Reconciliation of adverbial ぜひ with its Japanese-English translation


Through this question I want to understand exactly how `ぜひ` is used
adverbially.

My problem is that `ぜひ` is not behaving as I expect it to be. It appears that
the English translation does not reflect its correct usage:

> ぜひ: "certainly, without fail, right and wrong, pros and cons"

I take "certainly" and "without fail" to be its adverbial use.

I observe that:

  1. [These sentences](http://eow.alc.co.jp/%E3%81%9C%E3%81%B2/UTF-8/?ref=sa) do not appear to me to have the sense of "certainly" and "without fail". E.g.,

> ぜひおいでください。 "We'd like you to come."
>
> ぜひお試しを。 "Please try our products"

I would (poorly) interpret them as follows instead:

> "Please come without fail"
>
> "Try without fail"

There seems to be some intermediate step that causes "without fail" to soften
and become part of a request (the actual requesting should be from a ~てください or
an implicit one).

  2. In English, "~ certainly is ~" and "to without fail be ~" and "~ without fail will be ~" are possible sentences. However, what I would expect to be the equivalent in Japanese - `ぜひ～だ` is ungrammatical. I seem to be misunderstanding something very important about the usage of `ぜひ` and I can't figure it out.

  3. From sawa's comments in "[How are で and ばかりused in this expression?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/4161)",

>     * 是非 is an adverb expressing the first person's expectation, and has to
> concord with a predicate that expresses such meaning. Your first sentence
> with 是非 without 願う is ungrammatical.
>
>     * Because just a copula is an assertion. There is no room for the first
> person's expectation to come in.

I've been meditating on those 2 points and I guess I just don't get it. It
should be because I do not understand the usage of `ぜひ`. In what way does `ぜひ`
exhibit expectation?

So please tell me what have I understood wrongly.




  1. ぜひ does not only mean "certainly", "without fail". It has the meaning of "expressing the first person's expectation, and has to concord with a predicate that expresses such meaning" (thank to @sawa) or in a short way, "please" (thanks to @Williham).

  2. English and Japanese are two different languages, sentence structure that works in one language may not work in the other. And you can never do translation using word replacement, like from "~ certainly is ~" to "ぜひ ~ だ". There's seldom a word pair that can be translated in his way.

In all, ぜひ is not an equivalent of "certainly" or "without fail". It also has
other meanings (like "please"), and not every "certainly" or "without fail"
(or "please") in English can be translated to "ぜひ".

I will try to translate the explanation of the adverbial ぜひ given by
[大辞泉](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/je2/41583/m1u/%E6%98%AF%E9%9D%9E/):

> １ どんな困難も乗り越えて実行しようとするさま。どうあっても。きっと。  
>  Try to carry out an act/accomplish a task whatever difficult is met.  
>  (May be "without fail")
>
> ２ 心をこめて、強く願うさま。なにとぞ。  
>  Ask full heartedly.  
>  ("please")
>
> ３ ある条件のもとでは必ずそうなると判断できるさま。必ず。きまって。  
>  Under a certain condition (we) can judge that a certain result can be got.  
>  ("certainly")




@Williham-san

Using kanji(是非) to mean 'please' seems fine to me, like '是非お越しください'/'是非お試しを'.

