Meaning of 忌々しい


Is it true that the meaning of 忌々しい is "annoying"?

What is the root word of 忌々しい and its meaning? Is it 忌まう?




### Verb stem + -しい adjectives in general

Expanding on user4092's answer, and in the spirit of exploring word formation
patterns, it is worth noting that there are various -しい adjectives that derive
from the 未然形【みぜんけい】 (incomplete form) of verbs. Examples:

  * 疑【うたが】わしい _"suspicious, fishy"_ , from 疑【うたが】う _"to doubt, to suspect"_
  * 優【やさ】しい _"kind"_ (evolving from _"modest"_ , from earlier senses of _"shameful, embarrassing"_ from the idea of _"shying away or shrinking from view"_ ), from 痩【や】す (modern 痩【や】せる _"to become skinny"_ )
  * 床【ゆか】しい _"elegant"_ , from 行【ゆ】く _"to go"_ , from the sense of _"something you want to go towards"_
  * 懐【なつ】かしい _"dear, nostalgic"_ , from 懐【なつ】く _"to take to someone, to find someone dear"_ → of similar meaning to 慣【な】れ付【つ】く, with the initial な perhaps a contraction of, or cognate to, 慣【な】れ
  * 腹立【はらだ】たしい _"irritating, provoking"_ , from 腹立【はらだ】つ _"to become angry"_
  * 難【むずか】しい _"difficult"_ , from 憤【むつ】く (modern 憤る, read as むつかる in the Kansai and むずかる in the Kantō, meaning _"to become peevish"_ )
  * 好【この】ましい _"preferable, desirable"_ , from 好【この】む _"to prefer"_
  * 慎【つつ】ましい _"humble, modest; frugal"_ , from 包【つつ】む _"to wrap something up (and keep it inside something else); to conceal"_ , from the sense of keeping one's thoughts to oneself and not boasting, or of keeping one's money and not spending it

We can infer from the list above that the general sense of 未然形【みぜんけい】 verb
stem + -しい seems to be _"evoking the quality of the root verb"_.

### 忌々しい in specific

As user4092 explained, the root of 忌々【いまいま】しい is not verb 忌【い】まう, but rather
verb 忌【い】む _"to avoid something (as unfortunate or taboo)"_. (For that matter,
忌【い】まう derives from the 未然形【みぜんけい】 of 忌【い】む + auxiliary verb
[ふ](http://kobun.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%B5), which indicates repeated or
ongoing action or state.) Given the meaning of the root verb, and the pattern
of -しい adjective formation, we can arrive at the meaning of 忌々しい as _"evoking
a quality of avoidance, as of misfortune or taboo"_ → _"detestable"_.

Reduplication of 未然形【みぜんけい】 verb stems in -しい adjectives, as in the formation
of 忌々【いまいま】しい, seems to be quite unusual. A quick survey of my dictionaries to
hand turns up various -しい adjectives based on reduplication, but none of them
reduplicate the 未然形【みぜんけい】 verb stems **of 五段活用【ごだんかつよう】 verbs** (where the
vowel on the end of the verb stem changes for each conjugation form; often
called "Group 1", "five-row", or "quintigrade" in English). 忌【いま】しい without
reduplication does exist in the historical record, but according to my dead-
tree copy of Shogakukan's 国語大辞典【こくごだいじてん】, this appears in the [Edo
period](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_period) and has already fallen out
of use, while reduplicated 忌々【いまいま】しい appears much earlier in the [Heian
period](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heian_period), showing up in the
源氏物語【げんじものがたり】.

In conclusion, 忌々【いまいま】しい seems exceptional in its formation, but quite
straightforward in its meaning and structure.

### Update

The bold above about 五段活用【ごだんかつよう】 verbs follows a helpful comment from
macraf, pointing out the existence of other reduplicated-verb-root -しい
adjectives for 一段活用【いちだんかつよう】 verbs (where the vowel on the end of the verb
stem _doesn't_ change for each conjugation form; often called "Group 2", "one-
row", or "monograde" in English). Examples include:

  * 馴【な】れ馴【な】れしい _"overly familiar"_ , from 馴【な】れる _"to become used to something, to get familiar with something"_
  * 猛猛【たけだけ】しい _"fierce, aggressive; cheeky, impudent", from 猛【たけ】る _"to be rough and ready; to get angry; to become high-spirited or excited"_ , and possibly cognate with 高【たか】い _"high, tall"_ from the idea of _" **high** spirits"_
  * 冴【さ】え冴【ざ】えしい _"extremely clear and bright"_ , from 冴【さ】える _"to become clear and bright"_
  * ふてぶてしい _"brazen, impudent"_ , from ふてる _"to take a contrary or oppositional attitude, to force one's own way"_
  * 晴【は】れ晴【ば】れしい _"bright, shiny, sunny"_ , from 晴【は】れる _"to become bright and sunny"_

