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20467562 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymbiola%20rutila | Cymbiola rutila | Cymbiola rutila, common name the "Blood-red Volute", is a species of large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Volutidae, the volutes.
Description
The shell attains a length of 74 mm.
Volutes are predators that live in deep waters where they stalk and kill other molluscs. Volutes do not have a free-swimming larval stage. Their large egg capsules contain enough food to allow the embryos to develop over several months. What emerges from these capsules are tiny but fully formed shells. Volutes tend to spend their life in colonies and have small home ranges.
Distribution
This marine species occurs off New Britain and Western Australia.
References
External links
Sowerby, G. B., I. (1844). Descriptions of six new species of Voluta. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1844: 149–152
Cox, J. (1873). Descriptions of new species of land and marine shells from Australia and the Solomon and Louisiade Islands. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1873: 564-569
Crosse H. (1867). Diagnoses molluscorum novorum. Journal de Conchyliologie. 17: 444-449
Crosse H. (1880). Description de mollusques inédits, provenant de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et de la Nouvelle-Bretagne. Journal de Conchyliologie. 28: 142-149
Volutidae |
17329855 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane%20Alma%20%281996%29 | Hurricane Alma (1996) | Hurricane Alma was the first of three consecutively named storms to make landfall on the Pacific coast of Mexico during a ten-day span in June, 1996. Alma was the third tropical cyclone, first named storm, and first hurricane for the 1996 Pacific hurricane season. It is believed by meteorologists that the storm originated out of an Atlantic tropical wave which crossed Central America in the middle of June. In warmer than average waters of the open Pacific, it gradually organized and it was first designated as a tropical depression on June 20 before quickly intensifying to a tropical storm. Early on June 22 the storm was upgraded to a hurricane and subsequently reached peak intensity of 969 mb, a Category 2 on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. Alma made landfall on Mexico's shoreline, but it soon moved back out over water and began to weaken. Alma had severe impact in Mexico. Twenty deaths were reported. Damage is unknown.
Meteorological history
The origins of Alma is believed to be related to the tropical wave which spawned Tropical Storm Arthur in the Atlantic. Satellite imagery and upper–air observations indicated that the disturbance crossed Central America during the middle of June, entering warming than average waters of the Pacific. Initially, the system was located within a sheared environment, although it did not hinder development. The convection soon became aligned with the low–level center and during the overnight on June 20 it was designated as a tropical depression. The depression intensified and it was upgraded to Tropical Storm Alma later that day. The wind shear relaxed it was upgraded to a hurricane at early on July 22 while tracking generally northwest.
A mid–level trough located near Baja California and a mid- to-upper-level low over the southwest Gulf of Mexico began to steer Alma northward towards the southwest coast of Mexico, prior to reaching a peak intensity of 969 mb at 1200 UTC on June 23. Before long, the steering flow collapsed and the hurricane drifted further towards land. Later that day it made landfall near Lazaro Cardenas, although Alma quickly moved back over open water and meandered for about 36 hours. This made the hurricane the first of three consecutive storms to make landfall on, the Pacific coast of Mexico during a ten-day span. It weakened to a tropical storm over land, before moving back to the open waters.
However, a small portion of the circulation of Alma was still over land, and thus it was severely disrupted by Mexico's high terrain. Alma was tracking slowly along a path roughly parallel to the coastline, it was further downgraded to a tropical depression on June 25. Alma remained weak and dissipated on June 27.
Alma was forecasted well, with errors well below long-term averages at the time. Despite this, tropical cyclone prediction models were a mixture of accurate and inaccurate, with the Aviation and GFDL models performing badly and the OFCI model performing well. The errors in dynamic models was attributed to a lack of data on upper-air conditions over the ocean southwest of the cyclone.
Preparations and Impact
In anticipation for the storm, hurricane warnings were placed into effect along of coastline between the resorts of Zihuatenejo and Manzanillo. Hundreds of people were evacuated prior to the passage of the hurricane. Also, the Mexican government sent troops to the area to help with disaster relief, and the Michoacán state government sent five truckloads of bedding and medicines. Prior to landfall, 14 inches of rain was expected.
In the Mexican states of Guerrero and Michoacán, the hurricane generated estimated wind gusts of up to , and dropped large amounts of rainfall peaking at of rainfall just east of where it had made landfall. Also, there were reports of swells up to along the coast. Three people died in Lazaro Cardenas when their house collapsed. Alma ripped roofs off of some houses, downed power lines and uprooted numerous trees, Flooding for Alma left thousands homeless. Heavy rainfall resulted in major flooding in Puebla, which killed 17 people. In all, 20 deaths were reported in Mexico. Damage is unknown, since the official report has no damage figures.
See also
Other tropical cyclones named Alma
List of Pacific hurricanes
References
External links
National Hurricane Center's Tropical Cyclone Report
Alma 1996
Alma 1996
Alma 1996 |
17329859 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadath%20%28disambiguation%29 | Hadath (disambiguation) | Hadath or Al Hadath (a definite article in Arabic) may refer to:
Places
Turkey
Hadath, full name Al-Ḥadath al-Ḥamrā', also known as Adata in Greek, a medieval fortress town near the Taurus Mountains in Cilicia, (modern southeastern Turkey), which played an important role in the Byzantine–Arab Wars
Lebanon
Hadath, Mount Lebanon, a municipality in the Baabda District of the Mount Lebanon Governorate in Lebanon
Hadath, Beqaa, town in the Beqaa Governorate of Lebanon
Hadath El Jebbeh, a Lebanese town in the Bsharri District in the North Governorate of Lebanon
Religion
Hadath (West Syrian Diocese), an ancient diocese of the Syriac Orthodox Church in the Malatya region (present-day Turkey), attested between the eighth and eleventh centuries and based in town of Hadath above.
Hadath akbar, a form of major ritual impurity in Islam
Ḥadath aṣghar, a minor ritual impurity in Islam
Others
Al-Hadath, an Arabic daily newspaper in Amman, Jordan |
17329872 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sintra%20%28disambiguation%29 | Sintra (disambiguation) | Sintra is both a town and a municipality in Portugal.
Sintra may also refer to:
Sintra (Santa Maria e São Miguel, São Martinho e São Pedro de Penaferrim), a civil parish within the municipality
Sintra Mountains
Palace of Sintra
Opel Sintra, a minivan
See also
Cintra (disambiguation)
Pedro de Sintra
Nova Sintra
Sintra-Cascais Natural Park
Convention of Cintra |
23572106 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forte%20Albertino | Forte Albertino | The Forte Albertino (also Forte di Vinadio) is an alpine fortress in Vinadio, Piedmont, northern Italy, located outside the town in the Stura di Demonte Valley. It is now used as a museum.
History
Forte Albertino was commissioned in 1834 by Charles Albert of Savoy and, following a brief reprieve between 1837 and 1839, finished in 1847. The fort is placed strategically close to the French border and the Maddalena Pass, giving Italian troops control of who entered the country. An estimated 4,000 men helped erect the fort. Its walls have a length of about , with a total of internal paths on three levels: the Upper Front, the Attack Front, and the Lower Front. The Upper and Lower Fronts consist of casements while the Attack Front had a ravelin and was the only point of access for communication with the outside world. This included communication with the town, Porta Francia, and the Pass.
The fort was never properly outfitted for war and was used as a prison for captured Garibaldini during the Battle of Aspromonte. After the dawn of the 20th century, Forte Albertino became a barracks, then an artillery warehouse. It was later bombed by the Allies during World War II and abandoned. It has since then been renovated and is now used as a museum.
Permanent exhibitions
Montagna in Movimento: Multimedia installations allow visitors to see the development, natural and otherwise, that built up Alps civilizations. The strategic value of the fort's location as well as ongoing environmental conservation and biodiversity efforts are highlighted.
Messaggeri Alati: Located at Porta Neraissa, this exhibition details the history of the important military dovecote, which remained until 1944.
Vinadio Virtual Reality: Introduced in 2017, the virtual reality exhibit gives visitors two options of fort exploration: the Vollo libero sul forte, a flight simulator, and Giallo Forte, a spy game.
Mammamia che Forte!: This exhibition has offered a wide range of children's programming since its introduction in 2019.
References
Castles in Piedmont
Vauban fortifications in Italy
Museums in Piedmont
Military and war museums in Italy
Buildings and structures in the Province of Cuneo
History of Piedmont
Infrastructure completed in 1847 |
20467577 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuk%20Karad%C5%BEi%C4%87%20%28TV%20series%29 | Vuk Karadžić (TV series) | Vuk Karadžić (Serbian Cyrillic: Вук Караџић), is а Yugoslavian historical drama television series which depicts the life and work of Vuk Stefanović Karadžić (7 November 1787 – 7 February 1864), a Serbian linguist and reformer of the Serbian language.
Cast
Miki Manojlović as Vuk Karadžić
Aleksandar Berček as Miloš Obrenović
Branimir Brstina as Mateja Nenadović
Dragana Varagić as Ana Karadžić
Marko Nikolić as Karađorđe Petrović
Petar Kralj as Jernej Kopitar
Bata Živojinović as Jakov Nenadović
Svetozar Cvetković as Petar Nikolajević Moler
Milan Štrljić as Dimitrije Davidović
Dragan Zarić as Jevrem Obrenović
Vladan Živković as Sima Paštrmac
Ljuba Tadić as Metropolitan Stefan Stratimirović
Danilo Lazović as Stefan Karadžić
Adem Cejvan as Mladen Milovanović
Dušan Janjićijević as Jefta Savić Čotrić
Gala Videnović as Ruža Todorova
Aljoša Vučković as Toma Vučić Perišić
Milorad Mandić as Igrić
Tihomir Stanić as Jovan Sterija Popović
Ivan Jagodić as Stevan Radičević
Irfan Mensur as Lukijan Mušicki
Snežana Savić as Vuk's mother
Demeter Bitenc as Seledicki
Ivan Klemenc as Filip Višnjić
Rastislav Jović as Stojan Simić
Predrag Miletić as Miloš Pocerac
Jovan Nikčević as Sima Marković
Miloš Žutić as Jovan Hadžić
Gorica Popović as Ljubica Obrenović
Radoš Bajić as Sima Milutinović Sarajlija
Branislav Lečić as Hajduk Veljko Petrović
Žarko Radić as Antonije Bogićević
Eva Ras as Mrs Kraus
Minja Vojvodić as Stanoje Glavaš
Dušan Jakšić as Metropolitan Melentije Pavlović
Dragomir Čumić as Avram Petronijević
Žarko Laušević as Mihailo Obrenović
Borivoje Kandić as young Vuk Karadžić
Petar Božović as Đorđe Ćurčija
Jovan-Burduš Janjićijević as Monk Isaija
Lazar Ristovski as Pavle Cukić
Branislav Jerinić as Marathli Ali Paşa
Milan Mihailović as Gavrilo Hranislav
Milutin Butković as Bishop Leontije
Josif Tatić as Mihailo Filipović
Goran Sultanović as Mileta Radojković
Milo Miranović as Milovan Vidaković
Miloš Kandić as Vujica Vulićević
Tihomir Arsić as Branko Radićević
Maja Sabljić as Mina Karadžić
Zoran Cvijanović as Alexander Karađorđević
Dragan M. Nikolić as Đura Daničić
Savo Radović as Blažo
Aleš Valič as Franz Miklosich
Milenko Zablaćanski as Lazar Arsenijević
Stevo Žigon as Prince Klemens Wenzel von Metternich
Miodrag Radovanović as Dositej Obradović
Miša Janketić as Metropolitan Melentije Nikšić
Vesna Malohodžić as Princess Sara Karapandžić
Vasja Stanković as Zvornik aga
Nenad Nenadović as young Dimitrije Davidović
Mira Furlan as Petrija
Andrija Maričić as young Sima Milutinović Sarajlija
Faruk Begoli as Sereč aga
Predrag Bjelac as Georgije Magarešević
Lepomir Ivković as Tešan Podrugović
Miodrag Radovanović as General Zenaji
Ljubomir Čipranić as Petar Jokić
Stojan Dečermić as Ioannis Kapodistrias
Marinko Šebez as Pavle Ivelić
Toma Jovanović as Hegumen Kreštić
Ljubo Škiljević as Nikola Novaković
Damir Šaban as Jacob Grimm
Nebojša Bakočević as Jovan Subotić
Mihajlo Viktorovć as Joakim Vujić
Zoran Stoiljković as Mus-Aga
Mirjana Nikolić as Princess Julija
Bogdan Mihailović as Peasant
Vojislav Brajović as Leopold von Ranke
Gordana Gadžić as Milica Stojadinović Srpkinja
Erol Kadić as Dimitrije Demetar
Dragan Laković as Rajović
Mladen Nelević as Petar II Petrović-Njegoš
Milan Gutović as Stevan Perkov Vukotić
Darko Tomović as Nikola I Petrović-Njegoš
Nikola Simić as Doctor Joseph Schcoda
Miljenko Belečić as Ivan Mažuranić
Đorđe David as Laza
Olivera Ježina as Čučuk Stana
Dušan Tadić as Radulović, the merchant
Ljupko Todorovski as Mehmed Aga
External links
Historical television series
1987 Yugoslav television series debuts
1988 Yugoslav television series endings
1980s Yugoslav television series
Serbian drama television series
Radio Television of Serbia original programming
Works by Milovan Vitezović
Serbian-language television shows
Serbian Revolution
Television shows set in Serbia
Television shows filmed in Serbia
Cultural depictions of Serbian monarchs
Cultural depictions of Vuk Karadžić
Cultural depictions of Karađorđe |
23572130 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomi%20Taira | Tomi Taira | was a Japanese actress with a long history of performing in Okinawan theatre. She was mainly active as an actress, narrator, dialect coach and in other capacities in shows and films taking place in Okinawa and in projects otherwise representing the region, as well as working more directly and officially with the Okinawa Tourist Bureau in promoting the island prefecture.
Acting both on stage and in films for many years, her first notable role in films was that of the title role of Nabbie, the grandmother in the 1999 film Nabbie no koi.
Life and career
Tomi Taira was born on 5 November 1928. At the age of thirteen, after graduating from Ishigaki Elementary School, she joined the "Ōchō Kojirō Ichiza" ("Old Man Kojirō's Troupe"), where she met her future husband, Susumu Taira. Years later, in 1956, she joined the troupe "Tokiwa-za" led by Chōshū Makishi.
Taira Tomi frequently performed alongside her husband both on stage and in films, and the two were active together in other ventures. The two founded an Okinawan theatrical troupe, "Shio" (潮, lit. "The Tide") in 1971; among his many acting roles, Susumu played Tomi's chief love interest, Sun Ra, in Nabbie no koi.
After the release of Nabbie no koi, Taira narrated and acted in a number of Japanese television dramas, including Sushi Ōji! (lit. "Prince [of] Sushi"), along with films such as Nada Sōsō and a Japanese version of A Midsummer Night's Dream, entitled Manatsu no yo no yume.
She received a number of awards over the course of her career, including being named Best Supporting Actress at the 30th Japanese Television Drama Academy Awards for her performance in the 2001 television drama Churasan, and receiving the Tokyo Sports Film Award, for which one of the chief judges was Japanese director/screenwriter/actor Takeshi Kitano. In 1998, she was officially designated by Okinawa Prefecture a Protector of Intangible Cultural Properties, Ryukyuan Song and Drama (沖縄県指定無形文化財琉球歌劇保持者). She died on 6 December 2015 at the age of 87.
Filmography
Film
Paradise View (1985)
Umi sora sango no ii tsutae (1991)
Nabbie no koi (1999) - Nabbie
Hotel Hibiscus (2002)
Nada Sōsō (2006)
Koishikute (2007)
Ginmaku ban Sushi Ōji!: Nyūyōku e iku ("Sushi Ōji the Movie: Sushi Ōji Goes to New York!", 2008)
Manatsu no yo no yume (2009)
Television
Churasan (2001) - Kohagura Hana (Grandmother, "Oba")
Koi Seyo Otome (2002)
Shinri bunseki sôsakan Sakiyama Tomoko (2002)
Churasan 2 (2003)
Motto Koi Seyo Otome (2004)
Churasan 3 (2004)
Churasan 4 (2007)
Sushi Ōji (2007) - Martial arts master Purusu Riri
References
External links
Taira Tomi at JDorama.com
Taira Tomi at Japanese Movie Database (Japanese)
1928 births
2015 deaths
Japanese film actresses
Japanese stage actresses
People from Naha
Voice coaches |
23572140 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwangjin%20Bridge | Gwangjin Bridge | The Gwangjin Bridge crosses the Han River in South Korea and connects the districts of Gwangjin-gu and Gangdong-gu. The original bridge was completed in 1936, but because of deteriorating conditions, it was rebuilt and reopened in November 2003.
References
Bridges in Seoul
Bridges completed in 1936 |
23572153 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laramie%2C%20North%20Park%20and%20Pacific%20Railroad%20and%20Telegraph%20Company | Laramie, North Park and Pacific Railroad and Telegraph Company | The Laramie, North Park and Pacific Railroad and Telegraph Company was a short lived railroad line in the U.S. state of Wyoming. In 1880, a group of Albany County businessmen proposed a rail line west from Laramie across the Medicine Bow Range. The railroad only made it to the Soda Lakes, southwest of Laramie, serving mining camps in the area for several years. The Union Pacific Railway soon gained control of the line. Most of the line was subsequently abandoned, but in 1900 successor Union Pacific Railroad bought the easternmost .
See also
List of defunct Wyoming railroads
References
Interstate Commerce Commission, 44 Val. Rep. 1 (1933), Valuation Docket No. 1060: Union Pacific Railroad Company
Defunct Wyoming railroads
Predecessors of the Union Pacific Railroad
Railway companies established in 1880
Railway companies disestablished in 1900
1880 establishments in Wyoming Territory
American companies disestablished in 1900 |
23572163 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%20Expo%20Park | World Expo Park | World Expo Park was an amusement park built for Expo '88 in Brisbane, Australia. It was positioned on the corner of Melbourne and Glenelg Streets in South Brisbane, the current site of the Brisbane Convention & Exhibition Centre. The park was opened when the exposition opened on the 30 April 1988. Admission to the park was included in the price of the ticket to the World Expo.
World Expo Park contained three roller coasters, one indoor and two outdoor. The later was called the Titan, renamed as The Demon and operated at Wonderland Sydney before being relocated to Alabama as the Zoomerang. The other outdoor rollercoaster was known as the Centrifuge, a suspended coaster with swinging turns. The indoor rollercoaster was known as the Supernova. The amusement park was closed in 1989 due to its lack of popularity.
See also
List of amusement parks in Oceania
References
Defunct amusement parks in Australia
Buildings and structures in Brisbane
1988 establishments in Australia
1989 disestablishments in Australia
World's fair sites in Australia
Amusement parks in Queensland
Amusement parks opened in 1988
Amusement parks closed in 1989 |
23572164 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artur%20Grigoryan%20%28footballer%29 | Artur Grigoryan (footballer) | Artur Akopovich Grigoryan (; born 29 January 1985) is a Russian-Armenian former football player.
Club career
Grigoryan previously played for FC Metallurg Lipetsk in the Russian First Division.
External links
1985 births
People from Akhaltsikhe
Georgian people of Armenian descent
Armenian footballers
Footballers from Georgia (country)
Russian sportspeople of Armenian descent
Living people
Russian footballers
Association football forwards
Russian expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Montenegro
Expatriate footballers in Belarus
FC Chernomorets Novorossiysk players
FK Bokelj players
FC Metallurg Lipetsk players
FC Salyut Belgorod players
FC Dnepr Mogilev players
FC Dynamo Stavropol players
Belarusian Premier League players |
17329906 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996%20NHK%20Trophy | 1996 NHK Trophy | The 1996 NHK Trophy was the fifth event of six in the 1996–97 ISU Champions Series, a senior-level international invitational competition series. It was held in Osaka on December 5–8. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. Skaters earned points toward qualifying for the 1996–97 Champions Series Final.
Competition notes
Midori Ito was expected to compete, but withdrew before the competition when she retired from competitive figure skating and just skated in the Exhibition.
Results
Men
Ladies
Pairs
Ice dancing
References
External links
1996 NHK Trophy
Nhk Trophy, 1996
NHK Trophy |
20467597 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/559th%20Flying%20Training%20Squadron | 559th Flying Training Squadron | The 559th Flying Training Squadron is part of the 12th Flying Training Wing based at Randolph Air Force Base, Texas. It operates the Beechcraft T-6 Texan II conducting flying training.
History
World War II
The 559th was initially constituted as the 81st Bombardment Squadron, Light on 20 November 1940, assigned to the 12th Bombardment Group, Light but wasn’t activated (considered the unit’s “birthday”) until 15 January 1941 at McChord Field, Washington. The squadron's original manning came from the 34th Bombardment Squadron consisting of 27 enlisted men and 1 officer, Major John J. O'Hara, who assumed command. Over the ensuing six months the squadron's ranks swelled to 190 enlisted men and 15 officers.
The 81st used one Douglas B-18 Bolo, one Douglas B-23 Dragon, and two PT-17 Kaydets, to conduct flight training while some of its rated personnel attended various Air Corps technical schools or on detached service with the Ferrying Command. The squadron was equipped with the North American B-25 Mitchell in January 1942 and redesignated a medium bombardment squadron. Shortly thereafter the 12th Bombardment Group was transferred to Esler Field, Camp Beauregard, Louisiana. Soon after arriving the squadron initiated a training program which included all phases of combat flying, bombing, and gunnery. Bombing practice was conducted on the range in the Kisatchie National Forest, while gunnery training was accomplished in Army Air Forces schools at Panama City, Florida, and Las Vegas, Nevada. The squadron also participated in general field operations training near DeRidder, Louisiana. In late the 81st served as part of a detachment force of 40 aircraft and 450 officers and men that was sent to Stockton, California, for over-water training.
In June 1942 the squadron began its movement overseas. The air echelon staged at Morrison Field, Florida. On 14 July it flew to Accra, British West Africa then on to Khartoum in Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, and Cairo, Egypt. By mid-August the air echelon was in place at Deversoir, Egypt. The ground echelon had left Esler Field by train on 3 July for Fort Dix, New Jersey, where it boarded the SS Louis Pasteur and sailed from New York on 16 July, arriving at Freetown, Sierra Leone, eight days later. The personnel then sailed around the Cape of Good Hope, via Durban, South Africa, and arrived at Port Tewfik, Egypt, on 16 August. Two days later the ground echelon arrived at Deversoir.
Upon its arrival the 81st underwent a training period with light bomber wings of the Royal Air Force and the South African Air Force. This training included five missions intended to acquaint the American aircrews with aids to navigation in the Middle East. The first mission was flown on the night of 16 August 1942 and consisted of a bombing attack on the harbor at Mersa Matruh. The raid was followed by attacks on Axis airdromes at Doba and Fuka, and on docks at Tobruk, Libya.
In September the 81st Bombardment Squadron went into action with the RAF's Desert Air Force in support of the British Eighth Army. One of the unit's earliest missions was a night raid on Sidi Haneish, in which it lost three bombers. During the weeks which followed the squadron struck Axis landing grounds, transportation facilities, and troop concentrations. After the Battle of El Alamein the squadron conducted a brief training program consisting principally of aerial gunnery, navigational flights, and night landings. The squadron resumed combat operations in December after rebasing further west. It participated in the pursuit of Field Marshal Rommel's Afrika Korps to Tripoli, which fell late in January 1943.
In February 1943 the 81st was sent to Algeria, where it joined elements of the Twelfth Air Force in support of Allied ground forces pushing eastward. After the German forces had been defeated in Africa the squadron was stationed at Hergla, Tunisia, and began participation in the Pantellerian campaign by pattern bombing coastal batteries on the island of Pantelleria. Following the capitulation of Axis forces in Pantelleria, on 11 June, the squadron conducted an intensive, three-week, program for training replacement crews recently arrived from the Zone of the Interior. The squadron also received replacement aircraft bringing the total from 13 to 24.
Through July the squadron conducted bombing operations against Axis aerodromes, harbor installations, and towns on the island of Sicily. Early in August it transferred to Ponte Olivo Airdrome, Sicily, whence it continued to operate against Sicilian targets until the island was completely cleared of Axis forces. On 23 August the squadron moved to Gerbini Main Airdrome, Sicily, preliminary to entering the Italian campaign. From September to early-November 1943, the 81st flew numerous missions in support of the American Fifth Army and the British Eighth Army then in the early stages of the Invasion of Italy. The types of targets most frequently attacked were rail junctions and marshalling yards, airdromes, landing grounds, highway bridges, gun emplacements, and troop concentrations. After rebasing to Foggia Main, Italy, on 10 November the squadron increased the range of its bombing missions to include Yugoslavia. Prior to the end of January 1944 it participated in 10 raids on harbor and dock facilities along the Yugoslavian Adriatic Coast, at Zadar, Split, and Šibenik. In addition, the squadron flew a mission against the Mostar Main Airdrome in Yugoslavia and another directed at the Eleusis Airdrome in Greece. The 81st Bombardment Squadron's final Italian Campaign mission took place on 30 January 1944 in an intended attack upon a road junction near Rome. A cloud covering completely obscured the target as the bombers approached, however, so they aborted the mission.
