

I have been a manga reader for a long time, and also a developer. I know about
the rules, like manga content can't and should not be edited without the
author's permission, etc. But my question is, are they
[freeware](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeware) and
[shareware](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shareware)? Can I just take or
download or store or transfer or share content without the author's prior
permission?


CC BY-SA 3.0
2016-06-23T06:24:28.377
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manga-production copyright
Are mangas freeware and shareware?


No?

> [...] are they Freeware and Shareware?

First things first, we have some terminology confusion here. Nobody describes
anything besides computer software as "freeware" and/or "shareware". Manga is
not software.

Manga, like other creative works, are generally encumbered by copyright, the
entire point of which is that the creator (i.e. not you) has exclusive rights
to distribute the works in question. While it is certainly possible to license
one's works more permissively (for some varieties of copyrightable material,
[Creative Commons](https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-
considerations/) is popular), I expect that you will literally never see
commercial manga with a permissive license.

> Can i just take [..] content without authors prior permission?

**larceny** ‎(n.)

the wrongful taking and carrying away of the personal goods of another from
his or her possession with intent to convert them to the taker's own use.

> Can i just [...] download [...] content without authors prior permission?

While you probably shouldn't, and while this is against the law in many
jurisdictions, I seem to recall there being some jurisdictions (probably
Scandinavian, or maybe I'm just making that up) in which only providing (i.e.
uploading) copyrighted content leaves one legally culpable.

> Can i just [...] store [...] content without authors prior permission?

Obviously if you have purchased a volume of manga from a bookstore, you have
the right to store it. Depending on your jurisdiction, you may even have the
right to digitize it and/or make backup copies. Consult a local legal
professional if you really care.

> Can i just [...] transfere [...] content without authors prior permission?

If you have purchased a volume of manga from a bookstore, you probably have
the right to give or sell that volume to someone. In the U.S., this is called
the first-sale doctrine, and most reasonable jurisdictions have something
similar.

The question of whether one can "transfer" a piece of electronic content by
sending them a copy and then deleting all your copies is difficult to answer.
Depending on your jurisdiction, the law may not have caught up to figuring out
how to deal with digital artefacts.

You probably do not have the right to transfer a copy to someone else.
Because, you know, copyright.

> Can i just [...] share content without authors prior permission?

If you have purchased a volume of manga from a bookstore, you can certainly
let your friends read it, unless you live in North Korea.

If by "share" you mean in the sense of electronic peer-to-peer sharing, this
is jurisdiction-dependent. I would suggest that this is a practice of dubious
ethicality.

> I know about the rules like manga content can't and should not be edited
> without authors permission and etc

Somehow, you've gotten this part wrong, too. You can probably do basically
anything you want with manga created by someone else, modulo general
restrictions on speech that are applicable in your jurisdiction. If you want
to redraw _Attack on Titan_ to be about an actual attack on Titan, have at it!

Issues arise when you _distribute_ this derivative content. Derivative works
tend to have the same copyright protections as the original work, save for
some exceptions like fair use.

* * *

This answer is written in broad generalities because I am not a lawyer and
because there is no such thing as "the rules" when it comes to law (besides,
like, the Geneva Conventions). If you have specific legal questions, go to
[Law.SE](https://law.stackexchange.com/) or find an actual lawyer or
something.


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Like what Memor-X said in his comment, you can't download a manga and then
share it around. Like other works, manga is also subject to copyright law.
Normally the copyright holder would be either the author or the publisher,
depending on their contract. Popular artists such as Mashima Hiro, Masashi
Kishimoto, and Kubo Tite would most likely have the copyright over Fairy Tail,
Naruto, and Bleach, given their popularity (which means they would have better
bargaining power over the contract). Anyway, most of the time the copyright
holder would not just release their work to the public without nothing for
them to gain, which in most case is money. Means that if you want to get a
copy of their work, then you have to pay up.

Downloading/copying/scanning (and anything similar to that) is against their
(the copyright holders) interest, and thus is likely to be prohibited by them.
Of course if they themselves explicitly permit people to do so then it would
be legal for people to do it. For more information about copyright see
[here](http://www.cric.or.jp/english/clj/cl2.html).

As far as I know, copyright has expiration time. After it is expired you would
be able to copy it and share it without consent of the owner since it has
entered the public domain.


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Basically, you can't do _nothing_ with certain content without author's
permission, if it is protected by intellectual property laws (manga for sure
is). There are licenses, which allow you to download, modify, share, or do
whatever you want with content, but again, if content is distributed under
this license, this means, that author basically granted permission to
everyone.


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