Japanese て form with いる verb groups


In my textbook it states there are three groups of verbs used with て form when
followed by the helping verb いる

> (1) verbs that describe continuous states  
> (2) verbs that describe activities that last for some time  
> (3) verbs that descirbe changes that are more or less instantaneous

based on the "semantics"(I take that to mean characteristics) of a verb it can
fall into any of these three groups.

For the first group I all know is ある and いる and they are never used with いる.
As for the second and third group this is where the confusion starts. Some
verbs fall into group 2

> verb group 2 ex: たべる、よむ、まつ

and some, fall into group 3

> verb group 3 ex: いく、 くる、 わかる、 のる

I can't tell which category each verb goes into and depending on the category
depends on the meaning of the verb. Although the chapter gives a lot of
examples and shows me which category they go in I can't seem to figure them
all out. I know in the following chapters it will give more verbs too so I'd
like to be able to figure out where they go. The chapter also gave a good
example on how determine whether a verb belongs to group 2 or 3 by checking if
the verb allows for a phrase describing duration if it doesn't its in group 3.
I've been trying to use this to sort the two but I keep running into examples
that I think make sense but are in group three.

> ex. コンピューターは いちじかんけしました  
>  the computer turned off for 1 hour

This makes sense to me but is also a verb in 3. So I'm just wondering if
anyone could teach me a trick or give me advice as to how to tell what
category a verb is in. (sorry for the longer question)




> Zeno Vendler (1957) classified verbs into four categories: those that
> express "activity", "accomplishment", "achievement" and "state".
> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexical_aspect>

In your text, I think accomplishment and achievement are in one category, but
they are basically the same, and this is the original form. In Japanese,
Kindaichi found a similar phenomenon in 1950.

Firstly, the first important point is that which category a verb with a
certain meaning falls into is different from language to language. For
example, ‘have’ and ‘know’ are stative in English, but 持つ and 知る are
activities. That means it is not a perfect idea to translate a verb to know
its category. Still, they are close.

So,

> わたしは うちに いちじかん はいる

does not make sense to me.

Secondly, here are some examples of stative verbs in Japanese. There are less
stative verbs comparing to English, so I think it is not hard to remember.

> 日本語の「足りる」、「違う」、「似る」、「痛む」、「ヒリヒリする」、「見える」、「思う」、可能動詞、補助動詞としての「過ぎる」
> <https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%9E>

Lastly, the difference between “action” and “achievement or accomplishment”
are not that difficult. Check what happens if someone interrupts you while
doing it. For example, if you are running and someone interrupts you, you can
still say "I ran." (2nd category.) But, if you are arriving or building it and
someone interrupts you, you cannot say "I arrived" nor "I built it." (3rd
category)

There are several other tests here by Vendler.

>
> <https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E5%BD%99%E7%9A%84%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9A%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88#cite_ref-.E5.B2.A9.E6.9C.AC2008_2-8>




> Zeno Vendler (1957) classified verbs into four categories: those that
> express "activity", "accomplishment", "achievement" and "state".
> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexical_aspect>

In your text, I think accomplishment and achievement are in one category, but
they are basically the same, and this is the original form. In Japanese,
Kindaichi found a similar phenomenon in 1950.

Firstly, the first important point is that which category a verb with a
certain meaning falls into is different from language to language. For
example, ‘have’ and ‘know’ are stative in English, but 持つ and 知る are
activities. That means it is not a perfect idea to translate a verb to know
its category. Still, they are close.

So,

> わたしは うちに いちじかん はいる

does not make sense to me.

Secondly, here are some examples of stative verbs in Japanese. There are less
stative verbs comparing to English, so I think it is not hard to remember.

> 日本語の「足りる」、「違う」、「似る」、「痛む」、「ヒリヒリする」、「見える」、「思う」、可能動詞、補助動詞としての「過ぎる」
> <https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%9E>

Lastly, the difference between “action” and “achievement or accomplishment”
are not that difficult. Check what happens if someone interrupts you while
doing it. For example, if you are running and someone interrupts you, you can
still say "I ran." (2nd category.) But, if you are arriving or building it and
someone interrupts you, you cannot say "I arrived" nor "I built it." (3rd
category)

There are several other tests here by Vendler.

>
> <https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E5%BD%99%E7%9A%84%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9A%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88#cite_ref-.E5.B2.A9.E6.9C.AC2008_2-8>

