<div class="description">
<dl><dd>AN ESSAY, ETC.</dd></dl><p>ANALYSIS OF CONTENTS. 
SECTION I. 
The comparative Antiquity OF the Foundation of Churches and Chapels in Wales, ascertained from the nature of their Endowments. 
Churches at first few, and their parishes extensive 11 
Subdivision of ancient parishes ; Chapelries 12 
Origin of vicarages 13 
Instances of Churches of the earliest Foundation 15 
Churches of later Foundation 15 
Vested rights of Churches respected by the Welsh Princes 16 
Parochial Chapels, and Chapels of Ease 18 
Cells, Oratories, and Hermitages 19 
Use of the words "Llan, Capel, and Bettws" 20 
The establishment of parishes gradual 21 
Effects of the Law of Gavelkind 21 
Parent Churches not converted into Chapels 23 
Subordination of Churches and Chapels proved from the Charters of Monasteries 24 
SECTION II. 
The Subordination of Churches and Chapels considered with REFERENCE TO THE SAINTS TO WHOM THEY ARE DEDICATED. 
Churches dedicated to St. Mary 27
Their late origin proved from their situations historically considered 32
And from Domesday Book 35
Churches dedicated to St. Michael 36
More ancient than those dedicated to St. Mary ; but 40 
Not so ancient as those ascribed to Welsh Saints 42 
Churches ascribed or dedicated to St. David 43 
Their antiquity 45 
Testimony of Gwynfardd Brycheiniog about A. D. 1200 48 
Amended list of Churches of St. David, of which the 52 
Parent Churches were probably founded by him, but the 54 
Chapels and Subordinate Churches were erected after his decease 55 
Their situations not arbitrarily chosen 56 
SECTION III. 
General Observations on the Welsh Saints as distinguished From THOSE OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. 
Dedication to Saints, not the practice of the ancient Britons 57 
Separation of the Britons from the Church of Rome 58 
Architecture of the British Churches 59 
Mode of Consecration practised by the Primitive Christians of Scotland 60 
The same mode used apparently by the Primitive Christians of Wales ; its effects 61 
Invocation of Angels 61 
The homage paid to St. Mary, of late introduction 62 
The Welsh Saints, the Founders of most Churches which bear their names 64 
Second Class of Foundations 64 
The Welsh brought into communion with the Church of Rome in the Eighth Century 65 
Romish Computation of Easter introduced by Elbodius, Archbishop of Bangor 66 
First notice of a Church dedicated to St. Michael, A D. 717 67 
Third Class of Foundations 69 
Chapels named after Welsh Saints 69 
Churches consecrated a second time 70 
Catholic Saints of Britain 71 
Welsh Authorities; "Bonedd neu Achau Saint Ynys Prydain" 73 
Triads 75 
SECTION IV. 
The Welsh Saints from the Introduction of Christianity to the END OF THE SECOND CENTURY. 
Account of the Introduction of Christianity into Britain by Bran ab Llyr 77 
Its authenticity questioned 78 
Account of Bran in the Mabinogion 80 
Companions and Descendants of Bran 81 
Lleurwg or Lucius 82 
His History uncertain 83 
Dyfan, Ffagan, Medwy, and Elfan 84 
Lucius po sibly the founder of a Church at Llandaff, said to have been the first in Britain 85
Memorials of his Contemporaries 86 
SECTION V 
An Examination of the early Welsh Pedigrees, with a view to ASCERTAIN THE PERIOD ABOUT WHICH THE COMMENCEMENT OF THEIR AUTHENTICITY MAY BE DATED. 
Deficiency of Welsh tradition from Lucius to Maximus A. D. 383 88 
Descendants of Bran ab Llyr 89 
Inconsistencies in the Pedigree 90 
Descendants of Bel i Mawr 91 
Fabrication of Pedigrees which relate to the Roman-British Period 92 
Cadfrawd, a Saint and Bishop 92 
Mistakes, in the presumed Lineage of Bran ab Llyr, explained 93 
Age of Cadfrawd, Coel Godebog, and Cynan Meiriadog 94 
The Authenticity of Welsh Pedigrees commences in the fourth century 94 
SECTION VI. 
The Welsh Saints from a. d. 300 to a. d. 400. 
Alban, Amphibalus, Aaron, and Julius 96 
Constantine the Great, not a native of Britain 97 
Helen, not a British Saint 98 
British Bishops at the Council of Arles A. D. 314 100 
Councils of Sardica and Ariminum 101 
Descendants of Coel Godebog 103 
Settlement of Cynan Meiriadog in Armorica 104 
St. Ursula and the eleven thousand Virgins 105
Pelagius 105 
SECTION VII. 
The Welsh Saints from a. d. 400 to a. d. 433. 
