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6899492 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicole%20Stafford | Nicole Stafford | Nicole Stafford is a political strategist and diplomat in Quebec.
She was director of public relations for the 1st World Outgames in 2006. She held a number of senior Quebec government positions, including chief of staff for Pauline Marois and Deputy Minister of the Executive Council, and was Quebec's delegate general (the equivalent of an ambassador) to Brussels, Belgium. Earlier, she was a vice-president of a public relations firm.
References
Government of Quebec - Biography
1st World Outgames Montréal 2006: Newsletter No. 33
Quebec civil servants
Living people
Canadian public relations people
Year of birth missing (living people) |
23571216 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty%20Martyrs%20Cathedral | Forty Martyrs Cathedral | The Forty Martyrs Armenian Cathedral () of Aleppo, Syria, is a 15th-century Armenian Apostolic church located in the old Christian quarter of Jdeydeh. It is significant among the Armenian churches for being one of the oldest active churches in the Armenian diaspora and the city of Aleppo. It is a three-nave basilica church with no dome. Its bell tower of 1912, is considered to be one of the unique samples of the baroque architecture in Aleppo.
Armenians in Aleppo
The first significant Armenian presence in the city of Aleppo dates to the 1st century BC, when Armenia under Tigranes the Great subjugated Syria, and chose Antioch as one of the four capitals of the short lived Armenian Empire. After 301 AD, when Christianity became the official state religion of Armenia and its population, Aleppo became an important center for Armenian pilgrims on their way to Jerusalem. Yet, the Armenians did not form into an organized community in Aleppo until the Armenian presence grew noticeably during the 11th century at the times of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, when a considerable number of Armenian families and merchants settled in the city creating their own businesses and residences. With the foundation of Armenian schools, churches and later on the prelacy, Armenians presented themselves as a well-organized community during the 14th century.
The Armenian population of Aleppo continued to grow as Aleppo was swallowed into the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire had a large indigenous Armenian population in its Eastern Anatolia region, from where some Armenians moved to Aleppo in search of economic opportunity. The Armenian presence in Aleppo grew exponentially after 1915, when it became an immediate haven for refugees of survivors of the Armenian genocide. Tens of thousands of Armenian refugees, likely well over 100,000, settled in Aleppo during this period. By some estimates, Armenians accounted for a quarter of Aleppo's population by the middle of the twentieth century, by which time they had become a respected, upwardly mobile community. Later, as a result of political upheaval in Syria, Armenians began to emigrate to Lebanon and later to Europe, the Americas and Australia, especially in the 1970s and 1980s. Nonetheless, Aleppo remained a center of the worldwide Armenian diaspora, ranging between 50,000 and 70,000 Armenians residents. Tens of thousands of Armenians left during the civil war, and it remains to be seen what will remain of the community when stability returns.
History
The Armenian church of the Forty Martyrs in Aleppo was mentioned 1476, in the second edition of the book The Exploit of the Holy Bible, written by Father Melikseth in Aleppo.
However, the current building of the church was built and completed in 1491 to replace a small chapel in the old Christian cemetery of the Jdeydeh quarter. The church was named in honour of a group of Roman soldiers who faced martyrdom near the city of Sebastia in Lesser Armenia, and were all venerated in Christianity as the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste. At the beginning, the church was of a small size with a capacity of only 100 seats. In 1499-1500, the church went under large-scale renovations. Within 2 years, it was enlarged and a new prelacy building of the Armenian Diocese of Beroea was built in the church yard, funded through the donation of an Armenian elite named Reyis Baron Yesayi. During the following years, Forty Martyrs Cathedral frequently became a temporary seat of many Armenian catholicoi of the Holy See of Cilicia.
Until 1579, the cathedral was surrounded with the tombstones of the Armenian cemetery, when the cemetery was moved and only clergymen and the elites of the community were allowed to be buried in the church yard.
The Forty Martyrs Cathedral was renovated again in 1616 by the donation of the community leader emir Khoja Bedig Chelebi and the supervision of his brother Khoja Sanos Chelebi. By the end of the same year, the church was reopened with the presence of Catholicos Hovhannes IV of Aintab (Hovhannes 4th Aintabtsi) and Bishop Kachatur Karkaretsi.
In 1624, as a result of the growing number of Armenian residents and pilgrims, the Armenian prelacy started to build a quarter near the church, which is still known with its original name "Hokedoun" (Spiritual House). It was designated to serve as a rest-house with 23 large rooms for the Armenian pilgrims on their way to Jerusalem. The Hokedoun was built by the donation of Khoja Gharibjan.
The Italian explorer Pietro Della Valle who visited Aleppo in 1625, has described the church as one of the four churches that were built adjacent to each other in one yard with one gate, in the newly created Jdeydeh Christian quarter. The other three churches are the Greek Orthodox Church of the Dormition of Our Lady, the Holy Mother of God Armenian Church (the current Zarehian Treasury) and the old Maronite Church of Saint Elias.
Currently, the cathedral has 3 altars, an upper story built in 1874 and a baptismal font placed in 1888.
The church never had a belfry until 1912, when a bell tower was erected by the donation of the Syrian-Armenian philanthropist Rizkallah Tahhan from Brazil. During the 2nd half of the 20th century, the interior of the church underwent massive renovations to meet with the requirements of traditional Armenian churches. On 28 May 1991, by the donation of Keledjian brothers from Aleppo, a khachkar-memorial was placed in the churchyard commemorating the victims of the Armenian genocide.
On 26 April 2000, the Armenian community of Aleppo marked the 500th anniversary of the first enlargement of the church under the patronage of Catholicos Aram I, during the period of Archbishop Souren Kataroyan.
Icons
The church is rich for both ancient and modern-day icons, with more than 30 samples:
The Mother of God (canvas, 96x118, 1663 by Der-Megerdich)
Virgin Mary with Jesus (canvas, 115x145cm, 1669 by an unknown Armenian painter)
The Baptism of Jesus (canvas, 66x90cm, from the 17th century)
The Worship of the Magi (canvas, 112x134cm, from the 17th century by an unknown Armenian painter)
Saint John The Baptist (wood paint, 39x76cm, 1720 by Kevork Anania)
Saint Joseph (wood paint, 39x76cm, 1720 by Kevork Anania)
Virgin Mary with Jesus (wood paint, 46x126cm, 1729 by Kevork Anania)
The Baptism of Jesus Christ (wood paint, 86x105cm, 1756 by Kevork Anania)
Virgin Mary surrounded by The Apostles (canvas, 70X80cm, from the late 18th century by an unknown Armenian painter)
The Last Judgement, one of the most famous icons of the Aleppine school (canvas, 400x600cm, 1703 by Nehmatallah Hovsep)
With the initiative of Archbishop Souren Kataroyan, the majority of the icons were renovated between 1993 and 1996 by the Armenian expert Andranik Antonyan.
Church of the Holy Mother of God
The old church of the Holy Mother of God was built prior to 1429, at a time when the Armenian community was formed as a significant community in Aleppo with its own clergymen, scholars and the prelacy. This small church has witnessed several renovations, in 1535, 1784, 1849 and 1955 respectively. The church remained active until the beginnings of the 20th century, when it was turned into a library. In 1991, the building was turned into museum and renamed Zarehian Treasury of the Armenian Apostolic Church of Aleppo, in memory of Catholicos Zareh I of the Great House of Cilicia, who had served as archbishop of the diocese of Aleppo before being elected as catholicos.
Current status
The Forty Martyrs Cathedral is the seat of the Armenian Diocese of Beroea and one of the oldest active churches in the city. It is also one of the oldest functioning churches in the Armenian diaspora. The old building of the prelacy within the churchyard is under renovation to serve as an administrative office. The church complex is also home to the Zarehian Treasury, Haygazian Armenian School, Avetis Aharonian theatre hall and Nikol Aghbalian branch of Hamazkayin Educational and Cultural Society. The current building of the prelacy stands in front of the cathedral.
On April 28, 2015, parts of the Forty Martyrs church compound were destroyed in a suspected bombing or artillery attack; the church itself and the bell tower survived the attack. After the last anti-regime rebels left the city in December 2016, renovation works were announced in July 2017. The reconstruction lasted two years, until March 31, 2019, when reconstruction was achieved. The church was reconsecrated by Catholicos Aram I.
Gallery
See also
List of churches in Aleppo
Armenian Apostolic Church
Echmiadzin
List of Armenian Catholicoi of Cilicia
Church of the Holy Mother of God (Aleppo)
Holy See of Cilicia
Armenian Diocese of Beroea
References
External links
Official site of the Armenian Catholicosate of Cilicia
Armenian Prelacy of Beroea (Aleppo, Syria)
Armenian Apostolic churches in Syria
Christian organizations established in the 15th century
Churches destroyed by Muslims
Cathedrals in Aleppo
Jdeydeh quarter
Armenian Apostolic cathedrals
Churches completed in 1491 |
23571225 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Williamson | George Williamson | George Williamson may refer to:
George Williamson (footballer, born 1925) (1925–1994), English footballer
George Williamson (Australian footballer) (1866–1929), Australian rules footballer
George Hunt Williamson (1926–1986), UFO contactee
George Henry Williamson (1845–1918), British Member of Parliament for Worcester, 1906
George H. Williamson (1872–1936), American architect
George M. Williamson (architect) (1892–1979), American architect
George Williamson (diplomat) (1829–1882), US ambassador
George A. Williamson (born 1938), American politician in the state of Florida
George Williamson (academic) (1898–1968), professor of English
G. C. Williamson (George Charles Williamson, 1858–1942), British art historian, antiquarian, and author
See also
George M. Williamson (disambiguation) |
6899495 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20Swedish%20general%20election%20computer%20infringement%20affair | 2006 Swedish general election computer infringement affair | The 2006 Swedish election espionage affair, in daily media sometimes called Leijongate, which is created from Watergate and the liberal party leader Lars Leijonborg, was a series of computer break-ins and the subsequent scandal. It all started on September 4, 2006, only weeks before the 2006 general election, the Social Democratic Party reported a computer break-in into the Social Democrats' internal network to the police. It has been reported that members of the Liberal People's Party had copied secret information not yet officially released to counter-attack Social Democratic political propositions on at least two occasions.
Timeline
November 8, 2005 Stig-Olof Friberg is hired as first ombudsman for the Swedish Social Democratic Party in Skaraborg. He gets free access to the top secret sections of the Social Democratic intranet containing analysis of their political opponents, how to counter them, media strategy and future plans. He logs on using an unencrypted wireless network and uses his user name as password.
Some time in November 2005 Nicklas Lagerlöf, chairman of the Western Sweden district of the Liberal Youth of Sweden (LUF) gets access to Stig-Olof Friberg's user name and password. He also get access to the user names and passwords of Niklas Sörman, ombudsman at the Swedish Social Democratic Youth League (SSU) and secretary Birgitta Svensson. Nicklas Lagerlöf says he was given the passwords by Niklas Sörman who then files a slander lawsuit. Nicklas Lagerlöf later gives the login information to Per Jodenius, press secretary at the LUF main office in Stockholm.
January 12, 2006 Access to the Social Democrats' intranet from Liberal Party servers increases. During the following months 78 log-ins are made downloading internal reports and documents.
February 2, 2006 The Social Democrats start their campaign promising better education for people working with care of the elderly. The same day Lars Leijonborg and the Party social policy spokesperson Erik Ullenhag present their counter-report.
February 17, 2006 At 10 AM, school minister Ibrahim Baylan presents his school report. At 1.15 PM, the Liberal Party releases their counter-report having read the government's report a day before it was published.
February 24, 2006 A person working at the Social Democratic party HQ sends forged e-mails. During the day, ten log-ins from the Liberal Party onto the Social Democrats' intranet are logged. The log-ins stop when the name of the mailer is revealed.
March 14, 2006 Last log-in from servers belonging to the Liberal Party to the Social Democrats' intranet. Log-ins continue from a Telia account.
March 15, 2006 Niki Westerberg, press secretary of the Liberal Party, informs party secretary Johan Jakobsson that she thinks Per Jodenius has access to the Social Democrats' intranet. Jakobsson says he told Jodenius to reveal it to a reporter and stop the illegal access. Per Jodenius contacts Niklas Svensson on Expressen who does not reveal the story, but uses the log-in himself instead.
August 3, 2006 Göran Persson, Social Democratic Prime Minister, is going on a bus tour campaign, the first tour of the election campaign. Five hours after the tour plan has been revealed, the opposition centre-right Alliance for Sweden, where the Liberal Party is a member, reveals that they too are going on a bus tour for the same number of days and cities, with one of them, Örebro, being the same. Niklas Svensson notes the coincidence in an article.
August 3, 2006 The Liberal Party suggest an international conference on gay rights shortly before the government proposes an international conference on hate crimes.
August 30, 2006 Fredrik Sjöshult at Dagens Industri contacts Manuel Ferrer, press contact for the Social Democrats. He asks if they are aware about computer break-ins. Sjöshult claims he has received the information from a Liberal Party member who has reacted to the dirty methods. Manuel Ferrer says he knows nothing. After the meeting he calls party headquarters and they call in the computer security firm Sentor and lock Nicklas Lagerlöf's account.
September 1, 2006 It turns out that between November and March there were 78 log-ins from the Liberal People's Party. Sentor also discovers that several known party members have logged in using their own names.
September 2, 2006 Stig-Olof Friberg is called to the Social Democratic Party headquarters. Using almanacs for 2005 and 2006 he goes through all his log-ins. It shows that when he was on vacation in the mountains someone has used his login to access the intranet from Stockholm. Sentor thinks there are at least 20 other break-ins using his account. They are traced to Telia, but they fail to find out who it is.
September 3, 2006 In the afternoon Sentor leave their investigation to the Social Democrats. They book a room to hold a press conference 7:00 Monday morning. The treasurer calls the computer crimes unit of the police to file charges. At 22.18 the news agency TT have read the Monday issue of Dagens Industri. After TT sent out the news, reporters start calling the Social Democrats. They decide to hold the press conference before midnight. The Liberal Party party secretary Johan Jakobsson is interviewed and says he knew nothing about the espionage. To Lars Leijonborg he says that he knew about it since mid-March.
September 4, 2006 The LUF official, Per Jodenius, is fired after the Social Democrats filed a police complaint about the incident. Lars Leijonborg says that it is his belief that nobody in the party leadership knew about the espionage.
September 5, 2006 the Party Secretary, Johan Jakobsson, voluntarily chooses to resign. Leading members of the party and its youth organization are under police investigation suspected for criminal activity. Lars Leijonborg says he has full confidence in Johan Jakobsson. Later that night, Leijonborg says that he has known about the espionage since Sunday.
September 8, 2006 The Expressen reporter Niklas Svensson is given charges of crime.
November 24, 2006 Stockholm District Court charges Niklas Sörman, Per Jodenius, Niklas Svensson, Johan Jakobsson, Niki Westberg and Nicklas Lagerlöf.
10–11 April 2007 court proceedings begin against Niklas Sörman, Per Jodenius, Niklas Svensson, Johan Jakobsson, Niki Westberg, and Nicklas Lagerlöf.
23 April 2007 Lars Leijonborg announces that he will not stand for re-election as chairman of the Liberal Party. Jan Björklund is later chosen to succeed him.
April 27, 2007 Niklas Sörman, Per Jodenius and Niklas Svensson are convicted by the court, while Johan Jakobsson, Niki Westberg, and Nicklas Lagerlöf are acquitted.
References
2006 in Sweden
Political scandals in Sweden
Liberals (Sweden) |
23571246 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoravar%20Church | Zoravar Church | Zoravar Church can refer to:
Zoravor Surp Astvatsatsin Church, late 17th-century three-nave basilica type church located in Yerevan, Armenia
Gharghavank, late 7th-century central-plan aisled tetra-conch (circular) church located just outside Zoravan in the Kotayk Province of Armenia |
6899497 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygodontomys%20brevicauda | Zygodontomys brevicauda | Zygodontomys brevicauda, also known as the short-tailed zygodont, short-tailed cane mouse, or common cane mouse, is a species of rodent in the genus Zygodontomys of tribe Oryzomyini.
Distribution
It occurs from Costa Rica via Panama, Colombia and Venezuela into Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana and northern Brazil, including Trinidad and Tobago in the Caribbean.
subspecies
It includes three subspecies:
Zygodontomys brevicauda brevicauda
Zygodontomys brevicauda cherriei
Zygodontomys brevicauda microtinus.
Diseases
Many Zygodontomys brevicauda serve as viral reservoirs, causing illnesses such as Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever.
References
Literature cited
Duff, A. and Lawson, A. 2004. Mammals of the World: A checklist. Yale University Press, 312 pp.
Musser, G.G. and Carleton, M.D. 2005. Superfamily Muroidea. Pp. 894–1531 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference. 3rd ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols., 2142 pp.
Zygodontomys
Mammals of Colombia
Rodents of Central America
Mammals of Trinidad and Tobago
Mammals of the Caribbean
Mammals described in 1893
Taxa named by Joel Asaph Allen
Taxa named by Frank Chapman (ornithologist) |
6899498 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Webber | Mark Webber | Mark Webber may refer to:
Mark Webber (racing driver) (born 1976), Australian racing driver
Mark Webber (actor) (born 1980), American actor
Mark Webber (guitarist) (born 1970), English guitarist with the band Pulp
See also
Marc Weber (disambiguation) |
23571264 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haydar%20Zorlu | Haydar Zorlu | Haydar Zorlu (born 4 May 1967 in Karlıova) is a Kurdish-German actor.
Filmography
Films
1988 Eine türkische Hochzeit
1996 Der Trainer
2001 Nothing Less Than the Best
2003 September
2003 Worst Case
2008 Halbzeit
2008 Belanglos
TV
1991-92 Türkei - Land, Leute und Sprache
1993 Sterne des Südens
1993 Tatort
1994 Die Sendung mit der Maus
1997 Ein todsicheres Ding
1998 Tatort
1998 Reise in die Nacht
1998-2008 Die Anrheiner
1999 Ein starkes Team
2003 Die Kumpel
2002 Westentaschenvenus
2003
2003 SOKO 5113
2004 Forsthaus Falkenau
2004-2005 Verschollen
2005 Küstenwache
2006 Esir Kalpler
2006 Ein Fall für zwei
2006 Verschleppt - Kein Weg zurück, Regie: Hansjörg Thurn
2006-2008 Oben Ohne
2009 Oben Ohne - Weihnachts Special "DU HEILIGE NACHT"
Theatre
1989 Moritz Jäger in "Die Weber" - Stadttheater Oberhausen
1989 -1991 Ensemblemitglied des Arkadas Theater`s Köln
1995 Agathe, Schlucki, Dieter, Leichi, Kontrolleur u.a. in "Linie 1" - Theater in der Christallerie Wadgassen
1996 Haroon in "Borderline" - Wupper Theater
1996 Naim in "Vermummte" - Wupper Theater / Freies Werkstatt-Theater Köln
2005 Entertainer, Thorndyke, Bürgermeister u.a. in "Die Marx Brothers Radio Show" - Arkadas Theater Köln
2009 Faust, Mephisto, Gretchen u.a. in "Goethes Faust" als Schauspielsolo - Bühne der Kulturen Köln
References
External links
Official Website
1967 births
Living people
People from Karlıova
German people of Turkish descent
German male film actors
German male stage actors
German male television actors
Turkish male film actors
Turkish male stage actors
Turkish male television actors |
23571268 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion%20Act%201592 | Religion Act 1592 | The Religion Act 1592 (35 Eliz. I, c. 1) was an Act of the Parliament of England. The Act imprisoned without bail those over the age of sixteen who failed to attend Church; persuaded others to do the same; denied Queen Elizabeth's authority in religious matters; and who attended unlawful religious meetings. The Act was cognisable in the Court of High Commission. If, after offending, they did not conform in the next three months, they would be exiled from England forever. The Act fined those who harboured recusants £10 for every month hidden. The Act stated that it would continue no longer than the end of the next session of Parliament. However, the Act was still in effect in 1661, when John Bunyan was tried and convicted for disobedience to it.
Towards the end of 1680, during the Exclusion Crisis, Parliament passed a Bill for repealing the Act. However, on the day of the proroguing of Parliament (10 January 1681), when the Bill ought to have been presented to Charles II to sign, he instructed the Clerk of the Crown to withdraw the Bill.
As late as 1683 the act was being used against a Quaker meeting in 'Gratious' Street (Gracechurch Street), London.
Notes
Acts of the Parliament of England concerning religion
1592 in law
1592 in England
1592 in Christianity |
6899499 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalinkovo | Kalinkovo | Kalinkovo () is a village and municipality in western Slovakia in Senec District in the Bratislava Region.
History
The village was first mentioned in 1258 as Dénešdi village and later in 1288 as Šemet. In 1948 the name was changed to Kalinkovo that carries today.
Geography
The municipality lies at an altitude of 131 meters and covers an area of 12.912 km². It has a population of 1193 people.
Facilities
The village has a public library, post office, gas distribution network and a football pitch. In the centre of the village is one big church (in comparison with other neighbour villages) called Kostol sv. Františka z Assisi.In this village you can also find a small graveyard with 3 meters tall jesus on the cross statue.
Genealogical resources
The records for genealogical research are available at the state archive "Statny Archiv in Bratislava, Slovakia"
Roman Catholic church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1672-1896 (parish B)
Lutheran church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1706-1895 (parish B)
See also
List of municipalities and towns in Slovakia
External links/Sources
Official page
https://web.archive.org/web/20070513023228/http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html
Surnames of living people in Kalinkovo
Villages and municipalities in Senec District |
6899501 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Langlois%20%28economist%29 | Pierre Langlois (economist) | Pierre Langlois is a Canadian economist and political strategist.
Born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, he graduated from the Université de Montréal with a B.A. (1998) and a M.A (1999) in economics. His master's thesis was on growth theory with empirical evidences from U.S. metropolitan areas.
Economic advisor
While working at the Ottawa-based Conference Board of Canada as an associate economist, Langlois was recruited by newly appointed Parti Québécois finance minister, Pauline Marois. Langlois, at 26 years, became a senior top advisor. He was highly involved in the budget preparation and other legislative operations and was a key line writer for the daily question period.
In 2003, Langlois was appointed by the office of the Premier of Quebec as an economic advisor for the upcoming provincial election. Pierre Langlois is seen in the movie À Hauteur d'homme, which is a documentary of the 2003 PQ campaign.
Between 2003 and 2005, Langlois served as a political content advisor to leadership candidate Pauline Marois.
Parti Québécois and Bloc Québécois involvement
In 2005, Langlois was approached to replace Marcel Lussier, who was fighting cancer, as the Bloc Québécois candidate in the Brossard—La Prairie riding. He refused, alleging his already packed political agenda.
During the 2006 federal election, Bloc Québécois officials asked Langlois to manage Lussier’s campaign against incumbent Liberal minister Jacques Saada. Langlois delivered a surprise victory for the Bloc in this traditionally Liberal riding.
In June 2006, Langlois declined to run for the PQ in the provincial riding of La Prairie, alleging family reasons.
On April 13, 2012, Pierre Langlois along with Pauline Marois, declared his candidacy for the open seat of La Prairie in the upcoming provincial election for the Parti Québécois. Pauline Marois, leader of the Parti Québécois, presented Langlois as a key member of her economic team.
On September 4, 2012, Pierre Langlois lost by 81 votes against Stephane Le Bouyonnec of the Coalition Avenir Quebec (CAQ) in a close contest. A recount officialized Le Bouyonnec's victory by 75 votes on September 14, 2012.
On April 7, 2014, Pierre Langlois ran for the PQ provincial party a second time and came in third in voting results. Having a total of 8,591 valid votes (26.25% of valid ballots). Losing to Stephane Le Bouyonnec of the Coalition Avenir Quebec (CAQ) and Richard Merlini of the Quebec Liberal Party (PLQ)
Pierre Langlois is currently working as an economist in the private sector.
References
La Presse: Deux économistes sur la Rive-Sud pour le PQ April 13, 2012
La Presse: Des mouvements de troupes sur la Rive-Sud February 22, 2012
Argent: Immobilier et les villes minières August 15, 2011
Argent: Le boom minier entraîne une flambée immobilière August 15, 2011
Argent: Le condo la locomotive de l'immobilier à Montréal August 10, 2011
Le Quotidien: Les pénalités hypothécaires heurtent les consommateurs January 26, 2011
24H: Pénalités hypothécaires : Flaherty prié d'intervenir February 8, 2011
First-time buyers will feel pinch January 21, 2011
The Gazette: Mortgage rules will scale down purchases Quebec experts January 18, 2011
ARGENT: Ottawa va sattaquer aux ventes de condos January 14, 2011
La Presse: Ottawa chambarde la loi pour contrer le blanchiment June 11, 2008
Le Reflet: Une majorité de députés en faveur de la 30 au nord November 3, 2007
Le Reflet: Pierre Langlois ne sera pas candidat June 17, 2006
Le Devoir: Le Québec emprunte aux Mexicains February 3, 2006
Le Reflet: Le Bloc intensifie sa présence dans Brossard - La Prairie December 24, 2005
La Presse: Un vote comme dans une téléréalité June 19, 2005
Le Devoir: Marois cachait une autre surprise à Landry Septembre 2, 2004
Political consultants from Quebec
Boston College alumni
Canadian economists
People from Montreal
Université de Montréal alumni
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) |
23571292 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shek%20Yam%20Estate | Shek Yam Estate | Shek Yam Estate () is a public housing estate in North Kwai Chung, New Territories, Hong Kong. It was the first Government Low Cost Housing Scheme estate in Kwai Chung. It had 8 blocks built in 1968, which were all demolished in the 1990s and 2000s.
Ning Fung Court () is a Home Ownership Scheme court in North Kwai Chung, near Shek Yam Estate and Shek Yam East Estate. It has 4 blocks built in 2001.
Background
The estate was redeveloped into 4 phases. Phase 2 consists of three rental residential blocks, a car park podium and a shopping centre which were completed in 2000. Phase 3 consists of four HOS concord-typed blocks, Ning Fung Court. Phase 1 and Phase 4 were handed over to Leisure and Cultural Services Department to construct a park, Sham Yam Lei Muk Road Park. Phase 5 was the old site of Shek Yam Community Hall and a HOS building, but it was renamed Lai Shek House and changed to rental use.
Houses
Shek Yam Estate
Ning Fung Court
Demographics
According to the 2016 by-census, Shek Yam Estate had a population of 8,657 while Ning Fung Court had a population of 3,816. Altogether the population amounts to 12,473.
Politics
Shek Yam Estate and Ning Fung Court are located in Shek Yam constituency of the Kwai Tsing District Council. It was formerly represented by Andrew Wan Siu-kin, who was elected in the 2019 elections until May 2021.
See also
Public housing estates in Kwai Chung
References
Kwai Chung
Public housing estates in Hong Kong
Residential buildings completed in 1968
Residential buildings completed in 2000
Residential buildings completed in 2006 |
23571302 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketu%20railway%20station | Ketu railway station | Ketu railway station is a railway station on the Qingzang railway. It serves Ketu and is located 122 km from Xining railway station.
See also
List of stations on Qingzang railway
Railway stations in Qinghai
Stations on the Qinghai–Tibet Railway |
6899502 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contemporary%20Political%20Theory | Contemporary Political Theory | Contemporary Political Theory is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering political theory and philosophy published by Palgrave Macmillan. The editors-in-chief are Terrell Carver (University of Bristol) and Samuel A. Chambers (Johns Hopkins University).
External links
Political science journals
Publications established in 2002
English-language journals
Quarterly journals
Palgrave Macmillan academic journals |
6899503 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLIME | SLIME | SLIME, the Superior Lisp Interaction Mode for Emacs, is an Emacs mode for developing Common Lisp applications. SLIME originates in an Emacs mode called SLIM written by Eric Marsden. It is developed as an open-source public domain software project by Luke Gorrie and Helmut Eller. Over 100 Lisp developers have contributed code to SLIME since the project was started in 2003. SLIME uses a backend called Swank that is loaded into Common Lisp.
