What do the これ in これは失礼しました and これはしまった refer to?


Is it correct to view these as referring to the past actions of the speakers?

So, for example, the speaker makes a blunder and then realises this and
says/thinks 「これはしまった」(Which I think is short for これはしまったことをした) Or someone does
something rude then says これは失礼しました In both of these cases does the これ refer to
the past actions of the speaker?




No, not exactly.

In those phrases, 「これ」 refers to the **_occasion_** in which a non-positive
action took place, not the action itself.

This is why we say 「この[度]{たび}は」= "(on) this occasion" instead of 「これは」 in
formal speech.

