Who is the agent in the sentence そんなおとぎ話をよく聞かされたっけ?


In [the Chantelise opening narration](https://youtu.be/A0Zc-EE7GdE), having
Japanese audio and English text translation, multiple sources, like
[rpgfan](https://www.rpgfan.com/review/chantelise-a-tale-of-two-sisters/),
[hardcoregaming101](http://www.hardcoregaming101.net/chantelise/) and
[RPGamer](https://rpgamer.com/review/chantelise-review/) say that Elise is
quoting a warning that her mother gave her.

The Japanese version of the narration is:

> 月が赤い夜は外に出ちゃいけないよ！ 魔女に呪われてしまうからね。

> そんなおとぎ話をよく聞かされたっけ

And the given English translation is:

> "Don't go out at night when the moon is red, or the witch will curse you
> forevermore!"
>
> They told us that old fairy tale so often...

But the translation just says that a non-specific "they" was where the warning
came from. Did the translation lose some detail and the narration actually
specifies that it's her mother's warning?




No, the narration in Japanese does **not** specify who is saying these words.

If we take a look to the sentence (I tried to provide a more literal
translation):

> そんなおとぎ話をよく **聞かされた** っけ That kind of fairy tale was told quite frequently

We see that the verb **聞かされた** is used. This is the short form of the past,
causative-passive conjugation in Japanese of the verb 聞く (to listen). In
causative-passive constructions, the agent is marked by the particle に. For
example:

> 寝る時、 **母に** 話しを聞かされる。 [I am] told a story **by mom** before going to sleep.

Since in your original sentence there is no agent marked by に, there is no way
to know who is the one making the warning from the text itself. In Japanese,
it's pretty normal that some information is understood directly from context,
and therefore passive or causative-passive construction without the agent
specified are common.

It you are interested in the causative-passive form, please check out
[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/52131/32952). When 聞く ("to
listen") is conjugated to the causative 聞かせる, it becomes "to make someone
listen", i.e. "to tell someone (a story, etc). The same logic applies to the
verbs 見る "to look" and 見せる "to make someone look", i.e. "to show".

Then, if you turn the (short) causative 聞かす into the causative-passive 聞かされる,
it literally means "someone is made to listen" or in a less convoluted way
"someone is told (a story, etc)".

All in all, I'd say that "they told us" is not a bad translation, but I'm not
an English native speaker. Maybe other expressions such as "They say..." or
"It is said that..." are better. Also note that the English translation is
somewhat liberal, for example it throws in "forevermore" even though nothing
like that is said in the Japanese version.

