさ}む → [凄]{すさ}まじい  
[悩]{なや}む → 悩ましい  
[妬]{ねた}む → 妬ましい  
[似付]{につ}く → 似付かわしい  
[望]{のぞ}む → 望ましい  
[喜]{よろこ}ぶ → 喜ばしい  
[煩]{わずら}う → 煩わしい  
This is not an exhaustive list. There are also
[慎]{つつ}ましい、[思]{おも}わしい、[呪]{のろ}わしい、ふさわしい、[輝]{かがや}かしい、[懐]{なつ}かしい、[行]{ゆ}く→ゆかしい(cf奥ゆかしい)
etc...

> If a given verb has an adjectival form, can you reliably predict the
> pronunciation?

Most follow the `-u → -ashii` pattern, (e.g. isogu → isog **a** shii) but
there are also `-u → -oshii` (e.g. osoru → osor **o** shii), `-u → -eshii`
(e.g. uramu → uram **e** shii) and even `-u → -ajii` (e.g. susamu → susama
**j** ii), `-u → -awashii` (e.g. nitsuku → nitsuka **wa** shii) so I'm not
sure.

> Is there a list of adjectives that come from verbs?

I searched on the Internet but I couldn't find a list.

> (I assume that this derivational process is no longer productive and that
> most verbs don't have adjectival forms like this. Is that right?)

I think you're right (but I'm not an expert so excuse me if I'm wrong).


CC BY-SA 4.0
2023-09-03T14:30:31.137
100879
2023-09-04T02:51:17.873
2023-09-04T02:51:17.873
9831
9831
100876
answer