Difference between か, の and のか


To ask, for example, "Have you already finished doing homework?", is there any
difference in using か, の and のか?

> もう宿題を終えたか？  
>  もう宿題を終えたの？  
>  もう宿題を終えたのか？

I'm a little bit confused about how many different question particles are
there in Japanese and the difference between them (which are said by men,
which ones by women, which are stronger in emphasis, etc.). Is there any site
where this kind of things are explained?

Thank you so much in advance for your help!

