Stepan Osipovitsj Makarov, Russian naval officer, commander of the Russian fleet in the Pacific at the beginning of the war between Russia and Japan (1904). Oceanographer, arctic explorer, boatbuilder and vice-admiral (from 1896), he built the ice breaker Ermak for arctic travels. Introduced the outfitting of steamers with mine carrying boats, and was the first to use automatic (self driven) mine-torpedoes constructed by Robert Whitehead. Pioneer in torpedo defence against submarines. With dedication. (Leningrad).
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<bdi><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:National_Library_of_Norway" class="extiw" title="w:en:National Library of Norway"><span title="national library">National Library of Norway</span></a>
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