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<p>Human Papillomavirus-associated Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma<br><br>Major Heather Olmo, DC, USA, Captain Robert D. Foss, DC, USN<br>and Commander Marc Stokes, DC, USN<br><br>Introduction<br>Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) which includes the oral cavity, oropharynx and larynx is the sixth most common cancer worldwide with an estimated 633,000 incident cases and 335,000 deaths annually. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is specifically associated with squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the oropharynx which encompasses the base of the tongue, lingual and palatine tonsils and the pharyngeal walls. This is in contrast to conventional HNSCC which typically involve the oral cavity proper (mostly tongue and floor of mouth) or the larynx. The significant role of HPV in HNSCC is a rapidly advancing area of medicine and HPV-associated oropharyngeal SCC (HPV-SCC) can now be considered a distinct clinical entity. Currently, nearly 150 HPV types have been identified and 120 of these have been fully DNA sequenced. HPV types 16 and 18 are the primary 'high-risk' types that are most frequently associated with HPV-SCC. It should be noted that HPV 16 and 18 are well established causative agents of cervical cancer. HPV 16 accounts for the majority (87%) of HPV-positive cases of HNSCC.
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<br>Subjects: Head and Neck Neoplasms; cancer; Carcinoma; Squamous Cell;  Human papillomavirus 16;</div>
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U.S. Navy. Naval Postgraduate Dental School</div>
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