SLIME works with the following Common Lisp implementations:
CMU Common Lisp (CMUCL)
Scieneer Common Lisp
Steel Bank Common Lisp (SBCL)
Clozure CL (former OpenMCL)
LispWorks
Allegro Common Lisp
CLISP
Embeddable Common Lisp (ECL)
Armed Bear Common Lisp (ABCL)
Some implementations of other programming languages are using SLIME:
Clojure
JavaScript
Kawa, a Scheme implementation
GNU R
Ruby
MIT Scheme
Scheme48
There are also clones of SLIME:
SOLID for OCaml
References
External links
SLIME project page
The birth of SLIME on the cmucl-imp mailing list (August 2003)
SLIME presentation by Tobias Rittweiler (2008)
Review of SLIME by Andy Wingo
Bill Clementson's "Slime Tips and Techniques" - Part 1 (See also Part 2, Part 3, Part 4, Part 5, Part 6, and Part 7)
Bill Clementson's "SLIME Refactoring" describes how to set up SLIME
Bill Clementson's "Emacs Keymaps and the SLIME scratch buffer
Bill Clementson's "CL, Music and SLIME Tutorials" contains a good SLIME tutorial
Marco Baringer's (SLIME guru) SLIME setup
Marco Baringer's "Editing Lisp Code with Emacs"
The slime-devel Archives
Up-to-date Swank for MIT/GNU Scheme for use with SLIME CVS
Common Lisp (programming language) software
Emacs
Free software programmed in Lisp
Free integrated development environments
Scheme (programming language)
Public-domain software with source code |
23571309 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Keayne | Robert Keayne | Robert Keayne (1595 – March 23, 1656) was a prominent public figure in 17th-century Boston, Massachusetts. He co-founded the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts and served as speaker of the House of the Massachusetts General Court. Keayne was a prosperous London merchant who joined his fellow Puritans in Boston where he built a fortune. He was accused of unfair business practices, and brought before the legislature, the Massachusetts General Court. It found Keayne guilty, fined him, and compelled him to confess his "sins." He proclaimed his innocence, and justified his actions in elaborate detail in his will. It bequeathed £2500 to Boston, to upgrade the infrastructure with an aqueduct, relieve the city's poor, and fund the First Town-House, a grand public meeting place. He attached a condition to the effect that the bequest would become void if there were any legal actions against his estate; there were none.
Biography
Keayne was born in Windsor, England in 1595. His father, John Keayne, worked as a butcher. While living in London, Keayne held membership in the Honourable Artillery Company and the Merchant Taylor's Company. He also kept notes in his private journal of sermons preached 1627-1628 by John Cotton, John Wilson, Hugh Peters, and John Davenport.
In 1617 Keayne married Anne Mansfield; they had a son, Benjamin Keayne, in 1619.
Keayne and his family arrived in Boston from London in 1635 on the ship Defence. In Boston, he worked as a tailor, and kept a shop on State Street, "living in apartments overhead, as was the custom in those times."
He belonged to the First Church congregation, and kept notes in his private journal of sermons preached by John Wilson, Thomas Cobbet, and John Cotton, who had moved to Boston in 1633.
In 1637, he was found guilty and fined 200 pounds by a Puritan court for overcharging customers. By today's capitalistic standards he would have been judged shrewd and successful. At the time, he penitently bewailed "his covetous and corrupt heart," but justified himself at length in his will.
In 1638, he helped to establish the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts, serving as first captain.
He served as town Selectman for several years; and as a representative to the Massachusetts General Court, being appointed House Speaker in 1646.
Keayne left a 37-page will, covering a range of topics, which notably left several hundred pounds to establish the First Town-House, a building to "be used by the town and county government and be shared by the military company, with convenience for a market and conduit near by." Remarking on the need for a covered market, he wrote:
I having long thought and considered the want of some necessary things of public concernment which may not be only comodious, but very profitable and useful for the Town of Boston, as a market place ... useful for the country people that come with their provisions for the supply of the towne, that they may have a place to sett dry in and warme, both in cold raine and durty weather, and may have a place to leave their corne or any other things safe that they cannot sell, till they come again, which would be both an encouragement to come in and a great means to increase trading in the Towne also.
Keayne died in 1656 and is buried in the King's Chapel Burying Ground where a plaque has been affixed to his brick burial vault. Another memorial plaque, placed in 1925, honors Keayne in downtown Boston, on the corner of State and Washington Streets. Each year on the first Monday in June the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company leads a procession to the gravesite, laying a wreath in Keayne's memory.
References
Further reading
Bailyn, Bernard. "The Apologia of Robert Keayne." William and Mary Quarterly (1950): 568-587. in JSTOR
Dalzell, Jr. Robert F. The Good Rich and What They Cost Us (Yale University Press, 2013)
External links
People from colonial Boston
Speakers of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
American philanthropists
1595 births
1656 deaths
17th century in Boston
Burials in Boston
People from Windsor, Berkshire
Kingdom of England emigrants to Massachusetts Bay Colony
17th-century philanthropists |
23571311 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qinghai%20Lake%20railway%20station | Qinghai Lake railway station | Qinghai Lake railway station is a railway station on the Qingzang railway. It serves Qinghai Lake and is located 133 km from Xining railway station.
See also
List of stations on Qingzang railway
Railway stations in Qinghai
Stations on the Qinghai–Tibet Railway |
6899510 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitry%20Chernov | Dmitry Chernov | Dmitry Konstantinovich Chernov (or Tchernov, ; Saint-Petersburg - January 2, 1921 Yalta) was a Russian metallurgist. He is known by his discovery of polymorphous transformations in steel and the iron-carbon phase diagram. This discovery is the beginning of scientific metallography.
Biography
Chernov was born to a family of a feldsher (registered nurse). In 1858 he graduated from the Petersburg Practical Technological Institute and worked for the Saint Petersburg Mint. In 1859-1865 he was a lecturer and the museum keeper of the Petersburg Practical Technological Institute. From 1866 he was an engineer of the Obukhovsky Steel Foundry in Saint Petersburg. In 1880–1884 he explored the salt deposit near Bakhmach (currently Ukraine). From 1884 he was with the Government Naval Committee (морской комитет). From 1886 he was the Chief Inspector of the Rail Road Department. From 1889 he was a Professor of the Mikhailovskaya Artillery Academy in Saint Petersburg.
Works
Chernov obtained his major result in 1866-1868 after studying the rejects of heavy guns production as well as during analysis of practical works by Pavel Anosov, P. Obukhov, Alexander Lavrov, Nikolay Kalkutsky. At that time he was the curator of the small museum of the Petersburg Technological Institute. He found that steel is not the same material at all temperatures but instead has polymorphic transformations at different temperatures. He introduced different points known as Chernov's points:
Point a at around 700 °C is the minimum temperature the steel should be heated to so it can be quenched. By the modern theory it is the temperature of austenite eutectoid transformation (see the picture on the right).
Point b at around 900 °C is the temperature the steel should be heated to so to correct its crystalline structure. By the modern theory it is the maximal temperature when the ferrite is stable.
Point c corresponds to the melting point of steel
Point d at around 200 °C is the temperature needed to cool the steel to quench it. In modern theory it is known as the martensite transformation.
Chernov was able to correctly identify the reason for these points as polymorphic transformations in the steel and even draw the first sketch of what the phase diagram for the carbon-iron system may look like. Chernov published his results in the Notes of the Russian Technical Society of 1868. His article was named "Критический обзор статей гг. Лаврова и Калакуцкого о стали и стальных орудиях и собственные Д. К. Чернова исследования по этому же предмету" (Critical review of articles by Mr. Lavrov and Mr Kalkutzky about the steel and steel guns as well as own D.K. Chernov's research on this subject). Many authors consider the publication of this article as the date of transformation of metallurgy from an art into a science.
Ten years later in 1879 Chernov published a monograph named Research into the structure of the steel slabs where he described the major crystalline structures in steel and their effect on the properties of the slab. One type of steel crystal (dendrite) was named after Chernov.
Chernov contributed to the theory of the Siemens-Martin process. He was one of the first to suggest usage of pure oxygen in steel-making. He also did research into the usage of direct reduced iron as well as contributed to the development of steel gun barrels, armor-piercing shells and emerging aviation.
He was one of the recognized leaders of steel manufacturing at the time. He was Chairman of the Russian Metallurgical Society, vice-president of the British Institute for Iron and Steel, an honorary member of the American Society of Mining Engineers, etc.
References
1839 births
1921 deaths
Russian metallurgists
Russian inventors
Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology alumni
People from Saint Petersburg
Fellows of the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers |
23571315 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Intimate%20Adventures%20of%20a%20London%20Call%20Girl | The Intimate Adventures of a London Call Girl | The Intimate Adventures of a London Call Girl are memoirs of a former London call girl written by Dr. Brooke Magnanti, under the pseudonym Belle de Jour.
From the summer of 2003 to the autumn of 2004 Belle charted her day-to-day adventures on and off the field in a web diary. The blogs were then published into the book, in which Belle elaborates on the diary entries and tells of how she became a Call Girl.
Synopsis
The Intimate Adventures of a London Call Girl begins with Belle de Jour introducing herself as a "whore", then further explaining that she does not mean it metaphorically, and that she literally is a "whore".
After the prologue the book begins in a diary format, with Belle explaining the clients she meets and her personal complications that become entwined with her job as a call girl. The average diary entries last little longer than a page and are always titled with the date, which is written in French, for example, the first diary entry reads "Samedi, le 1 Novembre", which translates into Saturday, 1 November. Each chapter is broken apart by the month the diary entries were written in, for example "Novembre" (November).
People featured in the book
Belle: The writer of The Intimate Adventures of a London Call Girl. The book focuses primarily on Belle's life.
N: An ex-boyfriend of Belle's and her good friend.
The manager: Belle's madam, an intelligent woman, fluent in German and Arabic.
The Boy: Belle's boyfriend, who is aware of her job as a call girl.
Adaptation
An adaption was created for ITV2 in 2007 called Secret Diary of a Call Girl. The show stars Billie Piper as Belle but also shows her private life and her personal struggles; in the adaptation her real name is Hannah Baxter. The show has since been aired in America by Showtime.
Differences
Some of the characters in Secret Diary of a Call Girl have different personalities from their literary counterparts. N is described as "the hub of all gossip", whereas Ben in Secret Diary of a Call Girl does not seem to share this trait. The manager is described as rather nice, and Belle appears to have a pleasant enough relationship with her, however Stephanie, Belle's madam in Secret Diary, is a cynical woman who often argues with Belle. The Boy appears to have no television equivalent. The closest character to The Boy would be Alex; however the links between the two are somewhat tenuous. The character of Hannah Baxter, who also goes under the pseudonym Belle, remains very close to the original descriptions of Belle de Jour in the books.
References
External links
Orion Publishing
English non-fiction books
2005 non-fiction books
Non-fiction books about British prostitution
Prostitution in the United Kingdom |
6899515 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold%20MacDowell | Harold MacDowell | Harold MacDowell is a construction company executive.
Born in Muskogee, Oklahoma, MacDowell graduated from high school in Fort Smith, Arkansas, and received his bachelor's degree in engineering management from Southern Methodist University (SMU) in 1984. He entered the construction industry as an estimator through SMU's School of Engineering Cooperative Education Program and later became a project manager for Wallace Mechanical Corporation. MacDowell is now the CEO of TDIndustries, which was ranked 35 in FORTUNE 's 100 Best Companies to Work For 2008.
Community involvement
MacDowell currently serves as a member of the Dallas Citizen's Council, the board of the Greater Dallas Chamber, the board of trustees for the Parish Episcopal School, and the QUOIN-AGC Board. He is a past chairman of the board for the Construction Education Foundation that provides educational opportunities to construction craftspeople who want to be masters of their trades. MacDowell also is a member of the SMU School of Engineering executive advisory board. He is involved in Habitat for Humanity.
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American technology chief executives
Southern Methodist University alumni |
23571318 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuole%20railway%20station | Tuole railway station | Tuole Railway Station is a railway station on the Qingzang railway in the People's Republic of China. It serves Tulai and is located 147 km from Xining Railway Station.
See also
List of stations on Qingzang railway
Railway stations in Qinghai
Stations on the Qinghai–Tibet Railway |
23571325 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Bloudy%20Tenent%20of%20Persecution%20for%20Cause%20of%20Conscience | The Bloudy Tenent of Persecution for Cause of Conscience | The Bloudy Tenent of Persecution, for Cause of Conscience, Discussed in a Conference between Truth and Peace is a 1644 book about government force written by Roger Williams, the founder of Providence Plantations in New England and the co-founder of the First Baptist Church in America. Tenent is an obsolete spelling of tenet, and the book argues for a "wall of separation" between church and state and for state toleration of various Christian denominations, including Catholicism, and also "paganish, Jewish, Turkish or anti-Christian consciences and worships." The book takes the form of a dialogue between Truth and Peace and is a response to correspondence by Boston minister John Cotton regarding Cotton's support for state enforcement of religious uniformity in Massachusetts Bay Colony. Williams argues that Christianity requires the existence of a separate civil authority which may not generally infringe upon liberty of conscience, which Williams interpreted to be a God-given right.
Impact
The 1644 text is considered one of Williams' best-developed arguments, even though it was written under presumably rushed conditions and is stylistically difficult. Many of the original copies of The Bloudy Tenent were burned by order of a Parliamentary faction offended by his view of government. John Cotton responded to the book by defending his positions in The Bloudy Tenent, Washed, and Made White in the Bloud of the Lamb. Upon his return to London in 1652, Williams published a defense of his positions and responded to Cotton in The Bloudy Tenent Yet More Bloudy by Mr. Cotton's Endeavour to Wash it White in the Blood of the Lamb; of Whose Precious Blood, Spilt in the Bloud of his Servants; and of the Blood of Millions Spilt in Former and Later Wars for Conscience Sake, That Most Bloody Tenent of Persecution for Cause of Conscience, upon, a Second Tryal Is Found More Apparently and More Notoriously Guilty, etc. (London, 1652). The Bloudy Tenent has been cited as a philosophical source for John Locke, the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, and several writings of Thomas Jefferson regarding religious freedom.
Biblical support for preventing governmental interference in religious matters
In the Bloudy Tenent and other writings, Williams interpreted many passages in the Old and New Testaments as limiting governmental interference in any religious matters, and therefore opposing the traditional Puritan exegesis which supported using state force in some religious matters:
Williams believed that historic Israel was a unique covenant kingdom and the kings should be interpreted using typology. Therefore, the covenant kings were not appropriate government models for New Testament Christians, who believed that the Old Testament covenant had been fulfilled through Christ, as the ultimate king. Accordingly, Williams asserted that the more informative Old Testament examples of civil government were good non-covenant kings such as Artaxerxes, a pagan who gave the Hebrews freedom to worship in but did not compel any kind of worship. For examples of bad kings, Williams mentioned Nebuchadnezzar in the Book of Daniel who oppressively forced the Jews (including Daniel, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego) to worship the state god or face death. Williams also used the example of Naboth's unjust execution in as an example of a bad civil government abusing its religious power.
Williams interpreted the Parable of the Tares in the to support toleration of all of the "weeds", because civil persecution often inadvertently hurts the "wheat" (believers) too. He specifically defined the "weeds" as heretics who were clearly not Christians, such as Paul before his conversion, and not simply people with minor theological differences, as the Puritans asserted. Ultimately, he argued, it is God's duty to judge, not man's.
Williams cited the legitimate role of government in as applying only to enforcement of the second table of the Ten Commandments—that is, the last five commandments involving hurting other people. He further cited Paul's letters in , , and to explain how to use "spiritual weapons" rather than physical ones in dealing with unbelievers.
Williams interpreted to support the use of spiritual weapons rather than civil weapons, and pointed out that Christ's letters in these chapters were written to and applied to churches, not to civil governments. Williams interpreted 's Beast of Revelation prophecy as representing all state churches that used governmental force to coerce political goals in the name of Christianity, including those in Europe and Massachusetts.
See also
Roger Williams
A Key into the Language of America
Christian debate on persecution and toleration
References
External links
The Bloody Tenent of Persecution (1867 reprint) (accessed July 10, 2009, on Google Books)
Text of book
Roger Williams, Richard Groves, [https://books.google.com/books?id=YC-Oy0hswEkC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s The bloudy tenent of persecution for cause of conscience: discussed in a conference between truth and peace : who, in all tender affection, present to the High Court of Parliament, (as the result of their discourse) these, (among other passages) of highest consideration] (Mercer University Press, 2001)0865547661, 9780865547667 (accessible on Google Books, July 28, 2009)
1644 books
17th-century Christian texts
History books about the United States
History of religion in the United States
Rhode Island culture
Separation of church and state in the United States |
6899522 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivanka%20pri%20Dunaji | Ivanka pri Dunaji | Ivanka pri Dunaji () is a village and municipality in western Slovakia in Senec District in the Bratislava Region.
History
In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1209.
In the centre of the village is a large rococo style house, built in the third quarter of the 18th century. It was altered at the beginning of the 20th century, by order of the Hunyadi family. The building has a combination of romanesque and gothic elements on its facade, including oriels, balconies, windows, and a polygonal tower with an Art Nouveau style top. The house was originally surrounded by an extensive French-style park.
Geography
The municipality lies at an altitude of 135 metres and covers an area of 14.258 km². It has a population of 6,815 people.
Church of Saint John the Baptist
Church of Saint John the Baptist—current church in Ivanka pri Dunaji—is the third church in Ivanka. The first one was built by the followers of Saints Cyril and Methodius. It was a simple church from wood. The second one was repaired in 1730. It was built from stone and wood. The building of today's church began in 1770 and the building of the tower lasted two years. The tower clock was bought from Vienna in 1880. In 1991 the roof was fully replaced.
Twin towns — sister cities
Ivanka pri Dunaji is twinned with:
Pozořice, Czech Republic
See also
List of municipalities and towns in Slovakia
References
Genealogical resources
The records for genealogical research are available at the state archive "Státný archiv in Bratislava, Slovakia"
Roman Catholic church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1729-1898 (parish A)
External links/Sources
https://web.archive.org/web/20071027094149/http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html
Surnames of living people in Ivanka pri Dunaji
Villages and municipalities in Senec District |
23571329 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McIlwraith%2C%20McEacharn%20%26%20Co | McIlwraith, McEacharn & Co | McIlwraith, McEacharn & Co was an Australian shipping company.
History
McIlwraith, McEacharn & Co (MMC) was founded in 1875 in London by Scottish sea captains, Andrew McIlwraith and Malcolm McEacharn. In 1876 it began operating ships to take British migrants to the Australia under contract to the Government of Queensland. In 1891, it relocated it headquarters to Melbourne.
MMC built up a coal bunkering businesses, had a shareholding in Mount Morgan Mine and had associations with Burns Philp and Castlemaine Perkins. In 1958, MMC became a shareholder in bulk carrier operator Bulkships in partnership with the Adelaide Steamship Company.
In May 1993, MMC was sold to Cyprus Mining Company.
References
1875 establishments in England
Companies based in Melbourne
Companies formerly listed on the Australian Securities Exchange
Defunct shipping companies of Australia
Transport companies established in 1875 |
6899523 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Mystery%20at%20the%20Moss-Covered%20Mansion | The Mystery at the Moss-Covered Mansion | The Mystery at the Moss-Covered Mansion is the eighteenth volume in the Nancy Drew Mystery Stories series published by Grosset & Dunlap, and was first published in 1941. The original text was written by ghostwriter Mildred Wirt Benson, based upon a plot outline from Stratemeyer Syndicate co-owner Harriet Stratemeyer Adams. The book's title was changed to Mystery of the Moss-Covered Mansion when it was revised in 1971, because the story is completely different and not much of the investigation takes place at the title location. In the original, many plots and much investigation all tie back to the same house deep in the forest, while Nancy helps her father locate an heiress, expose an impostor, investigate a murder, and look into strange screams at the mansion; none of the action in the original story took place in River Heights.
Synopsis - 1941 edition
Nancy's father Carson Drew enlists her help in tracking down a missing heiress, and Nancy, Bess and George stumble upon a mysterious moss-covered mansion. They later hear that someone was murdered near the mansion, and upon investigating they hear strange noises emanating from within. The story includes a great deal of action; aside from the aforementioned missing heiress and murder, there is a needy elderly lady, a reclusive artist, an airplane accident, and a forest fire.
It starts with Nancy and her friends Bess Marvin and George Fayne, who are on a trip to a place called Ashley to meet Carson Drew, Nancy’s father. Nancy and George are waiting for Bess, who has been looking for a place to get more water. It is already late, and the girls are nervous about what has happened to Bess. Nancy and George finally find her near an old mansion covered in moss. Bess claims to have heard a creepy scream from the house. George teases her, but then falls into a lily pond and loses her special watch. The girls then hear the scream that Bess mentioned. Nancy wants to investigate, but a man comes out of the house and orders them away. They hear a shot from the mansion, and Nancy grows more curious. The man comes out again and orders the girls away, and this time they return to Nancy’s car and drive to Ashley, mulling over the strange experience along the way. George suddenly notices that she has lost her watch. It is too late to go back now, but they make plans to return the next day to look for the watch.
Nancy and her friends arrive at Mrs. Lee’s boarding house, where they are to stay while in Ashley. Carson Drew has not yet arrived. Nancy has had a likeness of herself painted by the famous Jules Raynad as a gift for her father’s birthday. Upon unpacking it, she discovers that the painting has been slightly scratched in transit. Mrs. Lee, who has studied art under another famous artist, Karl Karter, offers Nancy her old paints to try and fix the painting, which Nancy does. Nancy gives the painting to her father during a birthday celebration, and he loves it.
The next day, the girls return to the mansion. They hear a scream again, and are ordered away by a servant, who releases a wild dog on them. The dog runs after Nancy, who dodges it, and then goes to warn Bess and George. The three girls quickly climb a tree to escape the dog, who keeps barking at them, giving them no chance to escape. Finally, Carson Drew finds the girls and ties the dog to a tree.
Upon returning to the boarding house, Nancy is surprised to see Jules Raynad, the artist who painted her picture. The artist is mad to learn that his work has been damaged, but impressed by how Nancy fixed it. Mr. Raynad is able to give Nancy some information on the moss covered mansion. He says that the Hurd family used to live there, but all of them died from a strange, incurable illness. The house has been abandoned for years, as everyone is afraid of catching this disease. Nancy is excited over this valuable piece of information.
Later, Nancy and her friends meet Ned Nickerson, who is delivering special papers concerning Carson Drew’s current case. Ned informed Nancy that someone has been shot on the grounds of the moss covered mansion. Nancy, Bess and George further investigate the mansion, but find nothing.
When they return to the boarding house, Bess and George catch poison ivy and are treated. During dinner that night, Mr. Drew talks about his case. It concerns a missing young woman named June Campbell who has inherited $52,000. June would be 22 years old. Nancy and her friends decide to search for the heiress. The next day, Nancy and her friends go to a carnival. They watch an act with a cute but mischievous monkey, who runs away. Nancy and other carnival goers search for the monkey, then Nancy and her friends return to the boarding house. There, they spot a man described as “gypsy-like...who wore large dangling earrings and a bandana on the back of his head” who accuses Nancy of shooting his brother. He tracked Nancy from her license number given to him by a fisherman who saw Nancy, Bess, and George at the crime scene. The man gives his name as Ramo, and demands revenge for his brother’s death. Once Ramo leaves, Nancy is told of a Mrs. Labelle, who served as June Campbell’s nanny while her parents traveled. The next day, Nancy, Bess, and George pay Mrs. Labelle a visit. The old woman is poor, and her house has fallen into disrepair. Nancy and her friends take pity on the woman, and vow to help her. Mrs. Labelle gives Nancy a picture of June, but suddenly the ceiling crashes down on them. Mrs. Labelle dislocates her arm, so Bess and George drive her to Ashley for care while Nancy tries to clean up the mess and salvage pictures of June. As she works, Ramo tries to make trouble for Nancy, but is scared away when Carson Drew comes.
Later, Mrs. Labelle tells Nancy that June had a friend named Penelope Parson. Nancy tracks down Penelope, who tells her that June wrote her several months ago saying that she was to be married to a man named Roland. A few days later, Carson Drew announces that he will return to River Heights, as his secretary has received word from June Campbell. Nancy has engaged for a repairman to fix Mrs. Labelle’s house, and she oversees the work.
Mr. Drew decides to bring June Campbell to Ashley so Mrs. Labelle and Penelope Parson may be reunited with her. While awaiting the arrival of the young heiress, Nancy, Bess, and George return to the moss covered mansion. After Bess is spooked by a snake and a lion’s roar coming from the house, George quickly finds her watch. She and Bess are ready to leave, but Nancy investigates further and finds a police officer’s badge. The girls then leave. On the way to Ashley, they encounter the missing monkey. They bring him back to the boarding house, where he is entrusted to the care of the butler. The girls then go to Mrs. Labelle’s house, where they prepare dinner for the arrival of June Campbell. The girls are excited to meet her, although Mrs. Labelle and Penelope say she has changed. The heiress is ungrateful and cold towards the girls, and Nancy is disappointed and suspicious. That night, Nancy stays up late discussing the matter with Mrs. Lee. She finds that she has accidentally taken Mrs. Labelle’s key, and drives to Mrs. Labelle’s house with Mrs. Lee to return it. Parked outside of the old woman’s home, she sees Ramo climbing a ladder into June Campbell’s bedroom. Running into the house, she finds June’s door locked, so she climbs into it using the ladder. The ladder sways and Nancy falls, but is unhurt. Sending out a police report to be on the lookout for Ramo, Nancy returns home. After talking with her father, they decide that this June Campbell was an impostor. Unfortunately, Carson Drew has already given her the entire inheritance in cash.
The next day, while George and Bess are at the moss covered mansion, George finds a business card near the crime scene. It is for a Madame Cully, a psychic reader in nearby Carbon City. They show it to Nancy, who decides that it must belong to Ramo. Nancy and her friends then go to Carbon City. While in a soda shop, they overhear a woman telling her friend of how accurate Madame Cully’s readings are. Nancy picks up the information that the psychic reader has an attractive daughter. When they reach Madame Cully’s place, they see that she has bought an expensive, custom car. Once the salesman leaves, Ramo appears, and get in the car with Madame Cully and a girl wearing a blue veil, who is Madame Cully’s daughter. The girls watch the suspicious group, then Bess and George run off for the police while Nancy makes sure the car does not leave. Nancy jumps into the car, but is thrown out by Ramo. As the car drives away, a neighbor comes to check on Nancy. He tells her that Madame Cully’s daughter is named Venus. Bess and George come back with a policeman. They drive with him in search of the thieves, but are unsuccessful. Driving back, Nancy, Bess, and George see the carnival again. They tell the man there that they have found his monkey, and he tells them that Madame Cully has been working for their carnival and that her maiden name was Ramo. He also says that Venus’s father, a beloved acrobat, had died doing a stunt. Venus loved her father and inherited his looks and disposition. The man describes her as pretty, with light red hair and dark eyes and the ability to imitate voices. He says that she is about 22 years old, and seems to be hypnotized by her mother.
