text: Nabtǝram do shi Ibn Khaldun yadǝ shiye zuwayin nasha lamarra ada’a kǝltǝna ma saa laa gade ye shi madǝ lamarra hawarra wuzǝna ma, kaida’a dǝga bayantǝ ro shido muwanjin maa awo turin dǝga, kuru datǝram lan, awo saǝna dǝ shilan faida tǝro, kaida’a dǝga wuzǝna ro, duluwu wa gade ada’a dǝga wuzǝna ro.