Verbal forms allowed to determine a noun


I'm not confident that the English grammatical words I'm using are okay; feel
free to correct me.

Let's start with the phrase 読{よ}む本{ほん} meaning, among other acceptable
translations _"the book I do read"_. The auxiliary _do_ I used to translate is
nothing but a convenient way to mark the tense (present) and the aspect (not
progressive).

That's what I call "a noun determined by a verb" structure since 本{ほん} is
determined by 読{よ}む.

My question deals with the other forms of 読{よ}む which may be used to determine
本{ほん}:

  * 読{よ}む本{ほん} : the book I do read
  * 読{よ}まない本{ほん} : the book I don't read
  * 読{よ}んで本{ほん} : the book I'm reading
  * 読{よ}まないで本{ほん} : the book I'm not reading
  * 読{よ}んだ本{ほん} : the book I did read
  * 読{よ}まなかった本{ほん} : the book I didn't read
  * ... ?

**My questions :**

  1. Are the above forms grammatically correct?
  2. Leaving aside passive and causative, did I forget some forms? I'm particularly curious to know if imperative/volitional forms may have some sense here.

Any help would be appreciated!




First, it sounds strange to me to put "I" as default subject of the
determining sentence. I'd rather explicitly mark a subject, unless it's very
clear from its context.  
Anyway,

  * わたしが読む本 : the book I do read (O)
  * わたしが読まない本 : the book I don't read (O)
  * わたしが読んで本 : the book I'm reading (X)
  * わたしが読まないで本 : the book I'm not reading (X)
  * わたしが読んだ本 : the book I did read (O)
  * わたしが読まなかった本 : the book I didn't read (O)

To express progressive aspect, we need an auxiliary verb いる.  
And, when combining two verbs (読む + いる), we use て,  
thus it will be 読む + て + いる = 読んでいる.  
So 'the book I'm reading' is わたしが読んでいる本.  
Note that 読んでいる is in a perfectly legit ru-verb form(一段動詞). You can then
transform it into whatever you want.

[code]

    negative    読んでいる + ない = 読んでいない  (book that) I'm not reading.
    past        読んでいる + た = 読んでいた  I was reading.
    neg + past  読んでいる + ない + た = 読んでいなかった  I was not reading.
    ... 
    
[/code]

One more thing one should keep in mind when using progressive is that, in
modern Japanese, it's very common to drop い from aux (い)る. So it's fine to say
わたしが(読んでる/読んでない/読んでた/読んでなかった)本.

Imperative/volitional forms in general do not modify following nouns.




First, it sounds strange to me to put "I" as default subject of the
determining sentence. I'd rather explicitly mark a subject, unless it's very
clear from its context.  
Anyway,

  * わたしが読む本 : the book I do read (O)
  * わたしが読まない本 : the book I don't read (O)
  * わたしが読んで本 : the book I'm reading (X)
  * わたしが読まないで本 : the book I'm not reading (X)
  * わたしが読んだ本 : the book I did read (O)
  * わたしが読まなかった本 : the book I didn't read (O)

To express progressive aspect, we need an auxiliary verb いる.  
And, when combining two verbs (読む + いる), we use て,  
thus it will be 読む + て + いる = 読んでいる.  
So 'the book I'm reading' is わたしが読んでいる本.  
Note that 読んでいる is in a perfectly legit ru-verb form(一段動詞). You can then
transform it into whatever you want.

[code]

    negative    読んでいる + ない = 読んでいない  (book that) I'm not reading.
    past        読んでいる + た = 読んでいた  I was reading.
    neg + past  読んでいる + ない + た = 読んでいなかった  I was not reading.
    ... 
    
[/code]

One more thing one should keep in mind when using progressive is that, in
modern Japanese, it's very common to drop い from aux (い)る. So it's fine to say
わたしが(読んでる/読んでない/読んでた/読んでなかった)本.

Imperative/volitional forms in general do not modify following nouns.

