What is the function of で in こうした家族の変化で、何が起きているのか?


> こうした家族の変化 **で**
> 、何が起きているのか。([source](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20181228/k10011761401000.html?utm_int=tokushu-
> new_contents_list-items_003))

The で indicates the "cause"(what is happening because of the transformation?)
or the "location"(what is happening in the transformation?)?




It's an alternative way of saying `こうした家族の変化によって、何が起きているのか。` (cause). It's not
impossible to interpret it as "location" (for example,
`こうした幼虫から成虫への変化で異常が起きることがある` would be "location"), but I think overall (given
the context etc) it's quite clear that it's the former in this case.




It's an alternative way of saying `こうした家族の変化によって、何が起きているのか。` (cause). It's not
impossible to interpret it as "location" (for example,
`こうした幼虫から成虫への変化で異常が起きることがある` would be "location"), but I think overall (given
the context etc) it's quite clear that it's the former in this case.