The squadron was transferred to the China-Burma-India Theater of Operations and consequently spent seven weeks relocating. On 9 February the entire unit sailed from Taranto, Italy, aboard the English vessel Diwara, for Port Said, Egypt then by train to Cairo, and then sailed, again aboard the Dilwara, from Port Tewfik for Bombay, India. From Bombay it moved by train and a Ganges River boat to Tezgaon Airdrome near Calcutta. Equipped with new bombers, it initiated a training program in low-level attack and bombing methods which were being used extensively in that area at the time.
The 81st entered combat on 16 April 1944 when it dispatched 12 B-25s in an attack upon railway sidings and a Japanese supply dump at Mogaung, Burma. One bomber was lost in the raid. Eight days later the 81st attacked Japanese stores and troop concentrations in the Kazu area. In May the it made numerous attacks upon the Tiddim Road in Burma, as well as on railway lines running north and east of Mandalay. Probably the unit's most significant mission during the month was its participation in the bombing of Ningthoukhong, Burma, a key position to the Japanese defensive line. The town was reported to have housed Japanese artillery pieces, antitank guns, tanks, and as many as 1,000 troops.
During the ensuing 12 months the 81st helped to gain air superiority over the Japanese in Burma and provided support for Allied ground forces in driving them completely out of that country. The squadron's efforts were expended principally in bombing attacks on airdromes and airfields, headquarters buildings, roads, highway bridges, gun emplacements, railway bridges, rail junctions, marshalling yards, storage areas, and troop concentrations. Notable was the series of missions which contributed to the capture of Myritkyina by General Joseph W. Stilwell's ground forces early in August. The unit also participated in tactical operations during February and March 1945 helping to capture Miektila and Mandalay in May.
In September 1944 the unit extended its range of operations to include targets in China. At that time the Japanese were attempting to throw the Chinese back across the Salween River. The 81st provided effective support to the Chinese troops engaged in repelling the Japanese offensive. For its part the squadron participated in a series of eight bombing missions targeting Japanese stores and troop concentrations, principally in the Chinese cities of Bhamo, Mangshih, and Wanling.
With the capture of Burma in the spring of 1945, combat operations for the 81st Bombardment Squadron were greatly reduced. At its base in India the unit began transition training in Douglas A-26 Invader aircraft. Training ceased with the surrender of Japan in August 1945. The air echelon of the squadron left India on 27 September on the first leg of its journey back to the Zone of the Interior. Departure of the ground echelon was delayed, however, was delayed for three months, sailing on Christmas Eve 1945 it Karachi, India, aboard the Hawaiian Shipper, for Seattle, Washington. There was a brief stop in Singapore, after which the voyage was continued out through the South China Sea and into the Pacific. On 21 January the squadron was reduced in strength to one officer and two enlisted men and then inactivated at Fort Lawton, Washington.
Post War activation
Fifteen months later, on 19 May 1947, it was activated at Langley Field, Virginia as a light bombardment squadron. Without ever having been manned, however, the squadron was inactivated on 10 September 1948.
Strategic fighter operations
The squadron was redesignated the 559th Fighter-Escort Squadron, and assigned to Strategic Air Command on 27 October 1950. On 1 November it was activated at Turner Air Force Base, Georgia assigned to the 12th Fighter-Escort Group. Early in December 1950 it transferred to Bergstrom Air Force Base, Texas. The primary mission of the 559th was to organize and train a force capable of providing immediate fighter escort and air base protection in any part of the world. In January 1951 the squadron began flying training in the Republic F-84 Thunderjet. The program principally of routine transition training, night flying, instrument flights, and ground controlled approaches. Bombing and gunnery practice was accomplished at the Matagorda Island Bombing and Gunnery Range on Matagorda Island, just off the Texas coast. Late in April the squadron participated in a practice mission to Turner Air Force Base. Early in June the 559th participated in a long-range escort mission conducted by the 12th Fighter-Escort Wing. All told, 75 F-84s were involved. After staging at Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, they were divided into two sections. One section escorted a large number of B-36 Peacemakers in a simulated bombing mission over New York City. The other section escorted another group of B-36s in a similar mission over Detroit. All the Thunderjets staged at Selfridge Air Force Base, Michigan, before returning to Bergstrom.
In mid-July 1951 the 559th went on temporary duty to RAF Manston, England. The move was made by the Military Air Transport Service and by civilian aircraft. Having left its own fighter aircraft at Bergstrom, the wing used F-84s of the 31st Fighter-Escort Wing which it replaced at Manston. Operations overseas began during the latter part of July with orientation flights to various United States Air Force bases in England. During August all units of the 12th Wing took part in a 7th Air Division operation which was designed to measure the defense of Norway. While in England the 559th Fighter-Escort Squadron and its two companion units, the 560th and 561st Squadrons, went to Wheelus Field, Libya, for two weeks of gunnery practice. Late in November 1951 the wing began moving back to the United States. The advanced and rear echelons were airlifted all the way from Manston to Austin by MATS aircraft. The second increment sailed aboard the USS General W. G. Haan to Newark, New Jersey, and made its way to the wing's home base via MATS aircraft. Back at Bergstrom the squadron was equipped with new F-84s.
In January 1953 the 559th was redesignated as a strategic fighter squadron. In May it deployed to Chitose Air Base, Japan for approximately 90 days. The principal purpose of the deployment was to provide training for the wing and enable it, while operating as a part of the Northern Area Air Defense Command, to augment the Japanese Air Defense Force. On 15 May replaced the 508th Strategic Fighter Wing on rotation in Japan. On 12 June the commanding officer of the 559th Squadron, Lieutenant Colonel Paul M. Hall, was killed in an airplane crash while making a ground-controlled approach. The squadron redeployed to Bergstrom Air Force Base in August.
Over a period of several months after returning to its home base in August 1953, the 559th Strategic Fighter Squadron made special efforts to qualify all of its aircrews as combat ready. At the same time it was interested in requalifying combat ready crews in various phases of bombing and gunnery techniques. For these purposes extensive use was made of the bombing and gunnery range facilities on Matagorda Island. In May 1954, however, the 559th again deployed to Japan on temporary duty to Misawa Air Base. One of the most important operations during this second tour of duty in the Far East was a series of exercises in which the capabilities of the Northern Air Defense Area were tested. The wing returned to the United States again in August 1954.
While stationed at Bergstrom Air Force Base during the next several years the 559th continued to accomplish the usual training programs and routine training missions. There were, however, a number of special missions and other activities. In June 1955 the unit participated in weapons loading exercise and unit simulated combat mission at Gray Air Force Base, Texas. Operating from the forward staging base (Gray AFB), F-84s of the 559th were scheduled to destroy a number of targets simulated on Matagorda Island. On this mission the Thunderjets accomplished air refueling over Roswell, New Mexico. Meanwhile, in May 1955 the 12th Strategic Fighter Wing was selected to represent the Strategic Air Command in the annual fighter competition to be held in connection with the USAF Gunnery Meet in September 1955 at Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada. A group of candidates began training on Matagorda Island in June. Selected for the competition were two officers from the 12th Wing headquarters, and one each from the 559th, 560th, and 561st Squadrons. Competing at Nellis in September against this special team from the Strategic Air Command were other teams from the Air Defense Command, Far East Air Forces, Tactical Air Command, and United States Air Forces in Europe. At the meet the Strategic Air Command took third place, running behind those of the Far East Air Forces and the United States Air Forces in Europe. Additionally, during the early part of May 1956 the 559th began participation with the 560th in the deployment of 25 F-84s for approximately 90 days at Eielson Air Force Base, Alaska. The purpose of the operation was to furnish a competent fighter offensive within the Alaskan Air Command. In addition to carrying out routine aircrew training, while at Eielson the detachment took part in several Fifteenth Air Force emergency war plan missions. At the conclusion of the temporary duty in Alaska the detachment flew nonstop back to its home base. The 27th Air refueling Squadron provided in-flight refueling for the redeployment.
Plans announced at Bergstrom as early as April 1956 indicated that in due course of time the 559th would convert to the long-range F-101 Voodoo. A tentative schedule for equipping with the F-101 was set for May through October 1957. Training in the new aircraft for aircrews and maintenance personnel of the wing began at Bergstrom in November 1956. This training was discontinued after about a month, however, following a decision by higher headquarters not to equip the wing with the F-101 aircraft.
Effective 1 July 1957, the 559th was redesignated a fighter-day squadron and assigned to the Tactical Air Command. The wing and its squadrons were inactivated, however, on 8 January 1958.
Tactical fighter operations
On 17 April 1962 the 559th Fighter-Day Squadron was redesignated the 559th Tactical Fighter Squadron. At the same time it was activated and assigned to the Tactical Air Command. Effective 25 April 1962, the squadron was organized at MacDill Air Force Base, Florida, with further assignment to the 12th Tactical Fighter Wing. The squadron augmented air defenses of Okinawa from, June–September 1965 and participated in combat operations over Southeast Asia from, 2 January 1966 – 23 March 1970.
Flying training
The unit was redesignated the 559th Flying Training Squadron in 1972, located at Randolph AFB, Texas, initially operating the Cessna T-37 jet trainer. It has since trained US and friendly nation instructor aircrews from May 1972 to the present time.
Operations
World War II
Vietnam War
Lineage
Constituted as the 81st Bombardment Squadron (Light) on 20 November 1940
Activated on 15 January 1941
Redesignated 81st Bombardment Squadron (Medium) on 30 December 1941
Redesignated 81st Bombardment Squadron, Medium on 9 October 1944
Inactivated on 22 January 1946
Redesignated 81st Bombardment Squadron, Light on 29 April 1947
Activated on 19 May 1947
Inactivated on 10 September 1948
Redesignated 559th Fighter-Escort Squadron on 27 October 1950
Activated on 1 November 1950
Redesignated 559th Strategic Fighter Squadron on 20 January 1953
Redesignated 559th Fighter-Day Squadron on 1 July 1957
Inactivated on 8 January 1958
Redesignated 559th Tactical Fighter Squadron and activated on 17 April 1962 (not organized)
Organized on 25 April 1962
Inactivated on Inactivated on 31 March 1970
Redesignated 559th Flying Training Squadron on 22 March 1972
Activated on 1 May 1972
Assignments
12th Bombardment Group, 15 January 1941 – 22 January 1946
12th Bombardment Group, 19 May 1947 – 10 September 1948
12th Fighter-Escort Group, 1 November 1950 (attached to 12th Fighter-Escort Wing after 10 February 1951)
12th Fighter-Escort Wing (later 12th Strategic Fighter Wing, 12th Fighter-Day Wing), 16 June 1952 – 8 January 1958
Tactical Air Command, 17 April 1962 (not organized)
12th Tactical Fighter Wing, 25 April 1962 (attached to 51st Fighter-Interceptor Wing 12 June-c. 7 September 1965)
836th Air Division, 8 November 1965
12th Tactical Fighter Wing, 27 December 1965 – 31 March 1970
12th Flying Training Wing, 1 May 1972
12th Operations Group, 15 December 1991 – present
Stations
McChord Field, Washington, 15 January 1941
Esler Field, Louisiana, 27 February-3 July 1942 (operated from Stockton Army Air Field, California 24 May-24 June 1942)
Deversoir Air Base, Egypt, Egypt, 30 Jul 1942
Landing Ground LG 88, Egypt, 18 October 1942
Gambut Main (LG 139, Libya, 6 December 1942
El Magrun Landing Ground (LG 142), Libya, 14 December 1942
Gambut Main (LG 139), Libya, 17 December 1942
Tmed El Chel Airfield, Libya, 11 January 1943
Berteaux Airfield, Algeria, 3 February 1943
Canrobert Airfield, Algeria, 15 March 1943
Thibar, Tunisia, 1 May 1943
Hergla Airfield, Tunisia, 2 June 1943
Ponte Olivo Airfield, Sicily, Italy, c. 2 August 1943
Gerbini Airfield, Sicily, Italy, 22 August 1943
Foggia Main Airfield, Italy, 5 November 1943
Gaudo Airfield, Italy, 18 January-6 February 1944
Tezgaon Airfield, India (Bangla Desh). 20 March 1944
Madhaiganj Airfield, India, 13 June 1944
Fenny Airfield, India, 17 July 1944 (operated from Meiktila, Burma 21–29 April 1945)
Madhaiganj Airfield, India (Bangla Desh), 7 June 1945
Karachi, India (Pakistan), 15 November-24 December 1945
Ft. Lawton, Washington, 21–22 January 1946
Langley Field (later Langley Air Force Base), Virginia, 19 May 1947 – 10 September 1948
Turner Air Force Base, Georgia, 1 November 1950
Bergstrom Air Force Base, Texas, 5 December 1950 – 8 January 1958 (deployed to RAF Manston, England 18 July-30 November 1951, Chitose Air Base, Japan 15 May-10 August 1953, Misawa Air Base, Japan 12 May-11 August 1954)
MacDill Air Force Base, Florida, 25 April 1962 (deployed to Naha Air Base, Okinawa 12 June-7 September 1965)
Cam Ranh Air Base, South Vietnam, 27 December 1965 – 31 March 1970
Randolph Air Force Base, Texas, 1 May 1972 – present
Aircraft
Douglas B-18 Bolo (1941–1942)
North American B-25 Mitchell (1942–1945)
Douglas A-26 Invader (1945)
Republic F-84 Thunderjet (1950–1957)
McDonnell F-4 Phantom II (1964–1970)
Cessna T-37 Tweet (1972–present)
Beechcraft T-6 Texan II (2000–present)
References
Notes
Explanatory notes
Citations
Bibliography
Further reading
Coles, Harry C., (1945) Ninth Air Force in the Western Desert Campaign to 23 January 1943, USAF Historical Study No. 30
Coles, Harry C., (1945) Participation by the Ninth and Twelfth Air Forces in the Sicilian Campaign, USAF Historical Study No. 37
0559
Military units and formations in Texas |
17329930 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roneat%20thung | Roneat thung | The roneat thung or roneat thum () is a low-pitched xylophone used in the Khmer classical music of Cambodia. It is built in the shape of a curved, rectangular shaped boat. This instrument plays an important part in the Pinpeat ensemble. The roneat Thung is placed on the left of the roneat ek, a higher-pitched xylophone. The Roneat Thung is analogous to the ranat thum of Thai.
Etymology
Roneat means xylophone where thung literally mean [wooden] container in Khmer. This may derived from the shape of this type of xylophone which shaped like a rectangular wooden container.
Terry E. Miller and Sean Williams in their book The Garland Handbook of Southeast Asian Music, Roneat Thung is better called Roneat thomm/ thum which literally means "large xylophone". This name may designates the fact that roneat thum's resonator and note bars are larger and longer than those of roneat ek.
History
Roneat Thung, the sister musical instrument of Roneat Ek, was already established itself as a member of the Pinpeat orchestra since before the Angkor period.
According to another source, Cambodian Roneat genres were derived from the Javanese gamelan musical instruments which influenced the Khmer musical instrument in the early Angkorian period which spread from Kampuchea further northwest to Myanmar. Specifically, Roneat Thung is identical to the Indonesian and Malay gambang kayu.
Throughout the history of Cambodian music, especially in the post-Angkorian period, Roneat thung usually appears in various mural paintings along with Roneat ek and always represent in the Pinpeat or Mahori orchestra.
Structure
The shape of Roneat Thung is thought to be modeled from a riverboat as Roneat Ek as well.
Roneat thung's rectangular trough-resonator measures about 50 inches long supported by four short legs. While the end-pieces of the roneat aek and the roneat daek are flat and straight, the roneat thung end-pieces are curved slightly outward. The roneat thung has sixteen bamboo or wooden bars, measuring about 18.75 inches (low pitch) to 15.25 inches (high pitch) in length. The width of the bars (low and high) is approximately 2.5 inches and the thickness of both is about 0.75 inch. As the materials, which are used to make the bars, are the same as the roneat aek, the same tuning blobs are also utilized. Like the roneat aek, the roneat thung bars are suspended with two cords running through holes in each bar and placed on two hooks at each of the two curved end-pieces that are connected to the resonator.
Only soft mallets are used to play the roneat thung, either indoor or outdoor. While the mallet handles of the roneat thung are about the same length as those of the roneat aek, their disc are larger and thicker. Each measure approximately 1.75 inches in diameter and about 1.5 inches in thickness. The range of the roneat thung overlaps that of the roneat aek, one octave lower. Due to its stylistic playing, the sixteen bars cover a range of music of over two octaves, a range that is wider than that of the roneat aek. The role assigned to the roneat thung is to counter the melody. The roneat thung plays a line almost identical to that of the korng thomm, except in a lak (vivacious, funny, comic) fashion.
Significance
Roneat Thung has significant function in Khmer traditional orchestra both Pinpeat and Mohaori. But the Roneat Thung used in Mahori has to have higher sound (one sound) than the Roneat Thung used in Pinpeat starting from the first bar note.
According to Cambodian traditional musicians, roneat thung has the same representation as Roneat Ek. Roneat Ek represents female naga or dragon where roneat thung itself represents male naga in which both nagas has to be next to one another or pairing as accompanied in Khmer traditional orchestras.
See also
Mohaori
Roneat ek
Roneat dek
Music of Cambodia
Traditional Cambodian instruments
References
External links
UNESCO document, Traditional Musical Instruments of Cambodia. PDF.
Keyboard percussion instruments
Cambodian musical instruments |
20467601 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s%20Copete | Andrés Copete | Andrés Mauricio Copete Ceballos (born October 29, 1983) is a Colombian footballer who plays for Parrillas One.
Club career
He made his debut in Honduras for Victoria against Deportes Savio on 2 August 2008, scoring the winning goal.
References
1983 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Valle del Cauca Department
Colombian footballers
C.D. Victoria players
C.D. Olimpia players
F.C. Motagua players
Xelajú MC players
Llaneros F.C. players
Parrillas One players
Colombian expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Honduras
Expatriate footballers in Guatemala
Liga Nacional de Fútbol Profesional de Honduras players
Association football forwards |
20467621 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce%20Howard%20%28baseball%29 | Bruce Howard (baseball) | Bruce Ernest Howard (born March 23, 1943) is an American former Major League Baseball pitcher with the Chicago White Sox, Baltimore Orioles and Washington Senators between 1963 and 1968. A native of Salisbury, Maryland, he attended Villanova University. His son, David Howard, also played in the major leagues.
He was traded along with Don Buford and Roger Nelson from the White Sox to the Orioles for Luis Aparicio, Russ Snyder and John Matias on November 29, 1967.
In a six-season career, Howard posted a 26–31 record with 349 strikeouts and a 3.18 ERA in 120 appearances, including seven complete games, four shutouts, one save, and innings of work.
See also
List of second-generation Major League Baseball players
References
External links
, or Retrosheet, or Pura Pelota (Venezuelan Winter League)
1943 births
Living people
Baltimore Orioles players
Baseball players from Maryland
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Chicago White Sox players
Clinton C-Sox players
Eugene Emeralds players
Florida Instructional League White Sox players
Indianapolis Indians players
Lynchburg White Sox players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Navegantes del Magallanes players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
People from Salisbury, Maryland
Tucson Toros players
Villanova University alumni
Villanova Wildcats baseball players
Washington Senators (1961–1971) players |
20467622 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Speed%20of%20Cattle | The Speed of Cattle | The Speed of Cattle is a compilation album recorded by the indie rock band Archers of Loaf. It was recorded in Seattle over a three-week period, the longest the band had taken to record an album at the time.
Track listing
"Wrong" - 3:50
"South Carolina" - 3:33
"Web In Front" 2:08
"Bathroom" - 1:45
"Tatyana" - 4:43
"What Did You Expect?" - 3:12
"Ethel Merman" - 2:42
"Funnelhead" - 2:51
"Quinn Beast" - 3:42
"Telepathic Traffic" 3:04
"Don't Believe The Good News" - 4:49
"Smokin' Pot In The Hot City" - 3:17
"Mutes In The Steeple" - 2:06
"Revenge" - 2:47
"Bacteria" - 6:30
"Freezing Point" - 2:47
"Powerwalker" - 3:36
"Backwash" - 2:56
References
Archers of Loaf albums
1996 compilation albums
Alias Records albums |
20467627 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neverita%20lewisii | Neverita lewisii | Neverita lewisii (previously known as Polinices lewisii, Lunatia lewisii, Euspira lewisii), common name Lewis's moon snail, is a species of large operculated sea snail. It is a predatory marine gastropod in the family Naticidae, the moon snails. Traditionally, this species was assigned to either the genus Lunatia, the genus Polinices or the genus Euspira. Recently, it was assigned to the genus Neverita based on molecular data.
This is the largest species in the family.
Distribution
Neverita lewisii lives in the Eastern Pacific, from British Columbia to northern Baja California, Mexico.
Habitat
This snail is found intertidally and at depths of up to , usually ploughing through the substrate looking for prey.
Description
The shell of this species can grow to across, the largest of the moon snails. It has an extremely large foot, which when the snail is active, is extended up over the shell and mantle cavity. Part of the propodium contains a black-tipped siphon which leads water into the mantle cavity. The cephalic tentacles, located on its head, are usually visible above the propodium.
When the animal retracts its soft parts into the shell, a lot of water is expelled, thus it is possible to close the shell with its tight-fitting operculum.
Diet
Neverita lewisii feeds mainly on bivalve molluscs by drilling a hole in the shell with its radula and feeding on the organism's soft flesh.
Reproduction
Like other moon snails, this species lays its eggs in a "sand collar". The eggs may number in the thousands and hatch into microscopic larvae which feed on plankton until they undergo torsion and metamorphose into the adult stage.
References
Further reading
Turgeon, D.; Quinn, J.F.; Bogan, A.E.; Coan, E.V.; Hochberg, F.G.; Lyons, W.G.; Mikkelsen, P.M.; Neves, R.J.; Roper, C.F.E.; Rosenberg, G.; Roth, B.; Scheltema, A.; Thompson, F.G.; Vecchione, M.; Williams, J.D. (1998). Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: mollusks. 2nd ed. American Fisheries Society Special Publication, 26. American Fisheries Society: Bethesda, MD (USA). . IX, 526 + cd-rom pp.
Hoehing, D. 2001. "Euspira lewisii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 1, 2008 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Euspira_lewisii.html
Brusca, Richard C., and Brusca, Gary J. Invertebrates. 2nd. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, Inc., 2003.
Nybakken, James W. Diversity of the Invertebrates. Dubuque, IA: Times Mirror Higher Education Group, Inc., 1996.
Lamb, A. and Hanby, B. P. (2005). Marine Life of the Pacific Northwest: A Photographic Encyclopedia of Invertebrates, Seaweeds, and Selected Fishes. Maderia Park, B. C. Harbour Publishing.
Torigoe K. & Inaba A. (2011) Revision on the classification of Recent Naticidae. Bulletin of the Nishinomiya Shell Museum 7: 133 + 15 pp., 4 pls
External links
Naticidae
Gastropods described in 1847 |
20467639 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Salisbury%20%28bishop%29 | John Salisbury (bishop) | John Salisbury, O.S.B. (died 1573) was a Welsh clergyman who held high office in the pre- and post-Reformation church in England.
He was the last Abbot of Titchfield; the abbey was dissolved in December 1537. Under the provisions of the Suffragan Bishops Act 1534, he was appointed and consecrated Bishop of Thetford on 19 March 1536. Three years later, he was also appointed Dean of Norwich on 20 August 1539, but in the reign of Queen Mary I, he was deprived of the deanery in early 1554. After the accession of Queen Elizabeth I, he was restored as Dean in 1559. He was also Chancellor of Lincoln Cathedral and Archdeacon of Anglesey.
He was nominated Bishop of Sodor and Man on 27 March 1570, which was confirmed on 7 April 1570. Whilst bishop, he continued to hold the deanery of Norwich "in commendam".
He died in September 1573 and was buried in Norwich Cathedral.
References
Deans of Norwich
Anglican suffragan bishops in the Diocese of Norwich
Bishops of Sodor and Man
16th-century Church of England bishops
People associated with the Dissolution of the Monasteries
1573 deaths
Year of birth unknown
16th-century Welsh Anglican priests
Welsh Benedictines
Burials at Norwich Cathedral
Archdeacons of Anglesey |
6900339 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mase%20discography | Mase discography | The discography of New York rapper Mase consists of three studio albums and twenty-two singles, including ten as a featured artist.
Albums
Studio albums
Singles
As lead artist
As featured artist
Other charted songs
Guest appearances
Notes
A "Get Ready" did not enter the Billboard Hot 100, but peaked at number 25 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart, which acts as a 25-song extension to the Hot 100.
B "Welcome Back" and "Breathe, Stretch, Shake" charted as a double A-side single in the United Kingdom.
C "Stay Out of My Way" did not enter the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, but peaked at number 9 on the Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Singles chart, which acts as a 25-song extension to the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.
References
External links
Hip hop discographies
Discographies of American artists |
20467660 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stevan%20Na%C4%91feji | Stevan Nađfeji | Stevan Nađfeji (; born August 16, 1979) is a Serbian professional basketball coach and former player.
Playing career
Standing at , he played at the power forward position. During his professional career, Nađfeji has played with: Beobanka, Radnički Beograd, Partizan, Ural Great, Verviers-Pepinster, UNICS Kazan, Panellinios (twice), Vizura, Rethymno, Maroussi, Igokea, Panionios, Kolossos Rodou and Dynamic.
