Using からが、からで、からに and からは


> 「たんじょうびに [田中]{たなか}さん **から（ ）** [何]{なに}を もらったんですか。」

I'm given the choices からが、からで、 からに and からは.

The problem is when I've used online dictionaries they tell me different
meanings for these phrasal expressions. I know that から by itself generally
means from as in something from someone or somewhere. What I am confused about
is the particle being used at after から. Can someone explain what the
differences are?




> 「たんじょうびに [田中]{たなか}さん **から（ ）** [何]{なに}を もらったんですか。」
>
> = "What did you get from Tanaka for your birthday?"

The sentence is already grammatical without a word in the blank after 「から」,
but if you had to place one, 「 **は** 」 woud be the only correct particle among
the four.

Why 「は」, then? This 「は」 in 「田中さんから **は** 」 is the _**contrastive**_ 「は」,
_**not**_ the subject-marker 「は」 that I would assume you are familiar with.
The subject of this sentence is the unmentioned " _ **you**_ ", not 「田中さん」 or
the unmentioned " _ **I**_ ".

How does the contrastive 「は」 fit in there? In short, the context. If the topic
of a conversation were birthday presents, there would often be an assumption
that one would receive presents from multiple people.

The nuance of the sentence with 「は」 is: "Among all the people who gave you
presents, what did _**Tanaka**_ give you?"

Moving on...

I will give a brief explanation of the other three phrases, but _**I would
seriously warn you**_ that reading it could only confuse you further if you
currently were a real beginner. Some of the things, I will have no choice but
to mention, belong to way above the intermediate level.

**First, 「からが」.**

> 「Noun + （にして） + から + が」 (にして is optional)
>
> = "even (noun), possibly among other things"

<https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E3%81%8C-467244>

To use an example from that dictionary,

「大きさにして **からが** 私の物にそっくりだ。」 = "Even the size of it looks just like that of
mine."

**Next, 「からで」.**

It is the continuative form of 「からだ」= "because ~~"

「レレクトゥールさんと結婚したいのは、お金持ちになりたい **からで** 、彼を愛しているからではありません。」

= "The reason I want to marry l'électeur is because I want to be wealthy, not
because I love him."

**Finally, 「からに」.**

It has several meanings and usages, but I will only talk about the most common
one, which is "by only (verb)ing".

<https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E3%81%AB-467569#E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.9E.97.20.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.88>

An example from there is 「聞く **からに** 強そうな名前」= "a strong-sounding name". (You
do not even have to look at the kanji or anything to say it is strong.)

