<p>A Japanese artilleryman, photographed by Hugues Krafft in Koishikawa arsenal, Tokyo in the same year the Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors was signed. By the 1890s, after having defeated samurais led by Saigō Takamori during the Satsuma Rebellion, the Imperial Japanese Army had grown to become the most modern army in Asia. Artillery pieces, however, were purchased from America and Europe, but were indeed scarce, along with problems concerning ammunition supply. The artillery increased its quality shortly after the beginning of the First Sino-Japanese War and started to produce its own callibers.
</p><p>??/??/1882
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