Shinjitai kanji that existed prior to simplification?


I've been doing some researching on kanji characters, and was wondering if
there were cases where already-existing characters were used as the final 新字体
form of a character.

To clarify, I'm not talking about cases where several kanji were blended into
one (like how 辨, 辧, and 瓣 all merged into 弁). In the context of this example,
I'm asking if 弁 already existed as a separate character in its own right, with
its own distinct meanings.

To use another example, were 閒 and 間 two separate characters prior to 1946, or
was there only 閒, which was then simplified to 間?

Unfortunately I don't have access to a dictionary from that era to verify this
on my own. Does anyone else know the answers to this, or where they could be
found?




General principle is that if there is a rule for how the simplification was
performed that stretches across several characters, it did not exist
independently prior to 1946. The cases where the character _did_ exist prior
to 1946 tend to fall into the following categories:

  * One of several competing forms was chosen to be the official form
  * An older character (or several) was merged into a less complex existing character

In one case a character was both simplified and split out into a second
distinct character to allow for further expression of certain nuances. Lastly,
in one case a character was actually reduced to its original historical form
after removing a component that had previously been added for phonetic
reasons.

The kanji involved are listed below according to their grouping. A space
separates the 旧字体 form(s) on the left from their corresponding 新字体 on the
right. Unless otherwise listed, all entries are sourced from the [Online Kanji
Etymology Dictionary](http://www.kanjinetworks.com/eng/kanji-
dictionary/online-kanji-etymology-dictionary.cfm).

**Standardized on a preferred alternate form**

  * 艷 艶
  * 囘 回
  * 懷 懐
  * 卷 巻
  * 卻 却
  * 糺 糾
  * 堯 尭
  * 羣 群
  * 劵 券
  * 縣 県
  * 恆 恒 (Listed as alternates here, although the dictionary is adamant that 亙亘 are distinct characters by heritage)
  * 蠶 蚕
  * 穰 穣
  * 晉 晋
  * 刄 刃
  * 插 挿
  * 瘦 痩
  * 窗 窓
  * 聰 聡
  * 敕 勅
  * 鬪鬭 闘 (further simplified the preferred alternate chosen)
  * 貳 弐
  * 姙 妊
  * 黏 粘
  * 霸 覇
  * 祕 秘
  * 萠 萌
  * 襃 褒
  * 飜 翻
  * 槇 槙
  * 萬 万
  * 麵 麺
  * 餠 餅
  * 祐 祐
  * 遙 遥
  * 畧 略
  * 鄰 隣
  * 凛 凜

旣 appears to have been an alternate to 既, which was simplified to 既.

There are also several which are not called out as explicit alternates by the
dictionary, but which would logically appear to have been, including:

  * 壞 壊
  * 曉 暁
  * 圈 圏
  * 權 権
  * 壤 壌
  * 孃 嬢
  * 讓 譲
  * 釀 醸
  * 搜 捜
  * 麥 麦
  * 倂 併
  * 塀 塀

**Originally existed as a separate character**

> 罐 缶

  * 罐 カン、かま
  * 缶 カン

> 藝 芸

  * 藝 ゲイ
  * 芸 ウン

> 冱 冴

  * 冱 ゴ、こお・る
  * 冴 ゴ、さ・える

> 絲 糸

  * 絲 シ、いと
  * 糸 present meanings were originally those of 絲

> 牀 床

  * 牀 ショウ、ソウ
  * 床 ショウ、とこ、ゆか

> 證 証

  * 證 ショウ to make a report; testify; evidence
  * 証 ショウ correct, admonish

> 蹟 跡

  * 蹟 セキ、シャク footprints
  * 跡 セキ、あと footprint, remains, ruins

> 卽 即

  * 卽 ショク、ソク (redirected to entry on 蝍, which provides these readings)
  * 即 ソク

> 臺 台

  * 臺 (zh: tái)
  * 台 (zh: yí)

> 擔 担

  * 擔 タン、かつ・ぐ、にな・う 
  * 担 タン Originally meant "to knock or beat down"

> 膽 胆

  * 膽 タン、い、きも
  * 胆 タン Originally referred to fat/grease, or to lip gloss made from such

> 燈 灯

  * 燈 トウ、ひ Used to refer to a light held up high, such as a torch
  * 灯 トウ、ひ

> 辨辧瓣辯 弁

  * 辨 ベン refers to discriminating or making distinctions
  * 辧 Considered by some sources to be a variant form of 辨
  * 瓣 ベン has to do with petals, valves
  * 辯 ベン fluency, speech, or dialect
  * 弁 ベン Online Kanji Etymology Dictionary says it "now serves as a simplified form of distinct characters with the element 辡", which strongly indicates previous existence as a separate character, however it does not detail the nature of such.

