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When a Servant is summoned by the Holy Grail, they are gifted with the
knowledge of the modern world so they can easily adjust. When it comes to
determining the strengths and weaknesses of an enemy Servant, the Servants
themselves seem to be able to rely on a pool of data, as shown during the
prologue of Fate/Stay Night: when Rin and Archer face Lancer, Archer reveals
that he has deduced Lancer's true identity.

However, during this same scene, Lancer is frustrated because he doesn't know
of any hero who was an Archer but also used twin swords, given that we know
that Archer is

> a future alternate version of Shirou who became the Counter-Guardian EMIYA.

When a Servant is summoned, are they also given the knowledge of the legends
for heroes who appeared after that Servant's death? (i.e. Gilgamesh is
probably the oldest legend, and as such he predates most others and thus
wouldn't know about other legends that occur after his death unless
supplemented by the Grail)


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question
fate-stay-night
Are Servants also given knowledge of future heroes?


In episode 4 of [Fate/Zero anime](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fate/Zero),
when Lancer identifies Saber as King of Knights, he says:

> No Heroic Spirit summoned by the Holy Grail could ever mistake that golden
> blade.

That's the only indicator I can think of that somewhat points to the answer
for your question.

Furthermore, Lancer's true identity,

> [Diarmuid Ua Duibhne](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diarmuid_Ua_Duibhne),

is hero of a myth in the period between II and IV century, while Saber's true
identity is

> [King Arthur](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Arthur),

whose legend took place between late V and early VI century, which means that
Lancer couldn't have known Saber's legend when he was alive.

After writing above, I looked at TYPE-MOON Wiki and found
[this](http://typemoon.wikia.com/wiki/Servant#Knowledge):

> They [Servants] are not granted knowledge on other Heroes through the Grail,
> but rather from knowledge gained within the Throne of Heroes. Witnessing
> traits of other Servants can allow them to deduce their true names with the
> knowledge even if they are from incompatible eras.

* * *

> Aberrations like Saber, who is not part of the Throne of Heroes due to her
> circumstances, are able to identify those whose legends would have been
> known to them in life, such as Cú Chulainn, but cannot identify the legends
> of later Heroic Spirits like Gilles de Rais even after being directly named.

No source is offered for the first part, and if that's true, it would indeed
contradict with Fate/stay night's Archer's case, since he is a complete heroic
spirit who properly entered Throne of Heroes, yet other heroic spirits have no
knowledge of him.


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answer