In June 2017, Nađfeji announced his retirement from professional basketball.
Yugoslavian national team
Nađfeji played with the junior national teams of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. He won the bronze medal at the 1996 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship, and the gold medal at the 1998 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship.
Coaching career
On August 7, 2017, Nađfeji was named an assistant coach for the Dynamic.
Personal life
Nađfeji is the younger brother of Aleksandar Nađfeji, who was also a professional basketball player.
References
External links
Euroleague.net Profile
Eurobasket.com Profile
Greek Basket League Profile
Adriatic League Profile
FIBA Profile
1979 births
Living people
BC UNICS players
KK Beobanka players
KK Igokea players
KK Partizan players
KK Vizura players
KK Dynamic players
Kolossos Rodou B.C. players
Greek Basket League players
Maroussi B.C. players
Panionios B.C. players
PBC Ural Great players
Power forwards (basketball)
Panellinios B.C. players
Rethymno B.C. players
BKK Radnički players
Serbian expatriate basketball people in Belgium
Serbian expatriate basketball people in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Serbian expatriate basketball people in Greece
Serbian expatriate basketball people in Russia
Serbian men's basketball players
Serbian men's basketball coaches
Small forwards
Basketball players from Belgrade |
20467690 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother%20Nature%27s%20Kitchen | Mother Nature's Kitchen | Mother Nature's Kitchen is the debut album from the Scottish singer/songwriter Kevin McDermott with his band Kevin McDermott Orchestra.
History
Following his solo album, Suffocation Blues, Kevin McDermott formed the Kevin McDermott Orchestra/KMO, with an initial line-up of Jim McDermott on drums, Steph Greer on bass, and Chris Bramble on percussion. They started performing the material that would become Mother Nature's Kitchen.
McDermott distributed KMO demos to record companies, the recordings now without Bramble, and with Iain Harvie, and they were soon signed to Island Records.
In 1989, KMO recorded Mother Nature’s Kitchen. The line-up for the album recording was Jim McDermott, Steph Greer, Robbie McIntosh, Blair Cowan, and David Crichton. Shortly after the recording was completed, Robbie McIntosh left to play for Paul McCartney, and Marco Rossi joined KMO on electric lead guitar.
Track listing
All songs written by Kevin McDermott.
Wheels Of Wonder – 4:45
Slow Boat to Something Better – 3:54
King of Nothing – 4:18
Diamond – 3:20
Mother Nature's Kitchen – 4:47
Into the Blue – 3:40
Where We Were Meant To Be – 4:00
Statue to A Stone – 3:54
What Comes To Pass – 3:28
Suffocation Blues – 1:51
Angel – 4:32
Healing At The Harbour – 4:37
Personnel
Musicians
Kevin McDermott: Vocals and Rhythm Guitar
Robbie McIntosh: Electric Lead Guitar
Jim McDermott: Drums and Percussion
Stephen Greer: Electric Bass Guitar and Backing Vocals
Blair Cowan: Keyboards
David Crichton: Fiddle
Technical personnel
Engineered by Kenny MacDonald, assisted by David Bowie
Cover photograph by David Hiscock
References
1989 albums |
17329949 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/179th%20Fighter%20Squadron | 179th Fighter Squadron | The 179th Fighter Squadron (179 FS) is a unit of the Minnesota Air National Guard 148th Fighter Wing located at Duluth Air National Guard Base, Minnesota. The 179th is equipped with the General Dynamics F-16C Fighting Falcon.
History
World War II
Training in the United States
The squadron was first organized as the 393d Fighter Squadron at Hamilton Field, California, on 15 July 1943, as one of the original squadrons of the 367th Fighter Group. Several members of its initial cadre were former Flying Tigers with prior combat experience. It was not until late August, however, that the group received its first Bell P-39 Airacobra. After building up its strength, the squadron moved in October to Santa Rosa Army Air Field, California. In December group headquarters and the squadron moved to Oakland Municipal Airport, while the other squadrons of the group were at other locations in northern California. The squadron moved temporarily to Tonopah Army Air Field, Nevada, where it performed dive bombing and gunnery training. Training accidents with the Bell P-39 Airacobra cost several pilots their lives. In January 1944, as it prepared for overseas movement, the 393d was beefed up with personnel from the 328th and 368th Fighter Groups. The squadron staged through Camp Shanks, and sailed for England aboard the . The "Drunken Duchess" docked at Greenock, Scotland on 3 April and the group was transported by train to its airfield at RAF Stoney Cross, England.
P-38 transition and combat operations from England
Having trained on single engine aircraft, the squadrons's pilots were surprised to find Lockheed P-38 Lightnings sitting on Stoney Cross's dispersal pads. Only members of the advance party had any experience flying the Lightning. These pilots had flown combat sorties with the 55th Fighter Group. The change from single engine to twin engine aircraft required considerable retraining for both pilots and ground crew. Although some pilots entered combat with as little as eight hours of flying time on the P-38, in late April the squadron was reinforced by pilots who had trained on the Lightning in the States and were more experienced on the type. However, the lack of instrument training in the P-38 took its toll on the 393d as weather, not enemy action, caused the loss of pilots and airplanes.
On 9 May, the squadron flew its first combat mission, a fighter sweep over Alençon. For the remainer of the month, the unit flew fighter sweeps, bomber escort and dive bombing, missions and suffered its first combat losses.
On D-Day and the next three days the squadron flew missions maintaining air cover over shipping carrying invasion troops. These missions continued for the next three days. The 393d and other P-38 units stationed in England were selected for these missions with the expectation that the distinctive silhouette of the Lightning would prevent potential friendly fire incidents by anti-aircraft gunners mistaking them for enemy fighters. Shortly after the Normandy invasion, on 12 June, the 367th Group was selected to test the ability of the P-38 to carry a 2,000 lb bomb under each wing. The selected target was a railroad yard, and results were mixed. However, on this mission, the squadron scored its first air-to-air victory when Lts James Pinkerton and James Mason teamed up to shoot down a Messerschmitt Me 410 flying near the assigned target.
By mid June German ground forces had withdrawn to defend a perimeter around Cherbourg, a major port whose capture had become more important to the allies with the destruction of Mulberry A, one of the artificial harbors constructed near the Normandy beachhead. An attack by VII Corps on 22 June was to be preceded by low level bombing and strafing attack by IX Fighter Command. Briefed by intelligence to expect a "milk run" The 394th flew at low altitude through what turned out to be a heavily defended area. Within two to three minutes after beginning the attack the squadron lost five pilots. Seven group pilots were killed in action. Nearly all surviving aircraft received battle damage and the entire 367th Group was out of action for several days.
Ninth Air Force moved its medium bomber forces to bases closer to the Continent in July, so they would be able to strike targets near the expanding front in France. The 387th Bombardment Group was moved to Stoney Cross, forcing the 394th to vacate their station and move the short distance to RAF Ibsley. From Ibsley the group struck railroads, marshaling yards, and trains to prevent enemy reinforcements from reaching the front during Operation Cobra, the Allied breakthrough at Saint-Lô in July 1944.
Operations on the European Continent
Starting on 19 July, the 367th Group's forward echelon crossed the English Channel to take up stations in Normandy. Group headquarters shared Beuzeville Airfield with the 371st Fighter Group, while the 393d Squadron was at Cricqueville Airfield, advanced landing grounds made from pierced steel planking. After the breakout of ground forces in the Saint-Lô area, the squadron concentrated on close air support of General Patton's Third Army. In late August, the squadron attacked German Seventh Army convoys which, to prevent being surrounded, were withdrawing eastward from the Falaise pocket. Five convoys and 100 Tiger Tanks were destroyed on one day.
On 22 August the group attacked three Luftwaffe airfields near Laon. The 392d Fighter Squadron dive bombed and destroyed two hangars on one airfield but were jumped by twelve Focke-Wulf Fw 190s as they completed their attack. Eighteen Messerschmitt Me 109s and Fw 190s engaged the 393d as it reformed from its dive bomb run. After bombing its target, the 394th Fighter Squadron turned to reinforce the 392d. The squadrons of the 367th Group claimed fourteen enemy aircraft in total against a loss of one Lightning.
The 393d received a Distinguished Unit Citation when it returned to the Laon area three days later. That day, the 367th Group attacked Luftwaffe airfields at Clastres, Péronne and Rosières-en-Haye through an intense flak barrage. The group then engaged more than thirty Focke-Wulf 190 fighters that had just taken off. Group claims were 25 enemy aircraft destroyed, one probably destroyed and 17 damaged against the loss of 6 group aircraft. Then, despite a low fuel supply, the unit strafed a train and convoy after leaving the scene of battle. Captain Larry Blumer of the 393d destroyed five enemy aircraft becoming an ace on one mission. In the afternoon the squadron conducted a long range fighter sweep of more than 800 miles to airfields in the Dijon-Bordeaux area.
As Allied forces moved forward across France the squadron began leap-frogging to new bases. In early September they relocated at Peray Airfield, but moved again a week later to Clastres Airfield. From Clastres The 393d supported Operation Market-Garden by escorting troop carrier aircraft and attacking flak positions. For its attacks that fall, the squadron was cited in the Order of the Day by the Belgium Army.
In late October, as Ninth Air Force brought its medium bombers to bases in France, the 393d was bumped from its station for the second time by the 387th Bombardment Group, when it moved to Juvincourt Airfield, north of Reims. Juvincourt was a former Luftwaffe base with permanent facilities, in contrast to the advanced landing grounds where the squadron had been based since moving to France. The squadron attacked German strong points to aid the Allied push against the Siegfried Line throughout the fall of 1944.
The German Ardennes Offensive occurred as the holidays approached. A planned move to a field in Belgium was canceled. During the Battle of the Bulge, the 394th, after escorting C-47s on a resupply drop to encircled troops at Bastogne, conducted an armed reconnaissance of the Trier area. The group was engaged by Fw 190s and a 40-minute air battle ensued in which the group claimed eight destroyed, two probably destroyed and nine damaged.
Transition to the P-47 Thunderbolt
Early in 1945 a desire to standardize the fighter-bombers in Ninth Air Force, the squadron transitioned into Republic P-47 Thunderbolts. Pilots flew Lightings on combat missions while training at the same time with the Thunderbolt. The 393d was the first squadron of the 367th Group to fly a combat missions with the P-47s. Using the Thunderbolt the squadron was again cited in a Belgium Army Order of the Day, earning the Belgian Fourragere.
The 393d received a second Distinguished Unit Citation for action on 19 March 1945. The 367th Group's target was the headquarters of Field Marshal Kesselring, the German Commander-ln-Chief, West, at Ziegenburg near Bad Nauheim, Germany. Aircraft of the leading 394th Fighter Squadron would attack at low level to achieve surprise, carrying a 1,000-pound bomb under each wing. The P-47s of the 392d Fighter Squadron would be similarly armed, but would dive bomb from a higher altitude. The bombs were equipped with time-delay fuses intended to crack the concrete roofs of the bunker. The 393d carried napalm intended to seep into the bunkers and burn what remained. The attack was scheduled for a time that intelligence reports indicated would find senior staff and commanders at lunch, the only time they would not be in the reinforced tunnels underneath the castle that housed the headquarters. The target was located in mountainous terrain well defended by antiaircraft artillery. Moreover, to avoid alerting the Germans to the pending attack, photographic reconnaissance aircraft had avoided the area, so detailed target photography was not available. The day of the attack the castle was concealed by ground haze which caused the 394th Fighter Squadron to stray off course at the last minute, preventing them from executing the attack as planned and reducing the element of surprise. Although senior German officers reached the underground bunkers and survived the attack, the group reduced the military complex to ruins, disrupting communications and the flow of intelligence at a critical time.
The squadron struck tanks, trucks, flak positions, and other objectives in support of the assault across the Rhine late in March and the final allied operations in Germany. It was commended by the commanding generals of XII Corps and the 11th Armored Division for the close air support the unit provided for their commands. On 10 April the squadron moved to Eschborn Airfield on the northwest side of Frankfurt, Germany. The 393d flew its last combat mission, a defensive patrol, one year after entering combat on 8 May. During its combat tour, the squadron was credited with 22.5 air-to-air victories over enemy aircraft.
Return to the United States and inactivation
All hostilities ceased the following day, exactly one year after the squadron became operational. On 4 June, the 367th Group led a flyby for General Weyland. On 1 July it was announced the 393d was to redeploy to the Pacific Theater after it was re-equipped with and trained with long range P-47Ns in preparation for Operation Downfall, the invasion of Japan. The squadron moved to Camp Detroit in France then to a staging area near Marseille. Here it boarded two ships, the , and the . When Japan surrendered, the Morton was diverted to Newport News, Virginia, while the Ericcson sailed for Staten Island, New York. Following leave for everyone, the few personnel that remained in the squadron after transfers and discharges reassembled at Seymour Johnson Field, North Carolina, on 2 November and the 393d was inactivated there on 7 November 1945.
Minnesota Air National Guard
The wartime 393d Fighter Squadron was redesignated the 179th Fighter Squadron and was allotted to the National Guard on 24 May 1946. It was organized at Duluth Municipal Airport and was extended federal recognition on 17 September 1948. The squadron was equipped with North American F-51D Mustangs and was assigned to the 133d Fighter Group at Wold-Chamberlain Field, Minneapolis.
Korean War activation
On 1 March 1951, the 179th was federalized and brought to active duty due to the Korean War. Shortly after activation it was redesignated the 179th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron and became part of Air Defense Command. On active duty it assumed an air defense mission and initially remained assigned to the 133d Fighter-Interceptor Group at Duluth Municipal Airport. However, ADC experienced difficulty under the existing wing base organizational structure in deploying its fighter squadrons to best advantage. As a result, in February 1952 the 133d Group was inactivated and the squadron was reassigned to the 31st Air Division. The squadron was inactivated and returned to the control of the State of Minnesota on 1 December 1952.
Cold War
The unit was organized by 1 January 1953 and ADC became its gaining command upon call to active duty. It resumed its peacetime training mission. The squadron upgraded in 1954 to the radar equipped Lockheed F-94 Starfire all-weather interceptor, armed with 20 millimeter cannon. With this new aircraft, the 179th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron became an all-weather interceptor unit. In 1957, the 179th again upgraded to the improved Northrop F-89C Scorpion then in 1959, the unit converted to the F-89J model of the Scorpion, which was not only equipped with data link for interception control through the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment system, but which carried the nuclear armed AIR-2 Genie.
On 1 July 1960, the 179th was authorized to expand to a group level, and the 148th Fighter Group (Air Defense) was established along with supporting squadrons. The 179th became the new group's flying squadron. The other squadrons assigned to the group were the 148th Material Squadron, 148th Air Bse Squadron and the 148th USAF Dispensary. The same day, the squadron assumed a 24-hour air defense alert status at Duluth alongside the regular Air Force 11th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron.
In 1967, the supersonic Convair F-102A Delta Dagger replaced the squadron's F-89J. The McDonnell F-101B Voodoo came aboard in April 1971 and remained until January 1976 when the unit was redesignated, becoming the 179th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron with McDonnell Douglas RF-4C Phantom II Mach-2 unarmed reconnaissance aircraft. Its new mission entailed all weather, high or low altitude, day or night, reconnaissance. This mission also required the unit to have the capability to deploy to a wide variety of operating locations. The 179th TRS deployed seven RF-4Cs to Erding Air Base in West Germany between 3 and 23 August 1979 as part of Exercise Coronet Bridle.
In October 1983, the mission changed again and the 179th returned to air defense becoming the 179th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron. The return to alert and air defense was accompanied by the McDonnell Douglas F-4D Phantom II tactical fighter, most of the unit's aircraft being veterans of the Vietnam War. Between 1 March 1986 and 6 April 1987, three F-4Ds (65-0585, 65-0593 and 65-0648) from the 179th FIS were deployed to Ramstein Air Base, West Germany, alongside Phantoms of the 178th FIS and 194th FIS as part of Exercise Creek Klaxon, which saw the ANG units take QRA responsibilities while the 526th TFS converted to the General Dynamics F-16C Fighting Falcon.
Post-Cold War
On 10 March 1990, the 179th FIS received the first variants of the F-16A Fighting Falcon air defense fighter (ADF) to take over from the F-4D Phantom II. The early F-16 markings included "Duluth" on a tail stripe as well as an image of the Big Dipper. The last flight of a 179th FIS F-4D was under taken by 65-0608 on 17 April 1990. On 17 March 1992, the 179th was renamed the 179th Fighter Squadron. A few years later, in October 1995, the unit was tasked with maintaining a detachment (Detachment 1, 148th Fighter Wing), which maintained alert status at Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida.
To fit the needs of a shrinking air force, the squadron dropped the air superiority role and became a general purpose tactical fighter squadron. Already proficient in the air-to-air mission, the 179th had to be brought up to speed with both using guided and unguided bombs. Live bombs were dropped for the first time in March 2000 during a training exercise. Due to the role change, the squadron's base facilities also had to be renovated.
On 11 September 2001, the squadron became very busy as a result of the attack on the two World Trade Center towers in New York City. As an immediate aftermath, the 148th was again tasked with air defense, providing combat air patrols over the capital and New York City, and with deploying personnel and aircraft back to its detached alert facility at Tyndall.
Towards the end of 2003 the Bulldogs began conversion to the F-16C/D block 25. Most F-16A/Bs were retired straight to the Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration Center. During the course of the conversion, Detachment 1 at Tyndall was discontinued. With the newer Fighting Falcons, the squadron began combat deployments, sometimes operating as an expeditionary fighter squadron. As part of Operation Iraqi Freedom, the 179th was one of the first F-16 units to be based in Balad Air Base, Iraq. The 179th deployed more than 200 personnel between April and June 2005. The squadron was tasked with both air-to-air and air-to-ground combat operations. Another deployment to Balad was set up between September and December 2008.
On 27 April 2010, the squadron began another conversion being the first Air National Guard unit to operate the block 50 F-16C/D when five aircraft arrived from Spangdahlem Air Base, Germany when 22d and 23d Fighter Squadrons at Spangdahlem were replaced by the 480th Fighter Squadron, with the surplus aircraft going to the 179th. The majority of the block 25s were sent to retirement at Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, Arizona.
Between April and July 2016, the 179th deployed to Osan Air Base, South Korea, as the 179th Expeditionary Fighter Squadron, being replaced by the 157th Fighter Squadron. The 179th EFS deployed to Southwest Asia as part of Operation Inherent Resolve between April and August 2018, flying nearly 3,500 hours across over 600 sorties. From 1 to 12 April 2019, the 179th FS deployed to Leeuwarden Air Base in the Netherlands to participate in Exercise Frisian Flag 2019.
Lineage
Constituted as the 393d Fighter Squadron on 26 May 1943
Activated on 15 July 1943
Inactivated on 7 November 1945
Redesignated 179th Fighter Squadron and allotted to the National Guard on 24 May 1946
Extended federal recognition on 17 September 1948
Federalized and placed on active duty on 1 March 1951
Redesignated 179th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron on 23 March 1951
Inactivated and returned to Minnesota state control on 1 December 1952
Activated on 1 December 1952
Redesignated 179th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron on 10 January 1976
Redesignated 179th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron on 15 November 1983
Redesignated 179th Fighter Squadron on 17 March 1992
Assignments
367th Fighter Group, 15 July 1943 – 7 November 1945
133d Fighter Group (later 133d Fighter-Interceptor Group), 17 September 1948
31st Air Division, 6 February 1952
133d Fighter-Interceptor Group, 1 December 1952
133d Air Defense Wing, 1 April 1958
148th Fighter Group (later 148th Tactical Reconnaissance Group, 148th Fighter-Interceptor Group, 148th Fighter Group), 1 July 1960
148th Operations Group, 11 October 1995 – Present
Stations
Hamilton Field, California, 15 July 1943
Santa Rosa Army Air Field, California, 11 October 1943
Oakland Municipal Airport, California, 10 December 1943 – 8 March 1944
RAF Stoney Cross (AAF-452), England, 5 April 1944
RAF Ibsley (AAF-347), England, 6 July 1944
Beuzeville Airfield (A-6), France, 22 July 1944
Cricqueville Airfield (A-2), France, 14 August 1944
Peray Airfield (A-44), France, 4 September 1944
Clastres Airfield (A-71), France, 8 September 1944
Juvincourt Airfield (A-68), France, 28 October 1944
St-Dizier Airfield (A-64), France, 1 February 1945
Conflans Airfield (A-94), France, 14 March 1945
Eschborn Airfield (Y-74), Germany, 20 April – July 1945
Seymour Johnson Field, North Carolina, September-7 November 1945
Duluth Municipal Airport (later Duluth International Airport, Duluth Air National Guard Base), Minnesota, 17 September 1948 – present
Aircraft
Bell P-39 Airacobra, 1943–1944
Lockheed P-38 Lightning, 1944–1945
Republic P-47N Thunderbolt, 1945
North American F-51D Mustang, 1948–1954
Lockheed F-94B Starfire, 1954–1957
Northrop F-89C Scorpion, 1957–1959
Northrop F-89J Scorpion, 1959–1966
Convair F-102A Delta Dagger, 1966–1971
McDonnell F-101B Voodoo, 1971–1976
McDonnell Douglas RF-4C Phantom II, 1976–1983
McDonnell Douglas F-4D Phantom II, 1983–17 April 1990
General Dynamics F-16A/B Fighting Falcon, 10 March 1990 – 2002
General Dynamics F-16C/D Fighting Falcon, 2002 – present
Awards
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award
Winston P. Wilson Award (Outstanding Air National Guard All Weather Interceptor Unit): 1957
Ricks Trophy for excellence: 1967
First place in the William Tell Weapons Competition: 1970
Raytheon Trophy (formerly the Hughes Trophy) Best Fighter Unit in the United States Air Force: Four times, most recently 2009
See also
F-89 Scorpion units of the United States Air Force
F-94 Starfire units of the United States Air Force
General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon operators
List of United States Air Force fighter squadrons
List of United States Air National Guard Squadrons
McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II non-U.S. operators
References
Notes
Citations
Bibliography
External links
Squadrons of the United States Air National Guard
Fighter squadrons of the United States Air Force
Military units and formations of the United States in the Cold War
Military units and formations in Minnesota
Military units and formations established in 1943 |
6900342 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20College%20Boat%20Club%20%28Durham%29 | University College Boat Club (Durham) | University College Boat Club (UCBC) is the rowing club of University College at Durham University in north-east England, with over 100 members, a large boathouse and a fleet of boats.
UCBC has a long history of racing success, winning the Grand Challenge Cup at Durham Regatta more than any other College (though the majority of wins were in the 19th Century) and qualifying for Henley Royal Regatta several times, most recently in 2001.
Founded in 1834, UCBC is the oldest society in Durham and is the oldest Boat Club in the North of England. The club celebrated its 175th anniversary at Durham Regatta in 2009. The Alumni organisation is Floreat Castellum Boat Club (FCBC).
Boathouse and fleet
UCBC uses University College boathouse on the River Wear just below Durham Cathedral and a short walk from the Castle. It is at one end of the rowable stretch of river in Durham, on the Bailey, downstream of Prebends Bridge but upstream of the weir. The boathouse is shared by St Aidan's College Boat Club (SACBC).
It was constructed in the 1880s and used to have a bar and baths. These have since been removed to allow additional racking space. The club shares a landing stage with St Leonard's School Durham who occupy the adjacent boathouse. The original College landing stage was too close to the weir and has been abandoned for many decades.
UCBC owns 3 VIIIs, 8 IVs, and numerous smaller boats. These were manufactured by Vespoli, Stampfli, Janousek, Sims and Browns Boathouse and the oars were produced by Concept2 or Croker.
The club used to own a minibus to travel to races. However it was sold in 2002 and trailer space is now provided by Durham Amateur Rowing Club or Durham University Boat Club.
Races
UCBC competes in many races and regattas both in the North East and the rest of the United Kingdom. Below are some of the events UCBC has competed in over the last few years:
National events
Henley Royal Regatta
The Head of the River Race
Women's Head of the River Race
Heineken Roeivierkamp (Amsterdam)
Head of the River Fours
BUCS Regatta (Nottingham or Glasgow)
Head of the Trent (Nottingham)
Regional events
Durham Regatta
Durham City Regatta
Durham SBH
Hexham Regatta
Rutherford Head
Tees SBH
Tyne Regatta
Tyne Head
York Regatta
York SBH
College events
Novice Cup
Senate Cup
Hayward Cup
Pennant Short Course
Admirals Regatta
A 24-hour indoor rowing marathon is held annually against rival Hatfield College Boat Club. The charity event is jointly run by both clubs in Epiphany term.
Club structure
Any member of University College JCR, MCR or SCR can join UCBC as an ordinary member and any other student of Durham University may join with the President's permission. The club is run by a nine-person executive committee selected annually. These are the President, Men's Captain, Women's Captain, Secretary, Treasurer, Freshwomens Captain, Freshmens Captain, Social Secretary and Boatman. There are also non-executive roles such as Captain of Coxes and Vice Captains. As a tradition, the handover occurs when the 1st VIII crosses the finish line in the race against FCBC at Durham Regatta.