On the way back, Nancy spots Madame Cully’s new car at a gas station. The attendant says that she traded him the car for another. He gives Nancy the motor number and she returns to the boarding house, where she gives her father this information. Then she, George and Bess return to the moss covered mansion. They meet a couple who asks them for directions to the mansion. Nancy gives them directions and they drive off. The girls also go to the mansion, where they find a pearl-handled revolver. The bearded man grabs the revolver from her, and the girls chase him in vain before returning to the boarding house. There they learn that Mrs. Labelle has suffered a heart attack. They go at once to her house, where Penelope is taking care of her. Nancy, Bess, and George volunteer to take care of Mrs. Labelle and plan to stay at her house overnight. While in the room occupied by Venus Cully, Nancy finds a note written by June Campbell to Madame Cully. From the note, Nancy can tell that Venus was practicing copying June’s handwriting. The note also states that June once lived in a town called Liberty Corners. After Mrs. Labelle has another heart attack, Nancy, Bess and George decide to engage a nurse with the reward they earned for finding the missing monkey. Once they return to the boarding house, Nancy makes plans with her father for them to go on a private plane to Liberty Corners. After boarding the plane, the pilot gets lost in the mist and the plane crashes. Once Nancy regains consciousness, she looks frantically for her dad. The plane catches on fire and starts a forest fire. While trying to help the pilot, who has escaped the wreckage, Nancy is knocked unconscious. She finds herself in a dark chamber, in which she hears strange moans and screams. Making her way out of the place, she looks back and realizes that she was in the moss covered mansion. Nancy rushes to a hospital, where she meets George and Bess, who tell her that her dad is recovering. The girls then return to the boarding house. Nancy wakes up that afternoon and goes to visit her father.
The next day, Nancy goes with George and Bess to Liberty Corners. On the train there, she meets Jules Raynad. Mr. Raynad tells them about Karl Karter, the artist. Karter loves to paint wild animals, and met Burton Campbell, June’s father, who guided him through Africa while he painted. Mr. Raynad says that he knew June, and gives Nancy her address. They are all disappointed to find June’s home deserted. When the girls visit Mrs. Labelle, the woman tells them that Ramo has no brother. After deciding that Ramo’s story was a lie, the three girls then return to the moss covered mansion, where Nancy sees Ramo digging for something. It starts to rain, so the girls return to the boarding house. Then they go back to the moss covered mansion, where they see Ramo digging again. Nancy disconnects wires in Ramo’s car, and then the girls go for the police and bring them back to the mansion, where they catch Ramo. They find money in the container he dug up. Ramo confesses to his part in the scheme, and is arrested while the police send out a warning for Madame Cully. Nancy and her friends return to the boarding house, where they meet Jules Raynad. He tells them that a Miss Campbell, probably June, is posing for Karl Karter, but does not know where the artist lives. Once Mr. Raynad leaves, Nancy is informed that Ramo broke out of jail. Nancy, Bess, and George drive around Ashley with Mr. Drew. They find a policeman with a cornered suspect, and identify him as Ramo.
The next day, the four go to the police investigation of the moss covered mansion, where Nancy finds a wallet with papers bearing the name Karl Karter. The bearded man comes out of the house and Nancy uses the wallet to make him admit his identity. The bearded man was Karl Karter, who had hidden in the mansion to avoid callers and curious townspeople so he could paint in peace. The artist takes them inside the mansion, where they find out that the screams and other noises were from the wild animals Karter uses as models for his paintings. They find the real June Campbell, Karter’s model, fighting off a leopard. The leopard lunges at Nancy, but June saves her. Carson Drew and two policemen come into the house and are introduced to June. Ramo discloses where more money can be found, and Nancy finds more in a secret hiding place. They find more in the woods, however most of it is still with Madame Cully. Karl Karter admits that one of his servants reached Nancy from the plane wreckage. He also says that the pearl-handled revolver is June Campbell’s, for protecting herself against the wild animals. Nancy finds out that the couple asking her for directions to the moss covered mansion was June Campbell and her husband. The next day, June is reunited with Penelope and Mrs. Labelle. June decides to give Mrs. Labelle part of her inheritance to use for care and to repair her house. They decide to take some pictures at the moss covered mansion. They see Madame Cully there, and report her to the police. The woman is arrested and the rest of June’s inheritance is found. Thank to Nancy, Venus Cully joins the carnival for a nice salary. June Campbell’s inheritance is restored to her in full.
1971 revision
Now retitled Mystery of the Moss-Covered Mansion, a friend of Nancy's father has been arrested and charged with sending a truck loaded with explosive oranges into the Space Center complex at Cape Kennedy. Knowing that he could not possibly be guilty of sabotage, Nancy and her father rush to the defense of the accused man. During the Drews' investigation, Nancy becomes suspicious of an old, spooky mansion. Behind a high mesh enclosure, wild African animals roam about the extensive grounds. Nancy discovers that something besides the training of wild animals is going on at the mysterious moss-covered mansion estate.
Adult critics among collectors' groups frequently comment on strange elements of the revised story, such as the explosive oranges, and a spy-thriller climax with Ned and Nancy trapped in the house, nearly dying by falling in a pool of boiling water before rescue.
Artwork
The original dust jacket was painted by Russell H. Tandy, and depicts Nancy, Bess, and George digging for buried money on the grounds of the title location. Tandy also illustrated a frontispiece; this volume is the first in the series to have only one illustration on plain paper; previously, glossy, highly detailed art was used. The cover, but not the interior illustration, was updated to the same scene, set in the 1960s, with Nancy, Bess and George, by Rudy Nappi. Nappi also illustrated the new volume's location with Nancy in the foreground stalked by a panther. An uncredited artist provided five internal line drawings and a frontispiece for the revised text.
Nancy Drew books
1941 American novels
1941 children's books
1971 American novels
1971 children's books
Grosset & Dunlap books
Children's mystery novels |
23571330 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganzihe%20railway%20station | Ganzihe railway station | Ganzihe railway station is a railway station on the Qinghai–Tibet Railway. It serves Ganzihe and is located 162 km from Xining railway station.
See also
List of stations on Qinghai–Tibet railway
Railway stations in Qinghai
Stations on the Qinghai–Tibet Railway |
17327583 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demet%20Akal%C4%B1n | Demet Akalın | Demet Akalın (born 23 April 1972) is a Turkish singer and former model. Due to the popular songs she has released since the middle of the 2000s, she has become one of the most recognizable names of Turkish pop music.
Akalın, who was born in Gölcük, Kocaeli, initially decided to pursue a career in modeling and started working as a model for Neşe Erberk's agency. She also acted in a number of motion picture films and television series in the 1990s. Simultaneously with modeling, she started singing in the casinos, and released her first studio album, Sebebim in 1996 which was not successful. With the release of the album Banane in 2004, she became well-known in Turkey. The album's lead single, "Aşkın Açamadığı Kapı", earned Akalın a Turkey Music Award for the Song of the Year. Kusursuz 19 (2006) received a gold certification from Mü-Yap and with the success of Dans Et (2008), she became one of the influential figures of Turkish pop music. Her album Pırlanta was the best-selling album in Turkey in 2015. Many of her songs, including "Afedersin", "Mucize", "Toz Pembe" and "Hayalet", have been number-one hits in Turkey. Other songs such as "Tecrübe", "Çanta", "Olacak Olacak", "Sabıka", "İlahi Adalet" and "Ders Olsun" have ranked among the top 5 on Turkey's music charts.
Akalın, who is considered by music critics to have created her own style, has frequently appeared on the cover of magazines and has been the subject of numerous tabloid reports. From 2007 to 2018, she was in an on and off feud with Hande Yener, and their arguments were covered in the tabloids from time to time. After her marriages to Oğuz Kayhan in 2006 and Önder Bekensir in 2010 ended in divorce, she married Okan Kurt in 2012 and the couple's first child Hira was born in 2014. The couple divorced in 2018. To this day, she has won two Golden Butterfly Awards and four Kral Turkey Music Awards, and has received numerous other awards and nominations.
Life and career
1972–96: Early life and career beginnings
Demet Akalın was born on 23 April 1972 to Ali and Şenay Akalın in Gölcük, Kocaeli. Her paternal family has Laz ancestry, while her maternal grandmother, Iffet Hanim (1912-2011), was of Tatar descent and her maternal grandfather was of Bosniak descent. She attended primary and secondary schools in Gölcük and eventually got enrolled in Gölcük Barbaros Hayrettin Lisesi. With the help of her mother, she took modeling courses with Yaşar Alptekin. She subsequently joined Neşe Erberk's modeling agency. Meanwhile, she acted in a number of movies and TV series including Günlerden Pazar (1992), Tele Anahtar (1994) and Sensiz Olmaz (1994). She also appeared in a TV movie titled Hayatın Anlamı alongside Ece Sükan.
1996–2005: Sebebim, Unuttum and Banane
While continuing her modeling career, Akalın started to sing at casinos as well. In September 1996, her first studio album Sebebim (My Reason) was released by Elenor Plak. The songs were a mix of pop and Arabesque. Naim Dilmener wrote in his review for Hürriyet that Akalın was still inexperienced and her shaky vocals made the album poorly received. The album's lead single, titled "Sebebim", was written by Seda Akay and Niran Ünsal, for which a music video was released. Two other music videos were made for the songs "Asla Affedilmez" and "Sakın Vazgeçme". In 1998 Akalın got a role as Deniz in one episode of Kanal D's TV series Sibel.
In June 2000 her first EP Yalan Sevdan was released by Şahin Özer Müzik. A music video was made for the EP's song "Senin Anan Güzel mi?", which became Akalın's first hit in Turkey and Sırma Karasu of Habertürk later praised the song as one of the earliest examples of modern Turkish pop music. Akalın's second studio album Unuttum (I've Forgotten) was produced by Peker Müzik and released in June 2003. All of the new songs in the album were written by Ersay Üner and three music videos were made for the album's lead single, "Unuttum", as well as the songs "Gazete" and "Allahından Bul".
In December 2004, her third album Banane (I Don't Care) was released by Seyhan Müzik. The songs on this album were written by Serdar Ortaç and Yıldız Tilbe. The album sold 40,000 copies and eight music videos were made for the songs "Bittim", "Aşkın Açamadığı Kapı", "Banane", "Vuracak", "Bir Anda Sevmiştim", "Tamamdır", "Pembe Dizi" and "Adam Gibi", the second of which was chosen as the Song of the Year at the 12th Turkey Music Awards. Critics drew similarities between "Banane"'s music vido and Madonna's short film "Star" made in 2002 for BMW. Akalın's future husband, Oğuz Kayhan, appeared in the music video for "Pembe Dizi".
2006–09: Kusursuz 19 and Dans Et
Akalın wrote a few songs for her fourth studio album Kusursuz 19 (The Perfect 19) which was produced by Seyhan Müzik and released in June 2006. The album was released with high hopes to make Akalın a solid figure of Turkish pop music as, in Akalın's words, "Hande Yener was a bit distressed because her new tape was very European, and Gülşen was having problems due to her troubled relationship with her producer. As they are dealing with their problems and losing blood, I will take my place in the music market with my new album." The album sold 147,000 copies, got a gold certification from Mü-Yap and its lead single "Afedersin" became a number-one hit on Türkçe Top 20. Separate music videos were also made for the songs "Herkes Hakettiği Gibi Yaşıyor", "Mantık Evliliği" and "Alçak". Akalın received the award for Best Female Artist at the 13th Turkey Music Awards and "Afedersin" was chosen as the Best Song of the Year. In July 2006, she married restaurant owner Oğuz Kayhan and the couple got divorced in November. Akalın later stated that they were divorced because they had fallen in disagreement about having children.
Akalın did not intend to release any new works for a period of time, but at the request of her fans, she eventually released the single "Tatil" in June. Meanwhile, she got into a feud with Hande Yener. Yener had said: "I do western music, so I can not compete with those who make fantasy music. What Demet does is not similar to my style." to which Akalın responded by saying: "If she does not like me, why is she after my works? It is obvious that she takes all the works that I don't like or refuse to do for herself." Yener subsequently took a case to the court asking for 50,000 on the grounds that Akalın had insulted her and attacked her verbally, but the court said that they did not find any insult in Akalın's words. The feud continued when Yener said: "Demet? She's a grocery singer. What she does is 'grocery music'. No doubt. The likes of her are the followers of Serdar Ortaç." Akalın responded by saying: "Oh, she does electronic music? It's more likely that she's been electrocuted." and won 10,000 in the court in a case against Yener. Hürriyet chose the phrase 'grocery music' as one of the core words of 2007 and Sırma Karasu from Habertürk described the grocery music debate as one of the breaking points of Turkish pop music. After this point, the feud between the two continued on numerous occasions.
Akalın's fifth studio album Dans Et (Dance) was produced by Seyhan Müzik and released in March 2008 with Ersay Üner writing and composing most of the songs. By the end of the year it sold 128,000 copies in Turkey and received a gold certification from Mü-Yap. Critics reacted negatively to slow-paced songs but praised the dance songs. The lead single "Mucize" ranked number one on Billboard Türkiyes Türkçe Top 20 for seven weeks. After making a music video for "Mucize", separate music videos were released for the songs "Bebek", "Gururum" and "Dans Et". "Bebek" became the third most-played song on radio in Turkey in 2008. At a concert in Bodrum in May 2008 Akalın said to a group of audience: "Bro, are you all from Diyarbakır? From the mountain side? I didn't understand where you came from. You're just looking like morons. One gives a round of applause or something." These words made her subject to a large number of reactions. She responded by saying: "The words I have said were a joke at my own friends from Diyarbakır who had come to see my performance. If the joke I made with all my sincerity towards my friends has been misunderstood, I apologize to all my fans from Diyarbakır." The criticism continued and seven businessmen from Diyarbakır accused Akalın of "publicly denouncing a section of society based on social class, sex, and regional difference". In 2010, the court decided to postpone the announcement of the judgment and, as a precautionary measure, the singer was ordered to write the words of the İstiklal Marşı on a page and make a five-page comment on the anthem.
In April 2009, Akalın released the single "Toz Pembe", which ranked number one on Türkçe Top 20. While the song was favorably received by some critics, it was considered by some as a replay of the singer's previous works.
2010–14: Zirve, Giderli 16 and Rekor
In January 2010, Akalın married the businessman Önder Bekensir, but just like her first marriage this one also ended after a few months. In July, the couple applied to the court on the grounds of severe disagreement and they divorced over the course of 20 minutes. In April, she released her sixth studio album Zirve (Peak), which sold 83,000 copies and made her the eighth best-selling artist in Turkey in 2010. She later jokingly said that this album was full of "grocery songs to the bottom". Critics noted that the album contained "flat pop music rant" and was mostly commercial. The albums's lead single, "Tecrübe", ranked number two on Turkey's music charts. The first music video for the song was directed by Teoman Topçu, who spent 40,000 for its preparation, but as some drew similarities between the clip and Corenell's music video for "Keep on Jumpin'", Akalın set the video aside and worked with Tamer Aydoğdu on a second video clip for the song. Five other music videos were made for the songs "Evli, Mutlu, Çocuklu", "Çanta", "Bozuyorum Yeminimi", "Umutsuz Vaka" and "Olacak Olacak". Akalın's former husband appeared in the music video for "Evli, Mutlu, Çocuklu" and Tan Taşçı appeared in the music video for "Çanta", which was directed by Akalın herself. "Çanta" and "Olacak Olacak" ranked third and fourth on Turkey's official music charts. On 3 August 2010, Akalın performed for the first time at the Cemil Topuzlu Open-Air Theatre, and Murat Dalkılıç made an appearance on the stage as well.
In May 2011 Akalın began preparations for her new studio album and in summer she released her second EP Aşk, followed by the newly recorded song "Ben de Özledim" together with Ferdi Tayfur. Three months before that she had collaborated with Fettah Can on the song "Yanan Ateşi Söndürdük". Her EP sold 40,000 copies and one of its songs, "Sabıka", ranked among the top five on Turkey's music charts. In July, she performed at the 52nd International Nasrettin Teachers Memorial and Humor Days in Akşehir, Konya, and said to the district governor Ahmet Katırcı: "You covered your ears with your hands for an hour. Are you disturbed, 'uncle'? You're making me lose my concentration." These words resulted in a backlash from the district governor. Katırcı said that he had covered his ears as he was suffering from vertigo and accused Akalın of being disrespectful saying: "A professional artist, who has been on stage for many years, should know that she should not address a person who has come to see her performance as 'uncle'." Next month, Akalın's house in Beykoz was robbed and 100,000 cash and some jewelry were stolen. Akalın later sued the robbers for 600,000, five of whom were sent to prison. In October, she got a role as a supporting actress on TNT's TV series Yıldız Masalı and the next month her duet with Alişan, "Melekler İmza Topluyor", was released.
In March 2012, she played in a commercial for Morhipo together with Hande Yener. As to why they accepted the advertising offer, Akalın said: "They paid us a lot, we could not say no!" In the same month, she was featured on Erdem Kınay's album Proje, performing the songs "Rota" and "Emanet". The next month she married her third husband Okan Kurt. In May, her concert in Nicosia was cut short because of a protest during which plastic bottles were thrown at the stage, and the reason for this action was stated to be due to the comments she had made in Diyarbakır back in 2008. After a while Akalın posted a message on Twitter and said: "Killers of an unborn baby! All my curses be upon those who bothered me." hinting that she had had a miscarriage due to the criticism that she had faced in the press. Her seventh studio album Giderli 16 (Break Up 16) was released in November 2012 and sold 69,000 copies in Turkey, becoming the ninth best-selling album of the year. The critics stated that Akalın had continued to repeat the style of her previous works in this album and that she was making commercial-like music to sell out the album. Ersay Üner was featured on the lead single "Yılan". The song "Türkan", which was written as a tribute to Türkan Şoray, was chosen as the Best Song at the Turkey Music Awards and the 40th Golden Butterfly Awards. After these two songs, new music videos for "Giderli Şarkılar", "Yıkıl Karşımdan" (feat. Gökhan Özen), "Kalbindeki İmza", "Sepet", "Nasip Değilmiş" (duet with Özcan Deniz) and "Felaket" were released.
From March to June 2013, Akalın served as a judge on Popstar 2013 for 13 episodes together with Bülent Ersoy, Orhan Gencebay and Serdar Ortaç. After learning that she was pregnant, she canceled ten concerts in Europe at the end of the year from which she was supposed to earn 410,000. In February 2014, Akalın gave birth to her first child, a daughter named Hira, in Istanbul, and two months later her eighth studio album Rekor (Record) was released by Seyhan Müzik. The album sold 89,000 copies, becoming the number-one best-selling album in Turkey. Akalın recorded different music videos for the songs "İlahi Adalet", "Rekor", "Koltuk", "Nefsi Müdafaa" and "Yeminim Var". Out of these songs, the first one ranked second on Turkey's official music chart, and singer Gökhan Özen was the featuring artist on the fourth one. Music critic Yavuz Hakan Tok wrote that Akalın, who claimed that she did not have any concerns over the success of this album, was in fact trying to maintain her current popularity with the release of Rekor. Tok found this album's potential of becoming a hit low compared to Akalın's previous albums. In October, she was the guest judge at Show TV's Bu Tarz Benim. In the same month, she stopped working with Seyhan Müzik, the production company with which she had worked since 2004.
2015–present: Pırlanta, Rakipsiz and Ateş
In December 2014, Akalın signed a 750,000 contract with DMC to produce a new album. In the early months of 2015 she started working on her ninth studio album; meanwhile she was featured on Emrah Karaduman's song "İntikam" and Sinan Akçıl's song "Vazgeçilmezim". In June, her new album Pırlanta (Diamond) was released, and its lead single "Ders Olsun" ranked second on Turkey's official music chart. The album itself became the best-selling album in Turkey, and sold 105,000 copies, receiving a gold certification from DMC. Following "Ders Olsun", new music videos were released for the songs "Gölge", "Çalkala", "Beş Yıl", "Pırlanta" and "Şerefime Namusuma". In the same year in August, Akalın took part in the first season of TV8's singing competition Rising Star Türkiye as a judge alongside Gülben Ergen, Fuat Güner and Mustafa Sandal.
In February 2016, Akalın was cast in a supporting role together with her husband in Osman Pazarlama. In November, her tenth studio album Rakipsiz (Unrivaled) was released and its lead single, "Hayalet", became a number-one hit on the official music chart for two weeks. On 11 September 2018, Akalın and her husband Okan Kurt divorced due to "irreconcilable differences". Their daughter's custody was given to Akalın. Akalın's house was reportedly being under the threat of confiscation due to the debts of Martaş Logistics, a company run by her husband's family. The couple later reconciled in late November 2018, but are not legally married. By the end of the year, Akalın and fellow singer Hande Yener reconciled after an 11-year feud which made them the subject of many tabloid news.
Akalın's eleventh studio album, Ateş (Fire), was released by DMC on 18 April 2019. The album's first music video, "N'apıyorsan Yap", was released on 19 April 2019, four days prior to the album's release on digital platforms. It was followed by music videos for the songs "Ağlar O Deli", "Esiyor" and "Yekten". In December 2020, Akalın launched her own cosmetic collection under the name DA.
Philanthropy
Demet Akalın donated 50,000 and 10,000 to Mehmetçik Foundation in 2016 and 2017 respectively. In 2019, she donated proceeds from her concert at the Cemil Topuzlu Open-Air Theatre to the same charity. In December 2019, Akalın together with Hande Yener and producer Polat Yağcı had a meeting with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. Prevention of child abuse and violence against women were among the discussed topics during the meeting.
Discography
Sebebim (1996)
Unuttum (2003)
Banane (2004)
Kusursuz 19 (2006)
Dans Et (2008)
Zirve (2010)
Giderli 16 (2012)
Rekor (2014)
Pırlanta (2015)
Rakipsiz (2016)
Ateş (2019)
Filmography
Films
Günlerden Pazar (1992)
Sensiz Olmaz (1994)
Tele Anahtar (1994)
Osman Pazarlama (2016)
TV series
Sibel (1998)
En İyi Arkadaşım (2006)
Television programs
As judge
Popstar 2013 (2013)
Bu Tarz Benim (2014) (guest judge)
Rising Star Türkiye (2015)
As presenter
Daha Ne Olsun (2007) (presented together with Alişan)
Evlilik Hayatı (2010) (presented together with Önder Bekensir)
Demet ve Alişan ile Sabah Sabah (2020–2021) (presented together with Alişan)
Gelinim Mutfakta (2021)
Commercials
References
External links
Demet Akalın on Spotify
Living people
People from Gölcük
Turkish pop singers
Turkish female models
Turkish singer-songwriters
Turkish folk-pop singers
Turkish dance musicians
Turkish people of Tatar descent
Turkish people of Laz descent
Turkish people of Bosniak descent
Golden Butterfly Award winners
1972 births
21st-century Turkish singers
21st-century Turkish women singers |
23571335 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haergai%20railway%20station | Haergai railway station | Haergai railway station is a railway station on the Qinghai–Tibet Railway. It serves Hairag and is located 177 km from Xining railway station.
See also
List of stations on Qinghai–Tibet railway
Railway stations in Qinghai
Stations on the Qinghai–Tibet Railway |
17327598 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamyaw | Bamyaw | Bamyaw is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
17327611 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chechin | Chechin | Chechin is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
6899526 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rovinka | Rovinka | Rovinka (, ) is a village and municipality in western Slovakia in Senec District in the Bratislava Region.
History
In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1274. Until their expulsion in 1945 the village was inhabited by Germans.
Geography
The municipality lies at an altitude of 132 metres and covers an area of 8.853 km².
Demographics
According to the 2011 census, the municipality had 2,250 inhabitants. 1,998 of inhabitants were Slovaks, 78 Hungarians, 23 Czechs, 12 Germans, 1 Kazakh and 139 others and unspecified.
References
External links/Sources
Official page
https://web.archive.org/web/20070513023228/http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html
Villages and municipalities in Senec District |
17327621 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiglai | Chiglai | Chiglai is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
17327630 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chih-ko | Chih-ko | Chih-ko is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
6899527 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27d%20Do%20Anything%20%28Dead%20or%20Alive%20song%29 | I'd Do Anything (Dead or Alive song) | "I'd Do Anything" is a song written and recorded by English band Dead or Alive. It was co-produced by the band and Zeus B. Held and released in January 1984 as the third single from Dead or Alive's debut album Sophisticated Boom Boom.
The song was the third consecutive single by Dead or Alive to miss the UK Top 75, hitting number seventy-nine in the UK Singles Chart. The band's fortunes would reverse with the release of their next single, a cover version of "That's the Way (I Like It)".
Track listing
Chart performance
1984 singles
Dead or Alive (band) songs
Songs written by Pete Burns
1984 songs
Songs written by Mike Percy (musician)
Epic Records singles
Songs written by Wayne Hussey |
20464949 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20Argentine%20legislative%20election | 2009 Argentine legislative election | Legislative elections were held in Argentina for half the seats in the Chamber of Deputies and a third (24) of the seats in the Senate on 28 June 2009, as well as for the legislature of the City of Buenos Aires and other municipalities.
Background
The elections were due to have been held on 25 October 2009. In March 2009, the Mayor of Buenos Aires, Mauricio Macri, moved to bring forward the date of elections to the Buenos Aires City Legislature to June 28, saying that it would increase transparency and democratic quality. Opposition figures criticised the decision, suggesting Macri was attempting to consolidate his power in the city, and building the career of his deputy, Gabriela Michetti, expected to head the list for Macri's coalition in the election. Similar changes to the election date had been introduced in the provinces of Santa Fe and Catamarca (March 2009).
Despite the criticism by politicians from Government ranks that Macri had abused the process by unilaterally changing the election date, President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner announced that she too would be introducing legislation to move the date of national elections forward by four months, to June 28. Despite great debate and the defections of some Peronist legislators, the proposal passed its Congressional stages quickly and the date was successfully changed. The Government claimed it would allow politicians to leave behind campaigning priorities and focus on tackling the ongoing local effect of the international financial crisis. Equally controversial was a decision by Front for Victory leader Néstor Kirchner (the current President's husband and predecessor) to advance stand-in candidates - prominent local lawmakers (notably Buenos Aires Province Governor Daniel Scioli, as well as 15 Greater Buenos Aires-area mayors) who, after the election, would be likely to cede their new seats to down-ticket names.
The elections resulted in a setback for the governing, center-left Front for Victory and its allies, which lost their absolute majorities in both houses of Congress. Former President Néstor Kirchner stood as head of his party list in the important Buenos Aires Province. Kirchner's list was defeated, however, by the center-right Republican Proposal (PRO) list headed by businessman Francisco de Narváez; the loss in Buenos Aires Province, though narrow, is significant as the province has been considered a Peronist stronghold and had helped maintain Kirchnerism as the dominant force in Argentine politics since 2003. Buenos Aires Vice Mayor Gabriela Michetti stood as head of the PRO list for the Lower House, and defeated four other prominent parties; the evening's surprise in Buenos Aires, however, was that of filmmaker Fernando Solanas' left-wing Proyecto Sur, which obtained second place.
The Kirchners' leading opposition on the center-left, the Civic Coalition, also made significant gains – particularly in the Senate, where they gained 7 seats. The Front for Victory had already lost 16 Lower House members and 4 Senators on the heels of the 2008 Argentine government conflict with the agricultural sector over a proposed rise in export tariffs. The crisis was defused by Vice President Julio Cobos' surprise, tie-breaking vote against them on July 16, 2008; but fallout from the controversy led to the President's distancing from Cobos (who successfully supported his own party list in his native Mendoza Province), a sharp drop in presidential approval ratings, and the aforementioned congressional defections. One especially successful ex-Kirchnerist was Santa Fe Province Senator Carlos Reutemann, who after the agrarian conflict formed Santa Fe Federal. His new party narrowly bested local Socialist Party leader Rubén Giustiniani, who would garner one of Santa Fe's three Senate seats. The Front for Victory retained a plurality in both houses, however (they will, with two allies, be one seat short of an absolute majority in the Senate).
