Understanding 他動詞vs自動詞 more clearly


I have been trying to grasp the concepts of transitive vs intransitive as I
learn Japanese and had some questions on the following

窓を開けている... OK 窓を開けてある..... OK 窓が開いている.... OK now I have an issue with the
following sentence

窓が開けてある.... X?

does 窓が開けてある, make sense? I thought it would be wrong since we cannot use が
with 自動詞. In my book under the transitive verb portion is says that

> object set by the particle を

Thus should the grammatical sentence be 窓を開けてある？




You are correct that at the basic level only transitive verbs (and some
intransitive exceptions) should be used with the particle を to mark their
objects. However, this changes the moment things verbs are conjugated into
other forms. てある is a _stative verb_. Once ～てある is added to the end of a verb,
it loses transitivity.

So although you would use を in this sentence:

> 誰が窓を開けた。  
>  Someone opened the window.

You would not use を in the following sentences:

> 誰かに窓が開けてある。 The window was opened by someone (for a certain purpose).

> 窓が誰かに開けられた。 The window was opened by someone。

So, in cases like ～てある and the passive form (開けられる), transitive verbs no
longer use the particle を. Once verbs are conjugated into other forms, the way
they are used often changes. As a result, 「窓を開けてある」would not be correct in
most contexts.

There are exceptions where ～てある is used with the particle を to emphasize the
volition of the agent, but it is not regarded as grammatically correct by
most. Oftentimes, を is also replaced by は in those circumstances.