All club members are able to join the club's alumni organisation Floreat Castellum Boat Club. This organises an annual dinner in London as well as an invitational race at Durham Regatta against the current UCBC 1st VIII. All members of FCBC are treated as life members of UCBC.
UCBC holds its own annual Ball each year in Epiphany term. Previous locations include Durham Town Hall, The Royal County Hotel in Durham, The Three Tuns Hotel in Durham and the Assembly Rooms Newcastle.
Club colours
The club blades are cardinal with a white chevron, cardinal being the colour of University College.
The club racing kit is defined for all-in-ones as "black with cardinal side strip" or the club Zephyrs as "White with Cardinal Trim". For winter racing, the club tech tops are "black with cardinal trim". Members of the 1st VIII's are eligible to wear different tech tops; "white with cardinal trim and 1st VIII on the collar".
The club blazer is "white with cardinal trim". 1 or 2 stripes on the sleeves indicate current or past membership of the second or first VIII respectively. This can be worn at all club socials and some college events.
See also
Durham College Rowing
University College, Durham
University rowing (UK)
References
External links
University College Boat Club
University College JCR
University College
1834 establishments in England
Sports clubs established in 1834
Durham University Rowing Clubs |
17329952 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary%204%20U%20and%20Me | Hillary 4 U and Me | "Hillary 4 U And Me" is a music video inspired by the Hillary Clinton 2008 Democratic primaries campaign. The song was created by former Bitfone executive Gene Wang, and performed by Bill Hopkins Rockin’ Orchestra. The video posted on YouTube on September 28, 2007 and soon after spread through Internet blogs which mostly criticized it for being too sappy-sweet and contrived, as demonstrated by the sample lyric "This lady knows how to lead/In this president’s race she will succeed!". The sappy nature of the song made it a hit internet meme, drawing over 500,000 views. The song is also described as a kitschy yet catchy tribute to Senator Clinton. The video was so reviled that some conspiracy theorists even posited that the video may have been secretly created by supporters of primary opponent Barack Obama as a fake failed response to the Yes We Can video.
Gene Wang released another video on April 18, 2008, entitled “Hillary in the House”. This next video contains the lyrics, “for all y’all in the blogosphere who didn’t want to see ‘Hillary 4 U And Me’, we’re not giving in and Hillary is gonna’ win.”
Credits
Music, Recording, Producer: Gene Wang
Band: Bill Hopkins Rockin’ Orchestra
Video: Michael Fasman
Mixing and Mastering: Hal Ratliff
Dedicated to Hillary Clinton supporters around the world.
References
External links
Hillary4U &Me
Hillary in the House
2007 YouTube videos
Works about Hillary Clinton
Internet memes introduced in 2007 |
6900343 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Getting%20Away%20with%20Murder%20%28film%29 | Getting Away with Murder (film) | Getting Away with Murder is a 1996 American black comedy film directed and written by Harvey Miller.
Plot
Ethics professor Jack Lambert's (Dan Aykroyd) neighbor Max Mueller (Jack Lemmon) is revealed on the TV news to be escaped Nazi war criminal Karl Luger, whom the courts sentenced to death. Pressured by the news media's allegations, Mueller plans escape to South America.
Angered that Mueller might never pay for his crimes, Lambert takes the drastic step of poisoning him by injecting cyanide into some of the fruit in Mueller's apple tree, from which he regularly makes freshly juiced apple juice. The police initially believe it's a suicide, greatly upsetting Lambert, who mails them a cryptic letter explaining that it was actually a murder to carry out the court sentence and to avenge all the lives taken.
Later, the TV news reveals that Mueller was misidentified and is innocent. Feeling guilty, Lambert atones by dumping his fiancée Gail (Bonnie Hunt) and marrying Mueller's daughter Inga (Lily Tomlin). However, after the wedding, Lambert receives information assuring him of Mueller's guilt.
Cast
Reception
This was veteran writer and director Harvey Miller's final project. It received poor reviews from critics.
Roger Ebert gave the film two out of four stars, writing, "Here is a film that tries to find comedy in the Holocaust, and it looks in the wrong places, in the wrong way, and becomes a sad embarrassment."
Nathan Rabin wrote, "Murder suffers from what I call Craig Brewer Syndrome [...] Filmmakers afflicted with Craig Brewer Syndrome make the least offensive films out of the most offensive premises. [...] Lemmon and Tomlin deliver better performances than the material warrants. A deceptively playful Lemmon is plausible as both a genocidal monster in hiding and a harmless old man and Tomlin's uncompromising performance is refreshingly devoid of sentimentality. Yet their best efforts are wasted in a movie that aspires to make audiences laugh and think and only achieves half its goals."
Home Media
After the film's theatrical run, HBO released the movie onto VHS. In 2004, the film was finally released on DVD. The DVD is now discontinued and as of March 29, 2010, neither HBO or Focus Features, the latter of which has begun to acquire some of Savoy's movies, has announced any plans to release a new DVD of the film.
References
External links
1996 films
1990s black comedy films
Savoy Pictures films
Films about Nazi fugitives
Films about Nazi hunters
Films scored by John Debney
Poisoning in film
1996 comedy films |
23572193 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Babar%20episodes | List of Babar episodes | This is a complete list of episodes from the original animated television show Babar, which was based on the famous book series for children, Babar the Elephant. The series aired from Sunday, April 2, 1989 to Wednesday, June 5, 1991 on CBC on their CBC Television block (seasons 1-3) and Global TV (seasons 4-5).
Series overview
{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
! colspan=2| Season
! Episodes
! First aired
! Last aired
! Network
|-
| style="width:5px; background:#81D8D0"|
| [[List of Babar episodes#Season 1 (1989)|1]]
| 13
|
|
| rowspan=3| CBC Television
|-
| bgcolor="FF54C1"|
| [[List of Babar episodes#Season 2 (1989)|2]]
| 13
|
|
|-
| bgcolor="00BB00"|
| [[List of Babar episodes#Season 3 (1990)|3]]
| 13
|
|
|-
| bgcolor="FFFF00"|
| [[List of Babar episodes#Season 4 (1991)|4]]
| 13
|
|
| rowspan=2| Global TV
|-
| bgcolor="8D8DFF"|
| [[List of Babar episodes#Season 5 (1991)|5]]
| 13
|
|
|}
Episodes
Season 1 (1989)
Babar: The Movie (28 July 1989)
Season 2 (1989)
Season 3 (1990)
Season 4 (1991)
Season 5 (1991)
References
Lists of Canadian children's animated television series episodes |
6900352 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jutta%20R%C3%BCdiger | Jutta Rüdiger | Jutta Rüdiger (14 June 1910 – 13 March 2001) was a German psychologist and head of the Nazi Party's female youth organisation, the League of German Girls (Bund Deutscher Mädel, BDM), from 1937 to 1945.
Early career
Born in Berlin but brought up in Düsseldorf where her father was an engineer, Rüdiger was trained as a psychologist. While a student at Würzburg in the 1920s, she became a convinced Nazi and joined the National Socialist German Students' League (Nationalsozialistischer Deutscher Studentenbund). From 1933 she was an assistant psychologist at the Institute for Occupational Research in Düsseldorf. She also became active in the leadership of the BDM, which had been started in 1930 as a girls' auxiliary to the male-only Hitler Youth, but which grew rapidly after the Nazis came to power in January 1933. In 1935 she became BDM Leader in the Ruhr-Lower Rhine region. In November 1937 she became Leader of the BDM, at which time she joined the Nazi Party, succeeding Trude Mohr, who had vacated the position on her marriage, as Nazi policy required.
Career in the Reich
As BDM Leader, Rüdiger had the title Reichs Deputy of the BDM (Reichsreferentin des BDM). This signified that her position was subordinate to the overall Nazi Youth Leader (Reichsjugendführer), Baldur von Schirach (and his successor from 1940, Artur Axmann). This was in accordance with Nazi policy that women and their organisations must always be subordinate to male leadership. Schirach was zealous in preventing the BDM becoming autonomous, or coming under the control of the Nazi Women's Organisation (Nationalsozialistische Frauenschaft, NSF), whose Leader Gertrud Scholtz-Klink he regarded as a rival.
Membership of the BDM became compulsory for girls between 10 and 18 in 1936, and the law was strengthened in 1939, but membership was never as universal as membership of the Hitler Youth was for boys. The destiny of BDM girls under the Nazi state was to become wives and mothers to Nazi men, bearing many children to increase the strength of the Aryan race.
According to Rüdiger, leader of the League of German Girls in 1937:The task of our Girls League is to bring up our girls as torch bearers of the national-socialist world. We need girls who are at harmony between their bodies, souls and spirits. And we need girls who, through healthy bodies and balanced minds, embody the beauty of divine creation. We want to bring up girls who believe in Germany and our leader, and who will pass these beliefs on to their future children.
By 1941, however, there was an acute labour shortage in Germany as some men were conscripted and sent to the front, and the BDM girls were increasingly pressed into compulsory labour service, usually either on farms or in munitions factories, with girls from upper or middle-class families going into office jobs. Rüdiger came to preside over a female work force of several millions, directing them as the economic ministries requested additional labour.
From 1943 onwards, the BDM also supplied thousands of girls for work in flak (anti-aircraft) batteries guarding German cities. By means of this, the Nazi system would allow young women to come to combat service. Girls as young as 13 operated flak batteries, fired guns and shot down Allied planes. Many were killed when their batteries were hit by bombs or machine-gun fire from Allied fighters. Later in the war, BDM girls fought against the advancing Allied armies.
Arrest and later life
Rüdiger was arrested by American forces in 1945, and spent two and a half years in detention. Rüdiger was not charged with any specific offence, and was never brought to trial. Upon her release, she resumed her career as a paediatric psychologist in Düsseldorf. According to a recent historian, she remained "an unreconstructed Nazi". In a 2000 interview she said: "National Socialism is not repeatable. One can take over only the values which we espoused: comradeship, readiness to support one another, bravery, self-discipline and not least honour and loyalty. Apart from these, each young person must find their way alone." From 1940 to 1991, she lived in a lesbian relationship with her cooperator Hedy Böhmer. She died in 2001 at Bad Reichenhall, Bavaria.
Publications
Jutta Rüdiger Der Bund Deutscher Mädel: eine Richtigstellung, Lindhorst: Askania, c1984
abridged electronic version
Der Bund Deutscher Mädel in Dokumenten: Materialsammlung zur Richtigstellung; Hrsg.: Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Jugendforschung GBR, Lindhorst. Zsgest. von Jutta Rüdiger. Lindhorst: Askania
References
Further reading
"Ein Leben für die Jugend" - Dr. Jutta Rüdiger
Gisela Miller-Kipp (ed.), "Auch Du gehörst dem Führer": die Geschichte des Bundes Deutscher Mädel (BDM) in Quellen und Dokumenten, Weinheim: Juventa, 2001, pp. 41ff.
1910 births
2001 deaths
Hitler Youth members
Nazi Party members
German psychologists
German women psychologists
LGBT people in the Nazi Party
LGBT people from Germany
20th-century psychologists
German prisoners of war in World War II held by the United States
20th-century German women
20th-century LGBT people |
23572200 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fight%20Night%20%281985%20video%20game%29 | Fight Night (1985 video game) | Fight Night is a boxing video game developed by Sydney Development Corporation and published by Accolade in the United States and by U.S. Gold in the United Kingdom. It was initially released in 1985 for the Apple II, Atari 8-bit family, and Commodore 64. The game includes both a single player mode and multiplayer mode. It includes the ability to customize the player's boxer. In total, there are five boxers to beat.
The Atari 8-bit version was republished on cartridge by Atari Corporation in 1987, after the release of the Atari XEGS. It was followed by an Atari 7800 port in 1988.
Reception
Rick Teverbaugh reviewed the game for Computer Gaming World, and stated that "The game could have been much better. The graphics are good and it is possible to create your own characters and save them to disk for future use. My only question is why would you want to?"
Fight Night was Accolade's third best-selling Commodore game as of late 1987.
Antic described the Atari 8-bit version as "entertaining, frustrating and not just a bit silly (which is one of its strengths)". The magazine concluded that "Fight Night'''s primary function is to involve you and make you laugh, not to precisely mimic the action in a boxing ring. It de-brutalizes the sport, which is a point in its favor". Computer and Video Games'' rated the 7800 version 80% in 1989.
References
External links
Fight Night at Atari Mania
1985 video games
Accolade (company) games
Apple II games
Atari 7800 games
Atari 8-bit family games
Commodore 64 games
Fighting games
Video games developed in Canada |
23572211 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata%20Steel%20United%20F.C. | Tata Steel United F.C. | Tata Steel United F.C. (formerly Tata Steel F.C, Corus Steel F.C, British Steel (Port Talbot) F.C.) is a football club from Port Talbot. They currently play in the South Wales Alliance League Second Division.
History
The club played in the South Wales Amateur League as British Steel (Port Talbot) before changing its name in 2003 to Corus Steel. The following year the club finished runners-up in Division 1 - and followed this up again with another second-place finish in 2005–06. In the 2008–09 season they improved on this, winning promotion to the Welsh Football League Division Three as champions. In 2010–11 the club finished as runner-up, winning promotion to the Welsh Football League Division Two.
In the 2011–12 season the club changed its name to Tata Steel F.C. following the purchase of the company by Tata Steel. The team finished second, again sealing promotion to Welsh Football League Division One, the second tier of the Welsh football league system. After two poor seasons (where they finished 14th in each season from 15 or 16 club divisions), at the end of the second season they were relegated to Division 2.
The club folded in 2016, but was reformed as Tata Steel United F.C. in 2016.
At the end of the 2018–19 season the club won promotion from the Port Talbot Football League Premier Division to the South Wales Alliance League through the play-offs.
See also
Jamshedpur FC, a football club in India which is also owned by Tata Steel
Honours
Welsh Football League Division Two – Runners-Up: 2011–12
Welsh Football League Division Three – Runners-Up: 2010–11
South Wales Amateur League Division One – Champions: 2008–09
South Wales Amateur League Division One – Runners-up: 2004–05; 2005–06
Port Talbot Football League Premier Division – Champions: 2018–19
References
External links
Tata Steel United F.C. official website
Association football clubs established in 1954
Football clubs in Wales
1954 establishments in Wales
Sport in Port Talbot
Welsh Football League clubs
South Wales Alliance League clubs
Port Talbot Football League clubs
South Wales Amateur League clubs
Works association football teams in Wales |
6900353 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankston%20High%20School | Frankston High School | Frankston High School (abbreviated as FHS) or simply Frankston High, is a government-funded co-educational high school, located in , Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The school offers education for students from Year 7 to Year 12.
School profile
Frankston High School is a large multi-campus co-educational facility situated in Frankston South. The Year 7 to 10 and Senior School (Years 11 and 12) campuses occupy sites across from one another.
The school has formed a partnership, the Frankston Federation of Schools, with the main neighbourhood primary schools Derinya, Overport, Frankston and Frankston Heights. Through this federation, staff and resources are shared. A transition program helps students adjust from primary to secondary school.
In 2006 a Tablet PC programme was launched, which created two "streams" for students to take either tablet, or non-tablet classes from the commencement of Year 7 onwards. The tablet programme was for students to use technology every day in all classes for their education. In 2015, the two streams were merged, and it was made compulsory for all students to purchase a Windows Surface Pro prior to commencing Year 7, as part of their school resources.
Frankston High School was ranked 16th out of all state secondary schools in Victoria based on VCE results in 2018.
Sustainability
An updated school sustainability policy was ratified by the school's parent council in late 2014.
In 2015 the St Kilda Eco Centre awarded students in the Eco Team a scholarship to participate in a Polperro Dolphin Swim, recognizing their investigation of micro-plastics at Frankston foreshore.
Languages
Both Japanese and French languages are established in the curriculum from Year 7 to Year 12. Sister city and sister school programmes have been established in Japan, France and Soweto, South Africa. The school operates an overseas exchange program, with Frankston High School students on exchange programs in other countries and a number of overseas students studying at Frankston.
Music
There are seven bands operating and approximately 200 students involved in the instrumental music program. Students perform regularly at assemblies and special events and rehearse in a music centre. Concert band and stage band are the two main bands which are available for students at Frankston, as well as smaller, varying music ensembles, such as the guitar ensemble. The establishment of the Harry McGurk Music Scholarship has helped students to continue with these opportunities.
Sport
Frankston High offers an array of elective sports programmes. The facilities include a basketball stadium, indoor swimming pool, gymnasium, weight room, and a new multipurpose sports ground for such sports as netball, hockey, tennis, etc.
Surf life saving
For several years, the school has been involved in the Victorian Youth Development Program (VYPD), now known as Advance, which involves surf life saving and is run with the assistance of Surf Life Saving Victoria.
Specialist programmes
The school operates Hands On Learning, Pathways and Corrective Reading programs to cater for students with different learning styles and needs.
School magazine
A school magazine entitled Kananook is published every year. It looks back over the year and recognises what the school has accomplished.
House competition
The four houses are:
Bass (formerly Janaralong; blue)
Collins (formerly Asatangneen; green)
Flinders (formerly Kananook; gold)
Murray (formerly Eumemmering; red)
The houses' names come from early explorers of Victoria and the Port Phillip region - George Bass, William Collins, Matthew Flinders, and John Murray.
The houses compete in three major competitions: swimming, athletics and cross country.
Sister schools
Frankston is the sister city of Susono, Shizuoka in Japan. The school maintains a sister school relationship with Kawaguchi-Kita High School in the Greater Tokyo Area, which began in 1988. Regular cultural visits and student exchanges take place between these schools.
Frankston also has a sister school relationship with Lycée Jean Zay, in Orléans, France. Students regularly visit and exchange between the two, with four-month twin exchanges during the summer holidays. Students of French have the chance to visit France every second year, with a group extending their visit to include Italian Art galleries.
Frankston High School also has a sister school relationship with Letsibogo Girls' High School in Soweto, South Africa. In conjunction with Mentone Girls' Secondary College and Mac.Robertson Girls' High School the school sponsors three girls, enabling them to spend a year studying and implementing GIS in Australia, hosted by school families.
See also
List of high schools in Victoria
References
External links
School website
Educational institutions established in 1924
Public high schools in Melbourne
1924 establishments in Australia
Frankston, Victoria |
6900355 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accommodative%20convergence | Accommodative convergence | Accommodative convergence is that portion of the range of inward rotation of both eyes (i.e. convergence) that occurs in response to an increase in optical power for focusing by the crystalline lens (i.e. accommodation). When the human eye engages the accommodation system to focus on a near object, signal is automatically sent to the extraocular muscles that are responsible for turning their eyes inward. This is helpful for maintaining single, clear, and comfortable vision during reading or similar near tasks. However, errors in this relationship can cause problems, such as hyperopic individuals having a tendency for crossed eyes because of the over exertion of their accommodation system.
Clinically, accommodative convergence is measured as a ratio of convergence, measured in prism diopters, to accommodation, measured in diopters of near demand. The patient is instructed to make a near target perfectly clear and their phoria is measured as the focusing demand on the eye is changed with lenses.
To determine stimulus AC/A, the denominator refers to the value of the stimulus, whereas to determine response
AC/A, the actual accommodation elicited is the denominator. Determination of response AC/A an increase in AC/A mainly after 40 years of age,
whereas assessment of the stimulus AC/A does not show change in AC/A with increasing age. Whether
there is a significant increase in the response AC/A
before age 40 is unclear. Research on convergence
accommodation (CA) shows a decrease in CA/C,
whether measured by response or stimulus methods,
with increasing age.
Schor C, Narayan V. Graphical analysis of prism adaptation, convergence accommodation, and accommodative convergence. Am J Optom Physiol Optics.
1982;59:774-784.
10. Wick B, Currie D. Convergence accommodation: Laborator)' and clinical evaluation. Optom Vis Sci.
1991;68:226-231.
See also
Convergence insufficiency
Negative relative accommodation
Positive relative accommodation
References
Eye |
23572237 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jairo%20Neira | Jairo Neira | Jairo Neira (born 1987) is a Chilean footballer and his position is midfielder.
References
BDFA profile
1987 births
Living people
Chilean footballers
C.D. Arturo Fernández Vial footballers
Universidad de Concepción footballers
Curicó Unido footballers
Association football midfielders
Chilean Primera División players
Primera B de Chile players
Expatriate footballers in Paraguay |
20467703 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcello%20Giordani | Marcello Giordani | Marcello Giordani (born Marcello Guagliardo; 25 January 1963 – 5 October 2019) was an Italian operatic tenor who sang leading roles of the Italian and French repertoire in opera houses throughout Europe and the United States. He had a distinguished association with the New York Metropolitan Opera, where he sang in over 240 performances from the time of his debut there in 1993. He founded the Marcello Giordani Foundation to help young opera singers.
Biography
Giordani was born on 25 January 1963 in the small town of Augusta, Sicily. His father, a former prison guard, was the owner of a major gasoline station in the town, and his mother was a housewife. He showed a talent for singing at an early age and took private lessons in Augusta as well as singing in a church choir. When he was nineteen, he quit his job in a bank. He studied voice first in Catania and from 1983 in Milan with Nino Carta. Giordani made his professional operatic debut in 1986 as the Duke in Rigoletto at the Festival dei Due Mondi in Spoleto. His debut at La Scala came two years later when he sang Rodolfo in La bohème. He went on to sing throughout Italy and Europe, and in 1988, he made his American debut singing Nadir in Les pêcheurs de perles with Portland Opera, a company with which he frequently appeared early in his career. Engagements with several other American opera companies followed, including San Francisco Opera, Seattle Opera, Los Angeles Opera and the Opera Company of Philadelphia. He performed at the Vienna State Opera first in 1992 as Sänger in Der Rosenkavalier by Richard Strauss, and appeared there in 14 roles in 72 performances. Giordani made his Metropolitan Opera debut in 1993 as Nemorino in a Parks performance of L'elisir d'amore opposite Maria Spacagna as Adina. His first performance on the actual stage at the Metropolitan Opera House was on 11 December 1995 as Rodolfo to Hei-Kyung Hong's Mimì with Carlo Rizzi conducting.
In 1994, vocal problems that begun to surface in the previous years became more acute. He began to retrain his voice with Bill Schuman in New York but did not cancel his engagements. In 1995 he sang Alfredo in La traviata at Covent Garden under Sir Georg Solti, whose guidance he credited as a great help in the rebuilding of his career. In 1997, Giordani again sang at Covent Garden under Solti (as Gabriele Adorno in Simon Boccanegra), in what turned out to be the final opera performances that Solti would ever conduct. His career at the Met, which had initially been sporadic, began to flourish. He sang over 240 performances with the company, in 27 roles, including the leading tenor roles in the Met's premieres of Benvenuto Cellini and Il pirata. He also sang in the Met's season opening performances in both 2006 (Pinkerton in Madama Butterfly) and 2007 (Edgardo in Lucia di Lammermoor), and on 18 September 2008, he was the tenor soloist in the Met's performance of Verdi's Requiem in memory of Luciano Pavarotti. A reviewer for The New York Times wrote that he sang Pinkerton "with full-bodied Italianate passion; warm, rich tone; and clarion top notes".
Amongst the other opera houses and festivals where Giordani performed during his career were the Opernhaus Zürich, Vienna State Opera, Opéra National de Paris, Gran Teatre del Liceu in Barcelona, Deutsche Oper Berlin, Houston Grand Opera, Maggio Musicale Fiorentino, Teatro dell'Opera di Roma, Teatro Regio di Parma, Teatro Regio di Torino, Teatro Massimo Bellini di Catania, Arena di Verona, the Verbier Festival, and the Festival Puccini in Torre del Lago. In August 2008, Giordani appeared in concert with Salvatore Licitra and Ramón Vargas in Beijing's Great Hall of the People during the first week of the 2008 Olympic Games. 2008 also saw his appointment as Artistic Director for Musical Events at Città della Notte, a new arts center near Augusta. In December 2008 he gave his first master classes there.
In 2010, Giordani created the Marcello Giordani Foundation to help young opera singers at the beginning of their careers. The first annual Marcello Giordani Vocal Competition was held in Sicily in 2011.
Giordani met his wife, Wilma, when he was singing in Lucerne in 1988. They married two years later. The couple and their two sons lived in New York and Sicily. Giordani died of a heart attack at his home in Augusta on 5 October 2019 at the age of 56.
