Particle「も」in the sentence 「夏休みももう終わりだ」。


So, I'm quite a novice, and I'm having some difficulty parsing the sentence:

> 「 夏休{なつやす}みももう終{お}わりだ。」

I "understand" it means "Summer vacation's already over". I also understand
夏休み means summer vacation.

At this point, I am speculating, so please tell me if I make any errors:
もう終わりだ is equivalent to もう終わりです, which means, it's (already?) over. However, I
am confused at the use of も as the particle preceding もう終わりです. The only use I
know for も is when replacing を or は to signify "also".

Could someone please clarify the use of the particle も and the meaning of もう
in もう終わりだ.




> 夏休み **も** もう終わりだ。

According to 明鏡国語辞典:

> も 副助  
>  ⓭ 軽い詠嘆を込めて物事をとりたてる。多く、人為を超えた物事の順当な推移についていう。  
>  「夜 **も** ふけた」「暮れ **も** おしつまった」「今や春 **も** たけなわ」「ついに夏休み[戦争] **も** 終わった」

So the も expresses 軽い詠嘆, light exclamation/admiration.

* * *

> もう終わりだ is equivalent to もう終わりです, which means, it's (already?) over.

You're right. だ/です is a copula. です is the polite version of だ.

もう has several meanings such as "already" "now" "soon" "shortly" "anymore"
etc., and I think the もう in your example can be "now" "already" or "soon":

> 夏休みも **もう** 終わりだ。  
>  Summer vacation is over now.  
>  Summer vacation is already over / has already ended / is already coming to
> an end.  
>  Summer vacation will be over soon.




> 夏休み **も** もう終わりだ。

According to 明鏡国語辞典:

> も 副助  
>  ⓭ 軽い詠嘆を込めて物事をとりたてる。多く、人為を超えた物事の順当な推移についていう。  
>  「夜 **も** ふけた」「暮れ **も** おしつまった」「今や春 **も** たけなわ」「ついに夏休み[戦争] **も** 終わった」

So the も expresses 軽い詠嘆, light exclamation/admiration.

* * *

> もう終わりだ is equivalent to もう終わりです, which means, it's (already?) over.

You're right. だ/です is a copula. です is the polite version of だ.

もう has several meanings such as "already" "now" "soon" "shortly" "anymore"
etc., and I think the もう in your example can be "now" "already" or "soon":

> 夏休みも **もう** 終わりだ。  
>  Summer vacation is over now.  
>  Summer vacation is already over / has already ended / is already coming to
> an end.  
>  Summer vacation will be over soon.