Results
Chamber of Deputies
Results by province
Senate
Results by province
References
External links
2009 elections in Argentina
Elections in Argentina
Presidency of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner |
6899531 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grif | Grif | Grif may refer to:
Dexter Grif, a character in Red vs. Blue
Grifball a Halo gametype named after the character
Grif Italia, an Italian hang glider manufacturer
O-aminophenol oxidase, an enzyme referred to as GriF
Grif Teller (1899–1993), artist famous for his paintings for the Pennsylvania Railroad
See also
Griff (disambiguation) |
6899535 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurbanova%20Ves | Hurbanova Ves | Hurbanova Ves () is a village and municipality in western Slovakia in Senec District in the Bratislava Region.
History
In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1960.
Geography
The municipality lies at an altitude of 125 metres and covers an area of 5.413 km². It has a population of 264 people.
Demography
Population by nationality:
Rerefences
External links/Sources
Official page
https://web.archive.org/web/20070513023228/http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html
Villages and municipalities in Senec District |
20464954 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lute%20Song%20%28musical%29 | Lute Song (musical) | Lute Song is a 1946 American musical with a book by Sidney Howard and Will Irwin, music by Raymond Scott, and lyrics by Bernard Hanighen. It is based on the 14th-century Chinese play Tale of the Pipa (Pi-Pa-Ji) by Gao Ming. Though not a great success, the show is significant for Mary Martin's meeting of then-unknown cast member Yul Brynner, whom she later recommended to her friends Rodgers and Hammerstein for the role of the Siamese monarch in the classic The King and I, which premiered on Broadway in 1951. It was also the only Broadway appearance of future U.S. First Lady Nancy Reagan.
Development
Cyril Birch, collaborator in a translation of The Peach Blossom Fan, wrote that presumably the basis of the American play was the 1846 Antoine (A. P. L.) Bazin French translation of the Chinese play Tale of the Pipa.
Plot
The plot focuses on Tsai-Yong (Cai Yong), a young student who leaves his wife Tchao-Ou-Niang and parents to make a name for himself. He becomes a notable magistrate, but when he marries Princess Nieou-Chi, he is forbidden by her father to contact his family. His impoverished parents die of starvation during a famine, and Tchao-Ou-Niang is forced to sell her hair to pay for their funeral. She ultimately is reunited with her husband by Nieou-Chi, and is welcomed to the palace as his #1 wife.
Unlike the original work, Tsai-Yong has to decide between love and filial piety. Ultimately Tsai-Yong and Tchao-Ou-Niang are united.
Production
The Broadway production was directed by John Houseman and was produced by Michael Meyerberg. It opened at the Plymouth Theatre on February 6, 1946 and closed on June 8 of the same year after running for 142 performances. Scenic, costume, and lighting design were by Robert Edmond Jones.
The cast included Yul Brynner as Tsai-Yong, Mary Martin as Tchao-Ou-Niang, Mildred Dunnock and Augustin Duncan as the parents, and Helen Craig as Nieou-Chi. Appearing as Si-Tchun, a Lady-in-Waiting, was Nancy Davis, making her first and only Broadway appearance.
A London production opened at the Winter Garden on October 11, 1948, produced by Albert de Courville and starring Brynner and Dolly Haas.
One factor in the change to the ending was the efforts of Mary Martin and her husband Richard Halliday, who acted as her manager, because of the belief that "'sharing a man was unworthy of a star of Mary's magnitude'".
Song list
Act 1
Mountain High, Valley Low ..... Tchao-Ou-Niang and Tsai-Yong
Monkey See, Monkey Do ..... Tchao-Ou-Niang
Where You Are ..... Tchao-Ou-Niang
Act 2
Willow Tree ..... Tsai-Yong
Vision Song ..... Tchao-Ou-Niang and Tsai-Yong
Bitter Harvest ..... Tchao-Ou-Niang
Act 3
Mountain High, Valley Low (Reprise) ..... Tchao-Ou-Niang
Lute Song ..... Tchao-Ou-Niang
Decca Records released an album containing six tracks - four vocals by Martin and two instrumentals - on three 78 RPM records.
Critical reception
Time called it "the season's loveliest production and most charming failure [that] never quite catches the inner glow of art or the outward stir of theater." It continued, "There should have been either less spectacle or less story. As it is, the old tale is retold at considerable length, but loses much of its flow and human feeling through gorgeous interruptions and sumptuous distractions. What's more, neither the writing nor the acting has quite the stylized quality it reaches after."
References
Birch, Cyril. "Introduction: The Peach Blossom Fan as Southern Drama." In: K'ung, Shang-jen. Translators: Chen, Shih-hsiang and Harold Acton. Collaborator: Birch, Cyril. The Peach Blossom Fan (T'ao-hua-shan). University of California Press, 1976. .
Clausen, Søren, Roy Starrs, and Anne Wedell-Wedellsborg. Cultural encounters: China, Japan, and the West : essays commemorating 25 years of East Asian studies at the University of Aarhus. Aarhus University Press, 1995. , 9788772884974.
Notes
External links
Lute Song at Internet Broadway Database
1946 musicals
Broadway musicals
Musicals based on plays
Works based on Chinese classics |
6899545 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary%20calculus%20and%20cohomological%20physics | Secondary calculus and cohomological physics | In mathematics, secondary calculus is a proposed expansion of classical differential calculus on manifolds, to the "space" of solutions of a (nonlinear) partial differential equation. It is a sophisticated theory at the level of jet spaces and employing algebraic methods.
Secondary calculus
Secondary calculus acts on the space of solutions of a system of partial differential equations (usually non-linear equations). When the number of independent variables is zero, i.e. the equations are algebraic ones, secondary calculus reduces to classical differential calculus.
All objects in secondary calculus are cohomology classes of differential complexes growing on diffieties. The latter are, in the framework of secondary calculus, the analog of smooth manifolds.
Cohomological physics
Cohomological physics was born with Gauss's theorem, describing the electric charge contained inside a given surface in terms of the flux of the electric field through the surface itself. Flux is the integral of a differential form and, consequently, a de Rham cohomology class. It is not by chance that formulas of this kind, such as the well known Stokes formula, though being a natural part of classical differential calculus, have entered in modern mathematics from physics.
Classical analogues
All the constructions in classical differential calculus have an analog in secondary calculus. For instance, higher symmetries of a system of partial differential equations are the analog of vector fields on differentiable manifolds. The Euler operator, which associates to each variational problem the corresponding Euler–Lagrange equation, is the analog of the classical differential associating to a function on a variety its differential. The Euler operator is a secondary differential operator of first order, even if, according to its expression in local coordinates, it looks like one of infinite order. More generally, the analog of differential forms in secondary calculus are the elements of the first term of the so-called C-spectral sequence, and so on.
The simplest diffieties are infinite prolongations of partial differential equations, which are sub varieties of infinite jet spaces. The latter are infinite dimensional varieties that can not be studied by means of standard functional analysis. On the contrary, the most natural language in which to study these objects is differential calculus over commutative algebras. Therefore, the latter must be regarded as a fundamental tool of secondary calculus. On the other hand, differential calculus over commutative algebras gives the possibility to develop algebraic geometry as if it were differential geometry.
Theoretical physics
Recent developments of particle physics, based on quantum field theories and its generalizations, have led to understand the deep cohomological nature of the quantities describing both classical and quantum fields. The turning point was the discovery of the famous BRST transformation. For instance, it was understood that observables in field theory are classes in horizontal de Rham cohomology which are invariant under the corresponding gauge group and so on. This current in modern theoretical physics is actually growing and it is called Cohomological Physics.
It is relevant that secondary calculus and cohomological physics, which developed for twenty years independently from each other, arrived at the same results. Their confluence took place at the international conference Secondary Calculus and Cohomological Physics (Moscow, August 24–30, 1997).
Prospects
A large number of modern mathematical theories harmoniously converges in the framework of secondary calculus, for instance: commutative algebra and algebraic geometry, homological algebra and differential topology, Lie group and Lie algebra theory, differential geometry, etc.
See also
References
Essential Bibliography
I. S. Krasil'shchik, Calculus over Commutative Algebras: a concise user's guide, Acta Appl. Math. 49 (1997) 235—248; DIPS-01/98
I. S. Krasil'shchik, A. M. Verbovetsky, Homological Methods in Equations of Mathematical Physics, Open Ed. and Sciences, Opava (Czech Rep.), 1998; DIPS-07/98.
I. S. Krasil'shchik, A. M. Vinogradov (eds.), Symmetries and conservation laws for differential equations of mathematical physics, Translations of Math. Monographs 182, Amer. Math. Soc., 1999.
J. Nestruev, Smooth Manifolds and Observables, Graduate Texts in Mathematics 220, Springer, 2002.
A. M. Vinogradov, The C-spectral sequence, Lagrangian formalism, and conservation laws I. The linear theory, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 100 (1984) 1—40; Diffiety Inst. Library.
A. M. Vinogradov, The C-spectral sequence, Lagrangian formalism, and conservation laws II. The nonlinear theory, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 100 (1984) 41—129; Diffiety Inst. Library.
A. M. Vinogradov, From symmetries of partial differential equations towards secondary (`quantized') calculus, J. Geom. Phys. 14 (1994) 146—194; Diffiety Inst. Library.
A. M. Vinogradov, Introduction to Secondary Calculus, Proc. Conf. Secondary Calculus and Cohomology Physics (M. Henneaux, I. S. Krasil'shchik, and A. M. Vinogradov, eds.), Contemporary Mathematics, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, Rhode Island, 1998; DIPS-05/98.
A. M. Vinogradov, Cohomological Analysis of Partial Differential Equations and Secondary Calculus, Translations of Math. Monographs 204, Amer. Math. Soc., 2001.
External links
The Diffiety Institute
Diffiety School
Homological algebra
Partial differential equations |
6899568 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WBCB%20%28AM%29 | WBCB (AM) | WBCB is an AM broadcast station licensed to operate on 1490 kHz for Levittown, Pennsylvania, and serving the areas of Bucks County, Pennsylvania and other parts of suburban Philadelphia. Its programming mixes news, talk, music and local sports.
WBCB began broadcasting on December 8, 1957 by owner Drew J.T. O'Keefe, who was a Main Line attorney. He owned the station until his death in the late 1980s. The early years were marked by the emergence of soon to be big name personalities like Bill Bircher and Horace Greely McNabb. Since 1992, the station has been owned by local businessman Pasquale T. Deon Jr. and veteran Philadelphia Eagles broadcaster Merrill Reese, who was a WBCB alumnus early in his career.
Current personalities
Merrill Reese
Dan Baker
Greg Luzinski
Dennis Ostopowicz
Ted Efaw, Program Director
Chris Ermer
Jim Foxwell, Mornings
Fearon Derry
Pat Wandling, Speak Your Piece
Lou Powers
Joe LeCompte
Brooks Saint Ives
Jack Speers
Billy Werndl
Paul Jolovitz
Keith Noonan
Alumni personalities
Vince Reed, News, for over 40 years.
Bruce Bailey, ca. 1971 evening shift from 7p.m.-Midnight
Jerry Angert, 1989–1991, GM, PD, Morning Host
Steve Bessler, Morning Drive, 1980s
Bill Tourot, Overnight DJ, 1982
Tom Richards, Overnight fill-in, 1982
Jim Costanzo, Overnight fill-in, 1982
Paul Baroli Jr, Program Manager, Coffee With Kahuna, for 10 years.
Dick Fennessy (Tom Sommers) 1972-1974 Afternoons/Evenings
John Brown Evenings and Afternoons 1970s
Dan Wing - News Anchor/Sports Director/DJ - 2007-2014
Bill Matter, afternoon drive fill-in, 1979
Al Stewart (Allan Hotlen) Nights
"Quick" Karl Rahmer 6p.m.-Midnight
Charles A. Hidalgo, On Air Talent, 1984 to 1994
Jim Glogowski - Jimmy G, 1970's and 1980's
Speciality shows
Monday Night Kickoff
Pro Football Report with Merrill Reese
The Bull Session with Dan Baker and Greg "The Bull" Luzinski
Baseball Insiders with John Brazer and Ricky Bottalico
Bill Clement's Hockey World
Pro Wrestling Weekly with Fearon Derry
Chart Toppers with Fearon Derry
Racing Wrap With Skip Clayton
The Dennis Ostopowicz Polka Show
Sunshine Music Memories with Smilin' Lou Powers
Jolly and the Loon
External links
Radio stations established in 1957
BCB
Full service radio stations in the United States |
6899572 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27d%20Do%20Anything | I'd Do Anything | I'd Do Anything may refer to:
I'd Do Anything (2004 TV series), a 2004 American reality series that aired on ESPN
I'd Do Anything (2008 TV series), a 2008 talent show-themed television series that aired on the BBC
"I'd Do Anything" (Oliver! song), from the musical Oliver!
"I'd Do Anything" (Simple Plan song)
"I'd Do Anything" (Dead or Alive song) |
6899574 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harald%20Bosio | Harald Bosio | Harald Bosio (2 January 1906 – 2 December 1980) was an Austrian cross-country skier, ski jumper, and Nordic combined skier who competed in the 1920s and in the 1930s. He was born in Judenburg.
Olympic Games
Bosio competed in the 1928 Winter Olympics, in the 1932 Winter Olympics, and in the 1936 Winter Olympics. In 1932 he finished 21st in the shorter cross-country skiing event and 29th in the Nordic combined competition. He also participated in the ski jumping event but did not finish. Four years later at the 1936 Winter Olympics he finished 28th in the 18 km cross-country skiing event. As member of the Austrian cross-country relay team he finished eighth in the 4x10 km relay competition.
World championships
He won a bronze individual medal at the 1933 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Innsbruck.
References
Harald Bosio's profile at Sports Reference.com
Mention of death
1906 births
1980 deaths
Austrian male cross-country skiers
Austrian male ski jumpers
Austrian male Nordic combined skiers
Olympic cross-country skiers of Austria
Olympic Nordic combined skiers of Austria
Olympic ski jumpers of Austria
Ski jumpers at the 1928 Winter Olympics
Cross-country skiers at the 1932 Winter Olympics
Nordic combined skiers at the 1932 Winter Olympics
Ski jumpers at the 1932 Winter Olympics
Cross-country skiers at the 1936 Winter Olympics
FIS Nordic World Ski Championships medalists in Nordic combined
People from Judenburg
Sportspeople from Styria |
6899604 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Quest%20of%20the%20Missing%20Map | The Quest of the Missing Map | The Quest of the Missing Map is the nineteenth volume in the Nancy Drew Mystery Stories series. It was first published in 1942 under the pseudonym Carolyn Keene. The actual author was ghostwriter Mildred Wirt Benson.
Plot summary
Nancy investigates a small ship cottage at the Chatham estate and discovers a connection between the mysterious occurrences at the cottage and an island where a lost treasure is said to be buried. With one half of a map, Nancy sets out to find a missing twin brother who holds the other half. The mystery becomes dangerous when an assailant hears about the treasure and is determined to push Nancy off the trail. Can she endure this and other grave dangers, and recover in time to solve the mystery?
References
External links
Nancy Drew books
1942 American novels
1942 children's books
Grosset & Dunlap books
Children's mystery novels |
23571343 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido%20Colliery%20and%20Railway%20Company | Hokkaido Colliery and Railway Company | was a company engaged in coal mining, railway operation and shipping in Hokkaidō, Japan.
The company was established in 1889 when the state-owned and Horonai Railway were sold to the company. The company developed coal mines and transported coal to consumers by its own railways and a fleet of steamships.
The railway of the company was nationalized on October 1, 1906 under the Railway Nationalization Act. At this time the company was renamed , which continued mining until 1995 and is in business of coal importing from Russia as of 2014.
Railway
List of lines and stations
As of September 30, 1906
Muroran – Temiya
The Muroran–Iwamizawa section and the Iwamizawa–Otaru section are part of the Muroran Main Line and the Hakodate Main Line respectively today. The remaining Otaru–Temiya section became the Temiya Line, which was closed in 1985.
Iwamizawa – Utashinai
The Iwamizawa–Sunagawa section is the part of the Hakodate Main Line today. The remaining part became the Utashinai Line, which was closed in 1988.
Iwamizawa – Ikushunbetsu
This section later became a part of the Horonai Line, which was closed in 1987.
Horonaibuto – Horonai
This section later became a part of the Horonai Line, which was closed in 1987.
Oiwake – Yūbari
The section from Oiwake to Shin-Yubari (Momijiyama) is a part of the Sekishō Line (Main section) today while the remainder became the Yubari Branch Line which closed in 2019.
Sunagawa – Sorachigawa
The company leased this section to Japanese Government Railways. This section is a part of the Hakodate Main Line today.
Nationalization
As the Railway Nationalization Act was promulgated, on October 1, 1906, the company's railway (207 miles 51 chains), rolling stock (1,940), steamship (1), personnel (3,673) and other goods and contracts were transferred to the government of Japan, in exchange of 30,997,100 yen worth of government bond.
References
External links
Hokkaido Colliery & Steamship Co., Ltd.
Coal companies of Japan
Economic history of Japan
Defunct railway companies of Japan
Rail transport in Hokkaido
Railway companies established in 1889
Railway companies disestablished in 1906
Japanese companies established in 1889 |
6899608 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDaliakalnis | Žaliakalnis | Žaliakalnis (literally, "the green hill") is an elderate in Lithuania's second largest city, Kaunas. Žaliakalnis is located north of the old town and the city center area, between the Neris and Girstupis valleys. It is one of the largest residential areas in Kaunas, with a population of 38,480 in 2006.
History
Žaliakalnis became part of Kaunas in 1919, when the city became the temporary capital of Lithuania. Kaunas expanded rapidly and the need for a comprehensive plan became evident by 1922. The Danish engineer M. Frandsen was invited to devise this plan.
In Frandsen's plan, Žaliakalnis was to be an important part of Kaunas, where all the city's administrative functions would be located. This part of the concept was not fulfilled, although the neighbourhood quickly became very popular and many modern residences were built. In 1924-1925 alone, more than 300 plots were created and sold. In accordance with the plan, its streets were planted with different species of trees, and space was left for gardens. By 1940, the area was largely built up, and only a few plots remained vacant.
Points of interest
Žaliakalnis is home to Ąžuolynas Park, containing a stand of centuries-old oak trees. It is the largest stand of urban oaks within Europe, covering 63 hectares. A few sections of the park have been separated into Vytautas Park and Dainų slėnis. The only Zoo in Lithuania is located across the road from Ąžuolynas. A large number of buildings of functionalism architecture, predominant in the interbellum, are still preserved in the elderate.
Žaliakalnis was home for some well known Lithuanian writers and artists such as Balys Sruoga, Vincas Krėvė-Mickevičius, Ieva Simonaitytė, Kazys Binkis, Kipras Petrauskas, President Valdas Adamkus grew up here.
Now Žaliakalnis is a popular upmarket residential area.
Žaliakalnis contains a number of sports facilities and educational institutions:
Kaunas University of Technology campus
Lithuanian Academy of Physical Education
Kaunas Sports Hall
S. Darius and S. Girėnas Stadium
National Football Academy
References
City of Kaunas - Elderate of Žaliakalnis
External links
Website of Kaunas city
Neighbourhoods of Kaunas |
23571345 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaitanya%20Mangala | Chaitanya Mangala | The Chaitanya Mangala () (c.16th century) of Lochana Dasa is an important hagiographical work on the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Sri Krishna Chaitanya - Chaitanya Mahaprabhu in Bengali. This work of Lochana Dasa or Lochananda Dasa is influenced by the Sanskrit Kadacha of Murari Gupta. The complete text is divided into four sections: the Sutra Khanda, the Adi Khanda, the Madhya Khanda and the Shesh Khanda. As this work was written for the purpose of singing only, it is not further sub-divided into chapters.
Contents
The Chaitanya Mangala comprises about 11000 verses. The Sutra Khanda has around 1800 verses, the Adi Khanda has about 3300 verses, the Madhya Khanda consists nearly 4300 verses and the Shesh Khanda comprises about 1600 verses. The Sutrakhanda is a prelude to the Krishna's appearance as the Gauranga avatar in Nabadwip, which describes the events which led to this incarnation. The Adi Khanda narrates the early life of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu up to his trip to Gaya. The Madhya Khanda describes events in Mahaprabhu's later life up to his meeting with Sarvabahuma Bhattacharya. The Shesh Khanda narrates his pilgrimages to southern and northern India. Some manuscripts also consist a description of the last part of the Mahaprabhu's life till his disappearance.
See also
Chaitanya Mahaprabhu
Chaitanya Bhagavata
Notes
Bengali-language literature
16th-century Indian books |
6899609 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20England%20Music%20Camp | New England Music Camp | The New England Music Camp (NEMC) is a summer camp for music students ages 11–18, located on in Sidney, Maine, on the eastern shore of Messalonskee Lake in the Belgrade Lakes region. It was founded in 1937 on the site of the defunct Eastern Music Camp.
The camp has facilities for some 200 campers as well as faculty and staff. It follows a balanced structure of musical training (in the morning) and standard athletic activities (in the afternoon) such as sailing, kayaking, archery, tennis, softball, soccer, volleyball, badminton etc. There are numerous concerts offered free to the public during its seven-week season on site at the Bowl in the Pines or Alumni Hall (respectively, the camp's outdoor and indoor performance venues). Two pops-style concerts are presented for a small fee at the nearby Oakland Performing Arts Center in Oakland.
New England Music Camp has many alumni move on to successful careers in music. NEMC alumni have won positions in the New York Philharmonic, the St. Louis Symphony, the Chicago Symphony, the Cleveland Orchestra and the Houston Symphony.
Music facilities
The Bowl in the Pines
The Bowl in the Pines, North America's second largest outdoor amphitheater, is home to concerts by all of NEMC's performing groups every Sunday and on select Saturdays at 3:00 p.m. for the entire camp season. The Symphony Band, Symphony Orchestra, Stage Band, and Jazz Ensemble rehearse on the bowl stage in the mornings. Backstage are several practice rooms, and the percussion, tuba, and bass studios. It is the prettiest place to listen to and play music in. The bowl is also used for the annual talent shows, quad cabin activities, and more.
Alumni Hall
Alumni Hall is the camp's recital hall located near the entrance to campus. Alumni hall seats over 300 people and hosts faculty recitals Wednesday nights at 8:00 and student honor recitals Friday nights at 7:30. The Concert Band, Concert Orchestra, Treble Choir, and Jazz Band rehearse in Alumni Hall in the mornings. On other nights, alumni hall is used for social functions such as the square dance, all camp movie night, and dual cabin activities.
Classrooms and Practice Areas
Several other buildings on campus such as the Booth Ensemble Building, the Summer House, and Trustees Hall serve as classrooms for music classes (music theory, orchestral literature, conducting, etc.), sectional rehearsals, and chamber music rehearsals. Numerous practice cabins serve as space for solo practice and private lessons.
Recreational facilities
The Waterfront
The NEMC waterfront consists of a sailing area, a canoe area, and a swimming area. The camp owns seven sailboats and several canoes and kayaks, many of which are used daily in afternoon recreational activities. In addition to being an option for assigned recreation, the swimming area is open to all campers during afternoon free time. The waterfront is run by several counselors and the assistant head counselors, all of whom are certified lifeguards.
The Rec Fields
The Recreational Fields consist of full soccer and ultimate frisbee fields, a softball field, an archery range, two sand volleyball courts, a weightlifting station, and a basketball court. Three tennis courts are located behind the Lodge across campus, but are still used for afternoon recreation. The rec fields are also used for camper games and all camp olympics, as well as the camper vs. faculty softball game.
Dining facilities
The Lodge
The Lodge is the dining hall, where all students and faculty have breakfast, lunch, and dinner and are told important announcements for the day, such as rehearsal time and other activities. During lunch, mail call takes place in the Lodge. There is a kitchen, the student eating area, a faculty eating area, and a "staff only" upstairs.
The Canteen
The Canteen sells a wide variety of drinks and snacks and is open for specific hours during the day. In addition, the Canteen also sells souvenirs such as tote bags and New England Music Camp apparel.
Housing
All cabins at NEMC are organized strictly by age, and most have their own ping pong tables. Two cabins each share a separate shower house located between them. Each cabin also has its own fire pit for cabin cookouts which occur every Monday night. The girls' end of camp is located on the far south side running along the southern border. The boys' end runs from the Bowl to the northern border of campus along the lakefront.
References
External links
Official website
Summer camps in Maine
Buildings and structures in Kennebec County, Maine |
23571375 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Winton | Alan Winton | Alan Peter Winton (born 4 September 1958) is the Bishop of Thetford in the Church of England Diocese of Norwich.
Education and family
Winton was educated at Sheffield University, whence he was awarded his Bachelor of Arts (BA Hons) honours degree in Biblical Studies in 1983. He then studied for and received his Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) from that university in 1987, then trained for the ministry at Lincoln Theological College. Winton married in 1982, and they have two children; his wife is also a priest.
Ministerial career
Winton was made a deacon at Petertide 1991 (29 June), by Jim Thompson, Bishop of Stepney, at St Paul's Cathedral, and ordained a priest the Petertide following (29 June 1992), by Brian Masters, Bishop of Edmonton, at All Hallows, Gospel Oak; his first (title) post was as assistant curate (1991–1995) of Christ Church Southgate, London. His first post of responsibility was priest in charge of St Paul's Walden with Preston, Hertfordshire (1995–1999), during which time he was simultaneously Continuing Ministerial Education (CME) Officer for that diocese. Finally (before his appointment to the episcopate) he served in Welwyn, first as Rector (1999–2005) of St Mary the Virgin, Welwyn, and of St Michael, Welwyn, with St Peter, Ayot St Peter; then as Team Rector (2005–2009) of the new Welwyn Team Ministry. During the latter part of that appointment, from 2007, he was also an honorary canon of St Albans Abbey.
In 2009, he was appointed to become Bishop of Thetford, one of the two suffragan bishops in the Diocese of Norwich. He was consecrated as bishop by Rowan Williams, Archbishop of Canterbury, on 29 September 2009 (Michaelmas), at St Paul's Cathedral.
Styles
The Reverend Doctor Alan Winton (1991–2007)
The Reverend Canon Doctor Alan Winton (2007–2009)
The Right Reverend Doctor Alan Winton (2009–present)
Notes
References
1958 births
Alumni of the University of Sheffield
21st-century Church of England bishops
Bishops of Thetford
Living people
Alumni of Lincoln Theological College |
17327644 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%20textbook | Open textbook | An open textbook is a textbook licensed under an open license, and made available online to be freely used by students, teachers and members of the public. Many open textbooks are distributed in either print, e-book, or audio formats that may be downloaded or purchased at little or no cost.
Part of the broader open educational resources movement, open textbooks increasingly are seen as a solution to challenges with traditionally published textbooks, such as access and affordability concerns. Open textbooks were identified in the New Media Consortium's 2010 Horizon Report as a component of the rapidly progressing adoption of open content in higher education.
Usage rights
The defining difference between open textbooks and traditional textbooks is that the copyright permissions on open textbooks allow the public to freely use, adapt and distribute the material. Open textbooks either reside in the public domain or are released under an open license that grants usage rights to the public so long as the author is attributed.
The copyright permissions on open textbooks extend to all members of the public and cannot be rescinded. These permissions include the right to do the following:
use the textbook freely
create and distribute copies of the textbook
adapt the textbook by revising it or combining it with other materials
Some open licenses limit these rights to non-commercial use or require that adapted versions be licensed the same as the original.
Open licenses
Some examples of open licenses are:
Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY)
Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike (CC-BY-SA)
Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Share-Alike (CC-BY-NC-SA)
GNU Free Documentation License
Waivers of copyright that place materials in the public domain include:
Creative Commons Public Domain Tools: CC0 (if you are the copyright holder) and the Creative Commons Public Domain Mark (to be applied to works "free of known copyright restrictions")
Affordability
Open textbooks increasingly are seen as an affordable alternative to traditional textbooks in both K-12 and higher education. In both cases, open textbooks offer both dramatic up-front savings and the potential to drive down traditional textbook prices through competition.
