participial constructions / sentence adverbials


I’ve come across two sentences that seem to share a construction that I’m not
familiar with:

  1. 一時間 働いて どのくらいのお金がもらえますか。
  2. ご心配かけて申し訳 ございません I haven’t been able to find references to it.

In both, the initial phrase seems to be a participial construction serving as
a sentence adverbial: “working for an hour”, and “causing worry”. Is this the
best way to consider them?




> Should the structure:
>

>> noun phrase without particle + te-form of verb

>
> always be interpreted as a sentence adverbial?

_-te_ form of verb can function adverbially (or it can be translated in such
way), but there is no requirement that clause with _-te_ contain a noun or
that such noun be without a particle.

（ご）心{しん}配{ぱい}掛{か}けて is form of expression （ご）心{しん}配{ぱい} **を** 掛{か}ける with
particle を dropped.

You could say, with the same meaning: ご心配 **を** かけて申し訳ございません。

Also note that participial treatment is from the point of view of English
language. Japanese sentences often have implicit subjects or objects.

With over-explicit pronouns: 私はあなたにご心配をかけて…

English translation of either of above variant can be participial "For causing
worry, ..." or explicit "I caused worry to you, and ...".




> Should the structure:
>

>> noun phrase without particle + te-form of verb

>
> always be interpreted as a sentence adverbial?

_-te_ form of verb can function adverbially (or it can be translated in such
way), but there is no requirement that clause with _-te_ contain a noun or
that such noun be without a particle.

（ご）心{しん}配{ぱい}掛{か}けて is form of expression （ご）心{しん}配{ぱい} **を** 掛{か}ける with
particle を dropped.

You could say, with the same meaning: ご心配 **を** かけて申し訳ございません。

Also note that participial treatment is from the point of view of English
language. Japanese sentences often have implicit subjects or objects.

With over-explicit pronouns: 私はあなたにご心配をかけて…

English translation of either of above variant can be participial "For causing
worry, ..." or explicit "I caused worry to you, and ...".

