What phonetic shorthands (like 〼, 〆) are there in Japanese?


I recently learned that the symbol 〼, called 枡記号【ますきごう】, can be used as a
phonetic shorthand for ます, as in 豆腐あり[〼]【ます】. In a similar vein, I am aware
that 〆 is used as a shorthand for しめ in 〆切【しめきり】 = 締め切り, and sometimes in
other words.

What other phonetic shorthands should a reader of Japanese be aware of? (Or,
is there a word I can use to describe all of these things so I can look them
up myself? 記号 is too broad, since it includes all kinds of symbols, and I
don't know of any more specific word.) For the purposes of this question, let
us ignore 略字, which I'm led to understand are fairly numerous.

If there are a lot of them, feel free to close as "too broad", but I imagine
there can't be _that_ many of them.




「々」, or 同{どう}の字点{じてん} ( _dōnojiten_ ), indicates the repetition of the
previous kanji. For example, 「人々」, used instead of 「人人」, is read as
_hitobito_.

In terms of hiragana, the symbol 「ゝ」is used. It's mostly used in names, such
as 「おゝの」( _Ōno_ ) and 「いすゞ」( _Isuzu_ ). Katakana uses a different symbol, 「ヽ」,
but is used in the same way as its hiragana counterpart. While widespread in
old Japanese texts, the kana iteration marks are generally not used in modern
Japanese outside proper names, though they may appear in informal handwritten
texts.

To repeat multiple characters, the character 「〱」(くの字点, _kunojiten_ ) is used.
Note the difference between the hiragana 「く」and 「〱」- you should be able to
tell the difference based on context. Vertical writing makes the difference
clearer. Kunojiten stretch to fill the space typically occupied by two
characters, but may indicate a repetition of more than two characters - they
indicate that the preceding word or phrase be repeated. For example, 「何とした〱」is
read as 「何とした何とした」。As support for these is limited, the ordinary forward slash
"／" and backward slash "＼" are occasionally used as substitutes.

You can read more
[here.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iteration_mark#Japanese)

