<br><p><b>Title</b>: Canadian forest industries 1886-1888<br><b>Identifier</b>: canadianforest188688donm (<a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&amp;profile=default&amp;fulltext=Search&amp;search=insource%3A%2Fcanadianforest188688donm%2F">find matches</a>)<br><b>Year</b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=bookyear1888">1888</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=bookdecade1880">1880s</a>)<br><b>Authors</b>: <br><b>Subjects</b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=booksubjectLumbering">Lumbering</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=booksubjectForests_and_forestry">Forests and forestry</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=booksubjectForest_products">Forest products</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=booksubjectWood_pulp_industry">Wood-pulp industry</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=booksubjectWood_using_industries">Wood-using industries</a><br><b>Publisher</b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=bookpublisherDon_Mills_Ont_Southam_Business_Publications">Don Mills, Ont. : Southam Business Publications</a><br><b>Contributing Library</b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=bookcontributorFisher_University_of_Toronto">Fisher - University of Toronto</a><br><b>Digitizing Sponsor</b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=booksponsorUniversity_of_Toronto">University of Toronto</a><br><br><b>View Book Page</b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/canadianforest188688donm/#page/n312/mode/1up">Book Viewer</a><br><b>About This Book</b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/canadianforest188688donm">Catalog Entry</a><br><b>View All Images</b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?tags=bookidcanadianforest188688donm">All Images From Book</a><br>
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<b>Text Appearing After Image: </b><br><i>pttblished^onthly i jhe onty i\iewspaper deuoted to the Lumber and Woodworking Industries of the Dominion. \ $u» per annu NO. 1. VOL. 7. PETERBOROUGH, OIST., JANUARY, 1887. PLANING STILL PRACTICE. WHAT do we do. or what cab we do, to make all of our planed stuff of uniform thickness ? Every man for him- self and every mill for itself seeunsjto be the motto and way &lt; f doing busioeah. each having a style and thickness of its own, and each varying a little. Some hkve a way of making their work jnst a little large, and anything that does not plane up at that goes one-eight of an inch thidner. Another mill has a way of making its s'uff a little thinl which picks up all these thin boards and everything goes infc what they calf a stand- ard thickness. That is the standardtfor that mil!. But, to be more particular, what do these individual mills do to make their own stuff of their standard, uiifonn thickness? Every man, when be first Btarts up, takes tp his rule and tries one edge and then the other, to see if b( one edge is a little thicker than the mes ted, and now he finds it across, was held at an angle of sevei .1 degrees, and the board was really thinner than be thought i to measure again the fault is correi wrong because he was wrong bimseljtbe first time he measured It, and the adjustment has to b; all overhauled agaia. Finally it goe3 right, or, at any raje, it goes to suit him, and he goes on with his work. Many persons carry one of tbesl little caliper rules in their pockets, which is well enongh in itself, but generally they have been carried so loog that the inures are all worn out and they have to rub the bar in their I iir to draw oat the figures, b the old four pences and see that it is of the right s the correct way, but the for thickness and slip it on find thaf our rule measure- the same as I have seen people six-pences to show the har on then The way of measuring staff t thickness when we first start up way rules are often used is anyth ng but what it ought to bp, and a ereat many times makes tbi otuff anything but of a uni- form thickness. If we should take a solid gauEjj to the edge of the board we sb"u; ments were very far from being Jperfect thing. If any person will take the pa»H to m asure the Btuff be is planing with a rule, and be as e&amp;ct as be can, and then take solid gauge made of some kind or hard wood or metal, and he will sea that the ordinary mealiire by a rule is quite a ways from being perfect, and yet we are surprised to s=e that boards will show quite a difference whin meaf-ured by a solid gauge, and when they »re piled up thagpile will stand tquare. We all (or most all) of us wafch the pile as it grows h:gher and higher, when it goes away worn the mill, and if it piles np square we " re-t the caje " ana are satisfied that the mill is running right. But, as I bavcsaid, if we take this same pile and slip as,lid gauge over ewb edge we shall more than as likely ss not find that it will both edges tmog alike. Now, while I shall argue should be of one tbickne-s, i. inch everywhere, and £ should find it, or 1 i should all be t low it to be quite a ways from at all stuff, wherever planed, that £ inch should be just i just that anywhere we may t, no matter who planes it or where i". comes from. If we a;e to have 15 16 let it all be of a uniform thickness, and not b^ 1-32 sc»nt or full, as the case may be, according to the mill it may come from. Will, how are we to get at this uniformity? We faII kDow that under the preserjt conditions it is next to impossible to do it. We might as well try lo bring order oat of chaos as to attempt any such thing undfer the now existing circum- stances when everybody " paddles bis own canoe." Lumbar conventions get together and talk up matters of interest in their business were dollars and cents are concerned, but I never have seen or heard of;their talking up anything of this kind, notwithstanding I do trfnk this and some other like things would be matters of interest to talk up when planing mill men have their big talks. ; As an operator, I can see wbylit is next to impossible for every hoard in a lot (unless it shou;d be a small lot) to be of tbe same thickness Yon see, a man Starts out on a lot, say 10,000 feet of boards, and he runs alonglill his knives get dull, and