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<p>Clinical application of electronic apex locators with an emphasis on the Root ZX®<br>Lieutenant Commander Gregory T. Engel DC, USN and Captain Scott B. McClanahan DC, USN<br><br>Introduction<br>Electronic apex locators (EALs) have aided root canal working length determination for over 40 years (1). Their erratic clinical behavior and interpretation can be a source of frustration for some dental providers. The purpose of this Clinical Update is to provide an understanding of apex locator function, discuss clinically relevant issues, and offer guidelines for use and trouble-shooting. Also, implications for use on patients with cardiac pacemakers will be discussed.
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<br>Subjects: endodontics ; Root Canal Preparation ; Root Canal Therapy</div>
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U.S. Navy. Naval Postgraduate Dental School</div>
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