Phylogenetic relationships with molecular clock of Fukomys clades ( Figure 3: Maximum clade credibility tree inferred using BEAST with an uncorrelated relaxed molecular clock model (allowing a variable rate of sequence evolution across the tree). The clock calibration to convert genetic distance to time is based on calibration 1 (Ingram, Burda &amp; Honeycutt, 2004). The tree is also annotated with maximum likelihood reconstruction of geographic range evolution under the constrained (stratified) DEC model implemented in Lagrange (see text). Additional geological annotations below the tree are based on Voje et al. (2009), Trauth et al. (2005) and Ebinger et al. (1993), respectively. MTJ = corresponds to the period of increased tectonic activity at the Mbeya Triple Junction. Circled letters and the filled red circle on clade labels correspond to locations on Fig. 1, with GenBank accession numbers in parentheses after species names and locations. Geographic ranges of these extant taxa are denoted with abbreviations and colour coded boxes, and are defined below. Blue bars spanning nodes correspond to ages for the lower and upper bound of the 95% highest posterior density (HPD) intervals. Numbers at nodes refer to the posterior probabilities in support of that node (1 = 100%). Node A corresponds to the divergence of F. livingstoni, and Node B the divergence of F. hanangensis. The temporal position of these nodes, together with their HPD intervals, for clarity are further represented by the vertical dotted lines and the blue bars below the tree and above the geological annotation bar respectively The colour filled squares at nodes represent ancestral ranges for diverging lineages reconstructed by Lagrange. The matrices above the tree associated with four time ranges depict possible area-to-area dispersals, with rows corresponding to “from” and columns “to”, green fill “yes” and no fill “no”. Areas as follows: SZ, south of the Zambezi River; SL, south of the Limpopo River; WK, west of the Kafue River; EK, east of the Kafue River; MTJ, Mbeya Triple Junction; ER, east of the Rift Valley; WA, West Africa. Relative positions of these geographic areas are depicted on the map inset, and follow the same abbreviations and colour codes as the filled squares on the tree nodes and taxon labels. Blue lines depict the Zambezi (Z), Kafue (K) and Limpopo Rivers (L), blue patches lakes, and bold black lines the main arms of the Rift Valley. Note that for clarity, other rivers are omitted.)
C.G. Faulkes et al.
C.G. Faulkes et al. 2017: <i>Relic populations of </i>Fukomys<i> mole-rats in Tanzania: description of two new species </i>F. livingstoni<i> sp. nov. and </i>F. hanangensis<i> sp. nov.</i> PeerJ 5: e3214; <a href="//doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3214" class="extiw" title="doi:10.7717/peerj.3214">doi: 10.7717/peerj.3214</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://peerj.com/articles/3214/">https://peerj.com/articles/3214/</a>