Usage of で after embedded question


> 自動運転の技術は、どのくらい自動で運転できるか **で** ５つのレベルがあります。  
>  The extent to which you can drive automatically is measured by 5 levels.

Obviously my translation is rather loose. A more literal translation would be
"to what extent you can drive automatically で there are 5 levels".

I'm struggling to see how this で works. I feel that I want to replace it with
の because the whole embedded question (which I understand can behave like a
noun) is describing what the levels are. Would this be wrong? Could you please
explain the で and maybe provide a couple more examples of this usage with an
embedded question?




I think the で is indicating the method/way the 5 levels are determined.

From [大辞泉](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%A7/#jn-148950)

> ６ 動作・作用の **手段・方法** ・材料などを表す。…を使って。「電話で連絡する」「テレビで知ったニュース」「紙で作った飛行機」
>
> 「この御馬―宇治河のまっさき渡し候ふべし」〈平家・九〉

The examples don't have an embedded question but, here's some with questions:

  * 「愛されるか」ではなく「愛することができるか」 **で** 男性を選ぶ
  * 「GDP」をどこまで説明できるか **で** 判明する
  * 【クイズ】何問正解できるか **で** 「あなたの犬好き度」がバレる.

I think replacing で with の would sound pretty awkward as I don't think
embedded questions act like nouns in that fashion, but I could be wrong.




I think the で is indicating the method/way the 5 levels are determined.

From [大辞泉](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%A7/#jn-148950)

> ６ 動作・作用の **手段・方法** ・材料などを表す。…を使って。「電話で連絡する」「テレビで知ったニュース」「紙で作った飛行機」
>
> 「この御馬―宇治河のまっさき渡し候ふべし」〈平家・九〉

The examples don't have an embedded question but, here's some with questions:

  * 「愛されるか」ではなく「愛することができるか」 **で** 男性を選ぶ
  * 「GDP」をどこまで説明できるか **で** 判明する
  * 【クイズ】何問正解できるか **で** 「あなたの犬好き度」がバレる.

I think replacing で with の would sound pretty awkward as I don't think
embedded questions act like nouns in that fashion, but I could be wrong.

