Original caption: "Figure 5. Schematic of “emergence trap” for pitcher plant infauna.
The lower bottle containing the pitcher is completely darkened, causing emerging dipterans to move upwards towards the light shining through the neck. Tanglefoot® prevents crawling insects from entering the collection bottle. The fish trap-like design prevents escape from the collection bottle. Emerging insects reaching the collection bottle were killed when falling into a 1.5% CuSO<sub>4</sub> solution. Traps were stabilised with a pole. Whole, living pitchers could be used without significant interference. Although <i>C. schmitzi</i> could freely pass through a small gap in the bottle along the pitcher tendril, the trap was mosquito-tight (without ants, all the 20 inserted individuals were always recovered; n = 10 traps)."
Scharmann <i>et al.</i>
CC BY 2.5
Scharmann, M., D.G. Thornham, T.U. Grafe &amp; W. Federle (2013). A novel type of nutritional ant–plant interaction: ant partners of carnivorous pitcher plants prevent nutrient export by dipteran pitcher infauna. <i>PLoS ONE</i> <b>8</b>(5): e63556. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="extiw" title="w:Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0063556">10.1371/journal.pone.0063556</a>