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<p>Predictions of propagation loss made by the computer programs Radio Physical Optics (RPO) Computer Software Configuration Item (CSCI) and M-Layer are compared. The results of the high frequency parabolic equation approximation, as formulated in RPO, agree almost always with those derived from the low frequency modal computation as formulated in M-Layer. But at low altitudes in the neighborhood of the radar horizon, deviations between RPO and M-Layer become significant for some cases. RPO appears not to be able to properly account for the effects of a high altitude surface-based duct at a short range. Since the discrepancies fan in regions of importance to naval operations, a definitive resolution is an urgent task to be undertaken in the immediate future.
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<br>Subjects: Electromagnetic waves; Transmission; Mathematical models; Propagation loss; Radio physical optics CSCI; M-layer; Parabolic equation; Waveguide mode; Evaporation duct; Surface-based duct</div>
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Wu, Chi-Wei.</div>
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