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Typically in animation we see credits for key frame animation and inbetween
animation.

A key animator is the artist responsible for producing the principal key
frames of an animation. Basically key animators draw the essential frames that
mark a distinct position or expression of a character in a particular scene.
In other words, they draw the structure of a animated scene.

In order to complete the animation and make sure it moves fluidly, additional
frames are required to go between key frames, this is called in-between
animation.

In the credits of a lot of anime nowadays you see something called "second
key" animation. What purpose do they serve in an anime production?


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2014-06-24T14:15:29.093
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2014-06-24T14:15:29.093
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anime-production
What is the purpose of "second key" animation?


According to [Anipages](http://www.pelleas.net/aniTOP/index.php/the-anime-
production-line), a blog by Ben Ettinger about the world of anime and
animation.

> **第二原画 _Daini Genga_** = Second Key Animation
>
> Traditionally in anime, after key animation, the next step would be for the
> animation director to check the key animation and apply the necessary
> corrections to bring the characters to model. A new role was recently
> invented as a buffer between the key animator and the animation director:
> second key animation.
>
> Nigen 二原 for short, second key animation is a relatively new concept in
> anime. This person does what in the west is known as "cleanup" \- cleaning
> up the rough genga before they're passed on to the animation director to be
> checked. This step permits key animators to pump out more animation than if
> they had to produce a more polished shot. For example, an animator who might
> be good at action can draw several complicated shots in rough form in the
> time it might take them to draw one polished shot. A nigen would then clean
> it up. Infrequently you will also see a daiichi genga 第一原画 or first key
> animation credit, which is presumably a way of distinguishing between the
> people who drew the rough key animation intended to be cleaned up by the
> daini genga crew and the people who drew regular key animation.


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