text: Heoi anō, ko te hanumitanga o ngā oropuare Proto-Tiamana kāore i hainatia, i tautuhia ki ngā whakaritenga runic mai i ngā rau tau 4 me te 5 o ngā rau tau o te CE, e tautohu ana hoki kāore i taea e Takea Norse te tōmua hāngai o ngā waeatanga ā-Tiamana ki te Uru.