all the while his staff is varying in thickness a little. The rule hardly shows it, but if a solid gaujgp is slipped over the edge it will show very plainly there is a lacided change in thickness. Well, he runs till he thinks it besfto sharpen his knives, and after sharpening starts up to run the rest of the lot. Perhaps he dont even try the thickness j$y rule, but if be did, the difference was so small he didn't Ibiok it worth noticing, and works on till tbe lot is finished. Mpw the " almost impossible" comes in in the preaeDt arrangement of the parts of the plan- iDg machine. If the operator wafets to alter just a least bit, he must let his board run out andlome up with the tightening nuts and turn down perhaps hai a turn and then turn up again till he gue-ses he is about 'ftht, and starts up. Maybe he is right and maybe not. If naj, he tries it again, perhaps this time guessing. We have toUcome down to the fact that all these little alterations are litt;e, if any, better than guess work. A great many planers have a Kftuge to set them by when we are about to make any considerable alteration, but when we come to alter just alittle or, as wefnearly all say, " just a hair," then a gauge does not amount t» anything, and we have to guess that we have lowered or n§sed the head about enough. We should have to do all of this ;ven if we had the most per- fect apparatus in the world foijmeasuriog the thickness of stuff, but if we had better gauge* for making these measure- ments and paid strict attention J;o their use, I think planed stuff would ba much more ufiiform in thickness. When nothing batter is to be bad, if we$take ag' od, hard piece of oak and cut into it acmes the grain sftout two inches deep, just the thickness you want the stuff,;vyou will have s-omelhing that will last a great while and be very accurate. But the hardest of oak wears away finally, and gradually the standard be- comes thicker, until we have toanake a new oak gauge and re- duce thickness to just the poinCwe want it. A wooden gauge is always tnore or less faulty, because in damp weather it absorbs moisture to that extent that it be- comes perceptibly larger. I Jhought one tims that I would have a perfect gauge to wori two sides with tongue and groove in the centre, so I wok a piece of hard maple and planed to pieces 5-16 and ano;her J inch, and putting the J inch in the centre in a way (lb form a tongue and groove, I glued the three parts together solid. I did have a nice one and as perfect as a wooden gauge could be, but I found by us- ing a solid iron gauge for thfckness that wet weather would make it quite a little large.- By using the two together I could, by watching out, niakejetuff very nearly all alike. I have in my mind a gauge which, I think, would give good satisfaction to all parties concerned. A bar of steel, g by 1 inch and about 6 inches long, ground and polished and marked like a rule thirty seconds on oDe side and tenths and twelfcbs on the other. On one end of thie bar should be a solid flat head, having considerab'e rarface and projecting 1J or 2 inehes. On the bar should b» a sliding; head just as large as the tolii one, and fastened firmly with •&gt; set screw. The mnvahle^head conld be set to any point and would always be reliable if tbe scale cm the har was rght, the thickness would be correct, and the tool could be u«"d a» lon^ as any ordinary man woulol want to work in a planing mill. If it went through the section fan several times or got rate tbe furnaces a couple of times where wrenches and lots of other tools frequently find &lt;fe stopping place, it wnnll become very much demoralize!. I^sucb a tool were in common use, as it ought to be, another ojght tc be bought for about $1.50, whioh is the price such a thing ought to be made to retail tor. We ought to have this for this work only, and not make it, as many other took are made, with forty or fifty tbiDgs at- tached to it. Say a saw set and glass cutter and can opener, a hammer and screw driver ?and gimlet twister and socket wrench. Tools work best teat are made for and used for a special purpose and not for Anything eNp. We think some- times it is a gain to use a monfcey wrench for a hammer, but if we do we very soon have neitther wrench nor batrraer to use, and have to beg, borrow, or bay both a wrench ind hammer. Now, I don't think a solid gauge to slip on to the edge of the board would cure all.the ills t^at planing humanity is heir tc or make every board from Mfine to California of exactly the same thickners, yet I do th»k if they used to a greater ex- tent then they are, and a cer&amp;in amount of heedlessness was taken out of some men hargling our planing mschines by by some kind of patented pr«es», there would be very much less grumbling among thoseJvho mske tre door ai d window frames and casings and everjpiecs of w .rk where li tarda are brought together and show tieir varying thickne-s, and have to be trimmed with plane Ad chisel in consequence.—J. T. Langdon, in the Builder ani Wood- Worker. AN AMERICAN CPIN RE The following is taken fr&lt; man and Manufacturer, N OF CANADA AND ITS TJRCES. the Mississippi Vbliev Lumber* d is an instance of tre feeling existing across the bor ler.jfrezaHirjg the agricultural timber and mineral resources of CAada : Last week we had ocas^in to notice the commet cement of tbe construction &lt; f the Winnipeg &amp; Hulson Bay railway, and alluded to tbe mi-'appreheqiion which exi-ts in reference to the great region known as B-itjsh America, stre'ehing in a br. ai belt from the Atlantic tng tbe S uth- ern British border until they have reached the Pacific coast This belt of, say 100 miles wide and 3,000 miles long, has been demonstrated to be not only a habitable country, but one cap- able of sustaining as dense a population as tbe same belt across- Europe and Asia does niow. A quarter of a century sgo a&gt; large part of this bait W/as reported to be an arid waste, so- bleak and desolate that; only furred animals and Esquimaux could inhabit it. Now Manitoba, Assiniboine and Saskatcbe wan are conceded to be the best rivals if not superiors t" Dakota and Montana as wheat producing countries. Vas-</i><br><br><b>Note About Images</b><br></p>
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