what are な and ね in ごめんね and ごめんな


i often heard 'ね' or 'な' at the end of word like かわいいな, かわいいね, いいな or いいね.

i also often hear word that ended with よ but i can't recall the example for
now.

so my questions are:

  1. what are they (な、ね) called? 

  2. how to apply them to another word? i mean are they just for noun or adjective? i think not every noun can be attached with them, correct?

  3. whats the meaning of them?

any link related article about them are very welcome. ありがとうございます。




> what are they (な、ね) called?

They are called sentence-ending particles. **However, な can also come along
with what are called な adjective.**

> how to apply them to another word? i mean are they just for noun or
> adjective? i think not every noun can be attached with them, correct?

Typically they will add on to the end of the sentence, except for な which can
also be used with certain adjectives.

Here are some examples.

**For な、you can:**

  1. Indicate emotion. Mostly used by men. 

(な, in this usage, is often lengthened to なあ）

> あの人はすばらしいな。That person is really great [something]!

  2. Ask for another person's agreement. Used by men.

> あの車は新車だよな。That's a new car, right?/That's a new car, I bet.

  3. Soften the effect of an assertion.

> この映画は良くなかったな。This movie just wasn't very good.

  4. Soften a command or request (first example, a women speaking with typical くださいな pattern; second example, a man.)

> 成田まで行ってくださいな。Narita [Airport], please [if you please].
>
> 明日必ず来いな。Be sure to come tomorrow.

  5. Indicate a prohibition. Used by men.

> 絶対にあいつに会うな。Stay away from that bum, you hear./Keep clear of that guy.

**For ね、you can:**

Note: ね is sometimes pronounced ねえ。

  1. Indicates emotion or feelings of admiration.

> きれいな花ねえ。What a pretty flower!

  2. Indicates agreement with the other person.

> 本当にそうですね。Yes, that's quite true./That's so true.

  3. Softens a request.

> 必ず手紙を下さいね。Be sure to write [me a letter].

  4. Indicates a request for confirmation.

> あの本、持って来て下さったでしょうね。You brought me that book, didn't you [as I asked you
> to]?/ I suppose you brought that book for me.

  5. Indicates a mild assertion of, or variance in, opinion.

> そうですかね。Oh, is that so?/ I wonder. /You think so?

  6. Indicates a mild assertion.

> 私は北海道の方が寒いと思うんですけどね。I would think that Hokkaido is cooler.

**For よ, you can:**

  1. Urge a course of action.

> もうだいぶ歩いたから、この辺でちょっと休もうよ。
>
> Let's take a break about here, guys.
>
> We've already walked quite a bit.

  2. Indicate a request (Although other particles can do this too)

> 私の家にも来てくださいよ。Come to _my_ house, too.

  3. Indicates a statement of certainty.

> 今日は金曜日ですよ。Today is Friday, you know. (Stated, for example, after someone has
> claimed otherwise.)

  4. Indicates scolding or contempt.

> あの人は仕事ができないわよ。He just can't do the work!




> what are they (な、ね) called?

They are called sentence-ending particles. **However, な can also come along
with what are called な adjective.**

> how to apply them to another word? i mean are they just for noun or
> adjective? i think not every noun can be attached with them, correct?

Typically they will add on to the end of the sentence, except for な which can
also be used with certain adjectives.

Here are some examples.

**For な、you can:**

  1. Indicate emotion. Mostly used by men. 

(な, in this usage, is often lengthened to なあ）

> あの人はすばらしいな。That person is really great [something]!

  2. Ask for another person's agreement. Used by men.

> あの車は新車だよな。That's a new car, right?/That's a new car, I bet.

  3. Soften the effect of an assertion.

> この映画は良くなかったな。This movie just wasn't very good.

  4. Soften a command or request (first example, a women speaking with typical くださいな pattern; second example, a man.)

> 成田まで行ってくださいな。Narita [Airport], please [if you please].
>
> 明日必ず来いな。Be sure to come tomorrow.

  5. Indicate a prohibition. Used by men.

> 絶対にあいつに会うな。Stay away from that bum, you hear./Keep clear of that guy.

**For ね、you can:**

Note: ね is sometimes pronounced ねえ。

  1. Indicates emotion or feelings of admiration.

> きれいな花ねえ。What a pretty flower!

  2. Indicates agreement with the other person.

> 本当にそうですね。Yes, that's quite true./That's so true.

  3. Softens a request.

> 必ず手紙を下さいね。Be sure to write [me a letter].

  4. Indicates a request for confirmation.

> あの本、持って来て下さったでしょうね。You brought me that book, didn't you [as I asked you
> to]?/ I suppose you brought that book for me.

  5. Indicates a mild assertion of, or variance in, opinion.

> そうですかね。Oh, is that so?/ I wonder. /You think so?

  6. Indicates a mild assertion.

> 私は北海道の方が寒いと思うんですけどね。I would think that Hokkaido is cooler.

**For よ, you can:**

  1. Urge a course of action.

> もうだいぶ歩いたから、この辺でちょっと休もうよ。
>
> Let's take a break about here, guys.
>
> We've already walked quite a bit.

  2. Indicate a request (Although other particles can do this too)

> 私の家にも来てくださいよ。Come to _my_ house, too.

  3. Indicates a statement of certainty.

> 今日は金曜日ですよ。Today is Friday, you know. (Stated, for example, after someone has
> claimed otherwise.)

  4. Indicates scolding or contempt.

> あの人は仕事ができないわよ。He just can't do the work!