Higher education
In the United States, textbook costs increased 88% from July 2006 to July 2016. For this reason, in 2019, students were recommended to budget at least $1,230 per year for textbooks. Overall, open textbooks have been found by the Student Public Interest Research Groups (PIRGs) to offer 80% or more savings to higher education students over traditional textbooks.
In 2010, research commissioned by the Florida state legislature pointed to the savings potential open textbooks could secure for students. Legislative reports in Texas and North Dakota also pointed to the potential of open textbook programs to secure cost savings. State-backed initiatives began in Washington, Ohio, California, and Texas. In Canada, the province of British Columbia became the first jurisdiction to have a similar open textbook program. In subsequent years, various state, provincial, national, and institutional initiatives emerged to support creation and use of open textbooks.
Open Oregon, a state-funded initiative active since 2015, indicated in an annual report that open textbooks can not only secure significant savings for students, these savings compound over time as materials are reused. For instance, Open Oregon initially offered $52,098 in funding for open textbooks in 2015. By 2019, the program estimated that students in Oregon higher education had secured $477,409.24 in savings.
Organizations supporting creation of open textbooks cite other reasons for doing so that go beyond cost savings. In 2010, the Florida state legislature pointed to "compelling academic reasons" for using open textbooks that included: "improved quality, flexibility and access to resources, interactive and active learning experiences, currency of textbook information, broader professional collaboration, and the use of teaching and learning technology to enhance educational experiences" (OATTF, p. i).
Based on survey data gathered in September 2020, Student PIRGs cited additional reasons for supporting accessible open textbooks in light of the evolving COVID-19 pandemic. They noted that, while commercial textbook prices had not continued to surge in the past year, students experiencing economic uncertainty, food shortages, and limited access to Internet were more likely to forgo or lose access to course materials. This report highlighted the economic inequalities that are further exacerbated by an educational market characterized by cost inflation and demanding technological requirements.
Research
A meta-analysis of 22 studies of 100,012 students found that there were no differences between open and commercial textbooks for learning performance. Students enrolled in courses with open textbooks had a lower withdrawal rate than students enrolled in courses in commercial textbooks. Systematic reviews of open educational resources, including open textbooks, concluded that faculty and student perceptions of the quality of open textbooks was comparable to that of commercial textbooks.
Platforms
Open textbooks and other open educational resources may be found on several platforms, typically organized by universities and non-profit organizations, such as MERLOT. The University of Minnesota Open Textbook library is coordinated through the Center for Open Education and is a repository of downloadable open textbooks. OpenStax is both a platform for locating open textbooks and an open textbook creator. Peer review is a common practice across platforms.
K–12 education
Research at Brigham Young University has produced a web-based cost comparison calculator for traditional and open K-12 textbooks. To use the calculator the inputs commercial textbook cost, planned replacement frequency, and number of annual textbook user count are required. A section is provided to input time requirements for adaptation to local needs, annual updating hours, labor rate, and an approximation of pages. The summary section applies an industry standard cost for print-on-demand of the adapted open textbook to provide a cost per student per year for both textbook options. A summed cost differential over the planned period of use is also calculated.
Milestones
Several organizations, publishers, and initiatives have taken a lead in furthering open textbook publishing, particularly in North America.
In early 2011, Connexions announced a series of two grants that would allow the platform to produce a total of 20 open textbooks ultimately distributed as the OpenStax collection. Initially funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, the Michelson 20MM Foundation, and the Maxfield Foundation, this project expanded over an 18-month time frame to include open textbooks for Anatomy & Physiology, Sociology, Biology, Biology for non-majors, and Physics. The second phase of the OpenStax project would produce an additional 15 titles. The most expensive part of this process was image rights clearing with cleared images becoming available for reuse in even more titles. As of June 2021, OpenStax indicates that their textbooks are in use in 60% of U.S. colleges and universities and 100 countries worldwide.
In February 2012, the Saylor Foundation sponsored an "Open Textbook Challenge," offering a $20,000 reward for newly written open textbooks or existing textbooks released under a CC-BY license.
After its launch in 2012, the BC Open Textbook Pilot went on to win many accolades for its commitment to providing open textbooks to students in British Columbia, Canada. BCcampus was tasked with coordinating the program, whose goal was to "make higher education more accessible by reducing student cost through the use of openly licensed textbooks." BCcampus' catalog of open textbooks is widely regarded as a leading source of information about existing OER in Canada. The organization has taken the lead in educating the OER community about textbook accessibility via its Accessibility Toolkit. In 2015 and 2016, BCcampus won Creative Innovation and Open Education Excellence awards from the Open Education Consortium. In 2018, it won a SPARC Innovator Award.
In 2012, David Ernst, a faculty member in the College of Education and Human Development at the University of Minnesota, founded Open Textbook Library (OTL) to help other faculty members locate and adopt open textbooks. Ernst launched traveling workshops that presented the concept of OER to faculty members and invited them to review textbooks in OTL using a pre-set rubric. In 2014, Ernst created Open Textbook Network to provide peer support to institutions looking to expand their open education initiatives. Later renamed Open Education Network, this organization had grown by June 2021 to comprise 140 members and 1,147 campuses across North America and select locations worldwide. Its initiatives came to include local workshops, a publishing cooperative, a certificate in OER Librarianship, and an annual Summer Summit. Meanwhile, Open Textbook Library had grown to 883 textbooks by June 2021.
In 2013, the Maricopa County Community College District launched the Maricopa Millions Study. The goal of this project was to "radically decrease student costs by offering LOW COST or NO COST options for course materials." The project aimed to save students $5 in five years.
In 2013, Tidewater Community College rolled out the first known degree program using exclusively zero-cost course materials. Tidewater's Associate of Science in Business Administration was known as a "Z-Degree" program, and in 2017 the college reported that the degree had garnered students $1 million in savings to date.
Based in Canada, the Rebus Foundation emerged in the 2010s to provide support for authors seeking to publish open textbooks. The foundation provides professional development, facilitates workshops, and encourages authors to connect over shared OER projects.
Also emerging in the 2010s, Pressbooks set out to provide "open-source, book production...built around the WordPress platform." Since the platform's introduction, many institutions have built open textbook publishing efforts around Pressbooks. Some of the results may be viewed on the Pressbooks Directory. As of June 2021, more than 2,500 books had been published to the directory.
Awards
Because authors do not make money from the sale of open textbooks, many organizations have tried to use prizes or grants as financial incentives for writing open textbooks or releasing existing textbooks under open licenses. Examples of grants and awards follow.
In November 2010, Anthony Brandt was awarded an "Access to Artistic Excellence" grant from the National Endowment for the Arts for his innovative music appreciation course in Connexions. "Sound Reasoning" "takes a new approach [to teaching music appreciation]: It presents style-transcendent principles, illustrated by side-by-side examples from both traditional and contemporary music. The goal is to empower listeners to be able to listen attentively and think intelligently about any kind of music, no matter its style. Everything is listening based; no ability to read music is required." The module being completed with grant funds is entitled "Hearing Harmony". Dr. Brandt cites choosing the Connexions open content publishing platform because "it was an opportunity to present an innovative approach in an innovative format, with the musical examples interpolated directly into the text."
In December 2010, open textbook publisher Flat World Knowledge was recognized by the American Library Association's Business Reference and Services Section (ALA BRASS) by being named to the association's list of "Outstanding Business Reference Sources: The 2010 Selection of Recent Titles." The categories of business and economics open textbooks from Flat World Knowledge's catalog were selected for this award and referenced as "an innovative new vehicle for affordable (or free) online access to premier instructional resources in business and economics." Specific criteria used by the American Library Association BRASS when evaluating titles for selection were:
A resource compiled specifically to supply information on a certain subject or group of subjects in a form that will facilitate its ease of use. The works are examined for authority and reputation of the publisher, author, or editor; accuracy; appropriate bibliography; organization, comprehensiveness, and value of the content; currency and unique addition to the field; ease of use for intended purpose; quality and accuracy of indexing; and quality and usefulness of graphics and illustrations. Each year more electronic reference titles are published, and additional criteria by which these resources are evaluated include search features, stability of content, graphic design quality, and accuracy of links. Works selected are intended to be suitable for medium to large academic and public libraries.The Text and Academic Author's Association awarded a 2011 Textbook Excellence Award ("Texty") to the first open textbook to ever win such recognition in that year. A maximum of eight academic titles could earn this award each year. The title "Organizational Behavior" by Talya Bauer and Berrin Erdogan earned one of seven 2011 Textbook Excellence Awards granted. Bauer & Erdogan's "Organizational Behavior" open textbook was published by Flat World Knowledge.
Other significant honors can be found via Open Education Global—a community that presents annual awards for innovation and leadership in open education.
Instruction
Open textbooks are flexible in ways that traditional textbooks are not, which gives instructors more freedom to use them in the way that best meets their instructional needs.
One common frustration with traditional textbooks is the frequency of new editions, which force the instructor to modify the curriculum to the new book. Any open textbook can be used indefinitely, so instructors need only change editions when they think it is necessary.
Many open textbooks are licensed to allow modification. This means that instructors can add, remove or alter the content to better fit a course's needs. Furthermore, the cost of textbooks can in some cases contribute to the quality of instruction when students are not able to purchase required materials. A Florida governmental panel found after substantial consultation with educators, students, and administrators that "there are compelling academic reasons to use open access textbooks such as: improved quality, flexibility and access to resources, interactive and active learning experiences, currency of textbook information, broader professional collaboration, and the use of teaching and learning technology to enhance educational experiences." (OATTF, p. i)
Authorship
Author compensation for open textbooks works differently than traditional textbook publishing. By definition, the author of an open textbook grants the public the right to use the textbook for free, so charging for access is no longer possible. However, numerous models for supporting authors are developing. For example, a startup open textbook publisher called Flat World Knowledge pays its authors royalties on the sale of print copies and study aids. Other proposed models include grants, institutional support and advertising.
American legislation
Legislation "to authorize grants for the creation, update, or adaption of open textbooks" and assure those developed would be made available under favorable licenses was introduced into the 111th United States Congress, both in the Senate and the House of Representatives. Findings specific to open textbooks detailed in the bill text are:
The growth of the Internet has enabled the creation and sharing of open content, including open educational resources.
The U.S. President has proposed a new, significant federal investment in the creation of online open-source courses for community colleges that will make learning more accessible, adaptable, and affordable for students.
The high cost of college textbooks continues to be a barrier for many students in achieving higher education, and according to the Advisory Committee on Student Financial Assistance, 200,000 qualified students fail to enroll in college each year due to cost.
The College Board reported that for the 2007-2008 academic year an average student spent an estimated $805 to $1,229 on college books and supplies.
Making high quality open textbooks freely available to the general public could significantly lower college textbook costs and increase accessibility to such education materials.
Open textbooks can improve learning and teaching by creating course materials that are more flexible, adaptable, and accessible through the use of technology.
This legislation did not reach the floor of either chamber for debate or vote prior to the conclusion of the 111th Congress.
After this initial foray into legislation supporting OER in higher education, the U.S. Congress funded an Open Textbook Pilot Program in 2018. As of 2021, funding had been renewed every year. In 2021, $7 million was awarded to nine projects nationwide.
Industry opposition
The current higher education textbook industry has voiced stiff opposition to creation and adoption of open textbooks. The industry is represented by Bruce Hildebrand, a former senior vice president from the controversial firm Hill & Knowlton International Public Relations, who is now acting as executive director for higher education for the Association of American Publishers.
Accessibility
As institutions moved toward digital access during the COVID-19 pandemic, accessibility of course materials became a mounting concern. Specifically, accessibility for people with disabilities has been a challenge across resources including open textbooks. Web accessibility is defined by W3C as adherence to Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). Studies have increasingly shown that open textbooks fail multiple criteria outlined in WCAG. These studies have caused the open education community to produce guides for improving the accessibility of open textbooks and OER.
Projects and Initiatives
A number of projects and initiatives around the world seek to develop, support and promote open textbooks. Two very notable advocates and supporters of open textbook and related open education projects include the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
Australian Open Textbook Project
The Australian Open Textbook Project is investigating the current and potential role of open textbooks in Australian higher education. The project has a particular focus on social justice and is funded by the National Centre for Student Equity in Higher Education (NCSEHE).
BCcampus
BCcampus supports online college and university education in British Columbia (BC), Canada. In 2012 BCcampus was awarded the first in a series of provincial funds from the BC Ministry of Advanced Education to support the use and development of open textbooks in British Columbia, including the creation of open textbooks in popular subjects. BCcampus provides a library of curated open textbooks and extensive support for open textbook development.
Digital Open Textbooks for Development (DOT4D)
The DOT4D project is based at The University of Cape Town and funded by the Canadian International Development Research Centre (IDRC). The project focuses on supporting the use of open textbook use in South African higher education. DOT4D has a particular focus on social justice.
eCampus Ontario
eCampus Ontario is a Canadian non-governmental organisation (NGO). It supports the use of OER and partners with higher education institutions to support the development of open textbooks. eCampus Ontario also provide a curated collection of OER, including open textbooks.
OpenStax
OpenStax (formerly Connexions and OpenStax College) was founded in 2011 and is based at Rice University. As at June 2021 OpenStax provided 61 openly licensed, curriculum aligned textbooks for universities, colleges and high schools, largely available in US English but with some textbooks available in Polish. OpenStax has charitable status and is funded from a variety of sources, including foundation funding. During 2019 it was reported that OpenStax materials were being used by half of all higher education institutions in the United States.
Open Education Network
The Open Education Network (formerly the Open Textbook Network) is based at The University of Minnesota. A membership organisation, The Open Education Network supports the use of OER in Higher Education. The associated Open Textbook Library had curated 886 open textbooks for reuse as at June 2021.
Polish Coalition for Open Education (KOED) and the Polish Government
The KOED advocates for the use of OER in Poland. The work of KOED informed the Polish Government investment in open textbooks for use in primary and secondary education during 2012 and 2013. A range of open textbooks have been developed and made available.
Siyavula
Based in South Africa, Siyavula was founded in 2007 and offers high school maths and science open textbooks. Initially funded through a Shuttleworth Foundation fellowship, the South African government provided 2.5 million print copies of Siyavula textbooks to South African high school students during 2012.
UK Open Textbooks Project
The Hewlett Foundation funded UK Open Textbooks project (2017-2018) was a collaborative pilot project investigating the applicability of two methods of open textbook adoption to the UK context.
See also
Open educational resources
Open content
Openness
California Open Source Textbook Project
OpenStax
Global Text
CK-12 Foundation
Free High School Science Texts
OER Commons
Saylor Foundation
MIT OpenCourseWare
WikiToLearn
Wikibooks
External links
BC Open Textbooks
Mavs Open Press
Milne Open Textbooks
OASIS (Openly Available Sources Integrated Search)
OER Africa
Open Oregon
Open Textbook Library at the University of Minnesota
OpenStax
PDX Open
Pressbooks Directory
WikiToLearn Homepage
References
Textbooks |
17327662 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block%20Island%20North%20Light | Block Island North Light | Block Island North Light (Lighthouse), built in 1867, is a historic lighthouse on Block Island, Rhode Island (New Shoreham).
History
The first light on the site was built in 1829. The current structure at Sandy Point is the fourth lighthouse built on the site and was made of granite and iron in 1867. The light was deactivated in 1973 and United States Fish and Wildlife Service acquired the lighthouse. The lighthouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.
After years of neglect, the lighthouse, along with two acres of land, was sold to New Shoreham in 1984 for $1 USD. Following much renovation by the North Light Commission, it was relighted in 1989, and a museum opened on the first floor in 1993. Then, in 2008 the light underwent restoration at Georgetown Ironworks in Massachusetts and was returned in 2009. Finally, on 23 October 2010, a relighting ceremony took place.
Structure
The building is made of brown granite. The tower is octagonal in shape, in height, and provides a focal plane height of . It contains a fourth-order Fresnel lens, which flashes white light every five seconds, and has a range of . The lighthouse does not have a foghorn.
A wind generator and solar panels provide much of the power for the building.
See also
Block Island Southeast Light
National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington County, Rhode Island
References
External links
Lighthouse pics and info
Lighthouse Friend information and photos
Lighthouses in Washington County, Rhode Island
Lighthouse museums in Rhode Island
Museums in Washington County, Rhode Island
New Shoreham, Rhode Island
Lighthouses completed in 1867
Lighthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
National Register of Historic Places in Washington County, Rhode Island
1867 establishments in Rhode Island |
20464983 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%202008%20box%20office%20number-one%20films%20in%20South%20Korea | List of 2008 box office number-one films in South Korea | This is a list of films which have been placed number-one at the South Korean box office during 2008, based on admissions.
Highest-grossing films
References
See also
List of South Korean films of 2008
2008 in South Korean cinema
2008
South Korea |
23571378 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Members%20of%20the%20Victorian%20Legislative%20Assembly%2C%201856%E2%80%931859 | Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly, 1856–1859 | This is a list of members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly from the elections of 23 September – 24 October 1856 to those of 26 August – 26 September 1859. The Assembly was created in 1856.
Note the "Term in Office" refers to that members term(s) in the Assembly, not necessarily for that electorate.
Notes
O'Shanassy won both Melbourne and Kilmore districts, deciding to represent the latter he resigned from Melbourne. The by-election for Melbourne in January 1857 was won by Henry Langlands.
Baragwanath resigned in December 1857, replaced by John Everard in an January 1858 by-election.
Cameron resigned in March 1857, replaced by John Wood in an April 1857 by-election.
Childers resigned in February 1857, replaced by John Findlay in a July 1857 by-election.
Clarke resigned in August 1858, replaced by Robert Anderson in an October 1858 by-election.
Fellows resigned in May 1858, replaced by John Crews in a May 1858 by-election.
Fyfe resigned in November 1857, replaced by George Board in a February 1858 by-election
Goodman resigned in January 1858, replaced by William Forlonge in a January 1858 by-election. Forlonge resigned in January 1859, replaced in turn by William Nicholson in a January 1859 by-election
Greeves resigned in March 1857, replaced by Richard Heales in a March 1857 by-election
Griffith resigned in February 1858, replaced by William Mollison in an April 1858 by-election
Haines left Parliament around November 1858, replaced by John Bell in a January 1859 by-election.
King resigned in September 1857, replaced by John Johnson in a November 1857 by-election
McDougall resigned in August 1857, replaced by Joseph Wilkie in an August 1857 by-election
Palmer resigned in July 1857, replaced by Richard Davies Ireland in an August 1857 by-election
Pasley resigned in July 1857, replaced by Sidney Ricardo in a July 1857 by-election.
Pyke resigned in February 1857, replaced by Robert Sitwell in a March 1857 by-election
Read resigned in February 1858, replaced by James Harrison in an April 1858 by-election
Rutherford resigned in July 1857, replaced by Theodore Hancock in a July 1857 by-election
Sargood resigned in December 1857, replaced by Henry Chapman in a January 1858 by-election.
Sladen resigned in March 1857, replaced by Alexander Thomson in December 1857
Stawell resigned in February 1857, replaced by James Service in March 1857
Were resigned in February 1857, replaced by Charles Ebden in a March 1857 by-election
References
Members of the Parliament of Victoria by term
19th-century Australian politicians |
17327666 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M43%20motorway%20%28Hungary%29 | M43 motorway (Hungary) | The M43 motorway () is a Hungarian motorway that runs from the junction with the M5 Motorway west of Szeged to the Romanian border at Nagylak via Makó. Since 2015 it connects Hungary with Romania as the first border crossing on a motorway between the two countries.
Openings timeline
1: Szeged; M5 – Szeged-north (3 km): 2005.12.10.
2/A: Szeged-north – Szeged-Sándorfalva (4.4 km): 2010.04.01.
2/B: Szeged-Sándorfalva – Szeged-Hódmezővásárhely (3.3 km): 2010.10.07.
2/C: Szeged-Hódmezővásárhely – Makó (23.9 km): 2011.04.09.
3: Makó – Csanádpalota ( border) (23.1 km): 2015.07.11.
Junctions, exits and rest area
The route is full length motorway. The maximum speed limit is 130km/h, with (2x2 lane road with stop lane).
Maintenance
The operation and maintenance of the road by Hungarian Public Road Nonprofit Pte Ltd Co. This activity is provided by this highway engineer.
near Makó, kilometre trench 35
Payment
From February 1, 2016, the M43 motorway is fully charged. The motorway can be used instead of the national sticker with the following county stickers:
European Route(s)
Significant artifacts
Bridge
Ferenc Móra Bridge (; ) over Tisza river
See also
Roads in Hungary
Transport in Hungary
International E-road network
External links
National Toll Payment Services Plc. (in Hungarian, some information also in English)
Hungarian Public Road Non-Profit Ltd. (Magyar Közút Nonprofit Zrt.)
National Infrastructure Developer Ltd.
43 |
17327674 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verba%20%28surname%29 | Verba (surname) | Verba is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Ross Verba (born 1973), American football player
Sidney Verba (1932-2019), American academic |
23571388 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garena | Garena | Garena is a Singaporean game developer and publisher of free online games. It is the digital entertainment arm of parent company Sea Ltd, which was formerly named Garena.
The company distributes game titles on Garena+ in various countries across Southeast Asia and Taiwan, including the multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) games League of Legends and Heroes of Newerth, the online football (soccer) game FIFA Online 3, the first-person shooter game Point Blank, the mobile MOBA game Arena of Valor and the mobile racing game Speed Drifters.
In 2017, it released Garena Free Fire, which had over 80 million daily active users globally as of May 2020.
History
Game developments
In November 2011, Garena announced its publishing rights for the team-based shooter game, Firefall, in Southeast Asia and Taiwan.
In December 2011, Garena announced their collaboration with online games developer, Changyou, to publish and operate the popular 3D martial arts game, Duke of Mount Deer, in Taiwan. The game was the first MMORPG game available through Garena+. The game combines a classic Chinese story with the latest 3D rendering technology and cinematic quality graphics. Duke of Mount Deer was created by several top online-gaming experts from China and South Korea and has gained much popularity in China. The same month, the "Dominion" game mode for Garena's League of Legends players in Singapore and Malaysia.
In 2012, it launched its first product, Garena+, an online game and social platform for people to discover, download and play online games.
In 2014, the World Startup Report valued Garena as a 1 billion internet company and ranked it as the largest internet company in Singapore.
Recent updates
In March 2015, the Ontario Teachers Pension Plan (OTPP), one of the largest pension funds in the world, invested in Garena, valuing the company at over US$2.5 billion.
In May 2017, Garena was renamed to Sea Limited. However, Garena was retained as a brand name of Sea Limited (aka Sea Group).
In October 2017, Sea Limited filed for an initial public offering on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and aimed to raise US$1 billion. Before the IPO, Tencent was the major shareholder of Sea Limited, for around 20% of outstanding shares and is currently at 18.7%. It was followed by Blue Dolphins Venture, established by Forrest Li, for 15%. Li personally owned 20% shares, and Chief Technology Officer, Gang Ye, 10%.
In January 2021, Garena acquired Vancouver-based Phoenix Labs, the developers of Dauntless. The acquisition did not affect the operations of Phoenix Labs or Dauntless, but helped Garena expand its international presence.
As of the second quarter of 2021, Garena recorded 725 million active users, 45% more than the year prior, while the number of paid users grew 85% year-on-year, reaching 92 million. The outlook for Garena is expected to decline in 2022, after reports in March 2022 suggested that Garena will post US$2.9 to US$3.1 billion in bookings for the year, down from US$4.6 billion in 2021. The muted forecast would be Garena's first decline in business ever. The ban imposed on its Free Fire title in India across both Google Play and Apple app stores has been cited as a contributory factor.
Products
Garena+ is an online game and social platform that has an interface similar to instant messaging platforms. Garena+ allows gamers to develop buddy lists, chat with friends online and check on game progress and achievements. Gamers can create their own unique identity by customizing their avatar or changing their names. Gamers are also able to form groups or clans, and chat with multiple gamers simultaneously through public or private channels through Garena+. Garena+ users use a virtual currency, Shells.
Other products include BeeTalk and TalkTalk.
Events and tournaments
In May 2012, Garena launched the Garena Premier League (GPL), a six-month-long online professional gaming league with more than 100 matches to be played. The first season of GPL is a League of Legends competition which comprises six professional teams. The teams are: the Bangkok Titans, KL Hunters, Manila Eagles, Saigon Jokers, Taipei Assassins and Singapore Sentinels, which represent top players from respective countries. GPL matches are captured and broadcast online along with commentaries, which are available for viewers to watch on the GPL official website.
In January 2013, Garena announced the second season of the Garena Premier League, which would start on 4 January 2013. Garena Premier League 2013 includes two new teams from Taiwan and Vietnam, bringing the total number of teams to eight. The teams are: AHQ, Saigon Fantastic Five (SF5), Bangkok Titans, KL Hunters, Manila Eagles, Saigon Jokers, Taipei Assassins and Singapore Sentinels.
In November 2014, the Garena e-Sports Stadium, a dedicated venue for esports, opened in Neihu District, Taipei. The studio was built partially to accommodate the beginning of the League of Legends Masters Series, the top-level Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau LoL league that was spin-off of the GPL.
In January 2015, Garena launched Iron Solari League, a women's League of Legends tournament in the Philippines. It is a monthly event organized in the second half of each month. It aims to encourage participation by under-represented groups and is open to all those who self-identify as female.
Besides competitive tournaments, Garena also organizes events to cater to users to meet and connect offline. This includes the annual Garena Carnival held in Singapore and Malaysia.
Controversies
On 3 February 2015, Garena eSports announced limitations on the number of gay and transgender people participating in a women-only League of Legends tournament, due to concerns that LGBT. participants might have an "unfair advantage". This led to gamers questioning the decision, while League of Legends developer Riot Games responded that "LGBT players are welcome at official LoL tourneys". On 4 February 2015, Garena apologized and subsequently removed the restrictions.
Published games
Garena provides a platform for game titles such as Defense of the Ancients and Age of Empires, and also publishes games, like multiplayer online battle arena games League of Legends, Heroes of Newerth, Free Fire, Call Of Duty and Black Shot for players in the region.
Garena-published games:
See also
List of game companies in Singapore
References
External links
Official website (Indonesian)
Official website (Taiwan)
2009 establishments in Singapore
Android (operating system) games
Companies of Singapore
iOS games
Mass media companies established in 2009
Multiplayer video game services
Singaporean brands
Singaporean social networking websites
Video game companies established in 2009 |
23571397 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%99e%C5%BEany%20I | Břežany I | Břežany I is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
The Roman numeral in the name serves to distinguish it from the nearby municipality of the same name, Břežany II.
Administrative parts
The village of Chocenice is an administrative part of Břežany I.
References
Villages in Kolín District |
23571398 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%99e%C5%BEany%20II | Břežany II | Břežany II is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 900 inhabitants.
The Roman numeral in the name serves to distinguish it from the nearby municipality of the same name, Břežany I.
References
Villages in Kolín District |
20464992 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20Northern%20Mariana%20Islands%20general%20election | 2009 Northern Mariana Islands general election | General elections were held in the Northern Mariana Islands on 7 November 2009, electing the Governor, the Legislature, four mayors, the Board of Education and nine municipal council members. There were also four referendums.
Background
A total of 16,146 voters registered to vote with the Commonwealth Election Commission for the 2009 election. That is a 15% increase in voters compared to the 15,118 people who registered to vote in the 2005 general election. Precinct 1 on Saipan, which includes the villages of San Antonio, San Vicente and Koblerville, had the most number of registered voters at 4,331. Voter registration ended on September 18, 2009.
A total of 109 candidates vied for the 43 elected positions in the Northern Mariana Islands in the 2009 election. The contested offices included the offices of governor & lieutenant governor, the twenty seats in the House of Representative, six (of nine) seats in the Senate as well as mayoral posts and various local offices.
