What is the meaning of 詠{よ}む in the following sentence? この俳句に詠{よ}まれている季節はいつでしょうか。


I provide the full paragraph for context. The sentence in question is stressed
in bold:

> 下に挙げたのは、アメリカの大学が日本語の授業で作った俳句の例です。 ?>
>

>> 静かだね。 雪の音しか 聞こえない

>>

>> 子が母が 呼び合うごとく 蝉のなく

>>

>> 秋の歌 落ちた木の葉に 書いてある

>>

>> 春の午後 ホームレスたち 昼寝して

>
> どうですか。それぞれの俳句から、どんな情景が浮かんできますか。作った人のどんな気持ちが感じられますか。
> **この俳句に詠{よ}まれている季節はいつでしょうか** 。

* * *

Now, 詠{よ}む can mean two different things according to
[jisho.org](https://jisho.org/search/%E8%A9%A0%E3%82%80):

  1. To compose or write a Japanese poem.
  2. To use [something] as the theme of a poem.

I tried to look up the word in monolingual dictionaries but couldn't find the
second meaning there. I am not sure if the usage in this sentence is 1 or 2:

  1. この俳句に詠{よ}まれている季節はいつでしょうか。 The season written in these Haikus, when is it?

  2. この俳句に詠{よ}まれている季節はいつでしょうか。 The season being used as a theme in these Haikus, when is it?

In terms of grammar, 2 is fine. However, if the real meaning here is 1, the
sentence sounds awkward to me. I'd rather use が than に :

この俳句が詠まれている季節はいつでしょうか。The season in which these poems were written, when is
it?

To summarize,

  * What is the exact meaning of 詠む in this context, 1, 2 or another meaning?
  * If it is 1, how does に work in the original sentence then?




The transitive verb 詠む can take two kinds of direct objects:

  1. a type/format of poetry: 俳句を詠む, 和歌を詠む
  2. a theme of a poem: 喜びを(俳句に)詠む, 美しい景色を(和歌に)詠む

Not all monolingual dictionaries may explain both patterns explicitly since 詠む
is not a very basic verb, but the second usage is fairly common. 明鏡国語辞典
clearly explains the second usage:

> 【使い方】 ～ヲに〈結果〉をとる。「山桜［感動］を歌に詠む」のように、～ヲに〈対象〉を、～ニに〈結果〉をとる言い方もある。

In your sentence, the object of 詠む is 季節:

> [この作者は]季節を詠んでいる  
>  ↓ (convert to passive voice)  
>  季節が詠まれている  
>  ↓ (relativize)  
>  詠まれている季節

So it's used in the second sense. This に is a location/destination marker ("
**in(to)** these haiku"), not a subject marker in a passive construction
("written/used **by** these haiku"). The に-marked argument in a passive
sentence is not necessary the subject. See [Function of に
here?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/88787/5010)




The transitive verb 詠む can take two kinds of direct objects:

  1. a type/format of poetry: 俳句を詠む, 和歌を詠む
  2. a theme of a poem: 喜びを(俳句に)詠む, 美しい景色を(和歌に)詠む

Not all monolingual dictionaries may explain both patterns explicitly since 詠む
is not a very basic verb, but the second usage is fairly common. 明鏡国語辞典
clearly explains the second usage:

> 【使い方】 ～ヲに〈結果〉をとる。「山桜［感動］を歌に詠む」のように、～ヲに〈対象〉を、～ニに〈結果〉をとる言い方もある。

In your sentence, the object of 詠む is 季節:

> [この作者は]季節を詠んでいる  
>  ↓ (convert to passive voice)  
>  季節が詠まれている  
>  ↓ (relativize)  
>  詠まれている季節

So it's used in the second sense. This に is a location/destination marker ("
**in(to)** these haiku"), not a subject marker in a passive construction
("written/used **by** these haiku"). The に-marked argument in a passive
sentence is not necessary the subject. See [Function of に
here?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/88787/5010)

