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<p>Peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis: incidence, etiology, diagnosis and treatment<br>Commander Brett Metcalf, DC, USN and Commander Matthew J. Gramkee, DC, USN<br><br>Introduction<br>The success of endosseous dental implants has been attributed to their functional ankylosis or bone anchorage. Branemark described this osseointegration as a direct structural connection at the light microscopic level between bone and the surface of a load-carrying implant.<br><br>Criteria for successful osseointegration were established by Albrektsson and Smith as: 1) absence of persistent signs/symptoms such as pain, infection, neuropathies, parathesias, and violation of vital structures; 2) implant immobility; 3) no continuous peri-implant radiolucency; 4) negligible progressive bone loss (less than 0.1mm annually) after physiologic remodeling during the first year in function; and 5) patient/dentist satisfaction with the implant supported restoration(s). The clinician should continuously assess these parameters as implants, like natural teeth, are susceptible to periodontal pathogens and a stimulated host inflammatory reaction.<br><br>Today, with increasing numbers of patients receiving dental implants, it is imperative that all dental clinicians be competent in monitoring and maintaining dental implant health. The purpose of this update is to describe incidence, etiology, diagnosis and a treatment strategy for peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis.
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<br>Subjects: Dental Implants;  Dentists; Pain; Peri-Implantitis</div>
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U.S. Navy. Naval Postgraduate Dental School</div>
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