The area of Liaoning ("Liaodong") including all 3 sections of the Willow Palisade, cropped from the larger 'Most General Map' from D'Anville's 1737 <i>New Atlas of China, Chinese Tartary, and Tibet</i>.
"D’Anville’s maps of China were based on a survey of the Chinese empire that was ordered by the emperor in 1708 and carried out by the Chinese, but under the supervision of Jesuit priests resident in China. The detail about the interior of China was far superior to any previous Western map or atlas. D’Anville’s work remained a standard Western source for the geography of China and adjacent regions until well into the 19th century, when it finally was superseded by more accurate maps." <small>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/167/?ql=eng&amp;c=CN&amp;r=EastAsia&amp;view_type=gallery">World Digital Library</a>)</small>
<bdi><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Jean-Baptiste_Bourguignon_d%27Anville" class="extiw" title="w:en:Jean-Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville"><span title="French cartographer and geographer">Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville</span></a>
</bdi>
An antique map from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.ust.hk/info/exhibit/maps-2002/">Special Collection "China in Maps"</a> of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Library, reproduced by the HKUST Library in the book "China in European Maps", Hong Kong, 2003. <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/962-86403-9-9" title="Special:BookSources/962-86403-9-9">ISBN 962-86403-9-9</a>.