This figure shows the history of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations as directly measured at Mauna Loa, Hawaii since 1958. This curve is known as the Keeling curve, and is an essential piece of evidence of the man-made increases in greenhouse gases that are believed to be the cause of global warming. The longest such record exists at Mauna Loa, but these measurements have been independently confirmed at many other sites around the world [1]. The annual fluctuation in carbon dioxide is caused by seasonal variations in carbon dioxide uptake by land plants. Since many more forests are concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere, more carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere during Northern Hemisphere summer than Southern Hemisphere summer. This annual cycle is shown in the inset figure by taking the average concentration for each month across all measured years. The red curve shows the average monthly concentrations, and blue curve is a smoothed trend.
The carbon dioxide data is measured as the mole fraction in dry air. This dataset constitutes the longest record of direct measurements of CO2 in the atmosphere (data up to december 2018).
<a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Delorme" class="mw-redirect" title="User:Delorme">Delorme</a>, translation by <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Dymetrios&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Dymetrios (page does not exist)">Dymetrios</a>
CC BY-SA 4.0
<span class="int-own-work" lang="en">Own work</span>. Data from Dr. Pieter Tans, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/">NOAA/ESRL</a> and Dr. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Keeling" class="extiw" title="en:Ralph Keeling">Ralph Keeling</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/">Scripps Institution of Oceanography</a>.