The second major agreement implemented by the NRRC was the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START), which was signed in Moscow on July 31, 1991, by Presidents George H. W. Bush and Mikhail Gorbachev. Following the breakup of the Soviet Union, the Lisbon Protocol of May 23, 1992, made START a multilateral treaty including the United States and the Russian Federation, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine. The comprehensive notification regime for START caused a dramatic increase in the number of messages.
United States Department of State
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