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I fairly often hear or read about how the anime industry had stagnated during
the early 90s. It's mostly brought up in the context of _Neon Genesis
Evangelion_ being the first influential anime in several years back then as
mentioned on [this answer](https://anime.stackexchange.com/a/7271):

> Eventhough they never directly admit it, I'm sure there's some amount of
> influence that Evangelion had on Rahxephon, intended or not, simply because
> _Evangelion was an incredibly influential show, at a time when it seemed
> anime in general was stagnating_. So everything that came after that, for
> better or worse, could have had some influence from Evangelion.
>
> (Emphasis mine)

Is this true? If so, what exactly was this crisis and why did it happen?


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anime-history neon-genesis-evangelion
What, if anything, was the early 90s anime creativity crisis?


I don't know where you heard about a **_creativity crisis_** but in the early
90's there was indeed a huge crisis which weakened the anime industry for a
few years, along with a lot of other industries: an **economic crisis**.

In the world, we more-or-less refer to this crisis as the "Early 90's
recession". In a few words, it was a massive and worldwide economic crisis
which started after the market crash called the "Black Monday" (Monday,
October 19, 1987 to be exact).

In Japan, they specifically call this period the " **Lost Decade** " (sounds
like an anime event, right?). I don't think economics courses interest you
here so I'll just show you how hard Japanese growth crashed.

[![Real GDP Growth Rate in percentage in Japan between 1975 and 1997 by the
International Monetary
Fund](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ppXWm.gif)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ppXWm.gif)

So, to summarize, **Japan had huge economic troubles during that time** , so
it's normal that both anime quality and quantity were seriously harmed.  
As [this article](http://www.nippon.com/en/features/h00043/) explains, even if
the number of television anime gradually recovered, because of these economic
issues the whole anime industry has never recovered the greatness of the 80s.

> A slump in advertising revenue, a lower birthrate and the popularity of
> others forms of entertainment like video games and cell phones have led to
> sluggish prime time ratings and a decline in the number of anime since the
> peak in 2006.

I add that the death of Osamu Tezuka ( _Astro Boy_ ) during this period could
have contributed to that "creativity crisis" you were talking about.

* * *

> **To go further** :  
>  \- [Osamu Tezuka](https://www.tofugu.com/japan/osamu-tezuka-history/)  
>  \- [Black Monday](http://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/blackmonday.asp)  
>  \- [Lost Decade](https://www.thebalance.com/japan-s-lost-decade-brief-
> history-and-lessons-1979056)  
>  \- [Japan's
> GDP](http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?locations=JP) \-
> [The struggle of the anime
> industry](http://www.nippon.com/en/features/h00043/)


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I want to add to Nevios answer that as a side effect of an economic crisis
investors don't like to take unnecessary risks, so they bet on safe funding
productions with themes that trendy, think evangelion influencing the mecha
genre or madoka magica influencing the magical girl genere.

Notice, for example, how many magical girl animes after madoka magica are
darker like mahou shoujo keikaku.

TL:DR if it's popular, similar animes will be produced to cash in the trend


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