Far side of the moon, by NASA's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" class="extiw" title="en:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter">Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter</a>. Orthographic projection centred at 180° longitude, 0° latitude.
<p>Because the moon is tidally locked (meaning the same side always faces Earth), it was not until 1959 that the farside was first imaged by the Soviet <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_3" class="extiw" title="w:Luna 3">Luna 3</a> spacecraft (hence the Russian names for prominent farside features, such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mare_Moscoviense" class="extiw" title="w:Mare Moscoviense">Mare Moscoviense</a>). And what a surprise – unlike the widespread maria on the nearside, basaltic volcanism was restricted to a relatively few, smaller regions on the farside, and the battered highlands crust dominated. A different world from what we saw from Earth.
</p><p>Of course, the cause of the farside/nearside asymmetry is an interesting scientific question. Past studies have shown that the crust on the farside is thicker, likely making it more difficult for magmas to erupt on the surface, limiting the amount of farside mare basalts. Why is the farside crust thicker? That is still up for debate, and in fact several presentations at this week's Lunar and Planetary Science Conference attempt to answer this question.
</p><p>The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clementine_(spacecraft)" class="extiw" title="w:Clementine (spacecraft)">Clementine mission</a> obtained beautiful mosaics with the sun high in the sky (low phase angles), but did not have the opportunity to observe the farside at sun angles favorable for seeing surface topography. This <abbr title="Wide Angle Camera">WAC</abbr> mosaic provides the most complete look at the morphology of the farside to date and will provide a valuable resource for the scientific community. And it's simply a spectacular sight!
</p><p>The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) Wide Angle Camera (WAC) is a push-frame camera that captures seven color bands (321, 360, 415, 566, 604, 643, and 689 nm) with a 57 km swath (105 km swath in monochrome mode) from a 50 km orbit. One of the primary objectives of LROC is to provide a global 100 m/px monochrome (643 nm) base map with incidence angles between 55° and 70° at the equator, lighting that is favorable for morphological interpretations. Each month, the WAC provides nearly complete coverage of the Moon under unique lighting. As an added bonus, the orbit-to-orbit image overlap provides stereo coverage. Reducing all these stereo images into a global topographic map is a big job, which is being led by LROC Team Members from the German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt; DLR). Several preliminary WAC topographic products have appeared in LROC featured images over the past year (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mare_Orientale" class="extiw" title="w:Mare Orientale">Orientale basin</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinus_Iridum" class="extiw" title="w:Sinus Iridum">Sinus Iridum</a>). The WAC topographic dataset will be completed and released later this year.
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The global mosaic released today is comprised of over 15,000 WAC images acquired between November 2009 and February 2011. The non-polar images were map-projected onto the GLD100 shape model (WAC derived 100 m/px DTM), while polar images were map-projected on the LOLA shape model. In addition, the LOLA-derived crossover-corrected ephemeris and an improved camera pointing provide accurate positioning (better than 100 m) of each WAC image.
NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University
<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://wms.lroc.asu.edu/lroc_browse/view/WAC_GL180">http://wms.lroc.asu.edu/lroc_browse/view/WAC_GL180</a> (see also <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA14021">http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA14021</a>)