Operatic repertoire
Vincenzo Bellini
Il pirata (Gualtiero)
I puritani (Arturo)
La straniera (Arturo)
Hector Berlioz
Benvenuto Cellini (Cellini)
La damnation de Faust (Faust)
Les Troyens (Énée)
Requiem
Georges Bizet
Carmen (Don Jose)
Les pêcheurs de perles (Nadir)
Francesco Cilea
Adriana Lecouvreur (Maurizio)
Gaetano Donizetti
La favorite (Fernand)
La fille du régiment (Tonio)
Lucia di Lammermoor (Edgardo)
Lucrezia Borgia (Gennaro)
L'elisir d'amore (Nemorino)
Umberto Giordano
Andrea Chénier (Chenier)
Charles Gounod
Faust (Faust)
Roméo et Juliette (Romeo)
Jules Massenet
Manon (Des Grieux)
Werther (Werther)
Giacomo Meyerbeer
Les Huguenots (Raoul)
Jacques Offenbach
Les contes d'Hoffmann (Hoffmann)
Amilcare Ponchielli
La Gioconda (Enzo)
Giacomo Puccini
Edgar (Edgar)
La bohème (Rodolfo)
La fanciulla del West (Dick Johnson)
Madama Butterfly (Pinkerton)
Manon Lescaut (Des Grieux)
Tosca (Mario Cavaradossi)
Turandot (Calaf)
Gioachino Rossini
Guillaume Tell (Arnold)
Richard Strauss
Der Rosenkavalier (Italian singer)
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Eugene Onegin (Lensky)
Giuseppe Verdi
Attila (Foresto)
Don Carlo (Don Carlo)
I vespri siciliani (Arrigo)
Il trovatore (Manrico)
La forza del destino (Alvaro)
La traviata (Alfredo)
Les vêpres siciliennes (Henri)
Luisa Miller (Rodolfo)
Requiem Rigoletto (The Duke)
Simon Boccanegra (Gabriele Adorno)
Un ballo in maschera (Riccardo)
Ernani (Ernani)
Riccardo Zandonai
Francesca da Rimini (Paolo Malatesta)
Discography
Giordano made DVD recordings of complete operas, and recorded tenor recitals on CD, including:
La bohème (Cristina Gallardo-Domâs, Elena Mosuc, Marcello Giordani, Michael Volle, Cheyne Davidson, László Polgár; Opernhaus Zürich Orchestra and Chorus; Franz Welser-Möst, conductor). Label: EMI Classics (DVD)
La Gioconda (Lucia Mazzaria, Marcello Giordani, Alberto Mastromarino, Julia Gertseva, Lidia Tirendi, Michael Ryssov, Andrea Cortese, Valerio Saggi; Teatro Massimo Bellini di Catania Orchestra, Chorus, and Corps de Ballet; Donato Renzetti, conductor). Label: Kikko Classics (DVD)
Madama Butterfly (Fiorenza Cedolins, Francesca Franci, Marcello Giordani, Juan Pons, Carlo Bosi; Arena di Verona Orchestra and Chorus; Daniel Oren, conductor). Label: TDK (DVD)
Manon Lescaut (Karita Mattila, Marcello Giordani, Dwayne Croft, Dale Travis; Metropolitan Opera Orchestra and Chorus; James Levine, conductor). Label: EMI Classics (DVD)
Steven Mercurio: Many Voices (Andrea Bocelli, Marcello Giordani, Rolando Villazón, Sumi Jo, and Gino Quilico; Prague Philharmonic Orchestra; Steven Mercurio, conductor). Label: Sony/BMG (CD)
A Midsummer Night's Dream – Soundtrack (Marcello Giordani, Cecilia Bartoli, Renée Fleming, Roberto Alagna) Label: Decca (CD)
Sicilia Bella (Marcello Giordani, tenor; Teatro Massimo Bellini di Catania Orchestra; Steven Mercurio, conductor). Label: VAI (CD)
Tenor Arias (Marcello Giordani, tenor; Teatro Massimo Bellini di Catania Orchestra; Steven Mercurio, conductor). Label: Naxos (CD)
Verdi: Jérusalem (Marcello Giordani, Roberto Scandiuzzi, Marina Mescheriakova; Orchestre de la Suisse Romande; Fabio Luisi, conductor). Label: Universal/Philips (CD)
Viva Verdi A 100th Anniversary Celebration'' (Compilation – various artists). Label: Decca (CD)
References
External links
Marcello Giordani Foundation marcellogiordani-foundation.org
Official biography, Atelier Musicale Artist Management
Reviews, articles, photos and list of future performances for Marcello Giordani on TheOperaCritic.com
Video
Intervista al tenore Marcello Giordani Interview (in Italian) – Augusta, January 2008
"Nessun dorma" from Turandot Marcello Giordani & Friends concert – Augusta, January 3, 2008
"E vui durmiti ancora" Marcello Giordani & Friends concert – Augusta, January 3, 2008
"Cielo e mar" from La Gioconda – Teatro Massimo Bellini, Catania, 2006
"Amis, amis secondez ma vengeance" from Guillaume Tell – Opera Orchestra of New York, 2005
Finale from Guillaume Tell (Thomas Hampson, Marcello Giordani, Hasmik Papian, and Gaele Le Roi) – Opéra Bastille, 2003
"Sempre libera" from La traviata (June Anderson and Marcello Giordani) – Avery Fisher Hall, New York, 1997.
Final trio from Faust (June Anderson, Marcello Giordani, and Jeffrey Wells) – Lincoln Center, New York, 1996
Act I duet from La traviata (Carol Vaness and Marcello Giordani) – Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, 10 July 1995
Sextet: "Chi mi frena in tal momento" from Lucia di Lammermoor (Renée Fleming, Dolora Zajick, Luciano Pavarotti, Marcello Giordani, Paul Plishka, and Haijing Fu) – Lincoln Center, 1991
1963 births
2019 deaths
People from Augusta, Sicily
Italian operatic tenors
20th-century Italian male opera singers
21st-century Italian male opera singers |
6900366 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrzej%20Smolik | Andrzej Smolik | Andrzej Smolik (born 10 February 1970, in Swinoujscie) is a Polish musician, composer, music producer, and multi-instrumentalist. He began his career as a keyboard player in the band Wilki in 1993. Later he collaborated with Wilki's vocalist, Robert Gawliński on the production of his solo album Solo. In 1996 and 1997 Smolik worked with the group Hey. He also collaborated with Hey's vocalist Kasia Nosowska on her solo album Milena in 1998. In following years he continued to work with Nosowska and Gawliński on their subsequent solo projects. He also worked with DJ Novika and with the group Myslovitz, and Artur Rojek, Mika Urbaniak, Krzysztof Krawczyk. Smolik won the national "Fryderyk" award for composers in 2003 and 2004. And in 2004 he won a 'Polityka's Passport Award' from one of the biggest opinion-forming newsmagazines in Poland - Polityka ("Politics"). His solo albums are Smolik (2001), Smolik 2 (2003), 3 (2006) and "4" (2010).
Discography
References
1970 births
Living people
Musicians from Świnoujście
Polish keyboardists
Polish record producers |
23572243 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil%20Courtney | Neil Courtney | Neil Courtney (born 13 September 1956) is an English former rugby union and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1970s and 1980s. He played club level rugby union (RU) for Bury RUFC, and representative level rugby league (RL) for Great Britain, and at club level for Higginshaw ARLFC (in Higginshaw, Oldham), St. Helens, Warrington (Heritage № 804) and Wigan (Heritage № 805), as a or , i.e. number 8 or 10, or, 11 or 12, during the era of contested scrums.
Background
Neil Courtney was born in Leigh, Lancashire, England.
Playing career
International honours
Neil Courtney won a cap for Great Britain (RL) while at Warrington in 1982 against Australia (interchange/substitute).
Challenge Cup Final appearances
Neil Courtney played left-, i.e. number 8, in Wigan's 28-24 victory over Hull F.C. in the 1985 Challenge Cup Final during the 1984–85 season at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 4 May 1985.
County Cup Final appearances
Neil Courtney played left-, i.e. number 8, in Warrington's 26-10 victory over Wigan in the 1980 Lancashire County Cup Final during the 1980–81 season at Knowsley Road, St. Helens, on Saturday 4 October 1980, played left- in the 16-0 victory over St. Helens in the 1982 Lancashire County Cup Final during the 1982–83 season at Central Park, Wigan on Saturday 23 October 1982, and played left- in Wigan's 18-26 defeat by St. Helens in the 1984 Lancashire County Cup Final during the 1984–85 season at Central Park, Wigan on Sunday 28 October 1984.
John Player Trophy Final appearances
Neil Courtney played left-, i.e. number 8, in Warrington's 12-5 victory over Barrow in the 1980–81 John Player Trophy Final during the 1980–81 season at Central Park, Wigan on Saturday 24 January 1981.
Club career
Neil Courtney signed for St. Helens on 21 November 1974, he made his début for St. Helens as an interchange/substitute in the 10-9 victory over York at Clarence Street, York on Sunday 6 April 1975, he made his starting début for St. Helens in the 22-31 defeat by Wales in the testimonial friendly at Knowsley Road, St. Helens on Sunday 20 April 1975, he made his competitive starting début for St. Helens in the 15-29 defeat by Featherstone Rovers at Post Office Road, Featherstone on Sunday 5 October 1975, he played his last match for St. Helens in the 21-25 defeat by Salford at The Willows, Salford on Friday 7 September 1979, he made his début for Warrington on Wednesday 26 September 1979, and he played his last match for Warrington on Sunday 9 October 1983, he made his début for Wigan as an interchange/substitute in the 10-22 defeat by Fulham RLFC at Craven Cottage, Fulham on 19 February 1984, he scored his only try for Wigan in the 18-36 defeat by Leeds at Headingley Rugby Stadium, Leeds on 31 March 1985, and he played his last match for Wigan as an interchange/substitute in the 14-8 victory over New Zealand in the 1985 New Zealand tour of England and France match at Central Park, Wigan on 6 October 1985.
References
External links
!Great Britain Statistics at englandrl.co.uk (statistics currently missing due to not having appeared for both Great Britain, and England)
Statistics at wigan.rlfans.com
Statistics at wolvesplayers.thisiswarrington.co.uk
Profile at saints.org.uk
1956 births
Living people
English rugby league players
English rugby union players
Great Britain national rugby league team players
Rugby league players from Leigh, Greater Manchester
Rugby league props
Rugby league second-rows
Rugby union players from Leigh, Greater Manchester
St Helens R.F.C. players
Warrington Wolves players
Wigan Warriors players |
6900403 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P.J.%20Cuddy | P.J. Cuddy | PJ Cuddy was a hurling player with Laois and Camross. He was voted on the "Laois Team of the Millennium", and has been called "the best full forward of his generation" by the Leinster Express.
Biography
Cuddy played with Laois for more than 15 years. The youngest of a family of 11, Cuddy acquired a passion for hurling at an early age. He was just 18 when he won his first Laois Senior Hurling Championship medal with Camross in 1976. Later that season, Camross captured the Leinster Senior Club Hurling Championship title with a victory over James Stephens (Kilkenny). They subsequently beat Ballycran (Down) in the All-Ireland semi-final but were denied the final title by Cork kingpins Glen Rovers.
Cuddy went on to captain the Laois under 21 team in 1979. Laois reached the Leinster final that year but their captain missed the defeat to Offaly after being sent off in an earlier game. It was the only time in his career that he missed a game through suspension.
The following year, Cuddy was promoted to the senior team (his brothers Ger and Sean had also played senior for Laois) and he made his debut as a substitute in a National Hurling League defeat to Clare at Portlaoise. He was selected from the start for Laois’ next outing against Antrim.
Despite the defeat to Clare, the O’Moore County succeeded in gaining promotion to Division 1 in 1981 and were drawn to face Tipperary in the quarter-final. Tipp were favourites, but two goals from Cuddy turned the game in Laois’ favour. They subsequently lost to neighbours and bogey side Offaly at the penultimate round stage.
A Railway Cup winner with Leinster in 1988, Cuddy brought his inter-county career to a close in 1996 with no silverware to show for his years of service. At club level, however, he garnered 12 county senior championship medals. The Cuddy name is synonymous with Camross hurling. At one stage, there were seven Cuddys on the club's senior team.
Twenty years on from his first Leinster club championship success, Cuddy won his second Leinster medal in 1996 when Camross defeated O’Toole's of Dublin in the provincial decider. Camross’ bid for the All-Ireland title was eventually ended by Athenry of Galway.
In 2009, he became the new manager of Camross.
References
Laois inter-county hurlers
Camross hurlers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people |
20467712 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matsari | Matsari | Matsari (मत्सरी) is a village of Durga Bhagwati rural municipality in Rautahat District in the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal. It is one of the highly famous village of Maithil Brahmins (e.g. Jha, Mishra,Thakur) in Nepal.
The village takes its name from "matsa" which means fish. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census, there was a population of 3,157 people living in 564 individual households. The literacy of this village is higher than any of the others in the country. The village is situated at the bank of Bagmati river. It lies around 8 kilometers north of the district headquarters Gaur. Most of the people of the village are employed in the "Government Service" of Nepal. "Durga-puja" of "Dashara" is very famous here, many people from various villages show up to observe the festival.
Bhojpuri, Bajika, and Maithili are the languages spoken in the village.
References
Populated places in Rautahat District |
23572264 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemaka | Hemaka | Hemaka was an important official during the long reign of the First Dynasty Egyptian pharaoh Den. Radiocarbon dating research undertaken during the 1950s suggested a date for Hemaka lifetime ca. 3100 BC.
One of Hemaka's titles was that of "seal-bearer of the king of Lower Egypt", effectively making him chancellor and second in power only to the king.
The tomb of Hemaka is larger than the king's own tomb, and for years was mistakenly thought of as belonging to Den. It was first excavated by Cecil Mallaby Firth in 1931 and work was continued under the supervision of Walter Bryan Emery starting in 1936.
This tomb, located in the northern part of Saqqara, contained many grave goods from this era, including numerous what appear to be gaming discs and a circular wooden box containing the earliest surviving piece of papyrus. The wealth of goods from this tomb as well as those of other officials from this time are thought to reflect the relative prosperity of Den's reign.
As seen from inscriptions on pottery seals, Hemaka was also responsible for maintaining one of the royal domains of king Den, a farm or vineyard for express use of the royal family and later to support the king's funerary cult. It seems likely that he began his service to the king in this position, succeeding to governing other domains until he rose to the position of chancellor.
See also
List of ancient Egyptians
References
31st-century BC Egyptian people
People of the First Dynasty of Egypt
Den (pharaoh) |
20467720 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithuawa | Mithuawa | Mithuawa is a village development committee in Rautahat District in the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2536 people living in 470 individual households.
References
Populated places in Rautahat District |
6900411 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas%20Civella | Nicholas Civella | Nicholas Civella (born Giuseppe Nicoli Civella; March 19, 1912 – March 12, 1983) was an American mobster who became a prominent leader of the Kansas City crime family.
Early life
Civella was born to Italian immigrants in Kansas City. He was the younger brother of mobster Carl "Cork" Civella and the uncle of mobster Anthony Civella. Nicholas Civella began his criminal career as a teenager in the Italian "Northeast" neighborhood of Kansas City. Civella's first arrest was at age 10, after which he dropped out of school. Before he reached age 20, Civella had been arrested for auto theft, illegal gambling, robbery, and vagrancy.
In 1932, Civella spent two months in prison for bootlegging. In 1934 Civella married Katherine, his wife for almost fifty years. He had no children of his own. In the early 1940s, Civella became a Democratic Party precinct worker on the North Side of Kansas City and became friends with Kansas City crime boss, Charles Binaggio.
Rise to power
By the 1950s, Civella dominated criminal activity in Kansas City. In 1950, he was identified as a figure in the organized crime society during the U.S. Senate Kefauver hearings. Although Kansas City remained a satellite of the larger Chicago Outfit criminal organization, Civella attended the ill-fated 1957 Apalachin Meeting of mob bosses in Apalachin, New York. Civella's involvement with organized crime led to the Nevada Gaming Commission listing Civella as one of the first entries in the Black Book, prohibiting him from entering casinos in Nevada. Later, due to his acquaintance with Teamsters president Roy Lee Williams, Civella played an important role in controlling the Central States Pension Fund of the Teamsters Union and in the skimming of casino gambling profits in Las Vegas, Nevada.
Arrests and convictions
In 1959, Civella was sent a summons before a grand jury and subsequently convicted of tax evasion. In the two Missouri state tax evasion cases, he was convicted and fined $150 in one case, while the other case was dismissed. During this period, Civella built relations with the Cosa Nostra families in St. Louis, Denver, Milwaukee, and California.
In 1966, Civella was called to appear before a Clay County, Missouri grand jury. Afterwards, the news media asked him why it took him 15 minutes to address the group. Civella replied that he "stopped in the men’s room," where he "was drawing dirty pictures on the wall." Law enforcement agencies did not appreciate Civella’s humor or his ability to elude conviction. This would result in their constant surveillance of him for the rest of his life.
In 1977, Civella was convicted of illegal gambling charges and sent to prison. The key to the conviction was a telephone conversation recorded via wiretap during Super Bowl IV. Whereas the hometown Kansas City Chiefs were 12-point underdogs to the heavily favored Minnesota Vikings, local action favored the hometown team. When Civella phoned his bookie to determine just how much they had lost (almost $40,000), authorities used this recorded call to move on Civella and place him under arrest.
In 1980, Civella was convicted of attempting to bribe a prison official to transfer his nephew Anthony to a minimum-security prison in Texas.
Death
In February 1983, Nicholas Civella received a medical release due to poor health from the Federal Medical Center, a prison medical facility, at Springfield, Missouri. Two weeks later, on March 12, 1983, Civella died of lung cancer in Kansas City. Upon his death, his brother Carl "Cork" Civella became head of the Kansas City family.
2011 revelations
In 2011, a 900-page report by the Kansas City Police Department on the assassination of civil rights leader and politician Leon Jordan concluded that Civella had given the order to kill Jordan.
Further reading
Pileggi, Nicholas, and Shandling, Larry, Casino: Love and Honor in Las Vegas Simon & Schuster (October 12, 1995)
Neff, James. Mobbed Up: Jackie Presser's High-Wire Life in the Teamsters, the Mafia, and the FBI. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1989 .
References
Kelly, Robert J. Encyclopedia of Organized Crime in the United States. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2000.
External links
NewYorkTimes.com - Reputed Mob Leader Paroled
The Mob in Decline - A Special Report: A Battered and Ailing Mafia Is Losing Its Grip on America by Selwyn Raab
Americanmafia.com - Nick Civella: Kansas City Chief by Allen May, Crime Historian (January 31, 2000)
1912 births
1983 deaths
People from Kansas City, Missouri
American gangsters of Italian descent
Kansas City crime family
American crime bosses
American people convicted of tax crimes
American people who died in prison custody
Prisoners who died in United States federal government detention
Deaths from lung cancer in Missouri |
23572272 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%20Lyons | Bill Lyons | William Allen Lyons (born April 26, 1958 in Alton, Illinois) is a former Major League Baseball infielder. He played in parts of two seasons in the majors, and , for the St. Louis Cardinals, primarily as a second baseman.
External links
Major League Baseball second basemen
St. Louis Cardinals players
Arkansas Travelers players
Louisville Redbirds players
Erie Cardinals players
Butte Copper Kings players
Southern Illinois Salukis baseball players
Springfield Redbirds players
Baseball players from Illinois
1958 births
Living people |
6900414 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20rowing%20blades | List of rowing blades | This is a list of blades of national teams, rowing clubs, schools and universities. The designs are not trademarked while the sport remains near globally not-for-profit although in some jurisdictions a club may assert design rights and similar to prevent imitation. It is also possible where identical or near identical blades are watched in winter head races or in summer side-by-side (multi-lane regatta) races for there to be instances of mistaken identity among supporters all of which considerations are commonly borne in mind instead of choosing unpainted blades among established clubs.
National teams
National teams often draw their colours from the related national flags.
Clubs
Club colours may be entirely original or very often based on local governmental or manorial coats of arms.
School and university
As with other academic sports teams the blades used tend to draw as their inspiration heraldry of their academic institutions. On rare occasions a colour difference between male and female blades is found in academic settings, as in the case of Worcester College, Oxford.
See also
Oar (sport rowing)
Gallery of sovereign state flags
List of coats of arms
List of universities
References
External links
Oar Spotter
Blades |
20467727 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Valcour | USS Valcour | USS Valcour (AVP-55), later AGF-1, was a Barnegat-class seaplane tender of the United States Navy, in commission as a seaplane tender from 1946 to 1965 and as a flagship from 1965 to 1973.
Construction and career
Valcour was laid down on 21 December 1942 at Houghton, Washington, by the Lake Washington Shipyard and launched on 5 June 1943, sponsored by Mrs. H. C. Davis, the wife of Captain H. C. Davis, the intelligence officer for the 13th Naval District. Valcour was taken to the Puget Sound Navy Yard at Bremerton, Washington, for completion, but the heavy load of repairs conducted by that shipyard on ships damaged in combat during World War II meant that her construction assumed a lower priority than the repair of combatant vessels. She finally was commissioned at the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard (the former Puget Sound Navy Yard) on 5 July 1946 with Commander Barnet T. Talbott in command. She was the last of the 35 ships to commission.
Valcour conducted her shakedown off San Diego, California, between 9 August 1946 and 9 September 1946. Ordered to the United States Atlantic Fleet upon its completion, she transited the Panama Canal between 17 September 1946 and 21 September 1946 and reached the New York Naval Shipyard at Brooklyn, New York, on 26 September 1946 for post-shakedown shipyard availability. Valcour subsequently operated out of Norfolk, Virginia; Quonset Point, Rhode Island; Cristóbal, Panama Canal Zone; and Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, tending seaplanes of the Fleet Air Wings, Atlantic, through mid-1949.
Having received orders designating her as flagship for the Commander, Middle Eastern Force (ComMidEastFor), Valcour departed Norfolk on 29 August 1949, steamed across the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean, stopping at Gibraltar and at Golfe Juan, France, transited the Suez Canal, and arrived at Aden, a British protectorate, on 24 September 1949. Over the months that ensued, Valcour touched at ports on the Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf, including Bahrain; Kuwait; Ras Mishab, Basra; Ras Tanura, Muscat; Bombay, India; Colombo, Ceylon; and Karachi, Pakistan. She returned to Norfolk on 6 March 1950, via Aden; Suez; Piraeus, Greece; Sfax, Tunisia; and Gibraltar. Late in the summer of 1950, after a period of leave, upkeep, and training, she returned to the Middle East for her second tour as ComMidEastFor flagship, which lasted from 5 September 1950 to 15 March 1951.
Collision with SS Thomas Tracy
On the morning of 14 May 1951, two months after she returned to Norfolk from her second Middle East tour, Valcour headed out to sea for independent ship exercises. While passing the collier off Cape Henry, Virginia, she suffered a steering casualty and power failure. As she veered sharply across the path of the oncoming collier, Valcour sounded warning signals. Thomas Tracy attempted to make an emergency turn to starboard but her bow soon plowed into Valcours starboard side, rupturing an aviation gasoline fuel tank. An intense fire soon broke out aboard Valcour and, fed by the high-test aviation gasoline, spread rapidly. To make matters worse, water began flooding into Valcours ruptured hull. Although fire and rescue parties on board Valcour went to work immediately, the gasoline-fed inferno forced many of Valcours crew to leap overboard into the swirling currents of Hampton Roads to escape the flames that soon enveloped Valcours starboard side. The situation at that point looked so severe that Valcours commanding officer, Captain Eugene Tatom, gave the order to abandon ship.
Thomas Tracy, meanwhile, fared better. Fires aboard Thomas Tracy were confined largely to the forward hold and her crew suffered no injuries. She managed to return to Newport News, Virginia, with her cargo, 10,000 tons of coal, intact. Valcour, on the other hand, became the object of exhaustive salvage operations. Rescue ships, including the submarine rescue ship and the United States Coast Guard tug sped to the scene of the tragedy. Fire and rescue parties, in some cases forced to use gas masks, succeeded in bringing the blaze under control but not before 11 men had died and 16 more had been injured. Another 25 were listed as "missing", and later were confirmed as dead.
Reconstruction
Towed back to Norfolk, which she reached at 02:00 hours on 15 May 1951, Valcour underwent an extensive overhaul over the ensuing months. During those repairs, improvements were made in shipboard habitability—air conditioning was installed—and the removal of her single 5-inch (127 mm) 38-caliber forward gun mount to compensate for the increased weight of her other alterations gave the ship a silhouette unique for Barnegat-class ships. The reconstruction task was finally completed on 4 December 1951.
Valcour rotated yearly between the United States and the Middle East from 1952 to 1965, conducting yearly deployments as one of the trio of Barnegat-class ships—along with and —that served alternately as flagship for ComMidEastFor. Through 1961, she followed a highly predictable schedule, departing Norfolk each January, relieving Duxbury Bay upon arrival on station, being relieved by Greenwich Bay at the end of her tour, and returning to Norfolk.
There were several highlights to Valcours lengthy Middle East deployments. In July 1953, during her fourth Middle East cruise, Valcour aided a damaged cargo ship in the Indian Ocean and then escorted her through a violent typhoon to Bombay, India. In May 1955, men from Valcour boarded the blazing and abandoned Italian tanker Argea Prima at the entrance to the Persian Gulf, even though Argea Prima at the time was laden with a cargo of of crude oil, and proceeded to control the fires. Once Valcours fire and rescue party had performed their salvage operation, Argea Primas crew reboarded the ship and she continued her voyage. Later, Valcour received a plaque from the owners of Argea Prima in appreciation of the assistance rendered to their ship.
Valcour performed her duties so efficiently that the Chief of Naval Operations congratulated ComMidEastFor for her outstanding contribution to good foreign relations and for her enhancement of the prestige of the United States. The ship was also adjudged the outstanding seaplane tender in the Atlantic Fleet in 1957 and was awarded the Battle Readiness and Excellence Plaque and the Navy "E" in recognition of the accomplishment. During Valcours 1960 Middle East cruise, she became the first American ship to visit the Seychelles Islands, an archipelago in the Indian Ocean, since 1912. In 1963, Valcour earned her second Navy "E".
