<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Joseph_Minard" class="extiw" title="w:Charles Joseph Minard">Charles Joseph Minard</a>'s vectorized map (1869) displaying the movements and the number of Napoleonic troops during the Russian campaign (1812-1813), as well as the temperature on the return path. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.martingrandjean.ch/historical-data-visualization-minard-map/">About</a>
<a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:SlvrKy" title="User:SlvrKy">Martin Grandjean</a>
CC BY-SA 3.0
Grandjean Martin, <i>Historical Data Visualization: Minard’s map vectorized and revisited</i>, 2014, online: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.martingrandjean.ch/historical-data-visualization-minard-map/">http://www.martingrandjean.ch/historical-data-visualization-minard-map/</a>