How to use "happy new year" expressions: 賀正{がしょう}, 謹賀新年{きんがしんねん}


I am familiar with:

> 明{あ}けましておめでとうございます

Usually I use it with family and friends, also I saw some tweets with this
phrase.

Today I found these two variations: [賀正{がしょう}](https://one-
piece.com/news/detail/20150101_1839) (noun) and
[謹賀新年{きんがしんねん}](http://onepiecetower.tokyo) (interjection), looking at
tangorin.com both means Happy New Year

賀正{がしょう} drawing looks like an interjection.

Where do I use these forms?




Actually, you hardly have a chance to use them in conversation and everyday
writing. The only places for these words are billboards and greeting letters,
especially **New Year's Cards**
([年賀状](https://www.google.co.jp/search?q=%E5%B9%B4%E8%B3%80%E7%8A%B6&tbm=isch)).

Both of them are ye olde bywords even Japanese rarely know what they mean, but
nevertheless used as convenient slogans roughly mean "Happy New Year". Yes,
they differ in meaning, as much as _Annum Faustum_ and _Felix Sit Annus Novus_
do, but usually you can freely pick either one, according to your artistic
sense :)

Grammatically, they are neither noun nor interjection, unless you say that
everything which doesn't belong with grammar is interjection. The true face of
them is formal Classical Chinese sentences, which can be paraphrased
([訓読](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%96%87%E8%A8%93%E8%AA%AD))
into Japanese as:

> 正【しょう】を賀【が】す _(I) Celebrate the Primary (Month)_  
>  謹【つつし】んで新年【しんねん】を賀【が】す _(I) Respectfully Celebrate the New Year_

EDIT:  
You can find many other greeting cliches for your 年賀状 in [this
article](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1213961397),
though it's too late for this year's...

EDIT 2:  
A [new hypothesis](https://stan.hypotheses.org/2274) on why 正 means the first
(month):

> The corresponding Chinese root reconstructs as *tek ‘single, only, only
> one’. It includes these words:
[code]

>     隻 *tek > tsyek > zhī ‘single’ 1260c,
>  
>     適 *s-tek > syek > shì ‘only’ 0877s,
>  
>     啻 *s-tek-s > syeH > shì ‘only’ 0877k.
>  
[/code]

>
> Root *tek and the root in 正 *teŋ-s differ only in the nasality of the coda.
> This suggests 正 writes 隻 *tek ‘1’ in a context where its ending had become
> nasalized. The onset of the following word: 月 *[ŋ]ʷat is likely where
> nasality comes from. 正月 was an appropriate way of putting *teŋ-ŋʷat < *tek-
> ŋʷat into readable form.




Actually, you hardly have a chance to use them in conversation and everyday
writing. The only places for these words are billboards and greeting letters,
especially **New Year's Cards**
([年賀状](https://www.google.co.jp/search?q=%E5%B9%B4%E8%B3%80%E7%8A%B6&tbm=isch)).

Both of them are ye olde bywords even Japanese rarely know what they mean, but
nevertheless used as convenient slogans roughly mean "Happy New Year". Yes,
they differ in meaning, as much as _Annum Faustum_ and _Felix Sit Annus Novus_
do, but usually you can freely pick either one, according to your artistic
sense :)

Grammatically, they are neither noun nor interjection, unless you say that
everything which doesn't belong with grammar is interjection. The true face of
them is formal Classical Chinese sentences, which can be paraphrased
([訓読](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%96%87%E8%A8%93%E8%AA%AD))
into Japanese as:

> 正【しょう】を賀【が】す _(I) Celebrate the Primary (Month)_  
>  謹【つつし】んで新年【しんねん】を賀【が】す _(I) Respectfully Celebrate the New Year_

EDIT:  
You can find many other greeting cliches for your 年賀状 in [this
article](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1213961397),
though it's too late for this year's...

EDIT 2:  
A [new hypothesis](https://stan.hypotheses.org/2274) on why 正 means the first
(month):

> The corresponding Chinese root reconstructs as *tek ‘single, only, only
> one’. It includes these words:
[code]

>     隻 *tek > tsyek > zhī ‘single’ 1260c,
>  
>     適 *s-tek > syek > shì ‘only’ 0877s,
>  
>     啻 *s-tek-s > syeH > shì ‘only’ 0877k.
>  
[/code]

>
> Root *tek and the root in 正 *teŋ-s differ only in the nasality of the coda.
> This suggests 正 writes 隻 *tek ‘1’ in a context where its ending had become
> nasalized. The onset of the following word: 月 *[ŋ]ʷat is likely where
> nasality comes from. 正月 was an appropriate way of putting *teŋ-ŋʷat < *tek-
> ŋʷat into readable form.