At least 18,000 ballots designed to be read by counting machines were printed in Alabama for the 2009 election, according to the executive director of the Election Commission, Robert Guerrero.
Campaign
Major election issues included the Commonwealth's faltering economy and the federalization of the Northern Mariana Islands' immigration by the United States government.
Republican Hofschneider and his running mate, Palacios, challenged incumbent Governor Benigno Fitial and his running mate, Lieutenant Governor Eloy Inos, in the general election. Former legislator Juan "Pan" Guerrero ran as an independent, with sitting CNMI Rep. Joe Camacho as his running mate. Another former legislator, Ramon "Kumoi" Deleon Guerrero, campaigned as an independent, with former Education Commissioner David M. Borja as his running mate. The race was widely viewed as a rematch between Fitial and Hofschneider, who was narrowly defeated in 2005.
The gubernatorial candidates focused heavily on the estimated 3,000 Northern Mariana Islanders residing on the United States mainland, many of whom were eligible to vote be absentee ballot. Three of the four gubernatorial candidates - Governor Fitial, Hofschneider and Juan Pan Guerrero - attended a Labor Day festival for Northern Mariana Islanders in San Diego, California, in September 2009. Independent candidate Juan "Pan" Guerrero and his running mate, Joe Camacho, campaigned throughout the western United States in August and September. Guerrero and Camacho began campaigning in Salem and Portland, Oregon, before travelling to Seattle, Boise, Idaho, San Francisco, Las Vegas, San Diego and Honolulu.
Gubernatorial election
The incumbent governor Benigno R. Fitial of the Covenant Party, successfully ran for a second term; his running mate, Lt. Governor Eloy Inos, was elected to his first full term. Fitial faced three challengers in the November 7 general election: Republican nominee Heinz Hofschneider, independent Juan "Pan" Guerrero, and independent Ramon "Kumoi" Deleon Guerrero.
Because of a law signed by Governor Fitial on July 24, 2009, a runoff election between the candidates who received the highest and second-highest vote totals would be required if no candidate obtained more than 50% of the overall vote. Under this 2009 law, a runoff would occur 14 days after the results of the general election are certified by the Commonwealth Election Commission. This election indeed required a runoff, as neither Fitial nor Hofschneider garnered more than 50% of the vote in the November 7 election.
On election day, Republican challenger Hofschneider received 4,900 votes and incumbent Governor Fitial received 4,892 votes, therefore advancing to the runoff election held on November 23, 2009. Of the 13,784 total votes cast in the first round on November 7, Hofschneider led Fitial by just 8 votes, the closest gubernatorial election in the history of the Northern Mariana Islands. In the November 23 runoff election, Governor Fital was reelected by a 370-vote margin. With a margin of 2.8%, this election was the closest race of the 2009 gubernatorial election cycle.
Fitial was elected to serve a five-year term in office as governor instead of the normal four-year term, due to the Senate Legislative Initiative 16-11, which was one of the four ballot initiatives ratified in the November 7 election. Under the Senate Legislative Initiative 16-11, future general (including gubernatorial) elections will be held only in even-numbered years instead of odd-numbered years, such as 2009. Therefore, the next gubernatorial election took place in 2014 rather than 2013.
Candidates
Covenant Party
Benigno R. Fitial, incumbent Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands (serving since 2006) and former Northern Mariana Islands Representatives (including tenure as Speaker of the House)
Lieutenant Governor Eloy Inos is Fitial's running mate. Inos was appointed and confirmed as Lt. Governor on May 1, 2009, following the resignation of Timothy Villagomez.
Republican Party
Former Northern Mariana Governor Juan N. Babauta, a Republican, declared his intention to run for governor and challenge Fitial in January 2009. His running mate was Galvin Deleon Guerrero, a member of the CNMI Board of Education.
Babauta was then defeated in the Republican primary by sitting CNMI Rep. Heinz Sablan Hofschneider, a former Speaker of the House, for the Republican Party nomination. Hofschneider's running mate is CNMI Rep. Arnold Indalecio Palacios, the current Speaker of the House.
Before the Republican primary, which was held on June 27, 2009, Hofschneider and Babauta signed a unity pledge, with each candidate pledging to support the winner of the primary. Hofschneider won the primary on June 27 with about 53% of the votes cast. Hofschneider won at six of the eight precincts. After the results were announced, the candidates convened and embraced; Babauta threw his support to Hofschneider and said that he would accept the people's decision. After Babauta had asked his supporters to vote for Hofschneider in the general election, Hofschneider called Babauta and his supporters "a crucial part of the campaign toward November."
Independents
Juan "Pan" Guerrero, chairman of the board for the Northern Marianas Retirement Fund (serving 2006-2009); former Northern Mariana Islands Senator (serving 1986-1990) and Representative (serving 1984-1985)
Joe Camacho is Guerrero's running mate. Camacho is currently a Republican Representative and Floor Leader of the Northern Mariana Islands House of Representatives.
Ramon "Kumoi" Deleon Guerrero, former Northern Mariana Islands Senator (serving 2000-2004)
David Borja, a former Education Commissioner, is Guerrero's running mate.
Democratic Party
For the first time in its history, the Democratic Party of the Northern Mariana Islands did not nominate a candidate for Governor in 2009. The only offices which were contested by the Democrats in 2009 were certain seats in the legislature and the mayorship of Saipan.
Polling
Election day
Polls on election day opened at 7 a.m. on November 7, 2009. Three of the four gubernatorial candidates cast their ballots in the morning at Garapan Elementary School in Garapan, Saipan. Incumbent Governor Benigno Fitial and First Lady Josie Fitial voted at 7:10 a.m., Ramon "Kumoi" Deleon Guerrero arrived at the school at 7:20 a.m. and independent candidate Juan Pan Guerrero voted after 9 a.m. Republican candidate Heinz Hofschneider also voted at Garapan Elementary School at 6 p.m. later that day. An estimated 84% of registered voters participated in the election.
In the November 7 general election, Republican challenger Heinz Hofschneider received 4,900 votes and incumbent Governor Benigno Fitial received 4,892 votes, therefore both advanced to the runoff election slated for November 23, 2009. A total of 13,784 votes were cast in the first round. Hofschneider led Fitial by just eight votes, the closest gubernatorial election in the history of the Northern Mariana Islands. Independent candidates Juan Pan Guerrero and Ramon "Kumoi" Deleon Guerrero came in 3rd and 4th place respectively and, therefore, did not qualify for the second runoff election.
Under a 2009 law signed by Governor Benigno Fitial, a runoff election is required within fourteen days of the if no candidate obtained 50% of the popular vote plus 1. Since neither Fitial nor Hofschneider garnered more than 50% of the vote, a runoff date was set for November 23, 2009.
Runoff
The Commonwealth Election Commission certified the results of the general election on November 9 and set the date of the runoff election between Fitial and Hofschneider for Monday, November 23. In a November 17 memorandum, Governor Fitial declared November 23 a legal holiday in the Northern Mariana Islands to encourage voter turnout.
The candidates qualifying for the runoff on November 23, 2009, were incumbent Covenant Party Governor Benigno Fitial and Republican candidate, Rep. Heinz Hofschneider. The incumbent ticket of Fitial-Inos campaigned for re-election on a theme of "proven leadership and proven experience," while the rival Hofscneider-Palacios campaign advocated a "change in leadership" to voters.
Both the Fitial and Hofschneider campaigns reached out to supporters of the independent candidates who did not qualify for the November 23rd runoff, Juan Pan Guerrero and Ramon "Kumoi" Deleon Guerrero. The support of these independent voters was considered vital both Fitial's and Hofschneider's candidacies.
Former independent candidate Juan "Pan" Guerrero declined to endorse either Fitial or Hofschneider in one-page statement released on November 13, 2009. Instead, Guerrero, who came in third in the gubernatorial election, called on CNMI voters, especially his supporters, to support the candidate who best "represents a better future for themselves, their families, and the Commonwealth." Guerrero further elaborated that, "As soon as it was clear that I would not be in the runoff election, I urged supporters to make their own choices about whom to support-Ben and Eloy or Heinz and Arnold." In his statement, Guerrero noted that he make no further public statements concerning the election before the runoff.
Guerrero running mate in the 2009 election, Joe Camacho, issued his own statement on November 12 endorsing the Covenant Party ticket of Governor Benigno Fitial and Lt. Governor Eloy Inos for re-election. Camacho's brother, Clyde Norita, who was the chairman for the Executive Committee to Elect Juan Pan and Joe Camacho, also endorsed Fitial and Inos.
Former independent candidate Ramon "Kumoi" Deleon Guerrero, who came in fourth place in the general election, endorsed Heinz Hofschneider and Arnold Palacios for governor and lt. governor. Deleon Guerrero cited the wishes of his supporters and support for reforms advocated by Hofschneider, as well as alleged broken promises by the Fitial administration, for his endorsement. He further cited similarities between his own campaign and Hofschneider's messages, "Hofschneider and Palacios have whole-heartedly embraced these visions. They have even taken to heart, our campaign theme of "Time For Change." Deleon Guerrero stated that Fitial had failed to deliver on a number of promises during his term in office, such as economic growth, improved healthcare and the removal of fuel surcharges.
However, Deleon Guerrero's running mate, former Education Commissioner David Borja, endorsed Governor Fitial for re-election. Fitial was also endorsed by the Deleon Guerrero-Borja campaign chairman, Rudy R. Sablan, and seven other senior members of the campaign team.
On December 8, after all ballots had been counted, Fitial was declared the victor in the runoff. He and Inos received 6,610 votes, while Hofschneider and Palacios received 6,240 votes.
Results
Legislature
All 20 seats in the Northern Mariana Islands House of Representatives were contested in the election. Six seats in the Northern Mariana Islands Senate were up for election.
Before the 2009 election, the Republican Party controlled the 20-member House of Representatives with a 12-seat majority. The Senate was controlled by the Covenant Party in a coalition with the Democrats and a lone independent.
Senate
House
Mayoral elections
All four mayoral posts were up for election across the Commonwealth.
There were nine candidates for mayor on the island of Saipan: Republican Donald Flores, who won the election, as well as Covenant candidate Marian Tudela, Democrat Angelo Villagomez, and Independent candidates Candy Taman, Joe Sanchez, Roman Benavente, Juan Demapan, Tony Camacho and Lino Tenorio.
Board of Education
Tinian and Aguiguan
Saipan
Other elected offices
Voters also elected nine municipal council members.
Referendums
Education system
References
Referendums in the Northern Mariana Islands
2009 referendums |
23571400 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%ADrkvice%20%28Kol%C3%ADn%20District%29 | Církvice (Kolín District) | Církvice is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Kolín District |
20465002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragan%20Tsankov%20Boulevard | Dragan Tsankov Boulevard | Dragan Tsankov Boulevard () is a large boulevard in Bulgaria's capital Sofia. It is named after the Bulgarian politician Dragan Tsankov. It stretches from the intersection with Evlogi Georgiev Boulevard, north of which it is called Graf Ignatiev Street, and the junction with G. M. Dimitrov Boulevard, south of which it is called St Clement of Ohrid Boulevard. The Perlovska River flows under the boulevard at the junction with Evlogi Georgiev Boulevard.
Landmarks along the boulevard are the Bulgarian National Radio building, Faculty of Biology of the Sofia University, University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Sofia Municipal Court. The Borisova Gradina TV Tower is located at the junction with Peyo Yavorov Boulevard. From there do the intersection with G. M. Dimitrov Boulevard are situated the Russian Embassy, Park Hotel Moskva, World Trade Center - Sofia, the Transport Police Department of Sofia Police. The red line of the Sofia Metro runs under the boulevard north of Joliot-Curie Metro Station and on a viaduct south of it.
Streets in Sofia |
23571401 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dob%C5%99ichov | Dobřichov | Dobřichov is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 800 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Kolín District |
23571402 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doln%C3%AD%20Chvatliny | Dolní Chvatliny | Dolní Chvatliny is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 500 inhabitants.
Dolní Chvatliny is located southwest of Kolín and east of Prague.
Administrative parts
Villages of Horní Chvatliny and Mančice are administrative parts of Dolní Chvatliny.
History
The first written mention of Chvatliny, when Dolní Chvatliny and Horní Chvatliny have not yet been distinguished, is from 1250.
References
Villages in Kolín District |
23571404 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese%20submarine%20I-31 | Japanese submarine I-31 | The Japanese submarine I-31 was one of 20 Type B cruiser submarines of the B1 sub-class built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) during the 1940s.
Design and description
The Type B submarines were derived from the earlier KD6 sub-class of the and were equipped with an aircraft to enhance their scouting ability. They displaced surfaced and submerged. The submarines were long, had a beam of and a draft of . They had a diving depth of .
For surface running, the boats were powered by two diesel engines, each driving one propeller shaft. When submerged each propeller was driven by a electric motor. They could reach on the surface and underwater. On the surface, the B1s had a range of at ; submerged, they had a range of at .
The boats were armed with six internal bow torpedo tubes and carried a total of 17 torpedoes. They were also armed with a single /40 deck gun and two single mounts for Type 96 anti-aircraft guns. In the Type Bs, the aircraft hangar was faired into the base of the conning tower. A single catapult was positioned on the forward deck.
Career
November 1942 I-31 was spotted doing doing reconnaissance with its seaplane off Suva, Fiji.
On 12 May 1943 I-31 torpedoed attacked the USS Pennsylvania and the USS Santa Fe (CL-60) nine miles northeast of Holtz Bay, all missed.
On 12 May 1943, near Holtz Bay, Attu, her periscope was sighted by American destroyers, and , who immediately opened fire. I-31 dove quickly but not before Edwards scored hits. The destroyers quickly made sonar contact and began a series of depth charge attacks until, after surviving for 10 hours, she was sunk by Frazier on 13 May.
Notes
References
External links
1941 ships
1943 in Alaska
World War II submarines of Japan
Japanese submarines lost during World War II
Ships built by Yokosuka Naval Arsenal
Ships of the Aleutian Islands campaign
Shipwrecks of the Alaska coast
Type B1 submarines
World War II shipwrecks in the Pacific Ocean
Maritime incidents in May 1943 |
23571405 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dom%C3%A1novice | Dománovice | Dománovice is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Kolín District |
23571406 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doubrav%C4%8Dice | Doubravčice | Doubravčice is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,100 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Kolín District |
23571409 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drahobudice | Drahobudice | Drahobudice is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Kolín District |
23571410 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landgericht | Landgericht | Landgericht may refer to:
Landgericht (Germany), a mid-level court in the present-day judicial system of Germany
For example,
Landgericht Berlin
Landgericht Bremen
Landgericht (medieval), a regional magistracy in the Holy Roman Empire |
23571411 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grunta | Grunta | Grunta is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 90 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Kolín District |
23571412 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hrade%C5%A1%C3%ADn | Hradešín | Hradešín is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Kolín District |
20465016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plunketts%20Creek%20Bridge%20No.%203 | Plunketts Creek Bridge No. 3 | Plunketts Creek Bridge No. 3 was a rubble masonry stone arch bridge over Plunketts Creek in Plunketts Creek Township, Lycoming County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. It was built between 1840 and 1875, probably closer to 1840, when the road along the creek between the unincorporated villages of Barbours and Proctor was constructed. Going upstream from the mouth, the bridge was the third to cross the creek, hence its name.
The bridge was long, with an arch that spanned , a deck wide, and a roadway width of . It carried a single lane of traffic. In the 19th century, the bridge and its road were used by the lumber, leather, and coal industries active along the creek. By the early 20th century, these industries had almost entirely left, and the villages declined. The area the bridge served reverted mostly to second growth forest and it was used to access Pennsylvania State Game Lands and a state pheasant farm.
Plunketts Creek Bridge No. 3 was considered "significant as an intact example of mid-19th century stone arch bridge construction", and was added to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) on June 22, 1988. Although it was repaired after a major flood in 1918, a record flood on January 21, 1996, severely damaged the bridge, and it was demolished in March 1996. Before the 1996 flood about 450 vehicles crossed it each day. Later that year, a replacement bridge was built and the old stone structure was documented by the Historic American Engineering Record. It was removed from the NRHP on July 22, 2002.
History
Early inhabitants and name
Plunketts Creek is in the West Branch Susquehanna River drainage basin, the earliest recorded inhabitants of which were the Susquehannocks. Their numbers were greatly reduced by disease and warfare with the Five Nations of the Iroquois, and by 1675 they had died out, moved away, or been assimilated into other tribes. The West Branch Susquehanna River valley was subsequently under the nominal control of the Iroquois, who invited displaced tribes, including the Lenape (Delaware) and Shawnee to live in the lands vacated by the Susquehannocks. The French and Indian War (1754–1763) led to the migration of many Native Americans westward to the Ohio River basin. On November 5, 1768, the British acquired the New Purchase from the Iroquois in the Treaty of Fort Stanwix, including what is now Plunketts Creek. The first settlement along the creek by European colonists took place between 1770 and 1776.
Plunketts Creek is named for Colonel William Plunkett, a physician, who was the first president judge of Northumberland County after it was formed in 1772. During conflicts with Native Americans, he treated wounded settlers and fought the natives. Plunkett led a Pennsylvania expedition in the Pennamite-Yankee War to forcibly remove settlers from Connecticut, who had claimed and settled on lands in the Wyoming Valley also claimed by Pennsylvania. For his services, Plunkett was granted six tracts of land that totaled on November 14, 1776, although the land was not actually surveyed until September 1783. Plunkett's land included the creek's mouth, so Plunketts Creek was given his name. He died in 1791, aged about 100, and was buried in Northumberland without a grave marker or monument (except for the creek that bears his name).
Lycoming County was formed from Northumberland County in 1795. When Plunketts Creek Township was formed in Lycoming County in 1838, the original name proposed was "Plunkett Township", but Plunkett's lack of active support for the American Revolution some years earlier had led some to believe his loyalty lay with the British Empire. The lingering suspicion of his loyalist sympathies led to the proposed name being rejected. Naming the township for the creek rather than its namesake was seen as an acceptable compromise.
Villages and road
In 1832, John Barbour built a sawmill on Loyalsock Creek near the mouth of Plunketts Creek. This developed into the village of Barbours Mills, today known as Barbours. In the 19th century, Barbours had several blacksmiths, a temperance hotel, post office, many sawmills, a school, store and wagon maker. In 1840, a road was built north from Barbours along Plunketts Creek, crossing it several times. This is the earliest possible date for construction of the bridge, but the surviving county road docket on the construction mentions neither bridges nor fords for crossing the creek.
The bridge is at the mouth of Coal Mine Hollow, and the road it was on was used by the lumber and coal industries that were active in Plunketts Creek Township during the 19th and early 20th centuries. Creeks in the township supplied water power to 14 mills in 1861, and by 1876 there were 19 sawmills, a shingle mill, a woolen factory, and a tannery. By the latter half of the 19th century, these industries supported the inhabitants of two villages in Plunketts Creek Township.
In 1868 the village of Proctorville was founded as a company town for Thomas E. Proctor's tannery, which was completed in 1873. Proctor, as it is now known, is north of Barbours along Plunketts Creek, and the main road to it crossed the bridge. The bark from eastern hemlock trees was used in the tanning process, and the village originally sat in the midst of vast forests of hemlock. The tannery employed "several hundred" workers at wages between 50 cents and $1.75 a day. These employees lived in 120 company houses, which each cost $2 a month to rent. In 1892, Proctor had a barber shop, two blacksmiths, cigar stand, Independent Order of Odd Fellows hall, leather shop, news stand, a post office (established in 1885), a two-room school, two stores, and a wagon shop.
The road between Barbours and Proctor crosses Plunketts Creek four times and the four bridges are numbered in order, starting from the southernmost in Barbours near the mouth and going upstream. While evidence such as maps indicates that the third bridge was constructed close to 1840, the first definitive proof of its existence is a survey to relocate the road between the second and third bridges in 1875. The first bridge over Plunketts Creek was replaced with a covered bridge in 1880, and the second bridge was replaced in 1886. That same year, the road between the second and third bridges was moved again, returning to its original position on the west side of the creek.
Finished sole leather was hauled over the bridge by horse-drawn wagon south about to Little Bear Creek, where it was exchanged for "green" hides and other supplies brought north from Montoursville. These were then hauled north across the bridge into Proctor. The hides, which were tanned to make leather, came from the United States, and as far away as Mexico, Argentina, and China. Hemlock bark, used in the tanning process, was hauled to the tannery from up to away in both summer and winter, using wagons and sleds. The lumber boom on Plunketts Creek ended when the virgin timber ran out. By 1898, the old growth hemlock was exhausted and the Proctor tannery, then owned by the Elk Tanning Company, was closed and dismantled.
20th century
Small-scale lumbering continued in the watershed in the 20th century, but the last logs were floated under the bridge down Plunketts Creek to Loyalsock Creek in 1905. In 1918, a flood on the creek damaged the road for on both sides of the bridge, and caused "settling and cracking of the bridge itself". The bridge had needed repairs and reconstruction. In 1931, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania passed legislation that gave the state responsibility for the costs of road and bridge maintenance for many highways belonging to local municipalities. This took effect in 1932, relieving Plunketts Creek Township and Lycoming County of the responsibility.
Without timber and the tannery, the populations of Proctor and Barbours declined, as did traffic on the road and bridges between them. The Barbours post office closed in the 1930s and the Proctor post office closed on July 1, 1953. Both villages also lost their schools and almost all of their businesses. Proctor celebrated its centennial in 1968, and a 1970 newspaper article on its 39th annual "Proctor Homecoming" reunion called it a "near-deserted old tannery town". In the 1980s, the last store in Barbours closed, and the former hotel (which had become a hunting club) was torn down to make way for a new bridge across Loyalsock Creek.
Plunketts Creek has been a place for lumber and tourism since its villages were founded, and as industry declined, nature recovered. Second growth forests have since covered most of the clear-cut land. Pennsylvania's state legislature authorized the acquisition of abandoned and clear-cut land for Pennsylvania State Game Lands in 1919, and the Pennsylvania Game Commission (PGC) acquired property along Plunketts Creek for State Game Lands Number 134 between 1937 and 1945. The main entrance to State Game Lands 134 is just north of the bridge site, on the east side of the creek.
The PGC established the Northcentral State Game Farm in 1945 on part of State Game Lands 134 to raise wild turkey. The farm was converted to ringneck pheasant production in 1981, and, as of 2007, it was one of four Pennsylvania state game farms that produced about 200,000 pheasants each year for release on land open to public hunting. The Northcentral State Game Farm is chiefly in the Plunketts Creek valley, just south of Proctor and north of the bridge. The opening weekend of the trout season brings more people into the village of Barbours at the mouth of Plunketts Creek than any other time of the year.
On June 22, 1988, the bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), as part of the Multiple Property Submission (MPS) of Highway Bridges Owned by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Transportation, TR. The MPS included 135 bridges owned by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT), 58 of which were of the stone arch type. While the individual NRHP form for the bridge cites a 1932 inspection report (the year that the state took over its maintenance), the MPS form mistakenly gives the bridge's date of construction as 1932.
Flood and destruction
In January 1996, there was major flooding throughout Pennsylvania. The 1995–1996 early winter was unusually cold, and considerable ice buildup formed in local streams. A major blizzard on January 6–8 produced up to of snow, which was followed on January 19–21 by more than of rain with temperatures as high as and winds up to . The rain and snowmelt caused flooding throughout Pennsylvania and ice jams made this worse on many streams. Elsewhere in Lycoming County, flooding on Lycoming Creek in and near Williamsport killed six people and caused millions of dollars in damage.
On Plunketts Creek, ice jams led to record flooding, which caused irreparable major damage to the mid-19th century stone arch bridge. Downstream in Barbours, the waters were deep in what was then called the village's "worst flood in history". Plunketts Creek Bridge No. 3 was one of two destroyed in Lycoming County, and on January 31 a photograph of the damaged bridge was featured on the front page of the Williamsport Sun-Gazette with the caption "This old stone arch bridge over Plunketts Creek must be replaced." In neighboring Sullivan County, the Sonestown Covered Bridge, also on the NRHP, was so damaged by the flood that it remained closed for repairs until late December 1996. Throughout Pennsylvania, these floods led to 20 deaths and 69 municipal- or state-owned bridges being either "destroyed or closed until inspections could verify their safety".
When it became clear that the bridge could not be repaired, PennDOT awarded an emergency contract for a temporary bridge before the end of January, citing "emergency vehicles that can no longer travel directly from Barbours" to Proctor and beyond. The temporary bridge cost $87,000 and was wide. The photographs for the bridge's inclusion in the Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) were taken in January, and the HAER "documentation package was prepared as mitigation for the emergency demolition" of the bridge, which was collapsed in March. The permanent replacement bridge was completed in 1996, and the old bridge was removed from the NRHP on July 22, 2002.
Description and construction
Plunketts Creek Bridge No. 3 was a rubble masonry stone arch bridge, oriented roughly east–west over Plunketts Creek. Its overall length was and its single semi-circular arch spanned . The bridge deck width was , and its roadway was wide, which could accommodate only a single lane of traffic. Just before the flood that led to the bridge's destruction, about 450 vehicles crossed the bridge daily. The outside corners of the wing walls were apart, which combined with the overall length of led to a total area of being listed on the NRHP.
The bridge rested on abutments which had been jacketed with concrete after its original construction. The arch was supported by voussoirs made of "irregular rubble stone", without a keystone. There was also no stone giving the date or other construction information. The approaches were flanked by wing walls constructed of riprap stones, and the spandrel walls were topped by parapets made of "rough, crenellated stones". The bridge's road deck rested directly on the top of its arch. This led to a "narrow wall at the arch crown" and a "protruding rock parapet" atop this spandrel wall on either side. Most stone arch bridges have solid parapets without decoration; this bridge's parapet crenellation was an ornamental feature. The parapet construction and appearance made the bridge unique among the 58 Pennsylvania stone arch bridges with which it was nominated for the NRHP.
Pennsylvania has a long history of stone arch bridges, including the oldest such bridge in use in the United States, the 1697 Frankford Avenue Bridge over Pennypack Creek in Philadelphia. Such bridges typically used local stone, with three types of finishing possible. Rubble or third-class masonry construction used stones just as they came from the quarry; squared-stone or second-class masonry used stones that had been roughly dressed and squared; and ashlar or first-class masonry used stones which had been finely dressed and carefully squared. Rubble masonry was the quickest and cheapest for construction, and had the largest tolerances. Many of the oldest stone bridges in Pennsylvania were built using rubble masonry techniques.
Stone bridge construction started with the excavation of foundations for the abutments. Then a temporary structure known as a center or centering would be built of wood or iron. This structure supported the stone arch during construction. Once the stone arch was built, the spandrel walls and wing walls could be added. Then the road bed was built, with fill (loose stones or dirt) added to support it as needed. Wall and arch stones were generally set in place dry to ensure a good fit, then set in mortar. Once the bridge was complete and the mortar had properly hardened, the center was gradually lowered and then removed. In March 1996, after standing for between 156 and 121 years, the arch of Bridge No. 3 finally collapsed.
Note
a. The January 1996 flood which destroyed Plunketts Creek Bridge No. 3 was surpassed by flooding associated with remnants of Tropical Storm Lee in September 2011. In the nearby village of Shunk in Fox Township, Sullivan County, Lee dumped of rainfall. Plunketts Creek has no stream gauge, but just downstream of its mouth the gauge on the Loyalsock Creek bridge at Barbours was a record on September 7, 2011 (for comparison, the January 20–21, 1996 flood crest was ). The 2011 flooding destroyed a small stone bridge on Wallis Run Road in Proctor over a tributary of Plunketts Creek.
See also
List of bridges documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in Pennsylvania
List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
References
Bridges completed in 1875
Bridges in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania
Road bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
Demolished bridges in the United States
Historic American Engineering Record in Pennsylvania
Road bridges in Pennsylvania
National Register of Historic Places in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania
Stone arch bridges in the United States |
23571413 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chotutice | Chotutice | Chotutice is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 500 inhabitants.
