Phylogenetic tree of mtDNA haplogroup K1a9 in the context of the putative clade K1a9′10′15′26′30. Time scale (ka) based on ML estimations for mitogenome sequences. K1a9 accounting for another 20% of Ashkenazi K lineages (or 6% of total Ashkenazi lineages) and also dating to ~2.3 ka with ML again includes both Ashkenazi and non-Ashkenazi lineages solely from east Europeans (again suggesting gene flow out into the wider communities). Like K1a1b1a, it is also found, at much lower frequencies, in Sephardim. Here the ancestral branching relationships are less clear, but K1a9 is most plausibly nested within the putative clade K1a9′10′15′26′30, dating to ~9.8 ka, which otherwise includes solely west European (and one Tunisian) lineages, again pointing to a west European source.
Marta D. Costa,	Joana B. Pereira,	Maria Pala,	Verónica Fernandes,	Anna Olivieri, Alessandro Achilli,	Ugo A. Perego,	Sergei Rychkov,	Oksana Naumova,	Jiři Hatina,	Scott R. Woodward,	Ken Khong Eng,	Vincent Macaulay,	Martin Carr,	Pedro Soares,	Luísa Pereira	&amp; Martin B. Richards
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Marta D. Costa et al. A substantial prehistoric European ancestry amongst Ashkenazi maternal lineages. Nature Communications 4, Article number: 2543 doi:10.1038/ncomms3543 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/131008/ncomms3543/full/ncomms3543.html">http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/131008/ncomms3543/full/ncomms3543.html</a>