Emancipation of Britain from the Romans A.D. 408 or 409 106
Owain ab Macsen Wledig, Chief Sovereign of the Britons 107
Descendants of Macsen Wledig or Maximus 108
Cunedda Wledig, a Chieftain of the Northern Britons 108
Settlement of the Sons of Cunedda in Wales 109 
Ancestry of Brychan, regulus of Brecknockshire 110 
Descendants of Cunedda 111 
Age of Brychan 113 
Other British Chieftains 113 
Lands given to the Saints by Cunedda 114 
Peblig, a saint 115 
Mor ab Ceneu ; Notice of his Churches by Llywarch Hen 117 
Visit of Germanus and Lupus to Britain 119 
Examination of the testimony of Prosper 120 
"Victoria Alleluiatica" 121 
Welsh Account of Garmon or St. Germanus 122 
Locality of the Alleluiatic Victory 12 
Churches ascribed to St. Lupus 126 
SECTION VIII. 
The Welsh Saints from a. d. 433 to a. d. 464. 
Cystennyn Fendigaid or Constantine the Blessed 127 
Welsh tradition of St. Patrick 128 
His supposed residence at Menevia or St. David's 129 
Second Visit of St. Germanus 129 
He is hospitably received by Cadell Deyrnllug, and 130 
Insulted by Vortigern 130 
Churches ascribed to him 131 
Gwrtheyrn or Vortigern 132 
Cynllo 132 
Gwrthefyr or Vortimer 134 
Rencounter between St. Patrick and Ceredig ab Cunedda 135 
Family of Brychan 136 
Sons of Brychan ; St. Cy nog, &amp;c 138 
Daughters of Brychan 146 
Legend of St. Keyna 153 
Brynach Wyddel 156 
Distribution of Churches ascribed to the Family of Brychan 157 
The Welsh Saints, an order of primitive monks 158 
Female Saints 159 
Cornish List of the Children of Brychan 160 
SECTION IX. 
The Welsh Saints from the Accession of Vortimer a. d. 464 to the Death of Ambrosius a. d. 500. 
Descendants of Cadell Deyrnllug 161 
Gynyr of Caer Gawch 162 
Gistlianus, bishop of Menevia ; Uncle of St. David 162 
Tewdrig ab Teithfallt, prince of Glamorgan 164 
Descendants of Emyr Llydaw 165 
Expulsion of the Gwyddyl Ffichti from North Wales by Caswallon La whir 166 
Retreat of several of the Northern Britons to Wales 167 
Pabo Post Prydain 168 
Geraint ab Erbin, a chieftain of Devon 169 
Gwynlly w Filwr, chieftain of Gwynllwg, Monmouthshire 170 
Dyfrig or St. Dubricius 170 
Archbishoprick of Caerleon 173 
The dignity removed to Menevia, and afterwards to Llandaff 174 
Its power lost between contending parties 174 
Colleges of Llancarfan, Caerworgorn, and Caerleon, founded by St. Dubricius 176 
Cattwg Ddoeth 176 
Churches ascribed to him 177 
Illtyd or St. Ututus 178 
Churches of St. Ututus 179 
British Monastic Institutions 181 
Use of the terms "Cer and Bangor" 181 
The Members of the British Monasteries or Colleges very numerous 181 
Death of Tewdrig ab Teithfallt 184 
Meurig ab Tewdrig 184 
Not the same person as Uther Pendragon the Father of Arthur 185 
Arthur, a Native of Cornwall 185 
Paulinus or Pawl Hen 187 
Ffraid or St. Bride 189 
SECTION X. 
The Welsh Saints from the Accession of Uther Pendragon a. d. 500 to the Death of Arthur a. d. 542. 
Synod at Llanddewi Brefi respecting the Pelagian Heresy 191 
The Heresy refuted by St. David, who is elected Archbishop of Caerleon 192 
Death of St. Dubricius 192 
Relics not worshipped by the Primitive Christians 193 
Dewi or St. David 193 
Brought up under Sts. lltutus and Paulinus 194
Founds a Monastery in the Valley of Rosina, afterwards called Menevia 195 
His Character 196 
He removes the Archbishoprick from Caerleon to Menevia 197 
Extent of his Diocese 198 
Traces of his Memory in Devon and Cornwall 199 
His Death 200 
Canonization by Pope Calistus 201 
Expulsion of the Gwyddyl Ffichti from South Wales by Urien Rheged 202 
North Britain 203 
Account of the Britons of Cumberland 204 
Dunawd, Founder of the Monastery of Bangor Iscoed 206 
Brochwel Ysgythrog, defeated by Ethelfrith 208 
Saints of the Line of Cunedda 208 
Afan Buallt 208 
Carannog or St. Carantocus His Legend 209 
Einion Frenhin 212 
Arrival of Cadfan with a company of Saints from Armorica 213 
Padarn, the First Bishop of Llanbadam Fawr 215 
Tydecho, Amwn Ddu, and other Armorican Saints 218 
Family of Caw 224 
Aneurin ; Question of his identity with Gildas 225 
Aeddan Foeddog, Bishop of Ferns 227 
Samson, Archbishop of York 228 
Archiepiscopal Pall claimed by the Bishops of St. David's 229 
Maelog ab Caw 230 
Family of Geraint ab Erbin 232 
Families of Gwynllyw Filwr, and Ynyr Gwent 233 
Inundation of Cantref y Gwaelod 234 
Romance of Taliesin 236 
Legend of St. Justinian 238 
Festivals of Saints represented by modern Fairs and W akes 240 
SECTION XI. 
