Is it common for non-European words to share similar pronunciations between Japanese and other languages in East Asia?


I saw a sign at the back entrance of a Japanese restaurant (in Gordon, Sydney,
Australia) "Kashin 가신 Japanese restaurant". The word written in hangul, "가신",
sounds similar to the Japanese word "kashin", with the [Korean edition of
Wiktionary](https://ko.wiktionary.org/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EC%8B%A0) describing
three romanization schemes of hangul as giving it "ga.sin", "ka.sin", and
"ka.sin".

I assume that "kashin" is [嘉辰 (lucky
day)](http://jisho.org/word/%E5%98%89%E8%BE%B0) and not [家臣
(vassal)](http://jisho.org/word/%E5%AE%B6%E8%87%A3) (which is what the Korean
edition of Wiktionary refers to).

I know that some words derived from European languages have similar
pronunciations between Japanese and Korean, such as アルバイト in Japanese having a
similar pronunciation as 아르바이트.

However, I assumed that with non-European words, what would happen is that the
different languages would faithfully preserve what Chinese characters are
being used, and then choose to pronounce it however they like to pronounce the
Chinese characters.

Is it common for non-European words to share similar pronunciations between
Japanese and other languages that have or had Chinese characters such as
Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese?




As a person who speaks Vietnamese, Korean and Japanese, I find it pretty
amazing and interesting how the these 3 languages share such similar
pronunciation when it comes to words with Chinese origin. What amazes me more
is how they sound more like each other than they do to the original Chinese
words.

Although each language has their own distinctive alphabet system, thus
different pronunciation:

  * Vietnamese syllables have 6 tones, which creates the intonation of the language

  * Japanese syllables are comprised of only 1 consonant plus 1 vowel (ka, ki, ku, ko) 

  * While Korean syllables have patchim (the final consonant in a syllable block), so they can pronounce such syllables as han, kil, kak, which, if Japanese want to pronounce, they must separate them into 2 syllables: ha-n かん, ki-ru きる, ka-ku かく

However different as it may sound, if you know how to derive all the words
from their original Chinese characters, you can yourself develop a formula how
to pronounce a syllable in each language, or guess the word in another
language if you already know that word in one of those languages.

For examples:

目的 (purpose)

  * Japanese: もくてき mokuteki
  * Korean: 목적 mokjeok
  * Vietnamese: muc dich

準備 (prepare)

  * Japanese: じゅんび junbi
  * Korean: 준비 junbi
  * Vietnamese: chuan bi

家族 (family)

  * Japanese: かぞく kazoku
  * Korean: 가족 gajok
  * Vietnamese: gia toc

They sound much similar, right? It is simply because they all originate from
the same Chinese characters.

I hope this helps answer your question, although the "non-European" part in
the question made me quite confused at first.

