<br><p><b>Identifier</b>: lastamericanfron00paxs (<a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&amp;profile=default&amp;fulltext=Search&amp;search=insource%3A%2Flastamericanfron00paxs%2F">find matches</a>)<br><b>Title</b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/tags/bookidlastamericanfron00paxs">The last American frontier</a><br><b>Year</b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/tags/bookyear1910">1910</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/tags/bookdecade1910">1910s</a>)<br><b>Authors</b>:  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/tags/bookauthorPaxson__Frederic_L___Frederic_Logan___1877_1948">Paxson, Frederic L. (Frederic Logan), 1877-1948</a><br><b>Subjects</b>:  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/tags/booksubjectFrontier_and_pioneer_life____West__U_S__">Frontier and pioneer life -- West (U.S.)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/tags/booksubjectWest__U_S______History">West (U.S.) -- History</a><br><b>Publisher</b>:  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/tags/bookpublisherNew_York__Macmillan">New York, Macmillan</a><br><b>Contributing Library</b>:  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/tags/bookcontributorNew_York_Public_Library">New York Public Library</a><br><b>Digitizing Sponsor</b>:  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/tags/booksponsorMSN">MSN</a><br><br><b>View Book Page</b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lastamericanfron00paxs/lastamericanfron00paxs#page/n51/mode/1up">Book Viewer</a><br><b>About This Book</b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lastamericanfron00paxs">Catalog Entry</a><br><b>View All Images</b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/tags/bookidlastamericanfron00paxs">All Images From Book</a><br>
Click here to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lastamericanfron00paxs/lastamericanfron00paxs#page/n51/mode/1up"><b>view book online</b></a> to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book.<br><br><b>Text Appearing Before Image:</b><br><i>The Indian frontier, determined upon in 1825,<br>had by 1840 been carried into fact, and existed un-<br>broken from the Red River and Texas to the Lakes.<br>The exodus from the old homes to the new had in<br>many instances been nearly completed. The tribes<br>were more easily persuaded to promise than to act,<br>and the wrench was often hard enough to produce<br>sullenness or even war when the moment of depar-<br>ture arrived. A few isolated bands had not even<br>agreed to go. But the figures of the migrations,<br>published from year to year during the thirties,<br>show that all of the more important nations east of<br>the new frontier had ceded their lands, and that by<br>1840 the migration was substantially over.<br>President Monroe had urged as an essential part<br>of the removal policy that when the Indians had<br>been transferred and colonized they should be care-<br>fully educated into civilization, and guarded from<br>contamination by the whites. Congress, in various<br>laws, tried to do these things. The policy of re-<br>moval, which had been only administrative at the<br>start, was confirmed by law in 1830. A formal</i><br><b>Text Appearing After Image:</b><br></p>
<i></i><center><i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keokuk_(Sauk_leader)" class="extiw" title="w:Keokuk (Sauk leader)">Chief Keokuk</a></i><center><br>From a photograph of a contemporan oil painting owned by Judge C. F. Davis. Repro-<br>duced by permission of the Historical Department of Iowa.</center><br>
THE INDIAN FRONTIER 31</center>
<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Indian_Affairs" class="extiw" title="w:Bureau of Indian Affairs">Bureau of Indian Affairs</a> was created in 1832, under<br>the supervision of a commissioner. In 1834 was<br>passed the Indian Intercourse Act, which remained<br>the fundamental law for half a century.<br>The various treaties of migration had contained<br>the pledge that never again should the Indians be<br>removed without their consent, that whites should<br>be excluded from the Indian Country, and that their<br>lands should never be included within the limits o<br>fany organized territory or state. To these guaran-<br>tees the Intercourse Act attempted to give force.<br>The Indian Country was divided into superintenden-<br>cies, agencies, and sub-agencies, into which white<br>entry, without license, was prohibited by law. As<br>the tribes were colonized, agents and schools and<br>blacksmiths were furnished to them in what was a<br>real attempt to fulfil the term<i><br></i>
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1910
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