Transitivity of the verb 逃げる and 逃れる


Until I looked it up recently, I'd never really noticed that the verb 逃げる is
intransitive, but it makes sense now that I think of it. But there's still
something that bothers me, and that's that this verb can still be used with
the particle を. The same goes for the verb 逃れる, which is also intransitive.
None of these uses (such as 責任を逃れる, 都会を逃れる, 役員を逃げた) that I've found seem to
fit with rules that allow を to be used with intransitive verbs. So does anyone
know what's going on here? The dictionary that I'm using doesn't seem to list
these senses as transitive, so I want to know whether these are exceptions or
not.




逃げる literally means "run away", which is natural to be intransitive even if
you speak English. It also takes an argument with ～から, that corresponds to
"from".

逃れる has a few different shades of meaning.

  1. To keep away from a certain point where a (clear and present) danger exists. The "point" could mean a bomb, a burning building, or a man wielding his knife etc. In this sense, we use [point]-から逃れる.
  2. To go out of (escape) a hostile area. "Area" means that it is a certain expanse of space, which could be an unstable country, a concrete jungle, or the state of poverty. In this case, we usually use [area]-を逃れる.
  3. To avoid possible bad consequence in the future, which is not realized at this moment, but easily imaginable as a menace. Like arrest, public blame, or bankruptcy. It is also used in [consequence]-を逃れる.

～を逃げる sounds just wrong to me, although I can suppose that some people might
use such a construction by analogy with 逃れる.

So your last sample phrase 役員を逃げた is pretty much ungrammatical, while 役員を逃れた
is understandable in the way you evade being appointed executive.

* * *

**Edit** :  
After some discussion in the
[chatroom](https://chat.stackexchange.com/transcript/511/2020/9/19), the
transitive ～を逃げる might be a kind of older wording. It is very rare in
[BCCWJ](https://pj.ninjal.ac.jp/corpus_center/bccwj/) (1976-) and have some
appearances in [青空文庫](https://www.aozora.gr.jp/) (out-of-copyright books).
Modern speakers would not recognize this usage. We more naturally reword them
in the present-day language.

> 役員を逃げる → 役員を回避する (?)  
>  税そのものを逃げる → 税そのものを逃れる  
>  網の目を逃げている → 網の目をかわしている  
>  胸苦しさを逃げるために → 胸苦しさから逃げるために

Note that there is another "locational" を, which means "through" or "via", and
does not make a verb transitive.

> 地下道を逃げるのよ！早く！  
>  _Run (away) through the basement (passage)! Hurry!_

* * *

**Edit 2** :  
I originally thought "transitivity" you mentioned meant whether the verb takes
を or not, but it seems that you are concerned about the dictionary marking of
自/他.

In this sense, it is complicated because there are two kinds of criteria to
judge it: _whether it takes (non-location) を_ and _whether it is paired with a
more (in)transitive one_. Those two agree in most cases, but there are always
exceptions. For example,
[着る](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E7%9D%80%E3%82%8B/) and
[休む](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E4%BC%91%E3%82%80/)† takes を but
paired with
[着せる](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E7%9D%80%E3%81%9B%E3%82%8B/) and
[休める](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E4%BC%91%E3%82%81%E3%82%8B/). In such
cases, dictionaries' marking would vary.
[逃げる](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E9%80%83%E3%81%92%E3%82%8B/) and
[逃れる](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E9%80%83%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B/) both
have counterparts
[逃がす](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E9%80%83%E3%81%8C%E3%81%99/) and
[逃す](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E9%80%83%E3%81%99/), and that must be
why you find them 自動詞 in your dictionary. But it does not necessarily explain
the case alignment.

† They may be better understood as "reflexive ditransitive", one of whose
object is the subject itself.

