Adj + こと + Verb-て ( 彼は長いこと歩いて疲れていた)


What does こと mean in this sentence? (This sentence is from an electronic
dictionary called "JDict"
play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.ndcsolution.jdict. The word
segmentation is mine.)

(1)

> 彼 は 長い **こと** 歩いて 疲れていた  
>  kare wa nagai **koto** aruite tsukareteita  
>  'He was tired from his long walk'

First, from what I have [learned](https://www.japanistry.com/nominalising-
verbs/) so far, こと is basically a word meaning "thing" or "matter", and also
is often used a nominalizer.

In the many examples that I have been able to check in (Kaiser et al. 2013),
most of the time こと is indeed a simple nominalizer, followed by a particle (は,
が, or を) indicating the syntactic role of the noun it forms with the element
it is attached to.

Secondly, [here](https://cotoacademy.com/how-to-use-koto-japanese-different-
uses/) I saw that こと can be used to express many modal or existential meanings
such as "I must do", "I decided" "there is", etc.

However, in sentence (1), こと follows an adjective and is followed by a verb.

い adjectives are adverbialized by く. Here, why don't we have **長く** 歩いて疲れていた,
for instance?

**References**

Kaiser, S., Ichikawa, Y., Kobayashi, N., & Yamamoto, H. (2003). Japanese: A
comprehensive grammar. Routledge.




> い adjectives are adverbialized by く

Yes, but they can also be adverbialized by adding a こと after them. Take these
examples from 三省堂国語辞典 and 大辞林:

> うまいことやれよ / Do it well.  
> 早いことやってしまえ / Get it done as soon as you can.

This adverbialization use of こと is listed separately in all the dictionaries I
referred to, and 明鏡国語辞典 takes a step further to list it as one of こと's
grammatical usages (文型表現). Hope you enjoy こと's different usages coming up
along the way you learn Japanese!




> い adjectives are adverbialized by く

Yes, but they can also be adverbialized by adding a こと after them. Take these
examples from 三省堂国語辞典 and 大辞林:

> うまいことやれよ / Do it well.  
> 早いことやってしまえ / Get it done as soon as you can.

This adverbialization use of こと is listed separately in all the dictionaries I
referred to, and 明鏡国語辞典 takes a step further to list it as one of こと's
grammatical usages (文型表現). Hope you enjoy こと's different usages coming up
along the way you learn Japanese!