In between her deployments to the Middle East, Valcour conducted local operations out of Naval Amphibious Base Little Creek at Virginia Beach, Virginia; Guantanamo Bay; and Kingston, Jamaica. Around 1960 Valcour received some conspicuous equipment upgrades, including a tripod mast with a newer air search radar and a tall communications antenna which, with its deckhouse, replaced the quadruple 40-millimeter antiaircraft gun mount on her fantail. In 1965, she qualified as a "blue nose" by crossing the Arctic Circle during operations in the Norwegian Sea.
Valcour completed her 15th Middle East cruise on 13 March 1965.
Service as "miscellaneous command flagship" (AGF-1) 1966–1971
Soon after returning from her 15th cruise, a realignment took place under which Duxbury Bay and Gardiners Bay were ordered decommissioned and Valcour was selected to continue on a permanent basis the ComMidEastFor flagship duty previously performed by all three ships on a rotational basis. She was reclassified as a "miscellaneous command flagship" and designated AGF-1 on 15 December 1965. As AGF-1, Valcour took on the mission was of command post, living facility, and communications center for ComMidEastFor and his staff of 15 officers.
Valcour departed the United States for the Middle East on 18 April 1966 for her 16th MidEastFor cruise, and her first as AGF-1. Tasked to demonstrate American interest and good will in the Middle East, Valcour distributed textbooks, medicine, clothing, and domestic machinery (such as sewing machines) to the needy under the auspices of Project Handclasp. Men from Valcour attempted to promote good relations with the countries Valcour visited by assisting in the construction of orphanages and schools, by participating in public functions, and by entertaining dignitaries, military representatives, and civilians. In addition, while watching merchant shipping lanes, Valcour had standing requirements to assist stricken ships and to evacuate Americans during crises in Middle Eastern countries.
Based at Bahrain, Valcour remained in the Middle East, save for a winter overhaul at Norfolk in 1968-69, until 1971. She became the permanent flagship for ComMidEastFor in 1971, but was selected in January 1972 for inactivation.
Relieved as flagship by miscellaneous command flagship (ex-landing platform dock) (ex-LPD-3) in the spring of 1972, Valcour returned to Norfolk via Colombo; Singapore; Brisbane, Australia; Wellington, New Zealand; Tahiti; Panama; and Fort Lauderdale, Florida. After four days at Fort Lauderdale, she arrived at Norfolk on 11 November 1972, completing an voyage from the Middle East.
Decommissioning and disposal
After being stripped of all usable gear over the ensuing months, Valcour was decommissioned on 15 January 1973; her name was struck from the Navy List simultaneously with her decommissioning. She shifted to the Inactive Ship Facility at Portsmouth, Virginia, so that she could be prepared for service as a test-bed for electromagnetic tests held under the auspices of the Naval Ordnance Laboratory (NOL), White Oak, Maryland. Towed from Norfolk to the Solomons Island, Maryland, branch of NOL in March 1974, she soon thereafter began her service as a test ship for the Electromagnetic Pulse Radiation Environment Simulation for Ships (EMPRESS) facility.
The U.S. Navy sold Valcour on 1 May 1977 to be broken up for scrap.
Notes
References
NavSource Online: Service Ship Photo Archive USS Valcour (AGF-1) ex USS Valcour (AVP-55) (1946 - 1965)
Department of the Navy: Naval Historical Center: Online Library of Selected Images: U.S. Navy Ships: USS Valcour (AVP-55, later AGF-1), 1946-1977 -- Views of the ship taken in 1946-1960
Chesneau, Roger. Conways All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946. New York: Mayflower Books, Inc., 1980. .
Barnegat-class seaplane tenders
Cold War auxiliary ships of the United States
1943 ships
Maritime incidents in 1951
Ships built at Lake Washington Shipyard |
6900422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois%20Hodoul | Jean-François Hodoul | Jean-François Hodoul (11 April 1765 – 10 January 1835) was a sea captain, corsair, and later merchant and plantation owner in Île de France (now Mauritius).
Origins
Hodoul was born on 11 April 1765 La Ciotat, Provence. His father, Raymond, was a charcutiere; his mother was Geneviève Cauvin. He left for France's colonies in the Indian Ocean at the age of 24, and arrived at Mauritius in 1789, on board Scipion. Other sources state that he arrived there on 12 April 1790, the day after his 25th birthday.
He rapidly became a sea captain. By 1791 he was master of Deux Sœurs. Two years later, he was master of the brig Succès. During this period he transported slaves from Africa to the Indian Ocean colonies of Île de France and Île Bourbon (Réunion).
Privateer
In 1793 the French Revolutionary Wars broke out, and with them a battle in the Indian Ocean between Britain and France. In 1794 the British captured him and his brig Olivette when the British entered Mahé, Seychelles, capturing the colony. The now British colony retained Olivette for its government's purposes.
In June 1794 he married the 16-year old Mairie Corantine Olivette Jorre de St Jorre, daughter of a wealthy local merchant, shortly after he had started his privateering adventures.
In 1796 Hodoul went to sea again as an enseigne de vaisseau aboard the privateer Entreprise. Then he sailed aboard Général Pichegru, a recently captured British schooner previously named Hay, that Captain François Legars of Enterprise had given Jacques François Perroud. Hodoul sailed with Perroud to India. On 17 February 1797 Hodoul arrived at Port Louis with the British vessel Castor, of 150 tons (bm), which Perroud and Général Pichegru had captured in January at Visakhapatnam. She had a cargo of wheat and rice.
In May Hodoul received his first privateer command, Apollon, of ten guns and six obusiers. He sailed on 7 March with 71 men from Port-Louis for the Malabar Coast. There he captured the ship Eliza, of three masts and 350 tons (bm), herself a former French vessel. Six days later he rescued seven slaves aboard a British vessel whose crew had abandoned it after a storm. A few days later, on 17 May, near Masulipatnam, he captured Aydresev, a ship of about 500 tons, sailing under the Maharatta flag. She arrived at Port-Louis on 23 June. The captain of the prize crew, Harel, reported that on 3 May Hodoul had captured a British vessel bound for Tranquebar, then a Danish colony.
On 20 May Hodoul was at Koringa, where he captured Macré (or Macoroy, or Macroy). Her crew escaped in a chaloupe, with Hodoul in pursuit. They landed on a beach and fled inland, abandoning a chest full of pearls.
Maraq, a prize to Apollon, arrived at Port-Louis on 14 July. The captain of the prize crew was Etienne Dupeyré.
On 15 September Hodoul captured Bader Bux as she sailed from Moka towards Surat. She turned out to be his most valuable prize as she was carrying 3732 gold ecus, some piastres, 296 gold sequins, and a quantity of pearls. On 30 October, while sailing back to Mauritius, Hodoul captured Laurel, Fuggo, master. Hodoul's crew was so reduced because of the need to deploy prize crews that he put Laurels crew in irons. On 9 November he captured two vessels of the British East India Company's Bengal Pilot Service: Trayalle (), and . The schooner Harrington arrived at Port Louis on 21 December. The captain of the prize crew was Nicholas Montalent.
Hodoul and Apollon returned to Port Louis on 7 January 1798. He had with him 57 prisoners and 50-60,000 piastres from the Rey, which he had captured off Bengal and then abandoned. On 18 January Loret (probably Laurel), of 400 tons, which Apollon had also captured off Bengal, too arrived at Port-Louis.
The total value of the prizes from Hodoul's cruise on Apollon was 703,479,803 francs.
Hodoul sold his half-share in Apollon to the corsair Le Vaillant. Le Vaillant left Mauritius on 22 August 1798 and captured a valuable Portuguese vessel. However, on 10 November (French records), or 24 October (British records), captured Apollon off Mombasa and carried her crew to the Comoro Islands.
In June 1799 Marie Corantine Olivette gave birth to a son, Raymond. On 28 November the privateer Général Malartic, Jean-Marie Dutertre, master, captured the British vessel Surprise near Madras. He took Surprizes crew to the Seychelles from where Hodoul, in Success, took them to Mauritius; they arrived on 28 January 1800.
Hodoul next purchased Uni, a large vessel armed with eighteen 4-pounder and four 9-pounder guns. She had come from Nantes in 1798 and already had two cruises to her credit, both under the command of François-Thomas Le Même. Hodoul sailed on 15 May 1800 with a crew of 220 men. He reached the Seychelles on the 28th. Off Ste. Anne he captured the British privateer Henriette (or Harriot, from Cape Town), of eight guns under the command of Captain White. On 11 July Hodoul captured Helen, which was carrying 80,000 piastres. Then on 4 August he captured Friendship. However, on 5 August captured Uni and Hodoul after a chase during which Hodoul had almost all of Unis guns thrown overboard in an attempt to lighten her to gain speed. Captain Edward O. Osborne, of Arrogant, reported that Uni had left Mauritius with 250 men, and that she had 216 on board when captured, the rest being away on prizes.
When the British first sighted Uni she had been in company with another ship, and a brig. Osborne set out after the ship, which turned out to be Friendship, and which he recaptured early that night. The brig escaped; she was the Bee, from Madras sailing to Masulipatnam. Hodoul had captured both Friendship and Bee that morning.
The British took their prizes to Madras, where they arrived on 17 August. From there the British transferred Hodoul to Fort William (Calcutta). Hodoul remained a prisoner until the Treaty of Amiens (1802), ended hostilities.
After his release Hodoul settled on Mahe Island of the Seychelles. Here he became a wealthy businessman and plantation owner in the Seychelles, where he introduced cacao cultivation. He was particularly successful in the sugar and rum industries, and in cotton and coffee growing. He did not fully leave the sea as he built and owned several small ships that traded between the Seychelles and Mauritius. He also built the Petit Port and Le Grand Chantier at Mahé.
Hodoul was a man of even-handedness, especially to his daughters and sons in law, and very kind to his slaves. In July 1837 Hodoul's widow received a compensation of at least £7,171 for the liberation of at least 216 slaves who formed part of his estate.
At his wife's behest, Hodoul employed the exiled Jacobin architect Antoine Jean-Baptise Le Franc to build Château Mammelles, which is now the oldest building in the Seychelles. The British Authorities later used Hodoul's second large house, Ma Constance, to house the exiled Sultan of Perak.
Fate
Hodoul died at Mahé on 10 January 1835. His tomb bears the inscription "Il fut juste".
Legacy
Today in the harbor of Victoria, there is a small islet named Hodoul Island in his honor. Legend has it that Hodoul's treasure is buried on Silhouette Island, northwest of Mahé.
Notes, citations, and references
Notes
Citations
References
Epinay, Adrien d'. (1890) Renseignements pour servir à l'histoire de l'Île de France jusqu'à l'année 1810: inclusivement; précédés de notes sur la découverte de l'île, sur l'occupation hollandaise, etc. (Imprimerie Dupuy).
Malleson, George Bruce (1878) Final French Struggles in India and on the Indian Seas: Including an Account of the Capture of the Isles of France and Bourbon, and Sketches of the Most Eminent Foreign Adventurers in India Up to the Period of that Capture : with an Appendix Containing an Account of the Expedition from India to Egypt in 1801. (W.H. Allen).
Thomson, P.A.B. (1997) "Jean François Hodoul, corsair of the Indian Ocean". The Mariner's Mirror, Vol.83, No. 3, pp. 310–317.
Sources
Silhouette Island (Seychelles)
1765 births
1835 deaths
French privateers
French planters
Mauritian slave owners
Mauritian people of French descent |
20467735 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudwalawa | Mudwalawa | Mudwalawa is a village development committee in Rautahat District in the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3691.
References
Populated places in Rautahat District |
20467740 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Another%20Kind%20of%20Monday | Another Kind of Monday | Another Kind of Monday is a 1996 young-adult novel by the American writer William E. Coles, Jr. (1932–2005) set in 1990s Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
It tells the story of Mark, a high school senior who by chance opens an old library copy of Great Expectations and finds $300 along with a set of directions that launches him into a scavenger hunt all over the city and unwittingly into a romance with a co-quester. As the two retrieve more and more assignments, their lives take twists and turns that bond them closer together.
The novel was recognized as an American Library Association Best Books for Young Adults in 1996.
References
1996 American novels
American young adult novels
Novels set in Pittsburgh
Atheneum Books books |
6900423 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan%20Millman | Joan Millman | Joan L. Millman (born April 20, 1940) represented District 52 in the New York State Assembly, which consists of the Brooklyn neighborhoods of Cobble Hill, Boerum Hill, Carroll Gardens, Vinegar Hill, Gowanus, DUMBO, Park Slope, Brooklyn Heights and Prospect Heights.
Chosen in a special election held in 1997, Millman served as the Chairwoman of the Assembly Commission on Government Administration and the Assembly Task Force on Women's Issues, as well as sitting on the Assembly committees on Aging, Alcoholism and Drug Abuse, Corporations, among several other standing committee assignments.
Prior to her election to the Assembly, from 1985 to 1996, Millman served as an educational consultant in several capacities, including as a consultant to former NY City Council President Carol Bellamy and Senator Martin Connor, as well as facilitator for Comprehensive School Development and Planning. She was also a member of the Citywide Advisory Committee on Middle School Initiatives from 1995 to 1996.
Millman holds a B.A. from Brooklyn College, as well as an M.A. in Library Science from the Pratt Institute.
In early 2014, the Assembly member announced that she would retire from the New York State Assembly and not run for reelection
in the same year.
On September 10, 2014, Jo Anne Simon won a 3 way Democratic Primary to succeed Assemblymember Millman. Jo Ann Simon won 5,482 (52.9%) out of 10,371 votes in this September 2014 election.
References
External links
Assemblywoman Joan Millman (D) Official NYS Assembly member website.
Re: Atlantic Yards Arena and Redevelopment Project Draft Scope of Analysis Testimony before the Empire State Development Corporation.
Biography: New York State Democratic Committee
The Daily Gotham, Help Support a Bill that will Protect NYC Children
Millman's response to the 2008 Candidate Questionnaire for State Senate and Assembly from the 504 Democratic Club of New York City
1940 births
Members of the New York State Assembly
New York (state) Democrats
Living people
Women state legislators in New York (state)
21st-century American politicians
21st-century American women politicians
Brooklyn College alumni
20th-century American politicians
20th-century American women politicians |
20467744 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narkatiya%20Guthi | Narkatiya Guthi | Narkatiya Guthi is a Paroha Municipality in Rautahat District in the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4893 people living in 919 individual households.
References
Populated places in Rautahat District |
6900427 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%20Greater%20Love%20%28Only%20Fools%20and%20Horses%29 | No Greater Love (Only Fools and Horses) | "No Greater Love" is an episode of the BBC sit-com, Only Fools and Horses. It was the fourth episode of series 2, and was first screened on 11 November 1982.
Synopsis
The Trotters arrive at a London street with camel hair overcoats, and plan to receive payments from Mrs Singh. But when Rodney opens the door to her house, he meets another woman named Irene, who tells him that Mrs Singh moved away three weeks earlier.
Rodney enters Irene's flat and is instantly smitten with her. Irene tells Rodney that she is aged 40, and married with a teenage son Marcus. She also mentions her husband Tommy Mackay, who "is away working, but will be out in 6 months." He is actually imprisoned in Parkhurst prison for committing assault, GBH, and attempted murder.
One week later at Nelson Mandela House, Rodney tells Del Boy and Grandad about Irene, and how she moved away from her husband due to domestic violence. Tommy is getting released from prison, and Rodney wants to meet him in person. This makes Del concerned for his younger brother's safety.
A few days later, at The Nag's Head, Rodney tells Del that he and Irene had broken up earlier in the day. Del consoles Rodney and tells him there are plenty of other women to talk to. But then, Irene's son Marcus enters and tells Rodney that Del told Irene over a drink to break up with Rodney. Rodney, feeling betrayed by Del, leaves.
Later that night, Del is confronted by Tommy Mackay himself and a thug in a dark alley, since Tommy thinks that Del is Rodney (Del goes along with the mistaken identity to protect Rodney, since he would stand no chance against the intimidating Tommy), and prepares to give him a beating for dating his wife Irene. They let Del take his coat off, but he accidentally throws it into a puddle. Furious that his new coat has been ruined, Del lunges at Tommy, and despite sustaining a few moderate injuries, Del manages to win the fight and limps back to the Nag's Head.
Back at the Nag's Head, Del shows Rodney his injuries, and lies that he fell down some stairs at Monkey Harris' house (even though he actually lives in a bungalow). Del also mentions to Rodney that he met Tommy Mackay and made him see the error of his ways, which means that Rodney and Irene can date with no threat from Tommy. But Rodney says that he had an earlier talk with Irene in that their relationship was never going to work anyway. Plus, Rodney has met another girl, Zoe, from the roller-disco. Zoe arrives, she and Rodney leave, and Del is left alone in the pub, annoyed but happy that he has saved his brother.
Episode cast
Notes
Episode concept
The idea for the script was to demonstrate the brotherly love that Del and Rodney have for each other, even willing to take a beating for his brother. The concept of Del getting beat up in order to protect Rodney would occur again in "Little Problems" when Del, much to Rodney's ignorance, chooses to take a beating from the Driscoll Brothers after making a promise to him, having forgotten that the money he would use for his wedding gift was also the money which he owed to them.
References
External links
1982 British television episodes
Only Fools and Horses (series 2) episodes |
17329954 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieces%20of%20a%20Man | Pieces of a Man | Pieces of a Man is the first studio album by American vocalist Gil Scott-Heron. It was recorded in April 1971 at RCA Studios in New York City and released later that year by Flying Dutchman Records. The album followed Scott-Heron's debut live album Small Talk at 125th and Lenox (1970) and departed from that album's spoken word performance, instead featuring compositions in a more conventional popular song structure.
Pieces of a Man marked the first of several collaborations by Scott-Heron and Brian Jackson, who played piano throughout the record. It is one of Scott-Heron's most critically acclaimed albums and one of the Flying Dutchman label's best-selling LP's. Earning modest success after its release, Pieces of a Man has received retrospective praise from critics. Music critics have suggested that Heron's combination of R&B, soul, jazz-funk, and proto-rap influenced the development of electronic dance music and hip hop. The album was reissued on compact disc by RCA in 1993.
Background and recording
Before pursuing a recording career, Scott-Heron focused on a writing career. He published a volume of poetry and his first novel, The Vulture, in 1970. Subsequently, Scott-Heron was encouraged by jazz producer Bob Thiele to record and released a live album, Small Talk at 125th and Lenox (1970). It was inspired by a volume of poetry of the same name and was well received by music critics.
Pieces of a Man was recorded at RCA Studios in New York City on April 19 and 20 in 1971. The album's first four tracks were written by Scott-Heron, and the last seven tracks were co-written by Scott-Heron and keyboardist Brian Jackson, who backs Scott-Heron with Pretty Purdie & the Playboys. The album was produced by Thiele, who was known for working with jazz artists such as Louis Armstrong and John Coltrane.
Music and lyrics
The album's music is rooted in the blues and jazz influences, which Scott-Heron referred to as "bluesology, the science of how things feel." The album features Gil Scott-Heron exercising his singing abilities in contrast to his previous work with poetry. It also contains more conventional song structures than the loose, spoken-word feel of Small Talk.
On the album's jazz elements, music critic Vince Aletti wrote, "the songs have a loose, unanchored quality that sets them apart from both R&B and rock work. Scott-Heron sings straight-out, with an ache in his voice that conveys pain, bitterness and tenderness with equal grace and, in most cases, subtlety. Frequently the nature of the jazz backing is so free that the vocals take on an independent, almost a cappella feeling which Scott-Heron carries off surprisingly well." Uncut writes that "Heron adopts his trademark jazz-funk sound, underpinned by the great Ron Carter on bass, with Hubert Laws' flute fluttering about like an elusive bird of paradise". Sputnikmusic's Nick Butler notes its latter eight songs as "in line with the soul of the very early '70s - think a Curtis that replaces an orchestra with a chamber band, or a What's Going On that replaces head-in-the-clouds wistfulness with earthy indignation, or a There's A Riot Goin' On without the drugs".
"Lady Day and John Coltrane" was written by Scott-Heron as an homage to influential jazz musicians Billie Holiday and John Coltrane. His lyrics discuss the ability of music to rid people of the personal problems of alienation and existentialism in the modern world. The album features two of Scott-Heron's most well-known songs, "Home Is Where the Hatred Is", which was later a hit for R&B singer Esther Phillips, and "The Revolution Will Not Be Televised", which was originally featured on his debut album Small Talk in spoken word form. "Home Is Where the Hatred Is" is a melodic, somber composition of the narrator's dangerous and hopeless environment, presumably of the ghetto, and how its effects take a toll on him. Scott-Heron's lyrics demonstrate these themes of social disillusionment and hopelessness in the first verse and the chorus.
Unlike other songs on the album, "Save the Children" and "I Think I’ll Call It Morning" are optimistic dedications to joy, happiness, and freedom. The title track, described by journalist and music writer Vince Alleti as the album's best song, is a lyrically cinematic account of a man's breakdown after losing his job as witnessed by his son. Scott-Heron's lyricism on the album has been acclaimed by critics, as the lyrics for "Pieces of a Man" received praise for its empathetic narration. The album's opening track, "The Revolution Will Not Be Televised", is a proto-rap track with lyricism criticizing the United States government and mass media. Considered a classic in the rap genre, the song features many political references, unadorned arrangements, pounding bass lines and stripped-down drumbeats. The song's structure and musical formula would later influence the blueprint of modern hip hop. Because of the song's spoken word style and critical overtones, it has often been referred to as the birth of rap.
Release and reception
Pieces of a Man was released in 1971 by Flying Dutchman Records and fared better commercially than Small Talk at 125th and Lenox. Sales began to increase two years after its release, following Scott-Heron's and Jackson's departure from Flying Dutchman to Strata-East before they recorded Winter in America (1974). Pieces of a Man entered the Top Jazz Albums chart on June 2, 1973. The album peaked at number 25 on the chart and remained on the chart for six weeks until July 7, 1973. "Home Is Where the Hatred Is" was released as a radio single with "The Revolution Will Not Be Televised" as the b-side. However, it did not chart. Pieces of a Man was reissued in the United States in 1993 on compact disc by RCA
Upon its release, Pieces of a Man received little critical attention except for praise by Rolling Stone. Later, the album gained much critical acclaim, as it was praised for Scott-Heron's lyrics, political awareness, and its influence on hip hop. Despite little mainstream success or critical notice during its release, music journalist Vince Aletti of Rolling Stone praised the album in a July 1972 article, stating, "Here is an album that needs discovering. It's strong, deeply soulful and possessed of that rare and wonderful quality in this time of hollow, obligatory "relevance" – intelligence.... the material is tough and real, "relevant" while avoiding, on the one hand, empty cliche and, on the other, fierce rhetoric, its own kind of cliche.... It may not be easy to find, but it's an involving, important album (especially so because of its successful and accessible use of jazz) and it's worth looking for." The following year, Roger St. Pierre of NME hailed the album as "the sound of the black revolution".
Pieces of a Man received stronger retrospective reviews from music critics. Adam Sweeting of The Guardian praised the album in an August 2004 article, calling it a "pioneering mix of politics, protest and proto-rap poetry, set to a musical jazz-funk hybrid." BBC Online described Pieces of a Man as a "great example of his lyrical prowess and perfectly showcases the depths of his vocal talent."
Legacy and influence
The album has earned a larger legacy based on its containment of the influential proto-rap song "The Revolution Will Not Be Televised". In a 1998 interview with the Houston Press, Scott-Heron discussed how much of the album was overshadowed by the controversial song and the social-consciousness displayed:
In a review of the album, Nick Dedina of Rhapsody noted the album's influence on modern music forms, stating "Dance and hip-hop have borrowed (or stolen) so much from this album that it's easy to forget how original Scott-Heron's mix of soul, jazz, and pre-rap once was." In 1996, radio station WXPN ranked Pieces of a Man number 100 on its list of The 100 Most Progressive Albums, and in 2005 it was included in Blow Ups list of The 600 Essential Albums. The blend of sound and instrumentation featured on Pieces of a Man later inspired many neo-soul artists in the 1990s.
Heron's works have greatly impacted and influenced hip-hop and in 2018, rapper Mick Jenkins titled his sophomore studio album after this album as an homage to Heron.
Track listing
Personnel
Musicians
Gil Scott-Heron – guitar, piano, vocals
Hubert Laws – flute, saxophone
Brian Jackson – piano
Burt Jones – electric guitar
Ron Carter – bass
Bernard Purdie – drums
Johnny Pate – conductor
Production
Bob Thiele – production
Bob Simpson – mixing
Charles Stewart – cover photo
Charts
U.S. Billboard Music Charts (North America) – Pieces of a Man
1972: Top Jazz Albums – #25 (6 weeks)
References
Bibliography
External links
Pieces of a Man at Discogs
Sound Check: Pieces of a Man — By Vibe
Album Review at Must Hear
1971 albums
Gil Scott-Heron albums
RCA Records albums
Albums produced by Bob Thiele
Albums conducted by Johnny Pate
Jazz-funk albums |
20467754 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner%20Belt%20District | Inner Belt District | The Inner Belt District is a industrial district located in the southeastern portion of Somerville, Massachusetts. Along with nearby Brickbottom, the Inner Belt is a historically industrial zone of Somerville, with factories, warehouses, distribution centers, railroad connections, regional maintenance facilities, MBTA and Amtrak offices, retail stores and a hotel.
