Do 以上 and 以下 include the number preceding them?


I was having a discussion with a colleague and we couldn't recall how they
both worked. Does 一人以上 mean a) 1 or more persons or b) more than one person?




According to the [Wikipedia article on these
two](http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E4%B8%8A%E3%83%BB%E4%BB%A5%E4%B8%8B),
以下 and 以上 _include_ the number that precedes them.

> ５０以上 => 50 or more
>
> ５０以下 => 50 or less

If you want to exclude the number on the upper end (instead of 以下) use
未満(みまん).

> １０００円未満 (less than 1,000 yen, not including 1,000)

I had a few different discussions (and taking Ito-san's point below as well)
about this - 超 seems to be used (?) but I've never really heard it. In this
case we would probably go back to standard grammar using a verb instead:

> １０００円を超える（こえる)

If there was really a need to exclude a certain number in the case of 以上, you
could always add 1 to it -- e.g.

> １００１円以上

Although that seems strange too. Maybe there's not much of a use for that kind
of term?




According to the [Wikipedia article on these
two](http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E4%B8%8A%E3%83%BB%E4%BB%A5%E4%B8%8B),
以下 and 以上 _include_ the number that precedes them.

> ５０以上 => 50 or more
>
> ５０以下 => 50 or less

If you want to exclude the number on the upper end (instead of 以下) use
未満(みまん).

> １０００円未満 (less than 1,000 yen, not including 1,000)

I had a few different discussions (and taking Ito-san's point below as well)
about this - 超 seems to be used (?) but I've never really heard it. In this
case we would probably go back to standard grammar using a verb instead:

> １０００円を超える（こえる)

If there was really a need to exclude a certain number in the case of 以上, you
could always add 1 to it -- e.g.

> １００１円以上

Although that seems strange too. Maybe there's not much of a use for that kind
of term?

