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<p>Smoking as a risk factor in periodontal diseases<br>Lieutenant Commander Cecilia C. Pairo, DC, USNR, and Commander Mary E. Neill, DC, USN<br><br>Purpose<br>The purpose of this Clinical Update is to provide the clinician with a general overview of the relationship and impact of smoking on periodontal diseases. The following main topics will be addressed: 1) the effect of tobacco smoking on the prevalence and severity of periodontal diseases; 2) the effect of smoking on the response to therapy; 3) possible mechanisms of periodontal disease progression in smokers; and, 4) the effects of tobacco cessation.
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<br>Subjects: smoking; tobacco</div>
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U.S. Navy. Naval Postgraduate Dental School</div>
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