辮 (braid) is included as another character that usually gets simplified to 弁
in modern usage.

> 豐 豊

  * 豐 レイ to prepare offerings for a festival _(祭事に供え物を盛る器)_
  * 豊 ホウ bountiful

Credit to Zhen Lin and snailboat for this one. Information for these two
characters sourced from
[Wiktionary](http://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%B1%8A#.E5.AD.97.E6.BA.90)

> 豫 予

  * 豫 ヨ
  * 予 [uncertain about readings] Character formerly used to mean "I" in classical Japanese

> 餘 余

  * 餘 ヨ、あま・す、あま・り、あま・る
  * 余 [uncertain about readings] Character formerly used to mean "I" in classical Japanese

> 慾 欲

  * 慾 ヨク Similar to 欲, but contained shades of lust in its meaning as well
  * 欲 ヨク、ほ・しい

> 亙 亘

  * 亙 ヨウ extend across, over
  * 亘 セン、コウ、とど・く、めぐ・る、わた・る cross over from one point to another

The Online Kanji Etymology Dictionary is adamant that these two are separate
characters, in spite of what other sources may indicate.

**Split to form a new character to allow for more nuanced usage**

  * 著 着著

From the [Online Kanji Etymology
Dictionary](http://www.kanjinetworks.com/eng/kanji-dictionary/online-kanji-
etymology-dictionary.cfm):

> Originally the same character as 著. When 著 came to refer to literary works,
> 着, a variant of 著 in popular usage, took over the meanings it presently
> expresses. As with 著, adhere and meet with are via the "pile" concept behind
> 者. The many extended meanings include wear, put on and dress (← clothing
> attached to the body), be seated/take up a position and arrive/reach (a
> destination) → reach (to); counter (for clothes, or to enumerate the order
> of finishers in a race ← wear clothing; arrive); cover and pin
> responsibility on.

**Returned to an earlier form**

  * 處 処

This one started out as 処, and later picked up 虍 as a phonetic marker. 新字体
reduced this back to its original state.




General principle is that if there is a rule for how the simplification was
performed that stretches across several characters, it did not exist
independently prior to 1946. The cases where the character _did_ exist prior
to 1946 tend to fall into the following categories:

  * One of several competing forms was chosen to be the official form
  * An older character (or several) was merged into a less complex existing character

In one case a character was both simplified and split out into a second
distinct character to allow for further expression of certain nuances. Lastly,
in one case a character was actually reduced to its original historical form
after removing a component that had previously been added for phonetic
reasons.

The kanji involved are listed below according to their grouping. A space
separates the 旧字体 form(s) on the left from their corresponding 新字体 on the
right. Unless otherwise listed, all entries are sourced from the [Online Kanji
Etymology Dictionary](http://www.kanjinetworks.com/eng/kanji-
dictionary/online-kanji-etymology-dictionary.cfm).

**Standardized on a preferred alternate form**

  * 艷 艶
  * 囘 回
  * 懷 懐
  * 卷 巻
  * 卻 却
  * 糺 糾
  * 堯 尭
  * 羣 群
  * 劵 券
  * 縣 県
  * 恆 恒 (Listed as alternates here, although the dictionary is adamant that 亙亘 are distinct characters by heritage)
  * 蠶 蚕
  * 穰 穣
  * 晉 晋
  * 刄 刃
  * 插 挿
  * 瘦 痩
  * 窗 窓
  * 聰 聡
  * 敕 勅
  * 鬪鬭 闘 (further simplified the preferred alternate chosen)
  * 貳 弐
  * 姙 妊
  * 黏 粘
  * 霸 覇
  * 祕 秘
  * 萠 萌
  * 襃 褒
  * 飜 翻
  * 槇 槙
  * 萬 万
  * 麵 麺
  * 餠 餅
  * 祐 祐
  * 遙 遥
  * 畧 略
  * 鄰 隣
  * 凛 凜

旣 appears to have been an alternate to 既, which was simplified to 既.