History
The first written mention of Chotutice is from 1100.
References
Villages in Kolín District |
23571414 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cho%C5%A5ovice | Choťovice | Choťovice is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Kolín District |
23571415 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chr%C3%A1%C5%A1%C5%A5any%20%28Kol%C3%ADn%20District%29 | Chrášťany (Kolín District) | Chrášťany is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Bylany and Chotouň are administrative parts of Chrášťany.
Notable people
Procopius of Sázava (?–1053), saint; born here according to legend
References
Villages in Kolín District |
23571416 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jest%C5%99ab%C3%AD%20Lhota | Jestřabí Lhota | Jestřabí Lhota is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 500 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Kolín District |
23571417 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kbel%20%28Kol%C3%ADn%20District%29 | Kbel (Kolín District) | Kbel is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The village of Kbílek is an administrative part of Kbel.
References
Villages in Kolín District |
20465022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20Honduran%20general%20election | 2009 Honduran general election | General elections were held in Honduras on 29 November 2009, including presidential, parliamentary and local elections. Voters went to the polls to elect:
A new President of Honduras to serve a four-year term starting on 27 January 2010.
128 members to serve a four-year term in the National Congress.
Representatives in municipal (local) governments.
The possibility of having a "fourth ballot box" (Spanish: cuarta urna) at the 29 November election regarding the convocation of a National Constituent Assembly constituted a major element of the 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis.
Campaigning
Preceding the planned November elections, the 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis (ouster of president Manuel Zelaya) occurred, bringing the legitimacy of the elections into doubt.
Campaigning by candidates took place for the three months prior to 29 November in the context of conflict between the de facto government, the de jure government, and resistance to the de facto government, mostly coordinated by the National Resistance Front.
Nearly one month of this campaign period was covered by the Micheletti de facto government Decree PCM-M-016-2009, signed on 22 September 2009 and rescinded on 19 October 2009. The decree suspended five constitutional rights: personal liberty (Article 69), freedom of expression (Article 72), freedom of movement (Article 81), habeas corpus (Article 84) and freedom of association.
Hundreds of candidates, including presidential candidate Carlos H. Reyes, renounced their candidacy citing scepticism that the same military that overthrew the elected president could be trusted to run a free and fair election five months later.
Presidential candidates
The candidates of the two main political parties were former presidential candidate Porfirio Lobo Sosa of the National Party and former vice-president Elvin Santos of the Liberal Party. The trade unionist Garifuna leader Bernard Martínez Valerio was the Innovation and Unity Party (PINU) candidate. Martínez was the first black presidential candidate in the history of Honduras, according to PINU. Another trade union leader, Carlos Humberto Reyes, one of the coordinators of the Frente Nacional de Resistencia Contra el Golpe de Estado en Honduras, was an independent candidate for the election but formally withdrew in order not to legitimise the coup d'état and what he and his supporters perceived would be fraudulent elections.
The table below shows all six continuing and withdrawn candidates, in the order published by the Supreme Electoral Tribunal.
Opinion polls
A pre-election poll conducted between 23 and 29 August 2009 by COIMER & OP showed a relative majority (41%) who would not declare a voting preference or would not vote in favour of any of the six candidates. By mid-October this had dropped to a minority (29%) according to a CID-Gallup poll. Porfirio Lobo's support increased from 28% in August to 37% in October, and Elvin Santos' support increased from 14% to 21%. According to the two polls, Carlos H. Reyes' support dropped from 12% to 6%, while the other three candidates increased from 1–2% support in August to 2–3% in October. A popularity rating question in the COIMER & OP August poll, concerning positive, average and negative opinions towards presidential candidates and other prominent people, found that Porfirio Lobo had more negative than positive popularity (34% versus 30%), as did Elvin Santos (45% versus 19%) and the de facto President Roberto Micheletti (56% versus 16%) and César Ham (20% versus 16%). Carlos H. Reyes had more positive than negative ratings (25% versus 14%), as did de jure President Manuel Zelaya (45% versus 26%).
Conduct
Over thirty thousand security personnel were involved in running the election, including 12,000 military, 14,000 police officers and 5000 reservists. Mayors were requested by the army to provide lists of "enemies" (Spanish: enemigos) of the electoral process in order to "neutralise" them (Spanish: neutralizarlos).
Amnesty International protested to the Honduran de facto government about violations of habeas corpus on 28 and 29 November. One of the people who were disappeared was Jensys Mario Umanzor Gutierrez, last seen in police detention early on the morning of 30 November. Amnesty International (AI) stated that no courts, including the Supreme Court, were available to receive a petition for habeas corpus. AI also referred to two men arrested under terrorism charges and beaten, and 14 minors detained under decree PCM-M-016-2009 for gathering in groups of more than four persons, and later freed without charges. AI also said that human rights organizations in Honduras "suffered attacks and acts of intimidation".
On election day, police and military suppressed an anti-election rally in San Pedro Sula, with reports of one death plus injuries and arrests. There were also reports that employees of government agencies and private businesses were being told that they would be fired if they did not vote.
The European Parliament did not send observers. However, observers were sent by the centre-right European People's Party, who reported a "high degree of civic maturity and exemplar democratic behaviour" during the elections.
Despite few outside legal observers, the International Republican Institute and the National Democratic Institute were there as American observers. The IRI supported the projections of 61% from the interim government and the Supreme Electoral Tribunal. The NDI has so far not commented on their projection of the vote turnout, however have commented on an independent, local Honduran observer part-funded by USAID, the Hagamos Democracia who put the turnout on 48%. The NDI commented that they had a low margin of error on what percentage of the votes were allocated to the candidates as they had successfully projected the vote's outcome: 56 percent for Lobo and 38 percent for Santos. He also said a 48 percent turnout would be consistent with a trend of increasing abstention in Honduras. Turnout was 55 percent in the 2005 election that brought Zelaya to office, 10 percentage points lower than in the previous election. Official turnout was revised down to 49%, a figure consistent with the TSE's own internal figures on election day but over which it had preferred to announce the entirely unfounded but rather more politically convenient 61%, as was caught on video at the time. 49% incidentally, is also a decline on the 55% 2005 election turnout.
Results
President
Porfirio Lobo Sosa, popularly known as Pepe Lobo, of the opposition conservative National Party was elected to succeed Micheletti. Early reports gave Lobo over 50% of the popular vote, with Elvin Santos the closest opponent with around 35%. While some regional nations did not accept the election as valid, others including the United States have supported its legitimacy. While exiled President Manuel Zelaya called for a boycott of the election, turnout ranged from around 30% in poorer areas to 70% in more wealthy communities. Lobo hinted that charges against Zelaya would be dropped.
National Congress
Reactions
Organisations and individuals in Honduras, including the National Resistance Front against the coup d'État in Honduras, Marvin Ponce of the Democratic Unification Party, and Bertha Oliva of Comité de Familiares de Detenidos Desaparecidos en Honduras, and internationally, including Mercosur, President Cristina Kirchner of Argentina and
the Union of South American Nations, said that elections held on 29 November under Micheletti would not be recognized.
Honduras
Hundreds of people made a noisy drive-by protest in Tegucigalpa on 1 December to symbolise their rejection of the elections and to highlight that the turnout estimates of over 60% were inaccurate. Zelaya's aide Carlos Reina called for the elections to be cancelled.
In early November 2009, Dagoberto Suazo of the National Resistance Front against the coup d'État in Honduras asked for the international community to continue to refuse to recognise the planned 29 November elections. Marvin Ponce, a member of Congress from the Democratic Unification Party, said that it was not possible to hold the elections in the aftermath of the coup d'état. Bertha Oliva of COFADEH criticised the United States government for stating that Honduras could hold "free elections in less than three weeks" when "Hondurans [were being] subjected to arbitrary arrest, the closure of independent media, police beatings, torture and even killings by security forces". Oliva claimed that it was not possible to have an election campaign when the right to freedom of assembly, freedom of movement and press freedom were absent. She called for elections to be delayed until at least three months after human rights and democracy are restored.
On 6 November 2009, following the failure of Micheletti and Zelaya to together create a "unity cabinet", Zelaya called for a boycott of the 29 November election.
On 9 November 2009, following a national meeting of leaders of the National Resistance Front against the coup d'état, presidential candidate Carlos H. Reyes declared the withdrawal of his candidacy, on the grounds of not legitimising the coup d'état and fraudulent elections. At the time of Reyes' withdrawal, the Honduran newspapers El Tiempo and La Tribuna showed Reyes' right hand in a plaster cast due to an injury sustained during his 30 July beating by Honduran security forces under the control of the de facto Micheletti government. At least 30–40 candidates from various parties and independent candidates, including at least one National Party candidate, Mario Medrano in San Manuel, Cortés, also withdraw in protest. Mario Medrano stated that he withdrew his candidature in order not to legitimise the coup d'état, that this was independent of party membership, and that anyone elected could be removed [if the coup d'état remained legitimate].
Canadian investigative journalist Jesse Freeston released a series of three videos before and after the elections them of being "coup laundering". In the final video, "Honduran Elections Exposed", Freeston separately interviews two members of the Honduran Supreme Electoral Tribunal. The engineer in charge of the count says that 49% of Hondurans had turned out to vote. Meanwhile, the spokesman for the tribunal told Freeston that roughly 65% had turned out. Freeston concludes that nobody knows how many Hondurans turned out, since all four major international election observers (UN, EU, Carter Center, and OAS) all refused to participate. The videos also exposed the police attack on an anti-election protest in San Pedro Sula, the arrest of a man for possession of anti-election posters in Tegucigalpa, a letter the military sent to all the mayors in Honduras seeking contact information of anyone involved in the National People's Resistance Front, the shutting down of anti-coup media outlets Radio Globo and Canal 36, and the targeted assassinations of anti-coup community organizers.
International
Mercosur declared on 24 July 2009 that it would not recognise the results of the planned November elections or any other elections organised under Micheletti. President Cristina Kirchner of Argentina stated, "We must condemn any benevolent coup attempt, that is, when through a civilian-military coup legitimate authorities are ousted followed by attempts to legalize the situation by calling new elections. This would be the death kiss for the OAS democratic charter and turning the Mercosur democratic charter in mere fiction". On 10 August, the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) also declared that it would not recognise the results of elections held while the de facto Micheletti government remained in power. On 17 August, President Felipe Calderón of Mexico, together with Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, made a similar statement. On September 3, the US State Department issued a statement revoking all non-humanitarian assistance to Honduras and said, of the November 29 elections "At this moment, we would not be able to support the outcome of the scheduled elections".
The U.S. has since changed position and announced that it will recognize the results of the election as a part of the San Jose-Tegucigalpa Accord. Prior to the elections, the OAS advanced a resolution that would have refused to recognize its results. Initially, the U.S. administration pushed for the return of Zelaya, however, subsequently back-tracked on a threat not to recognize the election. The OAS resolution was ultimately blocked by the United States. The U.S. State Department rejected appeals by other Organization of American States (OAS) member nations to condemn what many perceived to be a fraudulent election and, instead, declared the contest "free, fair and transparent." The International Republican Institute, an organization linked to the United States Republican Party, also declared the elections had been "free of violence and overt acts of intimidation". The victory of Porfirio Lobo Sosa was quickly recognized by the United States, which increased military and police aid to the government, despite much of Latin America continuing to view him as an illegal pretender to the Honduran presidency.
In the days preceding the elections, Israel, Italy, Colombia, Panama, Peru, Germany, Costa Rica and Japan also announced their intentions to recognize the results of the elections.
On 30 November at the 19th Ibero-American Summit in Estoril, Portugal the governments of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Spain, Uruguay, and Venezuela announced they would not recognize the elections whereas Colombia, Costa Rica and Panama said that they would. On 7 December the five Mercosur member states once again ratified their decision of not recognizing the election of Porfirio Lobo.
References
Honduras
Elections in Honduras
2009 in Honduras
Presidential elections in Honduras
November 2009 events in North America
Election and referendum articles with incomplete results |
20465052 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timothy%20Schedl | Timothy Schedl | Timothy Schedl (born 1955 in Iowa City, Iowa) is a professor of genetics at Washington University in St. Louis.
Biography
Early life and education
Timothy Bruce Schedl was born in 1955 to University of Iowa chemistry professor Harold Schedl and professor of art Naomi Schedl. He has two brothers, Andrew Schedl and Paul Schedl. He received his degree from Lawrence University in 1977.
Career
In 1990, he and his wife, Amy moved to St. Louis where he occupied the same position that he does now. The Schedl lab studies germline development of the soil nematode C. elegans, and uses genetic, molecular, and cellular approaches to investigate germcell proliferation and entry into meiosis, progression through meiotic prophase, meiotic maturation and ovulation, and germline sex determination.
Schedl has published 33 papers with various people in his lab and his field. One of his pictures also ended up as the cover of Science.
Marriage and children
He was married to his wife Amy in 1974, and now also has two children, Will and Maggie.
References
Schedl Lab; http://www.genetics.wustl.edu/tslab/
1955 births
Living people
American geneticists
Washington University in St. Louis faculty
Lawrence Technological University alumni |
20465055 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bear%20Swamp%20Preserve | Bear Swamp Preserve | Bear Swamp Preserve is a Nature Conservancy preserve and National Natural Landmark in Westerlo, New York. It consists of a pond and surrounding of swamp and woodland. It is recognized for its great laurel tree population. It has two nature trails totaling about in length.
See also
List of National Natural Landmarks in New York
References
External links
The Nature Conservancy: Bear Swamp Preserve
National Natural Landmarks in New York (state)
Geography of Albany County, New York
Nature Conservancy preserves in New York (state) |
20465072 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20John%20Glenn%20Story | The John Glenn Story | The John Glenn Story is a 1962 American short documentary film directed by Michael R. Lawrence about the astronaut John Glenn. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short.
References
External links
, posted by NASA
1962 films
1962 short films
1962 documentary films
American short documentary films
English-language films
Documentary films about the space program of the United States
Films about astronauts
1960s short documentary films
John Glenn |
20465076 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS%20Porcupine%20%281807%29 | HMS Porcupine (1807) | HMS Porcupine was a Royal Navy of 24 guns, launched in 1807. She served extensively and relatively independently in the Adriatic and the Western Mediterranean during the Napoleonic Wars, with her boats performing many cutting out expeditions, one of which earned for her crew the Naval General Service Medal. She was sold for breaking up in 1816 but instead became the mercantile Windsor Castle. She was finally sold for breaking up in 1826 at Mauritius.
Design
Porcupine was rated a 24-gun ship and the original plan was that she would mount that number of long 9-pounder guns on her main deck plus two 6-pounder guns on her forecastle. She also carried ten 24-pounder carronades on her quarterdeck and forecastle. By the time that Captain Henry Duncan commissioned her in March 1807, the Admiralty had added two brass howitzers to her armament, while exchanging her 9-pounders for 32-pounder carronades. Her complement was increased by twenty to 175 officers, men and boys.
Service
Porcupine entered service in March 1807, operating in the Mediterranean Fleet during the Napoleonic Wars under the command of Captain Henry Duncan. Detached to serve on independent command in the Adriatic Campaign, Porcupine fought numerous minor actions with shore batteries and coastal merchant ships.
Adriatic
On 23 September 1807, she captured Fortuna. Then on 7 October Porcupine chased a trabaccolo into the harbour of Zupaino on Šipan (Giuppana), the largest of the Elaphiti Islands. That evening Duncan sent his boats, under the command of Lieutenant George Price, with Lieutenant Francis Smith, into the harbour where they captured and brought out the trabaccolo, which was the Venetian gunboat Safo. She was armed with a 24-pounder gun and some swivel guns, and had a crew of some 50 men, all under the command of enseigne de vaisseau Anthonio Ghega. She was well moored to the shore and was expecting an attack. Even so, once the British arrived, most of the crew jumped overboard. Safo belonged to a division of gunboats deployed to protect the coast and had been sent out from Ragusa (Dubrovnik) three days earlier. Also, before entering the harbour, the British captured a guard boat with one 4-pounder swivel gun. Despite the resistance, Porcupine had only two men wounded.
Between 23 September and 23 November, Porcupine captured some 40 enemy vessels, most of which were carrying grain and wine between Ragusa and Catero (Kotor). Duncan received intelligence that the French were going to fortify the island of Curzola. He therefore kept Porcupine between the island and Ragusa. On 27 November Lieutenant Price in the cutter captured two small vessels sailing from Ragusa; small arms fire from the shore wounded one man. Two days later Price went into the harbour of Zuliano where he destroyed several small vessels and wine in warehouses that was intended for French troops. He brought out the only vessel afloat, a trabaccolo carrying a cargo of wool. As he was leaving the port another trabaccolo approached and before Porcupine could intercept it, Price had captured it too. She was sailing from Ragusa to Curzola with military stores, including two 6½" brass mortars, two 5½" brass howitzers, four new carriages for 18-pounder guns, together with material for constructing a shore battery as well as shot and shell. Duncan was able to get the guns and most of the stores on to Porcupine before a gale came up, which forced him to destroy the two trabaccolos.
Porcupines next exploit occurred on 7 January 1808. After a chase of eight hours, Porcupine captured the French transport Saint Nicolo. She was armed with two guns, had a crew of 16 sailors, and also had on board 31 soldiers from the 6th Regiment of the Line. She was 36 hours out of Tarento. Finding out from the prize that another vessel had left four hour earlier, Duncan set out to find her in the channel between Paxos and Corfu. He was successful in intercepting his quarry, which turned out to be Madonna del Carmine. She was armed with six guns, had a crew of 20 men, and was carrying 33 soldiers, also from the 6th Regiment. Both vessels were on their first voyage and were carrying cargoes of grain and gunpowder for the garrison at Corfu.
Western Mediterranean
Next, Duncan was ordered to cruise in the Western Mediterranean off Naples and continued his successful operations against coastal shipping. Following the outbreak of the Peninsular War, Duncan was ordered to take the Duke of Orléans to Cadiz. Duncan refused and was subject to disparaging comments about his age, although he was later proven correct in his assessment. In June 1808, Robert Elliott was appointed to replace Duncan; however, some months elapsed before he was able to do so.
On 23 June a French vessel exited Civitavechia and tried to elude Porcupine. However, Porcupine succeeded in running her ashore between two towers, each armed with two cannons. Lieutenant Price took in the boats and succeeded in destroying her, without suffering any casualties and despite heavy fire from the towers. The vessel was from Ischia and was sailing with a cargo of wine.
Two days later, Porcupine was off the island of Monte Christo when a daylight she encountered a French schooner. After an 11-hour chase, Porcupine succeeded in capturing her about four leagues south of Bastia. The French crew abandoned their vessel and escaped before Porcupine could take possession of her. She was Nouvelle Enterprise, three weeks old, pierced for 14 guns but only mounting six. She was 24 hours out of Leghorn and was carrying bale goods for Scala Nova in Turkey.
However, on 9 July Duncan spotted an enemy merchant vessel, and her escorts, two gunboats, each armed with a 24-pounder gun, all sailing along the coast. Porcupine was becalmed off Monte Circello, Romania so Duncan sent in her boats. After rowing eight hours in the heat, the boats succeeded in driving the merchant vessel on shore and the gunboats to take shelter under the guns of two shore batteries at Port d'Anzo (Anzio). Three more French vessels arrived and succeeded in getting into the harbour. One of the vessels was a large polacca of six guns, and she anchored a little further out than the other vessels. That evening Duncan sent in the boats again to cut her out. The polacca, which had a crew of some 20-30 men, was expecting an attack and had tied her to the beach. French soldiers were on the beach, and the polacca was within close range of the batteries, a tower, and the gunboats. Still, the British succeeded in capturing her and getting her out to sea, though it took them about an hour and twenty minutes to do so. The polacca had been sailing from Hieres Bay to Naples with a cargo of salt. In the attack, the British suffered eight men wounded, including Lieutenant Price, who was severely injured in his head and leg. He received a promotion to commander for this and earlier achievements in some 30 boat actions. In 1847 the Admiralty issued the Naval General Service Medal with clasp "10 July Boat Service 1808" to all surviving claimants from the action.
On 10 July, Porcupine captured Madonna de Rosario. Eleven days later, Porcupine ran a French polacca ashore near Monte Circello. Lieutenant Smith took in the boats and destroyed the polacca, which was of about 200 tons burthen (bm) and which had been carrying a cargo of iron hoops and staves. The cutting out expedition suffered no casualties though it came under fire from a tower with two guns located no more than a pistol-shot away.
After dark on 8 August, Porcupine, still under the command of Duncan, had her cutter and jolly boat under Lieutenant Francis Smith cut out a vessel she had run ashore on the island of Pianosa. The cutting out party was successful, bringing out Concepcion, which was armed with four guns. She had been lying within 30 yards of a tower and a shore battery of six guns. She was also defended by soldiers on the beach and one of her guns which she had landed. She had been carrying bale goods from Genoa to Cyprus. The action cost Porcupine one man killed, and a lieutenant and eight men severely wounded, with three men later dying of their wounds. Smith might have received a promotion for this and prior actions but Duncan's letter to Admiral Collingwood was lost and the duplicate arrived only after Collingwood had died in March 1810.
Channel
By 14 July 1810, Elliot had assumed command of Porcupine. On that day the sailing master for Porcupine impressed an American sailor, Isaac Clark, from Jane out of Norfolk, Virginia. Elliott tore up the seaman's protection (a document attesting to his being an American citizen and so exempt from British impressment), declaring the man an Englishman. Over the next few weeks Elliott had Clark whipped three times (each whipping consisting of 24 lashes) when Clark refused to go on duty, and held in irons on bread and water. After nine weeks Clark surrendered. He served on Porcupine for two and a half years, being wounded in an engagement with a French frigate. Eventually he was transferred to and then to a hospital due to ongoing problems with his wound. There the American consul was able to get him released and discharged, a copy of the protection having been forwarded from Salem, Massachusetts. Clark further testified that there were seven Americans aboard Porcupine, three of whom had agreed to serve.
In 1811, Porcupine was ordered to sail to Brazil and returned to Portsmouth. She was at Portsmouth on 31 July 1812 when the British authorities seized the American ships there and at Spithead on the outbreak of the War of 1812. She therefore shared, with numerous other vessels, in the subsequent prize money for these vessels: Belleville, Aeos, Janus, Ganges, and Leonidas.
Porcupine later joined the squadron off Bordeaux, assisting the British advance during the Peninsular War. Porcupine, while under command of Captain John Goode and carrying the flag of Rear-Admiral Charles Penrose, through early 1814 operated against French coastal positions and squadrons.
On the morning of 23 February 1814, she and the other vessels of Penrose's flotilla assisted the British Army in its crossing of the Ardour river, near Bayonne. In this service two of Porcupines seamen drowned, as did some others from the flotilla when boats overturned crossing the bar on the coast.
On 2 April Captain Goode, who had ascended the Gironde above Pouillac, sent Porcupines boats, under the orders of Lieutenant Robert Graham Dunlop, to pursue a French flotilla that was proceeding down from Blaye to Tallemont. As the British boats approached them, the French flotilla ran on shore under the cover of about 200 troops from Blaye who lined the beach. Dunlop landed with a party of seamen and marines and drove the French off. The landing party remained until the tide allowed them to take away most of the French vessels. The British captured a gun-brig, six gun-boats, one armed schooner, three chasse-marées, and an imperial barge, and burned a gun-brig, two gun-boats, and a chasse-marée. Total British casualties were two seamen missing and 14 seamen and marines wounded.
Porcupine returned to Plymouth from Bordeaux on 6 September 1814. On 4 November she sailed to the Coast of Africa and thence to the Cape of Good Hope before coming back to Sierra Leone on 29 April 1815.
On 16 October 1815 Porcupine arrived at Deal and sailed for the river to be paid off. She arrived at Woolwich on 6 November and was paid off and laid up in ordinary. Although there were some plans for her to serve on the South America station, she never sailed again for the Royal Navy. Porcupine was sold at Woolwich Dockyard in April 1816 for breaking up.
Merchantman and loss
However, rather than breaking her up, J. Short & Co., purchased her, converted her to a merchantman and renamed her Windsor Castle. Her owners traded with India under a license from the British East India Company The supplemental pages for Lloyd's Register for 1816 show her master as "Hornblower", and her trade as London-India. In 1818 her master was T. Hoggart and her trade was London-Bengal.
On 1 June 1826, she put into Mauritius leaking badly. There she was surveyed, condemned as a constructive total loss, and sold for breaking up. , Lamb, master, was engaged to take Windsor Castles cargo.
Post script
In January 1819, the London Gazette reported that Parliament had voted a grant to all those who had served under the command of Lord Viscount Keith in 1812, between 1812 and 1814, and in the Gironde. Porcupine was listed among the vessels that had served under Keith in 1813 and 1814. She had also served under Kieth in the Gironde.
Notes, citations, and references
Notes
Citations
References
Ships of the Old Navy
External links
1807 ships
Banterer-class post ships
Ships of the British East India Company
Age of Sail merchant ships
Merchant ships of the United Kingdom
Ships built on the River Exe
Maritime incidents in June 1826 |
17327678 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979%20Copa%20Libertadores | 1979 Copa Libertadores | The 1979 Copa Libertadores represented the 20th edition of the tournament, which saw Olimpia of Paraguay win the title for the first time, the first time a team from a country outside Uruguay, Argentina or Brazil won the tournament. This allowed the Paraguayan side to play the Intercontinental Cup against Malmö FF of Sweden, in which the South American side won.
Qualified teams
Argentina
Boca Juniors (1978 Libertadores Champion)
Independiente (Champion of Campeonato Nacional Argentino 1978)
Quilmes (Champion of Campeonato Metropolitano Argentino 1978)
Bolivia
Bolívar (Champion of Campeonato Boliviano 1978)
Jorge Wilsterman (Runners-up of Campeonato Boliviano 1978)
Brazil
Guarani (Champion of Campeonato Brasileiro 1978)
Palmeiras (Runners-up of Campeonato Brasileiro 1978)
Chile
Palestino (Champion of Campeonato Chileno 1978)
O’Higgins (Winner Liga Pre-Libertadores 1978)
Colombia
Millonarios (Champion of 1978 Campeonato Profesional)
Deportivo Cali (Runners-up of 1978 Campeonato Profesional)
Ecuador
El Nacional (Champion of Campeonato Ecuatoriano 1978)
Técnico Universitario (Runners-up of Campeonato Ecuatoriano 1978)
Paraguay
Olimpia (Champion of Campeonato Paraguayo 1978)
Sol de América (Runners-up of Campeonato Paraguayo 1978)
Peru
Alianza Lima (Champion of Campeonato Peruano 1978)
Universitario (Runners-up of Campeonato Peruano 1978)
Uruguay
Peñarol (Champion of Liga Pre-Libertadores 1978)
Nacional (Runners-up of Liga Pré-Libertadores 1978)
Venezuela
Portuguesa (Champion of Campeonato Venezuelano 1978)
Galicia (Runners-up of Campeonato Venezuelano 1978)
Group stage
Boca Juniors, of Argentina skips to semifinals as current champions.
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4
Group 5
Semifinals
Group A
Group B
Finals
Champion
Top-scorers
6 goles
Juan José Oré (Universitario)
Miltäo (Guaraní)
External links
Sitio oficial de la CONMEBOL
Libertadores 1979 at RSSSF.com
1
Copa Libertadores seasons |
17327699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grosvenor%20Shopping%20Centre | Grosvenor Shopping Centre | The Grosvenor Shopping Centre (for a time known as The Mall Grosvenor or The Mall Chester) is a large shopping precinct in Chester, England. It hosts around 70 stores. Whereas most of the central shopping area of Chester consists of historic streets, The Mall provides undercover shopping to complement the wide range of shops in other locations around the city. It consists of some Edwardian buildings with modern covered shopping malls. It was owned by The Mall Fund, and carried their corporate branding. It was sold sometime in 2009 and the name Grosvenor Shopping Centre reinstated by the new owners.
