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<p>The Department of the Navy is the second largest consumer of petroleum within the Department of Defense and has  been tasked by Navy leadership to reduce energy costs in the tactical forces. Energy conservation can be both a cost  effective and relatively quick way to reduce energy. To better understand how the Navy can more effectively  encourage energy conservation, this study reviewed existing literature for relevant management and communication  theory and practices, identified and evaluated existing Navy energy conservation programs, and interviewed Navy  tactical forces' personnel regarding their perspectives on the effectiveness of current programs and their motivations  for conserving. Results from published literature indicate that key factors affecting energy conservation behaviors  include attitudes, cognitive understanding, motivation, leadership, and effective strategic communication practices.  Assessments of existing programs resulted in a focus on two successful initiatives: the i-ENCON program and the  Shipboard Energy Management Program. The benefits and drawbacks of these programs are discussed. Finally,  interview results suggest several factors that may enhance or impede energy conservation efforts in the Navy  including level of awareness of the problem, importance of setting specific goals, the need for feedback on effective  energy conservation behaviors, the impact of material and social benefits, the importance of the role of leadership, the  challenges and opportunities provided by Navy culture, the potential impact of process and policy barriers, and the  importance of communication and outreach. Recommendations include the need to improve upon and expand existing  programs; to tailor communication themes, messages, and channels to key audiences; to develop a risk  communication plan; to design a process for evaluating conservation capabilities; and to support an integrated  strategic communication process.
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<br>Subjects:  Behavior Change.;  Incentives;  Motivations;  Strategic Communication;  U.S. Navy Energy Conservation Programs; Energy Conservation; Energy conservation.</div>
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<dl><dd>Haley, Ryan C.</dd>
<dd>Klotzbach, Roy Michael</dd>
<dd>Fox, Shane M.</dd></dl></div>
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