There are also several which are not called out as explicit alternates by the
dictionary, but which would logically appear to have been, including:

  * 壞 壊
  * 曉 暁
  * 圈 圏
  * 權 権
  * 壤 壌
  * 孃 嬢
  * 讓 譲
  * 釀 醸
  * 搜 捜
  * 麥 麦
  * 倂 併
  * 塀 塀

**Originally existed as a separate character**

> 罐 缶

  * 罐 カン、かま
  * 缶 カン

> 藝 芸

  * 藝 ゲイ
  * 芸 ウン

> 冱 冴

  * 冱 ゴ、こお・る
  * 冴 ゴ、さ・える

> 絲 糸

  * 絲 シ、いと
  * 糸 present meanings were originally those of 絲

> 牀 床

  * 牀 ショウ、ソウ
  * 床 ショウ、とこ、ゆか

> 證 証

  * 證 ショウ to make a report; testify; evidence
  * 証 ショウ correct, admonish

> 蹟 跡

  * 蹟 セキ、シャク footprints
  * 跡 セキ、あと footprint, remains, ruins

> 卽 即

  * 卽 ショク、ソク (redirected to entry on 蝍, which provides these readings)
  * 即 ソク

> 臺 台

  * 臺 (zh: tái)
  * 台 (zh: yí)

> 擔 担

  * 擔 タン、かつ・ぐ、にな・う 
  * 担 タン Originally meant "to knock or beat down"

> 膽 胆

  * 膽 タン、い、きも
  * 胆 タン Originally referred to fat/grease, or to lip gloss made from such

> 燈 灯

  * 燈 トウ、ひ Used to refer to a light held up high, such as a torch
  * 灯 トウ、ひ

> 辨辧瓣辯 弁

  * 辨 ベン refers to discriminating or making distinctions
  * 辧 Considered by some sources to be a variant form of 辨
  * 瓣 ベン has to do with petals, valves
  * 辯 ベン fluency, speech, or dialect
  * 弁 ベン Online Kanji Etymology Dictionary says it "now serves as a simplified form of distinct characters with the element 辡", which strongly indicates previous existence as a separate character, however it does not detail the nature of such.

辮 (braid) is included as another character that usually gets simplified to 弁
in modern usage.

> 豐 豊

  * 豐 レイ to prepare offerings for a festival _(祭事に供え物を盛る器)_
  * 豊 ホウ bountiful

Credit to Zhen Lin and snailboat for this one. Information for these two
characters sourced from
[Wiktionary](http://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%B1%8A#.E5.AD.97.E6.BA.90)

> 豫 予

  * 豫 ヨ
  * 予 [uncertain about readings] Character formerly used to mean "I" in classical Japanese

> 餘 余

  * 餘 ヨ、あま・す、あま・り、あま・る
  * 余 [uncertain about readings] Character formerly used to mean "I" in classical Japanese

> 慾 欲

  * 慾 ヨク Similar to 欲, but contained shades of lust in its meaning as well
  * 欲 ヨク、ほ・しい

> 亙 亘

  * 亙 ヨウ extend across, over
  * 亘 セン、コウ、とど・く、めぐ・る、わた・る cross over from one point to another

The Online Kanji Etymology Dictionary is adamant that these two are separate
characters, in spite of what other sources may indicate.

**Split to form a new character to allow for more nuanced usage**

  * 著 着著

From the [Online Kanji Etymology
Dictionary](http://www.kanjinetworks.com/eng/kanji-dictionary/online-kanji-
etymology-dictionary.cfm):

> Originally the same character as 著. When 著 came to refer to literary works,
> 着, a variant of 著 in popular usage, took over the meanings it presently
> expresses. As with 著, adhere and meet with are via the "pile" concept behind
> 者. The many extended meanings include wear, put on and dress (← clothing
> attached to the body), be seated/take up a position and arrive/reach (a
> destination) → reach (to); counter (for clothes, or to enumerate the order
> of finishers in a race ← wear clothing; arrive); cover and pin
> responsibility on.

**Returned to an earlier form**

  * 處 処

This one started out as 処, and later picked up 虍 as a phonetic marker. 新字体
reduced this back to its original state.

