In this devotional panel, the Virgin Mary is depicted reading. Her status as the Queen of Heaven is emphasized by the golden crown-studded with jewels and pearls and adorned with red and white roses-held by the angels. Attached to the Virgin's mantle is a small pendant cross from which pearls are suspended. Antonello's preference for geometric shapes is characteristic of the early Italian Renaissance. From his study of contemporary Flemish painting, the artist had learned about the use of oil glazes. The technique permitted him to create unprecedented rich details with textures that reflected light in different ways. This is particularly visible in the crown.
<bdi><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Antonello_da_Messina" class="extiw" title="w:en:Antonello da Messina"><span title="Italian Renaissance painter (1430-1479)">Antonello da Messina</span></a>
</bdi>
between circa 1460 and circa 1462 <div style="display: none;">date QS:P571,+1460-00-00T00:00:00Z/8,P1319,+1460-00-00T00:00:00Z/9,P1326,+1462-00-00T00:00:00Z/9,P1480,Q5727902</div> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Renaissance" class="extiw" title="w:en:Renaissance"><span title="cultural movement that spanned the period roughly from the 14th to the 17th century">Renaissance</span></a><div style="display: none;">era QS:P2348,Q4692</div>)
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