Construction and Meaning of とき in the following cases


I was studying about とき. I came to know that とき means "when" If used in
following sentences:

Format: S1ときS2 (as per my own inference) (Please correct me if I am wrong)

>   1. S1- Adj(both i and na) and S2-Anything
>
>   2. S1 - Noun and S2-Anything
>
>   3. When S1 expresses a state and S2 anything
>
>   4. When S1 is a verb but is in ている form
>
>

Then I came across a concept, that when S1 is a verb (for now let us take
action verb), the meaning will be different as per the tenses used:

Eg.

> 私はご飯を食べるとき手を洗う （I wash my hands before I eat)
>
> 私はご飯を食べたとき手を洗う （I wash my hands after I eaten)
>
> 私はご飯を食べるとき手を洗った （I washed my hands before I ate)
>
> 私はご飯を食べたとき手を洗った （I washed my hands after I ate)

After this I came across a sentence:

> 松本さんは朝ごはんを食べるときいつもテレビを見る

In this sentence the translation in the same book was given "Mr. Matsumoto
always watches TV when he eats"

So, my queries are the following:

  1. Does this sentence (Matsumoto sentence) mean, Matsumoto always watch TV before he eats?
  2. If the sentence means what the book says i.e. "Mr. Matsumoto always watches TV when he eats" wasn't ている supposed to be used to make mean (when it was happening) i.e. 食べている rather than 食べる?
  3. Has, いつも something to do with the sentence making it a "state of being" thereby, allowing the use of "when"?
  4. Does this S1 Verb (action) condition i.e. right before or right after apply in case S2 is adjective/noun; E.g. 私は本を読むとき静かな (thereby, meaning I am quiet before I study?); 私は本を読んだとき静かな (I am quiet after I study (As in context of I am in state of silence after I study); and 私は本を読読んでいるとき静かな(meaning I am quiet when I am studying)? or is there any other rule?

Thanks :)

Book reference: A dictionary of basic Japanese Grammar Pg. 490-492




Some general thoughts on the difference between 食べるとき and 食べているとき.  
Your sentence is:

> 松本さんは朝ごはんを食べるときいつもテレビを見る。  
>  _Mr. Matsumoto always watches TV when he eats._

This is correct because there is a subtle difference between 食べるとき and
食べているとき. In the former, 食べるとき is used to describe habitual actions in a
general way. In other words, it is describing Mr. Matsumoto's general habit of
what he does while he has breakfast. The length of time of 食べるとき in this case
is the duration of his meal. What is being expressed is what happens over the
course of that duration of time.

The latter, 食べているとき is generally used to emphasise a specific instance of what
he did/does/will do while he eats his breakfast. It is more to do with the
action of eating itself rather than the abstract concept of the duration of
the meal. Think of it as if we are discussing a particular moment in time,
rather than a typical everyday occurrence. In this case, the moment in time is
the action of eating. It defines a narrower range of time than 食べるとき.

Having said that, because of the insertion of いつも, the sentence would make
sense in either case, in my opinion. Adding いつも guarantees that the listener
is aware that we are talking about habitual actions rather than an isolated
instance of something. I do think that 食べるとき is still more natural because it
refers to the general duration of the meal. And I think it is better to
remember that using plain form verbs with とき can describe habitual actions,
whereas using ～ているとき generally points to an individual momentary instance of
that action.

