The caucasus. Part of A fine example of Rigobert Bonne and Guilleme Raynal’s 1780 map of Turkey in Europe and Asia.   This map of the Ottoman Empire includes the areas stretching from Italy, Hungary, and modern day Austria in the west, to the Caspian (Caspiene) Sea and Iran in the east, to the Persian Gulf and Egypt's Nile Delta in the south.  Includes modern day Greece and Turkey in their entirety (including the area formerly known as Kurdistan), as well as Georgia (Georgie), Armenia, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, Iran, Iraq, and Syria.  Denotes Jerusalem, Baghdad (Bagdad), Constantinople (the capital of the Roman Empire) and other important cities.  Highly detailed with rivers, lakes, and mountain ranges labeled.   Includes 5 scales of measurement in the bottom left quadrant.    Atlas de Toutes les Parties Connues du Globe Terrestre, Dressé pour l'Histoire Philosophique et Politique des Établissemens et du Commerce des Européens dans les Deux Indes .
<div class="fn value">
<ul><li><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1780_Raynal_and_Bonne_Map_of_Turkey_in_Europe_and_Asia_-_Geographicus_-_TurquieEurope-bonne-1780.jpg" title="File:1780 Raynal and Bonne Map of Turkey in Europe and Asia - Geographicus - TurquieEurope-bonne-1780.jpg">1780_Raynal_and_Bonne_Map_of_Turkey_in_Europe_and_Asia_-_Geographicus_-_TurquieEurope-bonne-1780.jpg</a>: <div class="commons-creator vcard"></div></li></ul><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r728533443">.mw-parser-output .commons-creator-table{background-color:#f0f0ff;box-sizing:border-box;font-size:95%;text-align:start}.mw-parser-output .commons-creator-table>tbody>tr{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .commons-creator-table>tbody>tr>th{background-color:#e0e0ee;font-weight:bold;text-align:start}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .commons-creator-table,.mw-parser-output .commons-creator-table>tbody{display:block;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .commons-creator-table>tbody{border-right:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .commons-creator-table>tbody>tr{border-top:1px solid #aaa;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output .commons-creator-table>tbody>tr>th{border-left:1px solid #aaa;padding:2px;flex:1 1 100%}.mw-parser-output .commons-creator-table>tbody>tr>td{border-left:1px solid #aaa;padding:2px;flex:1 1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .commons-creator-table{border:1px solid #aaa;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;padding:5px}.mw-parser-output .commons-creator-table>tbody>tr>th,.mw-parser-output .commons-creator-table>tbody>tr>td{border:1px solid #aaa;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .commons-creator-table>tbody>tr>.halfwidth{max-width:10em}.mw-parser-output .commons-creator-table>tbody>tr>.fullwidth{max-width:20em}}</style><table class="commons-creator-table mw-collapsible mw-collapsed mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr" lang="en"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4"><span class="fn" id="creator"><bdi><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Rigobert_Bonne" class="extiw" title="w:en:Rigobert Bonne"><span title="French cartographer (1727-1794)">Rigobert Bonne</span></a>
</bdi></span> (1727–1794) <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Creator:Rigobert_Bonne" title="Creator:Rigobert Bonne"><img alt="Blue pencil.svg" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/23px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/30px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q721492" title="wikidata:Q721492"><img alt="wikidata:Q721492" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590"></a> <div class="mw-collapsible-toggle mw-collapsible-toggle-collapsed"><span class="mw-collapsible-arrowtoggle"> </span></div></th>
</tr><tr><th scope="row">Alternative names</th>
<td colspan="2" class="fullwidth" id="fileinfotpl_creator_alt-name_value"><div class="nickname">
epiphane</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Description</th>
<td colspan="2" class="fullwidth" id="fileinfotpl_creator_desc_value">French cartographer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Date of birth/death</th>
<td class="halfwidth" id="fileinfotpl_creator_birthdate_value">
6 October 1727 <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q721492#P569" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></a></td><td class="halfwidth" id="fileinfotpl_creator_deathdate_value">
1795</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Location of birth/death</th>
<td class="halfwidth" id="fileinfotpl_creator_birthloc_value">
Raucourt (Ardennes)</td><td class="halfwidth" id="fileinfotpl_creator_deathloc_value">
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Paris" class="extiw" title="w:en:Paris"><span title="capital and most populous city of France">Paris</span></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Work location</th>
<td colspan="2" class="fullwidth" id="fileinfotpl_creator_work-location"><div class="locality">
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Pontault-Combault" class="extiw" title="w:en:Pontault-Combault"><span title="commune in Seine-et-Marne, France">Pontault-Combault</span></a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q721492#P937" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Authority_file" class="extiw" title="w:en:Authority file"><span title="collection of authority records, where each record picks preferred heading, alternative heading and other information, used for bibliographic information">Authority file</span></a></th>
<td colspan="2" class="fullwidth" id="fileinfotpl_creator_authority_value"><div class="hlist">
<ul><li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q721492" title="wikidata:Q721492"><img alt="wikidata:Q721492" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590"></a>: <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q721492" class="extiw" title="d:Q721492">Q721492</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Virtual_International_Authority_File" class="extiw" title="w:en:Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/39418086/">39418086</a></span></span></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:International_Standard_Name_Identifier" class="extiw" title="w:en:International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.oclc.org/xslt/DB=1.2/CMD?ACT=SRCH&amp;IKT=8006&amp;TRM=ISN%3A0000000116246476">0000 0001 1624 6476</a></span></span></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Union_List_of_Artist_Names" class="extiw" title="w:en:Union List of Artist Names">ULAN</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&amp;role=&amp;nation=&amp;subjectid=500129572">500129572</a></span></span></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:LCCN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80069052">n80069052</a></span></span></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:National_Library_of_Australia" class="extiw" title="w:en:National Library of Australia">NLA</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librariesaustralia.nla.gov.au/search/display?dbid=auth&amp;id=36405581">36405581</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n80069052">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div style="display: none;">artist QS:P170,Q721492</div>
1780 (undated)
This file was provided to Wikimedia Commons by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geographicus.com/">Geographicus Rare Antique Maps</a>, a specialist dealer in rare maps and other cartography of the 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, as part of a <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Geographicus" title="Commons:Geographicus">cooperation project</a>.