Named after the proposed but doomed Inner Belt Highway, the district is bounded by Interstate 93, Route 28, and the Lowell and Fitchburg rail lines. Inner Belt Road runs through the center of the Inner Belt District intersecting with 3rd Avenue to connect to the MBTA maintenance facility. Although adjacent to the McGrath Corridor, NorthPoint in Cambridge and Sullivan Square in Charlestown, it is isolated from them by highways and rail lines.
An elevated railroad right-of-way separates the Brickbottom area located to the west of the Inner Belt District. The two areas resemble each other in terms of use. However, Brickbottom has older dense development in a grid pattern and has a couple of small neighborhoods. Somerville is currently engaged in an ongoing community process, begun in 2011, to determine a long-term Master Plan for the Inner Belt and Brickbottom region. A draft of the plan should be available for public comment by the end of 2013.
History
Like many areas in today's modern cities, the Inner Belt District bears little resemblance to what the area looked like when it was first being settled. The area was primarily marshland and the Miller's River, which has since been filled in, flowed along the southern edge. As industry began to enter into the area in the early- to mid-1800s, the landscape was changed to suit the needs of new businesses. Cobble Hill was brought down and used to fill in the marshes. Miller's River was used first by the new industries to discharge their pollutants, and was eventually filled as well.
By the 1930s, the whole sub-district, with the exception of the strip of land between Washington Street and what is now New Washington Street, was completely taken over by the Boston and Maine Railroad. The remaining portion of land south of Washington Street was used for heavy industry that was rail dependent. In the late 1940s, freight transportation began to shift away from rail to the open roads and once-valuable rail yards were slowly removed to make way for new industrial uses. A new industrial park was planned for the Yard 10 in the space between what is now New Washington Street and the Lowell Line.
By the mid-1950s, a new regional expressway called the Inner Belt was planned that would bisect the site between the older industrial buildings on Washington Street and the new industrial buildings on the former Yard 10 land. Called the Inner Belt Expressway, it would have connected I-93 on the east with Massachusetts Route 2 in the west following the path of the Fitchburg Railroad through Porter Square. After years of protest and community organizing, plans for the Inner Belt Expressway were withdrawn and the right of way that is now New Washington Street was transferred to the city.
Although the Inner Belt was stopped, housing in the Brickbottom neighborhood and the adjacent neighborhood to its east between the MBTA Lowell Line and I-93 was cleared in the 1950s for an urban renewal plan to create a Somerville Industrial Park that would benefit from the anticipated highway network. The purpose of the renewal plan was to destroy the existing neighborhood grid pattern and reorganize the area to accommodate the Interstate, provide automobile circulation and parking, and establish single-use zoning.
With the anticipation of the Inner Belt, the Inner Belt District was advertised in a real estate booklet as a "unique parcel [which] combines the advantages of a suburban type development and a downtown location." The assets of the area that were marketed to potential investors remain the area's strong points: accessibility, proximity to Boston and the region, auto-designed roads, and a large work force nearby. In 1968, the Somerville Redevelopment Authority created an Urban Renewal District for the land between Washington and New Washington streets.
During the mid-1980s to the late 1990s, little significant development influenced the area. Like many U.S. cities, industrial and manufacturing companies left the area, to be replaced by primarily service class. The Kraft Group discussed the possibility of building a soccer stadium for the New England Revolution in the district in 2008.
References
Neighborhoods in Somerville, Massachusetts |
23572278 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew%20Sweeney | Matthew Sweeney | Matthew Gerard Sweeney (6 October 1952 – 5 August 2018) was an Irish poet. His work has been translated into Dutch, Italian, Hebrew, Japanese, Latvian, Mexican Spanish, Romanian, Slovakian and German.
According to the poet Gerard Smyth: "I always sensed that in the first instance [Sweeney] regarded himself as a European rather than an Irish poet – and rightly so: like the German Georg Trakl whom he admired he apprehended the world in a way that challenged our perceptions and commanded our attention." Sweeney's work has been considered "barely touched by the mainstream of English writing" and more so by the German writers Kleist, Büchner, Kafka, Grass and Böll, as well as the aforementioned Trakl. According to Poetry International Web, Sweeney would be among the top five most famous Irish poets on the international scene.
Biography
Sweeney was born at Lifford, County Donegal, in 1952. Growing up in Clonmany, he attended Gormanston College (1965–70). He then read sciences at University College Dublin (1970–72). He went on to study German and English at the Polytechnic of North London, spending a year at the University of Freiburg, before graduating with a BA Honours degree in 1978.
He met Rosemary Barber in 1972. They married in 1979. Two offspring – daughter Nico and son Malvin – were produced before the couple went their separate ways in the early 21st century. Having lived in London for many years until 2001, Sweeney separated from Rosemary and went to live in Timișoara (Romania) and Berlin (Germany). In 2007, he met his partner, Mary Noonan, and in early 2008 he moved to Cork to live with her there.
Work
Sweeney produced numerous collections of poetry for which he won several awards. His novels for children include The Snow Vulture (1992) and Fox (2002). He authored a satirical thriller, co-written with John Hartley Williams, and entitled Death Comes for the Poets (2012).
Bill Swainson, Sweeney's editor at Allison and Busby in the 1980s, recalls: "As well as writing his own poetry, Matthew was a great encourager of poetry in others. The workshops he animated, and later the residencies he undertook, were famous for their geniality and seriousness and fun. Sometime in the late 1980s I attended one of these workshops in an upstairs room of a pub in Lamb's Conduit Street, Bloomsbury, where the poems were circulated anonymously and carefully read and commented on by all. Around the pushed-together tables were Ruth Padel, Eva Salzman, Don Paterson, Maurice Riordan, Jo Shapcott, Lavinia Greenlaw, Michael Donaghy, Maura Dooley and Tim Dooley." Sweeney later had residencies at the University of East Anglia and London's Southbank Centre, among many others. He read at three Rotterdam Poetry Festivals, in 1998, 2003 and 2009.
His final year saw the publication of two new collections: My Life As A Painter (Bloodaxe Books) and King of a Rainy Country (Arc Publications), inspired by Baudelaire's posthumously published Petits poèmes en prose. Having been diagnosed with motor neuron disease the previous year (a fate that had earlier befallen a sister of his), Sweeney died aged 65 at Cork University Hospital on 5 August 2018, surrounded by family and friends. He had continued writing up until three days before he died. In an interview shortly before his death he was quizzed on his legacy, to which he gave the response: "Mostly what awaits the poet is posthumous oblivion. Maybe there will be a young man in Hamburg, or Munich, or possibly Vienna, for whom my German translations will be for a while important – and might just contribute to him becoming a German language poet with Irish leanings." Among those attending a special ceremony on 8 August 2018 at the Triskel Arts Centre in Cork city to celebrate Sweeney's life were fellow poets Jo Shapcott, Thomas McCarthy, Gerry Murphy, Maurice Riordan and Padraig Rooney. On 9 August 2018, Sweeney was buried in Clonmany New Cemetery in County Donegal.
Awards
1984: New Statesman Prudence Farmer Award
1987: Cholmondeley Award
1999: Arts Council Writers' Award
2001: Arts Council of Ireland Writers' bursary
2007: T. S. Eliot Prize (shortlist)
2008: Poetry Now Award (shortlist) for his collection Black Moon
2011: The Steven Kings Award
2012: Maria Elsa Authors and Poets Award
2014: Piggot Poetry Prize (for Horse Music)
Elected a member of Aosdána
Works
Poetry
(Canadian edition, A Picnic on Ice, Signal Editions, Véhicule Press, 2002)
King of a Rainy Country, Arc Publications, September 2018
Contributor to A New Divan: A Lyrical Dialogue Between East and West, Gingko Library, 2019.
Editor
(with Jo Shapcott)
(with Ken Smith and Felix Post)
Novel
Satirical crime novel, co-written with John Hartley Williams
Criticism
With John Hartley Williams
See also
List of University of Freiburg people
References
External links
Official website
Ireland – Matthew Sweeney at Poetry International Web (with poem audio files)
Matthew Sweeney at the Poetry Archive
Some Sweeney poems at Blackbox Manifold, Issue: No. 2 (January 2009)
Review of The Night Post.
Sheridan, Colette. "Matthew Sweeney: 'I prefer not to dwell on my inevitable demise'" (interview), Irish Examiner, 23 April 2018.
1952 births
2018 deaths
Alumni of University College Dublin
Alumni of the University of North London
Aosdána members
Deaths from motor neuron disease
Neurological disease deaths in the Republic of Ireland
Irish children's writers
Irish male poets
People from Lifford
University of Freiburg alumni
20th-century Irish poets
20th-century Irish male writers
21st-century Irish poets
21st-century Irish male writers |
6900430 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuchyn | Tuchyn | Tuchyn (, , , ) is an urban-type settlement in the Rivne Oblast (province) of western Ukraine. It is located in the Rivne Raion (district) in the historic region of Volhynia, approximately 18 km east from the oblast capital, Rivne.
History
The Polish noble family Siemaszko is rooted in Tuchyn. In 1650 the town was owned by the Daniłłowicz family, then later by the Lubomirski's, and finally by the Walewski's from the 18th century to the outbreak of World War II. The Stanisław Lubomirski foundation erected two wooden churches, cerkwie, in the town in 1711 (Paraskewy) and 1730 (Przemienienia Pańskiego). The Walewski's built a classicist Church in 1796.
A Roman Catholic Parish was founded in Tuczyn in 1590, it included many villages of the surrounding region. In 1938 the Catholic parish numbered 2,660 individuals, almost all of them Poles.
There was a significant German population in the Tuczyn region. They began to arrive in large numbers in the 1860s. The vast majority were German Lutherans, initially served from distant Zhitomir Lutheran Parish. The Lutheran Parish of Tuczyn was established there in 1888. At its peak, prior to World War I, the parish served over 25,000 Germans in more than 80 villages in a region much larger than that covered by the Catholic parish - yet no church building was constructed until 1929. The number of Germans dropped dramatically right before World War I, when many migrated to North America. Only some 6000 or so remained during the inter-war years.
Prior to World War II Tuchyn was a major town in the district and had a large population of Jewish (about 3000), Polish and Ukrainian ethnicity, plus the remnants of the once numerous German population.
Second World War
After hearing of the annihilation of the Jewish ghetto in Rivne, the Jewish leaders decided that they would resist the Nazis. On the evening of Wednesday, September 23, 1942, a blockade was mounted against the ghetto of Tuczyn. The leaders of the uprising declared a full alert; the fighting groups took up positions. On the dawn of September 24, German forces and Ukrainian auxiliaries advanced toward the ghetto fences. When the resistance forces gave the signal, the buildings of the ghetto and the German warehouses at its edge were set ablaze. The fighting groups opened fire, broke through the ghetto fence, and urged the population to escape. Under cover of smoke and gunfire, some 2,000 people--about two-thirds of the ghetto population, including women, children, and the elderly--fled into the forest. The flames continued to burn for the rest of that day and part of the next; the gunfire continued as well. Several Germans and Ukrainian auxiliary police were killed. One-third of the ghetto population fell, including almost all the fighters. The uprising ended on Saturday, September 26 when the lead resisters turned themselves into the Germans, unable to withstand the conditions in the nearby forests. The escapees fared very badly. Half of them were captured and murdered within three days. About 300 women, clutching infants, unable to withstand the conditions of the forest, returned to Tuczyn and were shot. Many of the remainder died; others were turned in or murdered by peasants in the vicinity. Some young people joined the partisans and were killed in combat. Of the 3,000 Jews of Tuczyn, only 20 were still alive on January 16, 1944, when the town was liberated.
Notable people
(b. 9 July 1924 in Tuchyn, d. 23 August 2000 in Fürstenfeldbruck), Bishop of Hamburg (1983-1992)
References
External links
Tuchin at Yad Vashem
Tuczyn Lutheran Parish History
Description of events in Tuczyn during World War II
Tuchin at KehilaLinks
1923 Tuczyn Business directory at KehilaLinks
Tuczin-Kripa, Wolyn; In Memory of the Jewish Community
Urban-type settlements in Rivne Oblast
Shtetls
Holocaust locations in Ukraine |
20467783 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayra%20Gonz%C3%A1lez | Mayra González | Mayra González Borroto (born 11 July 1968 in Sancti Spíritus) is a female rower from Cuba. She is a two-time Olympian (2000 and 2008) for her native country, and twice won a gold medal at the Pan American Games (2003 and 2007).
References
sports-reference
1968 births
Living people
Cuban female rowers
Olympic rowers of Cuba
Rowers at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Rowers at the 2007 Pan American Games
Rowers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
People from Sancti Spíritus
Pan American Games gold medalists for Cuba
Pan American Games medalists in rowing
Rowers at the 2003 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 2003 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 2007 Pan American Games |
6900443 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Story%20Untold | A Story Untold | "A Story Untold" is a song, originally written as a doo-wop song by Leroy Griffin, but adapted to the pop music genre in 1955.
The original recording was by Griffin's group, The Nutmegs. The recording peaked at #2 on the R&B chart.
The most popular recording was by The Crew-Cuts. This recording was released by Mercury Records as catalog number 70634. It first reached the Billboard magazine charts on June 25, 1955, and spent a total of 7 weeks there. It peaked at #16 on the Best Seller chart.
References
1955 singles
Mercury Records singles
The Crew-Cuts songs
Year of song missing |
23572280 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulga%20Coal | Bulga Coal | Bulga Coal Pty Limited is a coal-mining company based in Singleton, New South Wales, Australia. The company operates two mines Bulga Surface Operations and Beltana Longwall Mining which form the Bulga Coal Complex. The company is a joint venture between Oakbridge Pty Ltd and Nippon Oil Australia Pty Ltd. Bulga Coal currently produces approx 16 million tonnes of coal per year
Company Ownership
Bulga Coal is a joint venture between Oakbridge Pty Limited and Nippon Oil Australia Pty Limited.
Oakbridge Pty Ltd, previously an Australia Public Company listed on the ASX, is currently majority owned by global mining giant Glencore (through its subsidiary Enex Oakbridge Pty Ltd), with a 78% stake hold, with the other stakeholders being Toyota Tsusho Corporation (through Tomen Corporation), JFE SHOJI Trade Corporation, putting the total stake of Glencore in Bulga Coal Pty Ltd at 68.25%
Links to Glencore
The mine is managed by Glencore Coal Assets, Australia
The Bulga Coal complex site is also the headquarters of Glencore Coal NSW (Xstrata Coal's largest operating division) as part of the mine site.
History
The Bulga Coal Complex was originally started by BHP Limited as the Saxonvale Mine in 1982. It was later brought by Elders Resources in 1988, and then sold to Oakbridge Limited in 1989. Shortly after Oakbridge Limited purchased the complex, Japan's Nippon Oil bought part of the mine and renamed it Bulga Coal. Glencore (through Enex Resources Limited) bought a stake in the mine 2000. Glencore's stake was purchased by Xstrata plc when it floated on the LSE.
References
Coal companies of Australia
Coal mines in New South Wales
Xstrata
Singleton Council
Energy companies established in 1982
Non-renewable resource companies established in 1982
1982 establishments in Australia |
20467786 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van%20Fleet%20Hall%20%28Gainesville%2C%20Florida%29 | Van Fleet Hall (Gainesville, Florida) | General James A. Van Fleet Hall is an historic building on the campus of the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, and completed in 1952. It was designed by Guy Fulton in a mild Mid-Century modern style as a Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) classroom and training facility for University of Florida students seeking commissions in the Air Force, Army, Marines and Navy. The building is named for U.S. Army General James Van Fleet, who served as an ROTC instructor at the university and as the head coach of the Florida Gators football team from 1923 to 1924.
See also
Buildings at the University of Florida
University of Florida ROTC
References
Buildings at the University of Florida
Guy Fulton buildings
Reserve Officers' Training Corps
School buildings completed in 1952
1952 establishments in Florida |
6900447 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zebra%20bullhead%20shark | Zebra bullhead shark | The zebra bullhead shark (Heterodontus zebra) is a bullhead shark of the family Heterodontidae found in the central Indo-Pacific between latitudes 40°N and 20°S, from Japan and Korea to Australia. It is typically found at relatively shallow depths down to , but off Western Australia, it occurs between . It can reach a length of . The reproduction of this bullhead shark is oviparous.
References
Heterodontidae
Fish described in 1831
Taxa named by John Edward Gray |
20467807 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Wreaking | The Wreaking | The Wreaking is the third EP by Canadian grindcore band Fuck the Facts. The EP was released on November 29, 2008 via the band's MySpace page and was strictly limited to 19 copies. When the 7" vinyl copies of the split with Pleasant Valley were sold out, there were still some copies of the sleeve, so the band created this EP.
It comprises songs from a few different sources. The first two tracks are pre-production versions of songs found on Stigmata High-Five. They were originally released on vinyl splits with Mesrine and Pleasant Valley. The other songs are live songs originally intended to be released on a split with Mincing Fury on Burning Dogma Records, however, the owner of the label went to jail before it could be released.
"Taken From The Nest" and "The Wreaking" were recorded in Ottawa by Matt Connell in October and November 2005 respectively. The live tracks were recorded at a show on November 13, 2005 at Maverick's in Ottawa with Exhumed, Averse Sefira and Eclipse Eternal.
Track listing
Music and lyrics by Fuck the Facts.
"Taken from the Nest"
"The Wreaking"
"Horizon" (live)
"The Burning Side" (live)
"23-17-41" (live)
"La Tete Hors de L’eau" (live)
"Unburden" (live)
Personnel
Topon Das – guitar
Mel Mongeon – vocals
Mathieu Vilandré – guitar
Steve Chartier – bass
Tim Olsen – drums
Matt Connell – recording
References
2008 EPs
Fuck the Facts albums
Self-released EPs |
20467822 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncial%200258 | Uncial 0258 | Uncial 0258 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 4th century.
Description
The codex contains a small part of the Gospel of John 10:25-26, on 1 parchment leaf (4.7 cm by 4 cm). Probably it was written in one column per page, 5 lines per page, in uncial letters.
Nomina sacra are written in an abbreviated way.
Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 4th century.
Location
Present location of the codex is unknown. It is not accessible.
Text
The Greek text of this fragment follows the order and wording of the Nestle-Aland Greek text, reconstructed as ΤΟΥ ΜΟΥ ΤΑΥΤΑ ΜΑΡΤΥΡΕΙ ΠΕΡΙ ΕΜΟΥ ΑΛΛΑ ΥΜΕΙΣ ΟΥ ΠΙΣΤΕΥΕΤΕ ΟΤΙ ΟΥΚ ΕΣΤΕ ΕΚ. Aland did not placed it in any of Categories of New Testament manuscripts.
See also
List of New Testament uncials
Textual criticism
References
Greek New Testament uncials
4th-century biblical manuscripts
Lost biblical manuscripts |
17329963 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephraim%20Kingsbury%20Avery | Ephraim Kingsbury Avery | Ephraim Kingsbury Avery (December 18, 1799 – October 23, 1869) was a Methodist minister who was among the first clergymen tried for murder in the United States. Avery is often cited as "the first", although it is thought there is at least one case that precedes Avery's.
The murder
On December 21, 1832, farmer John Durfee of Tiverton, Rhode Island, discovered a woman's corpse hanging by her neck from a rope tied to a stackpole used to dry hay. Investigators identified the woman as 30-year-old factory worker Sarah Maria Cornell, of Fall River, Massachusetts. The family from whom Sarah Cornell rented a room discovered among her personal effects a note written by Cornell and dated the same day as her death:
"If I should be missing, enquire of the Rev. Mr. Avery of Bristol, he will know where I am."
Other suspicious and incriminating letters came to light, as well as a conversation she had had with a doctor indicating the married Avery was the father of her unborn child. A coroner's jury was convened in Tiverton before any autopsy had been performed. This jury found that Cornell had "committed suicide by hanging herself upon a stake ... and was influenced to commit said crime by the wicked conduct of a married man."
After the autopsy was performed, however, it was discovered that Cornell had been four months pregnant at the time of her death. A second coroner's jury was convened, this time in Bristol, Rhode Island. This jury overruled the earlier finding of suicide and accused Ephraim Kingsbury Avery, a married Methodist minister, as the "principal or accessory" in her death. Avery was quickly arrested on a charge of murder, but just as quickly set free on his own recognizance.
Cornell's pregnancy led another Methodist minister to reject the responsibility of burying her the second time (she already once been exhumed for autopsy). He claimed that she had only been a "probationary" member of his congregation. Responsibility for her burial was assumed by the Fall River Congregationalists, and Cornell was buried as an indigent, on Christmas Eve. That night in Fall River, money was raised and two committees pledged to assist the officials of Tiverton with the murder investigation. The next day (Christmas being not widely celebrated in largely Puritan New England), a steamship was chartered to take one hundred men from Fall River to Bristol. They surrounded Avery's home and demanded he come out. Avery declined, but did send a friend outside to try to placate the crowd. The men eventually left when the steamship signaled its return to Fall River.
In Bristol, an inquest was convened, in which two Justices of the Peace found there to be insufficient evidence to try Avery for the crime of murder. The people of Fall River were outraged, and there were rumors that one of the justices was a Methodist, and was looking to quell the scandal. The deputy sheriff of Fall River, Harvey Harnden, obtained from a Rhode Island superior court judge a warrant for Avery's arrest. When a Rhode Island sheriff went to serve it, he discovered that Avery had already fled.
On January 20, 1833, Harnden tracked Avery to Rindge, New Hampshire. Avery later claimed he had fled because he feared for his life, particularly at the hands of the mob that had surrounded his house. Harnden extradited Avery to Newport, Rhode Island, where Avery was put in jail. On March 8, 1833, Avery was indicted for murder by a Newport County grand jury. He pleaded "not guilty".
A war for public opinion
There were a great deal of external concerns interested in the case of the young Methodist girl who had been employed at the Fall River Manufactory. For one, New England Protestantism was suspicious of the encroachment of the comparatively new sect of Methodism, and the trial seemed to confirm their worst fears. Another was the 19th-century American industrialists whose cotton mills relied on the labor of young, newly independent women. The case of Sarah Cornell cast into doubt the industrialists' assertion that women would be as safe in the factories as they were working at home with their families.
It was therefore in the interest of the factory-owners to keep Cornell from being smeared in the press, and to push for the arrest and conviction of her murderer. Conversely, the Methodist Church wanted to earn respectability and make converts, and wanted to avoid at all costs a criminal and sexual scandal involving one of its own ministers. Consequently, both of these groups contributed a great deal of effort, money and publicity to the trial, for either the prosecution's side or the defense.
The trial
The trial began on May 6, 1833, and was heard by the Supreme Judicial Council (what is today the Rhode Island Supreme Court). The lawyers for the prosecution were Rhode Island Attorney General Albert C. Greene and former attorney general Dutee Jerauld Pearce. The six lawyers for the defense, hired by the Methodist Church, were led by former United States Senator and New Hampshire Attorney General Jeremiah Mason.
The trial lasted 27 days. Under Rhode Island law at the time, defendants in capital cases were not permitted to offer testimony in their own defense, so Avery did not get the opportunity to speak. However, both the prosecution and the defense called a large number of witnesses to testify, 68 for the prosecution, and 128 for the defense.
Although Jeremiah Mason maintained that Avery had not been present when the murder occurred, the larger part of the defense strategy was to call into question Sarah Cornell's morals. The defense characterized her as "utterly abandoned, unprincipled, profligate," and brought forth many witnesses to testify to her promiscuity, suicidal ideation and mental instability. Much was made of how Cornell had been cast out of the Methodist Church for fornication.
Sarah Maria Cornell had come from a fairly prosperous and prominent Connecticut family, but had fallen on hard times after her father, a successful paper cutter, had abandoned them. In her late teens and twenties, Cornell went back and forth between factory work and skilled employment as a seamstress. She acquired a reputation for petty theft and general "bad character". She moved from town to town in New England, engaging in several affairs along the way, and once contracting gonorrhea.
The prosecution largely attempted to portray the Methodist clergy as a dangerous, almost secret society, willing to defend their minister and the good name of their church at any cost.
A medical debate centered around whether the unborn child was in fact conceived in August, although Puritan standards of propriety regarding the female body sometimes made it difficult to elicit factual information. One female witness, when questioned as to the state of Cornell's body, absolutely refused to answer, saying, "I never heard such questions asked of nobody."
Acquittal and aftermath
On June 2, 1833, after deliberating for 16 hours, the jury found Ephraim Kingsbury Avery "not guilty". The minister was set free and returned to his position in the Methodist Church, but the public opinion was that Avery had been wrongfully acquitted. Rallies hanged or burned effigies of Avery, and he himself was once almost lynched in Boston. A great deal of anger was also directed at the Methodist Church. To ease tensions, the church's New England Conference convened a trial of its own, chaired by Wilbur Fisk, in which Avery was again acquitted. This did little, if anything, to quell public antipathy toward Avery or the church.
