Are there words which consist of katakana and hiragana letters together?


Obviously many Japanese words consist of kanji characters plus hiragana since
the latter are used for okurigana:

  * 食べる
  * 水割り
  * 鷹の爪

Recently I'v started to discover a few words that use kanji characters plus
katakana too:

  * 段ボール
  * 紙パック

But I can't think off the top of my head of any words that are written with a
mixture of hiragana and katakana. **Are there any?**

For the purposes of this question I **don't** include katakana + **する** since
they are special and can be seen either as a single word or as pairs of words.

Since "word" can mean many overlapping concepts, for the purposes of this
question I mean word in the sense that dictionaries often have a dedicated
entry for it. (Linguists call these **lexemes** and listemes.)




There's even an exceptional word which mixes hiragana, katakana, and kanji,
[くノ一](http://gogen-allguide.com/ku/kunoichi.html).

Generally speaking, words are written with mixed writing systems when there
are reasons to write different parts in different ways. (Sounds obvious, huh?)

For example, in Tokyo Nagoya's example of あんパン, the first morpheme comes from
Chinese 餡{あん}, and the second from Portuguese _pão_. パン may be written in
katakana, reflecting its origin, while hiragana is more natural for あん.

Another common reason to use katakana is for slang terms, including slang uses
of existing words (like モテる) and colloquial shortenings of existing words, as
in キモい from 気持ち悪い.

Any of these motivations for using katakana (foreign origin, slang,
onomatopoeia) can compete with the tendency to write endings like い and る in
hiragana, resulting in a mixed word.

Let's take a look at your example of ググる:

  * Here, the loanword _Google_ (グーグル _gūguru_ ) has been reanalyzed as a verb. Since Japanese has a lot of inflectional morphology, it's harder for words to jump categories; it still happens, but it's easiest for words that already end in _ru_ like this one (or ダブる "double", トラブる "trouble", etc.). 

As is usual for this sort of derivation, any long vowels are removed (グーグル
_gūguru_ becomes ググル _guguru_ ), and then the final _ru_ is reanalyzed as _r-
u_ , giving the godan verb ググる _gugur-u_. The ending _-u_ is usually written
in hiragana, and therefore the _r_ before it must be as well, but the rest of
the word remains in katakana.

If the source word doesn't end in _ru_ , then it needs to be added, as in ミスる
(from ミス "miss") or コピる (from コピー "copy"), and if the word is long it may be
clipped, as in the slang ハモる (from ハーモニー "harmony"). In these cases the words
still conjugate as godan, meaning that コピる is _kopir-u_ rather than _kopi-ru_
, even though the _r_ wasn't present in the original word. You can find more
colloquial examples [here](http://osaka-
kyoiku.ac.jp/_file/gakusei/kikaku/gakudayori/166/campus_kotoba.pdf).

Occasionally words ending in _i_ are reanalyzed as colloquial adjectives, and
quite rarely from _sii_ as well, as in the rare colloquial セクしい from セクシー, and
when this happens the suffix is written in hiragana. If _i_ isn't present, it
can be added. Less uncommonly い is added to existing words, which may be
shortened, as in グロい from グロテスク "grotesque". A more common example is エロい
"erotic".

So there are lots of different reasons words end up written with mixed writing
systems.




There's even an exceptional word which mixes hiragana, katakana, and kanji,
[くノ一](http://gogen-allguide.com/ku/kunoichi.html).

Generally speaking, words are written with mixed writing systems when there
are reasons to write different parts in different ways. (Sounds obvious, huh?)

For example, in Tokyo Nagoya's example of あんパン, the first morpheme comes from
Chinese 餡{あん}, and the second from Portuguese _pão_. パン may be written in
katakana, reflecting its origin, while hiragana is more natural for あん.

Another common reason to use katakana is for slang terms, including slang uses
of existing words (like モテる) and colloquial shortenings of existing words, as
in キモい from 気持ち悪い.

Any of these motivations for using katakana (foreign origin, slang,
onomatopoeia) can compete with the tendency to write endings like い and る in
hiragana, resulting in a mixed word.

Let's take a look at your example of ググる:

  * Here, the loanword _Google_ (グーグル _gūguru_ ) has been reanalyzed as a verb. Since Japanese has a lot of inflectional morphology, it's harder for words to jump categories; it still happens, but it's easiest for words that already end in _ru_ like this one (or ダブる "double", トラブる "trouble", etc.). 

As is usual for this sort of derivation, any long vowels are removed (グーグル
_gūguru_ becomes ググル _guguru_ ), and then the final _ru_ is reanalyzed as _r-
u_ , giving the godan verb ググる _gugur-u_. The ending _-u_ is usually written
in hiragana, and therefore the _r_ before it must be as well, but the rest of
the word remains in katakana.

If the source word doesn't end in _ru_ , then it needs to be added, as in ミスる
(from ミス "miss") or コピる (from コピー "copy"), and if the word is long it may be
clipped, as in the slang ハモる (from ハーモニー "harmony"). In these cases the words
still conjugate as godan, meaning that コピる is _kopir-u_ rather than _kopi-ru_
, even though the _r_ wasn't present in the original word. You can find more
colloquial examples [here](http://osaka-
kyoiku.ac.jp/_file/gakusei/kikaku/gakudayori/166/campus_kotoba.pdf).

Occasionally words ending in _i_ are reanalyzed as colloquial adjectives, and
quite rarely from _sii_ as well, as in the rare colloquial セクしい from セクシー, and
when this happens the suffix is written in hiragana. If _i_ isn't present, it
can be added. Less uncommonly い is added to existing words, which may be
shortened, as in グロい from グロテスク "grotesque". A more common example is エロい
"erotic".

So there are lots of different reasons words end up written with mixed writing
systems.