Thb Welsh Saints from the Accession of Cystennyn Goronog a. d. 542 to the Death of Maelgwn Gwynedd a. d. 566. 
Cynog, Bishop of Llanbadam and Archbishop of Menevia 242 
Teilo, Bishop of LlandafF 242 
He retires to Armorica 243 
He returns and is appointed Archbishop of Menevia 244 
The Archbishoprick removed to LlandafF 244 
Diocese of St. Teilo 244 
List of his Churches 245 
Grant to the Church of LlandafF by Rhydderch ab Iestin 246 
Death of St. Teilo 250 
Ismael, Tyfei, and Oudoceus 251 
Samson, Bishop of Dole in Armorica 252 
Disputes between the Bishops of Dole and Tours 255 
Welsh Saints in Armorica 256 
Gwynno or Gwynnog ab Gildas 257 
Daniel or Deiniol, the First Bishop of Bangor 258 
Consecrated probably by St. David 259 
Cyndeyrn or St. Kentigern, the First Bishop of Glasgow 261 
He retires to Wales, and founds the Bishoprick of St. Asaph 262 
His alleged Correspondence with the Pope 262 
Consecration of British Bishops not deemed valid by the Romanists 264 
Cybi 266 
Beuno 268 
Ancient Welsh Bards 271 
Did the Primitive Christians of Wales possess a Translation of the Scriptures ? 272 
SECTION XII. 
The Welsh Saints from the Death of Maelgwn Gwynedd a. d. 566 
TO THE CLOSE OF THE SlXTH CENTURY. 
Advance of the Saxons 273 
St. Oudoceus, Bishop of LlandafF 274 
Tyssilio, Bishop of St. Asaph 277 
Not the Author of the Chronicle of the Kings of Britain 277 
His Churches 278 
St. Columba, Founder of the Monastery of Iona 281 
Landing of St. Augustin 281 
SECTION XIII. 
The Welsh Saints from a. d. 600 to the Death of Cadwallon ab Cadfan a. d. 634. 
View of National Affairs 283 
Bede's Account of the Conference between St. Augustin and the Monks of Bangor Iscoed 284 
Observations upon Bede's Account 288 
AN ESSAY, &amp;c. 
Refusal of the Britons to submit to the Pope 288 
Alleged Reply of Dunawd to St. Augustin 289 
Silence of Bede respecting an Archbishoprick in Wales 291 
Commissions received by St. Augustin from Pope Gregory 291 
Seven Bishops of the British Church at this time 292 
Massacre of the Monks of Bangor by Ethelfrith 293 
Legend of Gwenfrewi or St. Winefred 295 
SECTION XIV. 
The Welsh Saints from the Death OF Cadwallon a. d. 634 to the Death of Cadwaladr a. d. 664. 
Reign of Cadwaladr 299 
Confounded with Ceadwalla, King of Wessex 300 
Cadwaladr esteemed a Saint 301 
Peris 302 
Edwen 303 
SECTION XV. 
The Welsh Saints from the Death of Cadwaladr a.d. 664 to the End of the Seventh Century, including those of uncertain date. 
Little known of the history of this Generation 304 
Degeman or St. Decumanus 305 
Saints after the Conformity of the Welsh to the Church of Rome 305 
Welsh Saints of uncertain date 306 
Curig Lwyd 307 
Objection respecting the number of Saints 309 
Epistle of St. Aldhelm to Geruntius respecting the Tonsure and Paschal Cycle 311 
The Britons at this time not under Papal Jurisdiction 312 Concluding Observations 313
Appendix, No. I.— Saints of Britain from Cressy's "Church History of Brittany" 315
Appendix, No. II.— Anglo-Saxon Saints to whom Churches have been dedicated in Wales 322
Appendix, No. III. — A List of Churches and Chapels in Wales, in- cluding the County of Monmouth and part of the County of Hereford 323
Index 353 
</p><p>Digitized by Google.
</p>
<dl><dd>Includes bibliographical references and index</dd>
<dd>Electronic reproduction</dd>
<dd>Master and use copy. Digital master created according to Benchmark for Faithful Digital Reproductions of Monographs and Serials, Version 1. Digital Library Federation, December 2002</dd>
<dd>digitized</dd>
<dd>Description based on print version record</dd></dl><br>Subjects: Christian saints; Christian saints -- Wales</div>
<div class="fn value">
Rees, Rice, 1804-1839</div>
Internet Archive identifier