I’m confused about the sentence 「何も悪い事は聞いた事がありません」


To my understanding the sentence 「何も悪い事は聞いた事がありません」means something along the
lines of “I have’nt heard any bad things”. What I’m confused about though are
these words: 「 **何も** 悪い **事** は聞いた **事** がありません」As far as I now all three of
these mean “thing”. So why is this word used three times in this sentence,
what use does each one serve?




> 何も

This modifies 悪い事 and means "any/all"

> 悪い事

You said it yourself "bad _things_ " so 事 here can be translated as "thing"

> 聞いた事がありません

This is part of the [past tense verb]+ことがある construction meaning that there
was a time where the action occurred or that the speaker is expressing their
experiences. This manifests itself in your translation "I haven't heard any
bad things" which contrasts something else like "I didn't hear any bad things"

Putting it all together makes something like "I haven't heard any bad things"
or "I've never heard anything bad"




ことがある is a set phrase that when combined with the past tense (た form) of a
verb, means "have had the experience of doing V". The word こと here doesn't
have any meaning in and of itself; it's a nominalizer that turns the verb
phrase into a noun so that you can talk about it as a concept:

> 悪いことは聞かなかった。

I didn't hear a bad thing.

> 悪いことは聞いたことがありません。

I haven't heard a bad thing. (Lit.: the act of hearing a bad thing doesn't
exist)

The first こと in this sentence literally means (intangible) "thing."

Finally, 何も means "not any" or "nothing." Without it, the sentence could be
construed to mean "I haven't heard the bad thing." With it, it becomes "I
haven't heard _any_ bad things." 何も doesn't mean "thing."

