How are Japanese names romanized in localization?


I've read that that romanizing Japanese names can be particularly difficult,
due to the fact that the kanji that make them up have multiple pronunciations,
or even a completely random one.

However, seeing Japanese media - particularly video games - translated to
English makes me wonder how each and every name in the credits becomes
romanized. How is this usually done? Is the kana used to pronounce one's name
easily accessible for professionals? Is this pronunciation gathered on a case
by case basis? Or does "guesswork" need to be done, with possible mistakes
occurring? If readings are provided, how is this information usually
transferred?

