How was 出さず conjugated from 出す?


When I was sentence mining, I found the following sentence:

> 自分の名前も顔も出さず ただ傷つけるためだけに

Could someone explain how 出さず was conjugated from 出す?




The ず-form of a verb V is usually translated as "without doing V". In that
sense, it has a similar meaning to Vないで.

It is formed by taking the ない-form stem, but instead of adding ない, you add ず.

So, here: 出す (dict.f.) → 出さない (nai-f.) → 出さ (nai-f. stem) → 出さず (zu-f.).

From what I understand, it's a hangover of a negative form used more commonly
in classical Japanese. In modern Japanese, it is mainly used in writing,
rather than speech, where Vないで would be preferred.

Hope that helps!




The ず-form of a verb V is usually translated as "without doing V". In that
sense, it has a similar meaning to Vないで.

It is formed by taking the ない-form stem, but instead of adding ない, you add ず.

So, here: 出す (dict.f.) → 出さない (nai-f.) → 出さ (nai-f. stem) → 出さず (zu-f.).

From what I understand, it's a hangover of a negative form used more commonly
in classical Japanese. In modern Japanese, it is mainly used in writing,
rather than speech, where Vないで would be preferred.

Hope that helps!

