Subtleties of usage of 行く vs 来る


Most textbooks explain that 行く and 来る can be generally translated to English
as _to go_ and _to come_ , except when the perspectives/locations of the
speaker and the person performing the movement are different. To include those
situations, a better rule would be:

  * use 行く when the movement is away from the speaker (or from A to B when the speaker is at an altogether different place C, as in "At what time are you going to the movies tonight?"),
  * use 来る for movements toward the speaker (or in the same direction as the speaker, as in "Come with me!").

This is all clear, but I can come up with several other situations that either
are not covered by this framework, or perhaps even violate it.

  1. First off, if you simply look up 来る in Jisho, the first example sentence is:

> １０時までに来ます。(I'll come by 10.)

This seemingly violates the above rule, as the movement is in the direction
away from the speaker. The way I explain it to myself is that here we have a
strong accent on arriving at the destination, since we're specifying the time.
行く simply wouldn't work, as "I'll go by 10" has a different meaning. _Is this
correct or am I missing something?_

  2. Apart from that, the above rules don't cover situations where there is no speaker whatsoever and we have a narration instead, like in books. Consider, for example:

> Harry Potter is going to Hogwarts next week. / Harry Potter is coming to
> Hogwarts next week.

In English, these sound fairly similar. What would these sentences look like
in Japanese? I feel like both should be acceptable:

> ハリーポッターは来週ホグワーツに行きます。 / ハリーポッターは来週ホグワーツに来ます。

_Is there an implied difference in meaning between these two sentences?_ I
can't really tell since I'm a beginner and haven't got enough practice.

Thanks a lot!



  1. Let's say you and a colleague are discussing in the office about what time you need to come in next Monday. In that case, 10時までに来ます ("I'll come by 10") is a perfectly correct sentence. The future you is coming toward where the current you is (the office).

  2. ホグワーツに行きます and ホグワーツに来ます are both valid, but they're not the same. In the narrative part of a novel, there is still an imaginary "narrator", and the sentence is described based on its standpoint. Or imagine there is a virtual "camera" that captures the scene. If that camera is inside Hogwarts, then 来る would be correct, and if that camera is in a village far away from Hogwarts, then 行く would be correct. If it's depicted from a god-like perspective, like in a strategy game, it's usually safer to use 行く.



  1. Let's say you and a colleague are discussing in the office about what time you need to come in next Monday. In that case, 10時までに来ます ("I'll come by 10") is a perfectly correct sentence. The future you is coming toward where the current you is (the office).

  2. ホグワーツに行きます and ホグワーツに来ます are both valid, but they're not the same. In the narrative part of a novel, there is still an imaginary "narrator", and the sentence is described based on its standpoint. Or imagine there is a virtual "camera" that captures the scene. If that camera is inside Hogwarts, then 来る would be correct, and if that camera is in a village far away from Hogwarts, then 行く would be correct. If it's depicted from a god-like perspective, like in a strategy game, it's usually safer to use 行く.