References
Shopping centres in Cheshire
Buildings and structures in Chester
Shops in Chester |
20465077 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lies%20Across%20America | Lies Across America | Lies Across America, a 1999 book by James Loewen, is a sequel to his 1995 work Lies My Teacher Told Me. The book focuses on historical markers and museums across the United States, arguing that every historic site is "a tale of two eras": the one from when the event happened and the one from when the event was commemorated.
The survey starts on the West Coast and moves east, a deliberate break from the traditional American history found in textbooks, which begin with the Pilgrims and follow westward expansion. In the book, Loewen prioritized Native American history and the Spanish colonization of the Americas over that of other European colonization.
Loewen's book voices two major complaints about historical markers in the United States. The first deals with historical markers established in the Southern United States that attempt to whitewash the history of slavery and the period of Reconstruction. Many of these markers were established between 1890 and 1920, the nadir of American race relations. Most were placed by organizations with pro-Confederate agendas and reflect the racism of the early 20th century. While some markers have been altered in the last 40 years as a result of civil rights progress, many have not, especially those at American Civil War battle sites and in the South.
Loewen's second major complaint deals with the treatment of Native Americans, who are often neglected and omitted in the telling of American history. The author challenges and corrects many of the inaccurate and Eurocentric mistruths spread by historical markers across America.
At the end of his book, Loewen makes suggestions for how those concerned about the misrepresentation of history can change markers and monuments to convey historical truth and accuracy. The organizations running historical sites are faulted in Loewen's book according to Wilton Corkern.
References
External links
Review in The American Prospect
Excerpt in The New York Times
1999 non-fiction books
History books about the United States
Historical markers in the United States
Historical revisionism |
17327726 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariq%20Niazi | Tariq Niazi | Tariq Masood Niazi (15 March 1940 – 20 April 2008) was a Pakistani field hockey player between 1961 and 1969 and member of the Olympic team. Niazi was part of the 1964 games in Tokyo where they won a silver medal and the 1968 games in Mexico City where they won the gold. He competed in the Asian Games. Mianwali’s municipal hockey stadium was renamed Tariq Niazi Hockey Stadium in Niazi's honor.
Niazi died on 20 April 2008 of a cardiac arrest.
References
External links
Tariq Niazi – databaseOlympics Page
Pakistan Hockey Team
1940 births
2008 deaths
Pakistani male field hockey players
Olympic field hockey players of Pakistan
Olympic gold medalists for Pakistan
Olympic silver medalists for Pakistan
Olympic medalists in field hockey
Medalists at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Field hockey players at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Field hockey players at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Asian Games medalists in field hockey
Field hockey players at the 1962 Asian Games
Field hockey players at the 1966 Asian Games
Pashtun people
Asian Games gold medalists for Pakistan
Asian Games silver medalists for Pakistan
Medalists at the 1962 Asian Games
Medalists at the 1966 Asian Games |
20465089 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pine%E2%80%93cypress%20forest | Pine–cypress forest | Pine–cypress forest is a type of mixed conifer woodland in which at least one species of pine and one species of cypress are present. Such forests are noted in several parts of North America including Florida and California.
California occurrences
California occurrences of pine–cypress forest are typically along Pacific coastal headlands. Understory species in these California pine–cypress forests include salal and western poison oak.
Florida occurrences
Many of the Florida occurrences of pine–cypress forest are in swampy areas such as the Everglades.
See also
Pygmy forest
References
Cupressaceae
Pinaceae |
17327736 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home%20Farm%20Twins | Home Farm Twins | Home Farm Twins is a series of children's books written by Jenny Oldfield. The books were later successfully adapted into a television series for the BBC, with Polly Duniam and Sophie Duniam cast as the twins. The television series proved so popular that the books were re-packaged as TV tie-ins.
The books
Speckle the Stray
Sinbad the Runaway
Solo the Homeless
Susie the Orphan
Spike the Tramp
Snip and Snap the Truants
Sunny the Hero
Socks the Survivor
Stevie the Rebel
Samson the Giant
Sultan the Patient
Sorrel the Substitute
Skye the Champion
Sugar and Spice the Pickpockets
Sophie the Show-Off
Silky the Foundling
Scott the Braveheart
Spot the Prisoner
Shelley the Shadow
Star the Surprise
Specials
Scruffy the Scamp
Stanley the Troublemaker
Smokey the Mystery
Stalky the Mascot
Samantha the Snob
At Stonelea
Mitch goes Missing
Maisea wants her Mum
Mac Climbs a Mountain
Television series
The television series ran for three seasons from 7 January 1999 until 30 March 2000 with repeats of the three seasons shown in 2001.
Home Farm Twins follows the adventures of twins Hannah and Helen around the local countryside in this series dramatized by Elly Brewer from the Home Farm books by Jenny Oldfield.
The first season started with the Moore family moving from London to the country village of Doveton. Hannah is a dreamer and an idealist, much more 'girly' than her tomboy sister Helen, who is more outspoken, daring and sarcastic.
The girls quickly got to know the locals and began a long-term friendship with Sam from Crackpot Farm who teased them for being 'townies' but still loved to join in their adventures but Sam had dreams elsewhere and dropped a bombshell on the twins during Season 3 by announcing he was to leave Doveton.
The twins' mother, Mary, is famous for making cakes at the Curlew Cafe which is the business she started up after moving to Doveton, while her husband, David, is a wildlife photographer and studies animals. The twins' parents had a baby girl during Season 3. The girls learned that animals were no longer the only ones who needed looking after and promptly watched their baby sister on numerous occasions, getting into big trouble for regular accidents involving their methods. The final season broadcast on the BBC ended with the twins facing the realities of growing up and looking back at their time spent living on Home Farm and wondering what life had in store for them next.
Television series cast
Polly Duniam as Hannah Moore
Sophie Duniam as Helen Moore
Jacquetta May as Mary Moore
Martin Ball as David Moore
Ben Evans as Sam
References
External links
1999 British television series debuts
2000 British television series endings
1990s British children's television series
2000s British children's television series
Series of children's books
British children's novels
BBC children's television shows
English-language television shows |
23571418 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004%20Rink%20Hockey%20Men%27s%20B%20World%20Championship | 2004 Rink Hockey Men's B World Championship | The 2004 Rink Hockey Men's B World Championship was the 36th edition of the Rink Hockey B World Championship, held from October 16 to 23, in Macau.
The champion was Catalonia, that had obtained a FIRS provisional membership few months before the tournament. However, FIRS did not endorse final acceptance of Catalonia for subsequent editions.
Format
Competition's schedule included 11 countries, divided in two groups, but North Korea withdrew a few days before the opening.
Matches
All times are Macau local time (UTC+8).
Group stage
Group A
Group B
9th and 10th places
5th place bracket
Championship Knockout stage
Final standings
B
Rink Hockey Men's B World Championship
Men's B World Championship
International sports competitions hosted by Macau
Roller hockey in Macau
International roller hockey competitions hosted by China |
23571419 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kl%C3%A1%C5%A1tern%C3%AD%20Skalice | Klášterní Skalice | Klášterní Skalice is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Kolín District |
23571420 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klu%C4%8Dov%20%28Kol%C3%ADn%20District%29 | Klučov (Kolín District) | Klučov is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,100 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Lstiboř, Skramníky and Žhery are administrative parts of Klučov.
References
Villages in Kolín District |
23571423 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%99enice | Kořenice | Kořenice is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Chotouchov and Pučery are administrative parts of Kořenice.
References
Villages in Kolín District |
23571428 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crkvari | Crkvari | Crkvari is a village in north-eastern Slavonia, situated in municipality town of Orahovica, Virovitica-Podravina County, Croatia.
Population
References
CD-rom: "Naselja i stanovništvo RH od 1857-2001. godine", Izdanje Državnog zavoda za statistiku Republike Hrvatske, Zagreb, 2005.
Populated places in Virovitica-Podravina County |
23571430 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krakovany%20%28Kol%C3%ADn%20District%29 | Krakovany (Kolín District) | Krakovany is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 900 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The village of Božec is an administrative part of Krakovany.
References
Villages in Kolín District |
23571432 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Tersolo | Charles Tersolo | Charles Tersolo (born 1974 in Rochester, New Hampshire) is a Boston artist and member of the Copley Society of Art. He paints much of his works outdoors, or en plein air in the tradition of Corot, Monet, and American Impressionists such as Childe Hassam. The coloring of his works is closer to the broad palette of the Boston School of painters, who mix American impressionist technique with more traditional coloring and paint application.
His largest public work is a Synthetic Impressionist piece of the Harvard Footbridge. This 9 foot by 4.5 feet high painting resides in the lobby of the Harvard Doubletree Hotel. Other public works include a painting of the South End of Boston in the Back Bay Hilton of Boston.
Subject matter covered by this artist includes Provincetown, Boston, Paris, the Grand Canyon, Santa Fe, Monument Valley, Valley of the Gods, New York City, San Francisco, Portland, Cape Elizabeth, and Mount Desert Island, Maine, and Portsmouth, New Hampshire.
References
20th-century American painters
American male painters
21st-century American painters
Living people
People from Rochester, New Hampshire
1974 births
20th-century American male artists |
23571437 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS%20Deltargentino | SS Deltargentino | SS Deltargentino may refer to one of two Type C3-P&C ships built for the United States Maritime Commission by Bethlehem Sparrows Point Shipyard and intended for the Mississippi Shipping Company:
(MC hull number 50), designated for transfer to the United States Navy as transport USS J. W. McAndrew (AP-47), but instead went to United States Army as USAT J. W. McAndrew; collided with in 1945; sold for commercial use in 1947; scrapped 1972
(MC hull number 152), transferred to the United States Navy as transport USS Monrovia (AP-64); later converted to an attack transport and redesignated APA-31; scrapped 1968
Ship names |
23571438 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHDO-CD | WHDO-CD | WHDO-CD, virtual channel 38 (UHF digital channel 36), is a low-powered, Class A Mega TV-affiliated television station licensed to Orlando, Florida, United States. The station is owned by Western Pacific Broadcast, LLC. Its transmitter is located near the SR-417 and Florida's Turnpike intersection, along with low-powered Azteca America affiliate WATV-LD and WURF's FM translator W279DI. It previously broadcast programming from Tuff TV until that network ceased operations on August 26, 2018.
External links
HDO-CD
Low-power television stations in the United States |
23571440 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christophe%20Veyrier | Christophe Veyrier | Christophe Veyrier (25 June 1637 – 10 June 1689) was a French sculptor, the nephew and follower of Pierre Puget.
Veyrier was born in Trets, Bouches-du-Rhône, France. He arrived in Genoa in 1663 and stayed for a number of years, before moving to Rome to live from 1668-70. In 1674 he married the daughter of the sister of Puget's wife.
He worked in Aix-en-Provence, then settled in Toulon, where he lived until his death in 1689. In one of his most important commissions, he created religious statues for the Chapel of Corpus Domini in Toulon Cathedral. He also worked at Montpellier. Statues of ancient and mythological subjects are attributed to him, including the white marble relief of the family of Darius displayed at Stowe House in England. The most recent studies attribute to him the statue of the Immaculate Conception in Tivoli Cathedral (according to older literature the statue was formerly attributed to Puget himself).
His sculptures are held by the Musée d'Art, Toulon; the Musée Granet, Aix-en-Provence; the Musée du Louvre, Paris; the Victoria and Albert Museum, London; and the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
External links
Brief Biography
Photos of some of Veyrier's sculptures
17th-century French sculptors
French male sculptors
Artists from Toulon
1637 births
1689 deaths |
23571442 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Fullarton%20Arnott | James Fullarton Arnott | James Fullarton Arnott (29 April 1914 – 22 November 1982) was a Scottish professor, author, and theatrical director.
Arnott was born in Glasgow, Scotland, on 29 April 1914. His parents were Hezekiah Merricks Arnott and Susie Willock Fullarton. He attended the Ardrossan Academy. Arnott graduated from the University of Glasgow with a Master of Arts in 1936. He went on to attend Merton College, Oxford, where he received his Master of Letters, and Peterhouse, Cambridge. He also studied at the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama. James Fullarton Arnott died in 1982.
Career
After teaching at Hull University, Arnott became an assistant lecturer in the English department at the University of Glasgow in 1939. In 1952, he directed a production of Murder in the Cathedral. In 1962, Arnott became a Senior Lecturer at Glasgow. He then directed Shakespeare's comedy Love's Labour's Lost in 1964. That same year he also became an editor of the journal that would later become known as Theatre Research International. In 1966, Arnott became the first Head of the Drama Department at Glasgow. He went on to direct several plays, including the Play of Daniel and Curlew River in 1968 and The Forrigan Reel in 1970. He wrote English Theatrical Literature 1559-1900 in 1970.
The University of Glasgow granted Arnott the rank of Reader in 1971 and Professor in 1973. He served as President of the International Federation for Theatre Research from 1975 through 1979. Arnott also served as the Chairman of the Drama Committee of the Scottish Arts Council from 1976 through 1979. He was a member of the Arts Council of Great Britain from 1977 through 1979. From 1980 until his death in 1982, Arnott was a member of the UK National Commission for UNESCO. The University of Glasgow renamed its Chair of Drama the "James Arnott Chair" in 1996.
Notes
1914 births
1982 deaths
Alumni of the University of Glasgow
Alumni of Merton College, Oxford
Alumni of Peterhouse, Cambridge
Alumni of the Royal Conservatoire of Scotland
British theatre directors
Scottish theatre directors
Scottish scholars and academics
Writers from Glasgow |
23571452 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS%20Delorleans | SS Delorleans | SS Delorleans may refer to one of two Type C3-P&C ships built for the United States Maritime Commission by Bethlehem Sparrows Point Shipyard and intended for the Mississippi Shipping Company:
(MC hull number 49), delivered to Mississippi Shipping in August 1940; acquired by the United States Navy as transport USS Crescent City (AP-40) in June 1941; later converted to an attack transport and redesignated APA-21; served as training ship Golden Bear for the California Maritime Academy; as Artship, she was scrapped in 2012
(MC hull number 151), transferred to the United States Navy as transport USS Calvert (AP-65); later converted to an attack transport and redesignated APA-32; later scrapped
Ship names |
20465095 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310%20Uzbek%20parliamentary%20election | 2009–10 Uzbek parliamentary election | Parliamentary elections were held in Uzbekistan on 27 December 2009 and 10 January 2010 to elect the 150 members of the Legislative Chamber of Uzbekistan, the lower house of the Oliy Majlis. Of these, 135 were directly elected from single member constituencies using the two-round system, while 15 seats were reserved for the country's Ecological Movement. Provincial and district councils were elected at the same time. Polls opened at 6 am Uzbekistan Time (0100 UTC) and closed at 8 pm UZT (1500 UTC).
The Uzbekistan Liberal Democratic Party (O'zlidep) was reconfirmed as the largest single party in the Legislative Chamber, with 55 deputies. The other parties permitted to participate in the elections were the People's Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (32 deputies), the Uzbekistan National Revival Democratic Party (Milliy Tiklanish, 31 deputies) and the Justice Social Democratic Party (Adolat, 19 deputies).
The elections were monitored by over 270 observers from 36 countries and representatives of four international missions. The election monitoring arm of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) did not send a full mission, saying none of its earlier recommendations had been implemented: an OSCE assessment mission observed voting at several polling places, but did not do comprehensive vote monitoring. Veronica Szente Goldston, Human Rights Watch Advocacy Director for Europe and Central Asia, said the pre-election situation in Uzbekistan has been marked by intense repression by the government: "Human rights are violated everywhere around the country, there is no political competition, all the parties that are running for this election are supporting the government."
Campaign
A candidate for election had to belong to a registered party and collect a minimum of 40,000 signatures. Several opposition politicians have alleged that all candidates also had to be approved by the government before they would be placed on the ballot. The four registered parties were:
Adolat (Justice Social Democratic Party), with 123 candidates and 10 seats in the outgoing legislative chamber;
Milliy Tiklanish (Uzbekistan National Revival Democratic Party), with 125 candidates and 29 seats in the outgoing legislative chamber;
People's Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (PDP), with 134 candidates and 28 seats in the outgoing legislative chamber;
Uzbekistan Liberal Democratic Party (O'zlidep), with 135 candidates and 41 seats in the outgoing legislative chamber.
The election campaign consisted of 15- to 20-minute television programs each day for four days, as well as a second program called "Election – Mirror of Democracy". Transcripts from these shows were reprinted in newspapers, and billboards also appeared touting the upcoming choice that Uzbeks had to make. The four parties have publicly criticized each other, mainly over social policy, while praising President Islam Karimov's achievements. Freedom House, a US-based human rights organization, says the discussions appeared on television for the first time, which was a positive development, but that "We have some evidence from Uzbek activists that those debates were scripted. And even if not – these parties don't know themselves who they are, they have no ideology."
Ecological Movement
The Ecological Movement of Uzbekistan elected its 15 legislators at a congress, also held on 27 December, one from each territorial subdivision of Uzbekistan (Republic of Karakalpakstan, provinces and Tashkent city) plus one member from the executive committee of the Central Council of the Ecological Movement. Delegates to the congress were elected in equal numbers at the conferences of each of the territorial branches of the Ecological Movement.
Turnout
There were 17,215,700 eligible voters for the 2009 parliamentary elections. By 1 pm UZT (0800 UTC), 57.3% (9,879,195 voters) had cast their vote, ensuring that the election would be valid under Uzbekistani election law (33% minimum turnout required). By 5 pm UZT (1200 UTC), 79.4% (13,670,387 voters) had cast their votes. Final turnout for the first round (based on provisional figures) was 87.8% (15,108,950 voters).
On 24 December, all 16 million mobile phone users in Uzbekistan received an SMS informing them of the forthcoming elections. According to an Uzbek living in exile in the United States, "there are certain groups of the population which are under pressure and they are compelled to participate in the election – students, teachers, government employees."
For the second round on 10 January 2010, the electorate was 4,969,547. Of these, 16.3% (812,502 voters) were reported to have voted by 9 am UZT (0300 UTC), just three hours after polling stations had opened. The final turnout (based on provisional figures) when polls closed at 8 pm UZT (1500 UTC) was 79.7% (3,960,876 voters).
Results
Preliminary results were announced by the Central Election Commission on 29 December. Results were declared in 96 out of the 135 electoral districts; in the remaining 39 districts, no candidate obtained an overall majority of votes, and so a second round of voting was held in 10 January 2010. Final results were announced by the Central Election Commission on 13 January 2010.
Notes
References
External links
Central Election Commission of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan
Elections in Uzbekistan
2009 parliamentary
Election and referendum articles with incomplete results |
17327776 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mats%20Zuccarello | Mats Zuccarello | Mats André Zuccarello Aasen (born 1 September 1987) is a Norwegian professional ice hockey winger for the Minnesota Wild of the National Hockey League (NHL). Nicknamed the "Lizard", he has also played for the New York Rangers and Dallas Stars.
Prior to joining the NHL, Zuccarello previously played for Modo Hockey in the Swedish Elite League. In 2010, he won the Guldhjälmen (Golden Helmet), awarded annually to the most valuable player in the Swedish Hockey League. He is regarded as one of the most successful Norwegian players to play in the NHL.
Early life
Zuccarello grew up in the suburbs of Løren in Oslo and began playing hockey at age five. After several years at Hasle-Løren, he began playing for Vålerenga, where he stayed until the end of lower secondary school. By that time, he had been scouted by Frisk Asker, which offered him a scholarship at the Norwegian College of Elite Sport, which he accepted.
Zuccarello is of Italian descent from his mother's side. He has a younger brother, Fabian, who plays in the Norwegian First Division, and a step brother, Robin Dahlstrøm, who played in both Sweden and Norway before retiring in 2021.
Playing career
Norway and Sweden
Zuccarello began playing full-time for Frisk in the GET-ligaen, Norway's premiere league, as an 18-year-old. He scored 8 points over 21 games as a rookie in 2005–06. The following season, he improved to 59 points over 43 games, third in league scoring behind Jonas Solberg Andersen and Mathis Olimb. In 2007–08, Zuccarello helped Frisk to the best regular season record in the league. Zuccarello finished third in league scoring a second consecutive season with 64 points, as he and Frisk teammates Chris Abbott, Cam Abbott and Marcus Eriksson ranked as the top four GET-ligaen scorers. Zuccarello added 27 points in 15 playoff games as Frisk advanced to the Finals, where they were defeated in six games by the Storhamar Dragons.
After three seasons in the GET-ligaen, Zuccarello signed with Modo Hockey of the Elitserien, Sweden's premier league. In his first season with Modo, he ranked third in team scoring with 40 points in 35 games. The following season, he led the team with 23 goals. With a league-leading 64 points, he was awarded the Guldhjälmen as the league's most valuable player, as voted by Elitserien players.
New York Rangers
In the summer of 2010, Zuccarello was signed as a free agent by the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League (NHL) to a two-year, entry-level contract. He began the 2010–11 season with the Hartford Wolf Pack/Connecticut Whale, the Rangers' American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, to adapt to the North American style of hockey and rink dimensions. On 22 December 2010, he was called up to the Rangers following an injury to right winger Marián Gáborík. He made his NHL debut on 23 December 2010 against the Tampa Bay Lightning, becoming the seventh Norwegian player to play in the NHL as well as the second undrafted one. Zuccarello logged 17 minutes and 52 seconds of ice time and registered two shots on goal in his NHL debut. As the game remained tied after overtime, Zuccarello scored in the shootout against Lightning goaltender Dan Ellis. However, the Rangers lost the game 4–3. Though he was reassigned to the Whale immediately after the game, the Rangers recalled him for their next game, on 27 December against the New York Islanders. He earned his first NHL assist during the contest, tying defenceman Anders Myrvold for the Norwegian player with the fewest games played before recording an NHL point. The Rangers won the game 7–2. Nine days later, in his sixth game, Zuccarello scored his first NHL goal against goaltender Cam Ward three minutes into overtime, leading the Rangers to a 2–1 victory over the Carolina Hurricanes. On 1 April 2011 he was reassigned to Connecticut after playing 41 games for the Rangers.
On 13 April 2011, Zuccarello became only the second Norwegian to take part in NHL post-season action when the Rangers lost 2–1 against the Washington Capitals.
Metallurg Magnitogorsk
On 1 June 2012, Zuccarello confirmed he had signed a two-year contract with Metallurg Magnitogorsk of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). However, he returned to the NHL and the Rangers after the 2012–13 NHL lockout.
Return to New York
On 28 March 2013, Zuccarello agreed to terms on a one-year contract with the New York Rangers. Zuccarello played in the last 15 games of the 2012–13 campaign, helping the Rangers reach the postseason. He played in all 12 Ranger playoff games, tallying his first playoff goal in Game 7 of the Eastern Conference Quarterfinals against the Washington Capitals.
Zuccarello re-signed with the Rangers at the end of the 2012–13 season for another one-year contract, worth $1.15 million. The 2013–14 season turned out to be a breakout season for Zuccarello. He tallied career highs in goals, assists and team-highs in points, as his contributions helped the Rangers reach the 2014 Stanley Cup Finals, where they faced-off against the Los Angeles Kings. Although New York lost the series 4–1, Zuccarello made history by becoming the first Norwegian to ever participate in the Stanley Cup Finals. His all-around game also took a step forward throughout the season, as he established himself as a hard worker with the ability to get under the skin of his opponents. His work was recognized by being awarded the 2013–14 Steven McDonald Extra Effort Award.
On 22 July 2014, Zuccarello agreed to a one-year, $3.5 million contract with the Rangers.
During the 2014–15 season, Zuccarello agreed to a four-year, $18 million contract worth $4.5 million annually that extends through to the 2018–19 season. He finished fifth on the team in scoring, playing a large role with linemate Rick Nash, having the second-most goals in the NHL, as the Rangers won the Presidents' Trophy with the League's best regular season record. Early into the 2015 Stanley Cup playoffs, Zuccarello was hit in the head by a shot by his own teammate, Rangers captain Ryan McDonagh. It was determined Zuccarello suffered a serious brain contusion and concussion and would most likely miss the rest of the playoffs. But rumors escalated as the Rangers continued their run that he may be available if the Rangers made it to the Stanley Cup Finals. However, they lost to the Tampa Bay Lightning in seven games in the 2015 Eastern Conference Finals, ending their season.
At the beginning of the 2015–16 season, Zuccarello got off to a fast start in his return, quickly becoming the team leader in scoring. On 30 October, Zuccarello recorded a hat-trick (the first of his NHL career) against the Toronto Maple Leafs, and on 15 November, he scored the game-winning goal in another game against the Maple Leafs, with less than one minute remaining in regulation. In his comeback season, Zuccarello scored a career-high 26 goals, with 35 assists. His performance, coupled with his tremendous effort, especially returning to the ice after the aforementioned injury the previous postseason, culminated in Zuccarello winning the Steven McDonald Extra Effort Award again and being selected as a finalist for the Bill Masterton Trophy for the 2015–16 season.
To start the 2017–18 season, Zuccarello was named an alternate captain of the Rangers on 4 October 2017. On 12 March 2018, Zuccarello recorded his 100th career NHL goal, in a game against the Carolina Hurricanes, which the Rangers won 6–3. On 23 October 2018, Zuccarello became the ninth player in Rangers history to lead the team in points for three consecutive seasons, joining Jaromír Jágr, Wayne Gretzky, Phil Esposito, Andy Bathgate, Bryan Hextall Sr., Cecil Dillon, Bill Cook and Frank Boucher.
Dallas Stars
With the Rangers in a rebuild, Zuccarello was traded to the Dallas Stars on February 23, 2019, in exchange for a 2019 conditional second-round pick and a 2020 conditional third-round pick. He debuted with the Stars the same day against the Chicago Blackhawks. He scored his first goal with the team during the second period but later suffered an upper-body injury forcing him to miss the third period of play. Afterwards, the Stars announced he was expected to miss at least four weeks to recover. Zuccarello returned for the playoffs but the Stars were eliminated by the St. Louis Blues in double overtime of game seven in the second round.
Minnesota Wild
Having left the Stars as a free agent, Zuccarello signed a five-year, $30 million contract with the Minnesota Wild on 1 July 2019.
On April 17, 2022, during a game against the St. Louis Blues, Zuccarello had broken the Wild team record for most assists in a season when he recorded his 51st and 52nd assists, surpassing teammate Kirill Kaprizov and Pierre-Marc Bouchard (2007–08 season), who held the record at 50. He also recorded his 500th career point, making him the 62nd active NHL player to reach that mark since he entered the league in 2010.
International play
Zuccarello has represented Norway at the 2008 IIHF World Championship in Canada, the 2009 IIHF World Championship, the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver and the 2010 IIHF World Championship in Germany. He was forced to withdraw from the 2011 IIHF World Championship in Slovakia, however, due to a hand fracture. Zuccarello later represented Norway at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi.
Zuccarello represented Team Europe in the 2016 World Cup of Hockey.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
Awards and honours
References
External links
Norwegian NHL records
1987 births
Living people
Connecticut Whale (AHL) players
Dallas Stars players
Frisk Asker Ishockey players
Hartford Wolf Pack players
Hasle-Løren IL players
Ice hockey players at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey players at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Metallurg Magnitogorsk players
Minnesota Wild players
Modo Hockey players
New York Rangers players
Norwegian expatriate ice hockey people
Norwegian expatriate sportspeople in Sweden
Norwegian expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Expatriate ice hockey players in Russia
Norwegian ice hockey right wingers
Norwegian people of Sicilian descent
Olympic ice hockey players of Norway
Ice hockey people from Oslo
Undrafted National Hockey League players |
Subsets and Splits