Avery later embarked on a speaking tour to vindicate himself in the eyes of the public, but his efforts were largely unsuccessful. In 1836, Avery left the Methodist ministry, and took his family first to Connecticut, then upstate New York. They ultimately settled in Ohio, where he lived out the rest of his days as a farmer. Avery also wrote a pamphlet called The correct, full and impartial report of the trial of Rev. Ephraim K. Avery. He died on October 23, 1869, and was buried in South Pittsfield Cemetery, Lorain County, Ohio.
References
Further reading
Fiction
Non-fiction
1799 births
1869 deaths
American Methodist clergy
19th-century Methodist ministers
Burials in Ohio
19th-century American clergy |
17329988 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah%20Cornell | Sarah Cornell | Sarah Cornell may refer to:
Sarah Maria Cornell (1803–1832), American mill worker found hanged
Sarah Cornell (actress), Canadian actress |
23572284 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Wallop | Robert Wallop | Robert Wallop (20 July 1601 – 19 November 1667) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times from 1621 to 1660. He supported the Parliamentary cause in the English Civil War and was one of the regicides of King Charles I of England.
Early life
Wallop was the only son of Sir Henry Wallop of Farleigh Wallop, Hampshire, and his wife, Elizabeth Corbet, daughter of Robert Corbet of Moreton Corbet, Shropshire.
Career
Wallop held demesne lands in both Hampshire and Shropshire, including a manor called "Fitch" which has not been identified by historians, but was potentially located in Shropshire.
In 1621, Wallop was elected Member of Parliament for Andover and re-elected in 1624. In 1625, he was elected MP for Hampshire and re-elected in 1626. He was elected MP for Andover again in 1628 and sat until 1629, when King Charles decided to rule without parliament for eleven years.
Wallop refused to contribute towards the Bishops' War of 1639–40 out of antipathy to the king. In April 1640, he was elected MP for Andover for the Short Parliament and was re-elected for the Long Parliament in November 1640.
He supported parliament in the Civil War, joining in all the subsequent votes against the king. Nevertheless, the king had such confidence in Wallop's honour that in 1645 he said to Parliament he should be willing to put the militia into Wallop's hands with many noblemen and others upon such terms as his commissioners at Uxbridge had agreed upon; however, this proposal was rejected. Wallop survived Pride's Purge to sit in the Rump Parliament and was named by the army grandees as one of the 59 commissioners who sat in judgement at the trial of Charles I. He attended the trial and sat in the Painted Chamber 15 and 22 January and in Westminster Hall 22 and 23 January, but he did not sign the death warrant.
Under the Commonwealth, Wallop was elected one of the Council of State in 1649 and 1650; however, he submitted to Cromwell's government with very great reluctance, having a determined preference for a republic. He was willing to work against the Cromwellian interest to restore his preferred parliament as a proof of his sentiments and courage. For example, when Cromwell wished to form the First Protectorate Parliament to help in the government of the Protectorate, Cromwell wished to keep Sir Henry Vane out of the parliament. He prevented Vane being returned at Kingston upon Hull and Bristol, though it was said Vane had the majority of votes in those two cities. Wallop supported Vane and used his influence to have Vane chosen by the borough of Whitchurch, Hampshire, which so enraged the Cromwellian faction that they sent a menacing letter to Wallop which was signed by most of the justices of the peace for the county. The letter stated that if Wallop continued to support Vane, they would oppose Wallop's attempt to become an MP. Wallop ignored them, assisted Vane and was elected MP for Hampshire in 1654 in spite of the opposition of the justices of the peace. Wallop was re-elected in 1656 and 1659.
After the fall of the Cromwellian interest, Wallop showed his sincere zeal for the Long Parliament as the support of the republic, and they procured him a seat in 1659 in their council of state. In the following December, having assisted with others in securing Portsmouth, he received their thanks for the good and important services he had rendered them. In April 1660, he was elected MP for Whitchurch in the Convention Parliament, but did not take part in its proceedings and was disabled from sitting on 11 June.
At the restoration of the monarchy, Wallop was excepted from receiving any benefit of his estate under the Act of Indemnity and subjected to further punishment. He was brought up to the bar of the House of Commons with Lord Monson and Sir Henry Mildmay. After being required to confess his guilt, he was sentenced to be degraded from his gentility, drawn upon a sledge to and under the gallows at Tyburn with a halter around his neck and to be imprisoned for life. This sentence was solemnly executed upon him on 30 January 1662, which was the anniversary of the king's execution. He died on 19 November 1667 and his body was sent to Farleigh Wallop to be interred with his ancestors.
Family life
Wallop married Ann Wriothesley, daughter of Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton, by whom he had a son, Henry Wallop, his only child. Henry, through the interest of the then Lord High Treasurer, his maternal uncle Thomas Wriothesley, was permitted to enjoy those estates which his father's treason had forfeited. The biographer Mark Noble suggests that it was most probable on account of his family connection to Wallop that Thomas Wriothesley was so extremely strenuous in favour of those regicides who had surrendered.
Henry married Dorothy Bluet, youngest daughter of John Bluet, and had four sons: Robert, who died in his father's lifetime; Henry, who became heir to his father, but died unmarried; John, who next enjoyed the estate; and Charles, who died unmarried before his father. On 11 June 1720, King George I created Wallop's grandson, John, who became heir to the great estates of the family, Baron Wallop of Farley Wallop and Viscount Lymington, both in the county of Southampton.
References
Attribution
1601 births
1667 deaths
Regicides of Charles I
English MPs 1621–1622
English MPs 1624–1625
English MPs 1625
English MPs 1626
English MPs 1628–1629
English MPs 1640 (April)
English MPs 1640–1648
English MPs 1654–1655
English MPs 1656–1658
English MPs 1659
English MPs 1660
Prisoners in the Tower of London
Robert
English politicians convicted of crimes |
6900456 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guruceta%20Trophy | Guruceta Trophy | In Spanish football, the Guruceta trophy is awarded by Spanish sports newspaper MARCA to the best referee for each season. It is named in honour of the famous Spanish referee, Emilio Guruceta.
Rules
After every match the MARCA journalist covering the match will evaluate the referees performance with a score out of 3 - 3 being the best and 0 the worst. At the end of the season a coefficient will be calculated between the number of matches refereed and the number of points awarded. The referee with the highest coefficient wins the trophy.
Winners
La Liga
Segunda División
External links
MARCA website
La Liga
Spanish football trophies and awards |
6900464 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tara%20%28Israel%29 | Tara (Israel) | Tara () is an agricultural cooperative (co-op) in Israel specializing in milk and dairy products. It is the leading private dairy producer in Israel and the second largest dairy processor after Tnuva.
Tara was created in 1942 by dairy farmers from the Tel Aviv neighbourhood of Nahalat Yitzhak and the surrounding area, in order to unite under one organization that would represent them with regard to the British mandatory authorities and concentrated purchasing of fodder rations as well as selling the agricultural produce. The name apparently was decided by the British clerk when the co-op representative came to register the firm did not have a name. A warehouse for fodder as well as a refrigeration room to keep milk on the Shabbat was built on a half-dunam (500 m²) plot of land. The increase in productivity as well as quantities of milk provided a surplus that led the co-op to begin producing cream and cheeses.
With the establishment of the State of Israel, a dairy department was created in the new Ministry of Agriculture, and with it new regulations with regard to production including required pasteurization, a standard 3.5% level of fat, and that dairy farmers work from concentrated areas and independently. This led to more dairy farmers to join from Giv'atayim, Jaffa, and Petah Tikva as well as production expanding to hard cheeses.
At the beginning of the 1960s, during the period that Moshe Dayan was Minister of Agriculture, the government decided to change the zoning of the Nahalat Yitzhak neighbourhood from agricultural to urban-industrial. Subsequently, the local farmers were forced to move their enterprises elsewhere. The elimination of its main source of milk required Tara to purchase milk from new farmers as well as Tnuva.
Until the late 1990s, Tara was still run by representatives of the original owners. In 1997, it was decided to hire 'professional' management. In 2004, the Central Bottling Company Ltd., the local licensee of Coca-Cola, purchased the company for $39 million.
In 2006, Tara signed a licensing and know-how deal with Müller of a European dairy product manufacturer based in Germany.
As of 2006, Tara employs over 360 workers and produces about 135 million liters of milk yearly, which is about 450,000 liters of milk daily on average, with a market share of 10-13%. Estimated revenues in 2005 were 500 million NIS, with a loss of about $10 million.
In August 2007, the Gilead Dairy owned by Tara, acquired Tzuriel Farm for under NIS 20 million. The 'Tzuriel Farm' dairy, specializing in hard-cheese, goat-cheeses, and other semi-firm cheeses was established in 1986 and since 1999 has operated a unique line of soy-based products.
References
External links
Official web site
Dairy products companies of Israel
Israeli brands |
23572297 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian%20cricket%20team%20in%20the%20Netherlands%20in%202009 | Canadian cricket team in the Netherlands in 2009 | The Canadian cricket team toured the Netherlands in 2009. They played two One Day Internationals and an Intercontinental Cup match against the Netherlands.
Intercontinental Cup match
ODI series
1st ODI
2nd ODI
2009 in cricket
2009 in Dutch sport
International cricket competitions in 2009
Canadian cricket tours abroad
International cricket tours of the Netherlands
Canada–Netherlands relations |
17329993 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah%20Maria%20Cornell | Sarah Maria Cornell | Sarah Maria Cornell (May 3, 1803 – December 20, 1832) was a Fall River mill worker whose corpse was found hanging from a stackpole on the farm of John Durfee in nearby Tiverton, Rhode Island on December 21, 1832. Her death was at first thought to be a suicide. After an autopsy, it was discovered she was pregnant. Methodist minister Ephraim K. Avery would be suspected of her pregnancy and tried for her murder, in a trial what would engage local industrialists against the New England Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Although Avery would be acquitted for the murder, he was forever scorned in the eyes of the public.
Biography
Sarah Maria Cornell was born on May 3, 1803, likely in Rupert, Vermont to James and Lucretia (Leffingwell) Cornell. Lucretia had been born well-off in an old Puritan family, the daughter of a Connecticut merchant and paper maker. However she had been disowned by her father after she married James Cornell, who had worked in his paper mill, and of whom he did not approve. James abandoned the family when Cornell was a baby, forcing her mother to give up her older sister and brother to relatives as she was financially unable to care for three children. Cornell remained with her mother to age eleven when she moved in with her aunt Joanna, in Norwich, Connecticut. Later in her teens, she apprenticed as a tailor. In 1820 she moved to nearby Bozrahville and worked as a tailor for about two years.
Around 1822 or 1823 she went to work at a cotton mill in Killingly, Connecticut. In the years that followed, she would move often and work at various mills in Rhode Island and Connecticut, including stints in North Providence, Jewett City, Slatersville. During this period, Cornell often got into trouble, including charges of theft and other "inappropriate" acts for a woman of that time.
During her time at Slatersville between 1823 and 1826, Cornell converted to Methodism, and sought to change her ways. However, in February 1826, the mill at Slatersville burned to the ground and she was forced to seek employment elsewhere. She first moved to the nearby village of Branch Factory and later to Mendon Mills (later called Millville, Massachusetts), several miles away.
In early 1827, Cornell moved again to find mill work in Dedham, Massachusetts. However, after only a few weeks there she moved again to Dorchester, Massachusetts, where she was able to reconnect with the Methodists. In May 1828, she moved to the booming mill town of Lowell, Massachusetts where she worked as a weaver until about the end of 1829. It was during this period in Lowell that she met a newly arrived Methodist minister, Ephraim Kingsbury Avery.
In September 1830, she moved to Dover, New Hampshire. Only two months later she moved again to Somersworth, New Hampshire. During the summer of 1831 she left New Hampshire for Waltham, Massachusetts but only stayed there a few weeks. She then moved to Taunton, Massachusetts where she found employment. In May 1832 she left Taunton for Woodstock, Connecticut where she was able to find work again as a tailor in Grindall Rawson's shop. It was at a Methodist Camp Meeting in Thompson, Connecticut at the end of August 1832 that Cornell once again crossed paths with Reverend Avery. By this time, Avery had become the minister in Bristol, Rhode Island. It is alleged that during the Thompson Camp meeting that Avery seduced Sarah Cornell.
In October 1832, she moved to Fall River where she found lodging at the home of Elija Cole. By this time she was showing clear signs of pregnancy, and sought advice from a local doctor in Fall River. By early December 1832, she moved to the Hathaway residence on Spring Street.
Death
On the morning of December 21, 1832, Cornell's body was found by farmer John Durfee quickly identified by the minister. Later discovered among her personal effects at the Hathaway residence was a note written by Cornell and dated the same day as her death:
"If I should be missing, enquire of the Rev. Mr. Avery of Bristol, he will know where I am."
Other suspicious and incriminating letters were also discovered, as well as a conversation she had had with a doctor indicating the married Avery was the father of her unborn child. A coroner's jury was convened in Tiverton before any autopsy had been performed. This jury found that Cornell had "committed suicide by hanging herself upon a stake ... and was influenced to commit said crime by the wicked conduct of a married man."
After the autopsy was performed, it was discovered that Cornell had been four months pregnant at the time of her death. A second coroner's jury was convened, this time in Bristol, Rhode Island. This jury overruled the earlier finding of suicide and accused Ephraim Kingsbury Avery, a married Methodist minister, as the "principal or accessory" in her death. Avery was quickly arrested on a charge of murder, but just as quickly set free on his own recognizance.
Cornell's pregnancy led another Methodist minister to reject the responsibility of burying her the second time (she already once been exhumed for autopsy). He claimed that she had only been a "probationary" member of his congregation. Responsibility for her burial was assumed by the Fall River Congregationalists, and Cornell was buried as an indigent, on Christmas Eve. That night, in Fall River, money was raised and two committees pledged to assist the officials of Tiverton with the murder investigation. The next day, a steamship was chartered to take one hundred men from Fall River to Bristol. They surrounded Avery's home and demanded he come out. Avery declined, but did send a friend outside to try to placate the crowd. The men eventually left when the steamship signaled its return to Fall River.
In Bristol, an inquest was convened, in which two Justices of the Peace found there to be insufficient evidence to try Avery for the crime of murder. The people of Fall River were outraged, and there were rumors that one of the justices was a Methodist, and was looking to quell the scandal. The deputy sheriff of Fall River, Harvey Harnden, obtained from a Rhode Island superior court judge a warrant for Avery's arrest. When a Rhode Island sheriff went to serve it, he discovered that Avery had already fled.
On January 20, 1833, Harnden tracked Avery to Rindge, New Hampshire. Avery later claimed he had fled because he feared for his life, particularly at the hands of the mob that had surrounded his house. Harnden extradited Avery to Newport, Rhode Island, where Avery was put in jail. On March 8, 1833, Avery was indicted for murder by a Newport County grand jury. He pleaded "not guilty".
Trial
The trial began in Newport, Rhode Island on May 6, 1833, and was heard by the Supreme Judicial Council. The lawyers for the prosecution were Rhode Island Attorney General Albert C. Greene and former attorney general Dutee Jerauld Pearce. The six lawyers for the defense, hired by the Methodist Church, were led by former United States Senator and New Hampshire Attorney General Jeremiah Mason.
The trial lasted 27 days. Under Rhode Island law at the time, defendants in capital cases were not permitted to offer testimony in their own defense, so Avery did not get the opportunity to speak. However, both the prosecution and the defense called a large number of witnesses to testify, 68 for the prosecution, and 128 for the defense.
Although the defense maintained that Avery had not been present when the murder occurred, the larger part of the defense strategy was to call into question Cornell's morals. The defense characterized her as "utterly abandoned, unprincipled, profligate," and brought forth many witnesses to testify to her promiscuity, suicidal ideation and mental instability. Much was made of how Cornell had been cast out of the Methodist Church for fornication.
The prosecution largely attempted to portray the Methodist clergy as a dangerous, almost secret society, willing to defend their minister and the good name of their church at any cost.
A medical debate centered around whether the unborn child was in fact conceived in August, although Puritan standards of propriety regarding the female body sometimes made it difficult to elicit factual information. One female witness, when questioned as to the state of Cornell's body, absolutely refused to answer, saying, "I never heard such questions asked of nobody."
On June 2, 1833, after deliberating for 16 hours, the jury found Ephraim Kingsbury Avery "not guilty". The minister was set free and returned to his position in the Methodist Church, but the public opinion was that Avery had been wrongfully acquitted. Rallies hanged or burned effigies of Avery, and he himself was once almost lynched in Boston. A great deal of anger was also directed at the Methodist Church. To ease tensions, the church's New England Conference convened a trial of its own, chaired by Wilbur Fisk, in which Avery was again acquitted. This did little, if anything, to quell public antipathy toward Avery or the church.
Avery later embarked on a speaking tour to vindicate himself in the eyes of the public, but his efforts were largely unsuccessful. In 1836, Avery left the Methodist ministry, and took his family first to Connecticut, then upstate New York. They ultimately settled in Ohio, where he lived out the rest of his days as a farmer. Avery also wrote a pamphlet called The correct, full and impartial report of the trial of Rev. Ephraim K. Avery. He died on October 23, 1869.
Legacy
Cornell's body was originally buried on the farm near where her body was found. However, years later it was moved to Plot 2733 on Whitethorn Path at Oak Grove Cemetery (Fall River, Massachusetts) when the farm became South Park.
References
Further reading
Raven, Rory (2009). Wicked Conduct: The Minister, the Mill Girl, and the Murder That Captivated Old Rhode Island. Charleston, SC: [History Press]. pp. 128. .
1803 births
1832 deaths
People from Fall River, Massachusetts
People from Worcester County, Massachusetts
People from Rupert, Vermont
People from North Smithfield, Rhode Island
Cornell family
Deaths by hanging |
6900467 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivers%20Access%20Campaign | Rivers Access Campaign | The Rivers Access Campaign is an ongoing initiative by the British Canoe Union (BCU) to open up the inland waterways of England and Wales to the public. Under current English and Welsh law, public access to rivers is restricted, and only 2% of all rivers in England and Wales have public access rights.
Current access situation
There are of inland river and canal in England and Wales with navigation rights, and over of inland rivers with no access.
England and Wales are unusual in the level of restriction upon their waterways and are considered two of the most difficult places in the world to gain access to rivers. The Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 grants a "Right to Roam" specifically to areas of open land comprising:
mountain (land over 600 metres)
moorland
heathland
downland
registered common land
In England and Wales there is no blanket right of access to non-agricultural land, unlike Scotland, where the Scottish Parliament passed the 2003 Land Reform (Scotland) Act granting access for both land and inland waterways to the public.
The UK government has encouraged canoeists to seek negotiations and create access agreements for privately owned water with land owners throughout England and Wales. For over 50 years both the BCU and WCA have been working to seek these agreements for access, which has resulted in , a total 4% of all privately owned linear waterways in England and Wales being opened up with some form of public access agreement.
The Welsh Canoeing Association estimate that there are around 300 rivers in Wales suitable for kayaking, only 13 of which have any form of legal access agreement.
Most of these agreements permit access only on certain days of the year or for short sections of the river. The government has decided to pursue further agreements in 4 study areas, over a 2-year trial period. However, there is no guarantee that this trial will grant further access, with recent government studies showing that access agreements are unlikely to be able to provide the necessary resources needed for water sports.
The law
Legally the water itself is not owned, but ownership of the lands include stream bed ownership. Under common law, the presence of water does not provide a right to use the space occupied by, or immediately above the water. This is a civil offence , and may incur a fine or possibly a court injunction to prevent further trespassing. This applies to any member of the public, be they canoeists, rowers, swimmers, or anglers.
It has been suggested that a "common-law" right of navigation exists on any navigable water in England and Wales: however, this has been refuted by legal experts.
The only arrestable offence is aggravated trespass, under the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994, where a criminal offence is committed whilst trespassing. There must also be intent to disrupt or intimidate those engaged in lawful activities.
References
External links
British Canoe Union website
Welsh Canoeing Association website
River Access for All
Canoeing in the United Kingdom
Freedom to roam |
17330035 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindon%2C%20Myanmar | Mindon, Myanmar | Mindon is a town in Burma. It is the capital of Mindon Township of Thayet District in the Magway Region.
References
Populated places in Thayet District
Township capitals of Myanmar
Mindon Township |
23572307 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy%20Trinity%20Church%2C%20Yerevan | Holy Trinity Church, Yerevan | Holy Trinity Church ( Surp Yerrordut'yun Yekeghets'i) is an Armenian Apostolic Church constructed in 2003 in the Malatia-Sebastia District of Yerevan, Armenia. It is modeled after the 7th century Zvartnots Cathedral.
The construction works of the church planned to be built on the South-Western District of Yerevan started in March 2001. The Church was built according to the project of architect Baghdasar Arzoumanian with the sponsorship of American Armenian national benefactor Mrs. Louise Simone Manoogian. On November 9, 2004, Karekin II, Catholicos of All Armenians, presided over the ceremony of consecration of the crosses of the Church of Holy Trinity. The Church of Holy Trinity was consecrated by Karekin II on November 20, 2005.
Gallery
External links
Holy Trinity Church - Araratian Diocese
About the Holy Trinity Church in Yerevan
Armenian Apostolic church buildings in Yerevan
Churches completed in 2003 |
17330042 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratt%27s%20sign | Pratt's sign | Pratt's sign is an indication of femoral deep vein thrombosis. It is seen as the presence of dilated pretibial veins in the affected leg, which remain dilated on raising the leg.
The sign was described by American surgeon Gerald H. Pratt (1928–2006) of St. Vincent's Hospital in 1949.
This is not the same as the Pratt Test, which checks for a DVT by compressing a vein with the hands.
References
Symptoms and signs: Vascular |
23572320 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planera | Planera | Planera is a genus of flowering plants with a single species, Planera aquatica, the planertree or water elm. Found in the southeastern United States, it is a small deciduous tree 10–15 m tall, closely related to the elms but with a softly, prickly nut 10–15 mm diameter, instead of a winged seed. It grows, as the name suggests, on wet sites. Despite its common English name, this species is not a true elm, although it is a close relative of the elms (species of the genus Ulmus). It is also subject to Dutch elm disease, a disease which affects only members of the Ulmaceae. It is native to most of the southeast United States. It is hardy down to Zone 7.
Water Elm
Description
Leaves: alternate, 3–7 cm long, with irregularly serrated to double serrated margins. Leaf base wedge-shaped or rounded. Leaf base often equal and symmetrical, but can be asymmetrical. Thin pubescent hair is often present on underside of leaf.
Bark: gray-brown, thin, some flaky loose scales. Exfoliates to reveal red-brown area under bark.
Fruit: a drupe. Has a green shell that turns brown with age. Matures April - May.
Distinguishing Characteristics
While often confused with true elms, it can be easily distinguished by noticing the fruit are drupes and not samaras. When fruit are not in season, the flaky bark is unique to water elm and not characteristic of true elms.
May also be confused with Celtis (hackberries), but hackberry leaves have pronounced lower lateral veins not found on water elm.
Ecology
Typically found on alluvial floodplains subjected to seasonal or temporary flooding. Often found in swamps, streams, lakes, or in riparian areas. Has some wildlife value, food for bees and some bird species. Prefers sandy or gravelly, moist soils.
Classified as an obligate wetland plant (OBL).
References
Ulmaceae
Monotypic Rosales genera
Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Gmelin |
6900474 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange%20City%20Fire%20Department | Orange City Fire Department | The Orange Fire Department (OFD) provides fire protection and emergency medical services for the city of Orange, California. The department is responsible for a population of approximately 140,000 people spread across . Along with their standard firefighting apparatus, the department also has a swiftwater rescue team that is available for deployment anywhere in Orange County.
History
The Orange Fire Department came into existence on December 14, 1905 at a meeting between the city's Fire and Water Committees. Twenty-nine men signed up to join the all volunteer fire department. New volunteers were required to purchase shares of the "Company" for $100. The volunteers were paid 50 cents a call if they didn't have to use water, $1 if they did and were also paid $1 per false alarm. Early on, there were often fights between the volunteers when an alarm went off, as they battled to see which would be the ones to pull the ladder wagon or hose cart to the fire, thus earning the pay for the call.
In 1906, the City of Orange built a Fire Hall (which cost only $467, at the time) to house the fire apparatus and the bell tower used to sound fire alarms. The original apparatus was a horse-drawn hook and ladder wagon and two-hand drawn carts. It wasn't until 1912 that the department acquired it first motor-driven equipment, a Seagrave pumper. The first paid firefighter, William Vickers, was hired by the Department in 1914 and he lived upstairs at the Fire Hall for an $8-a-month rent. This Fire Hall acted as OFD's headquarters until November 1935, when the department built another facility. Incidentally, said facility eventually burned down.
An American LaFrance fire truck capable of pumping 1,000 gallons a minute was purchased for $13,000 in 1921, making the Orange Fire Department the first firefighting agency in Orange County to purchase and utilize a motorized fire engine.
By 1966 the department had fully transitioned from a volunteer department, to full-time career.
In 1973, the department became one of the first in Orange County to provide paramedic rescue service.
As of January 2021, a new fire headquarters is under construction on a 1.5 acre, city-owned site located at East Chapman Avenue at Water Street. The new facility will replace the current 50-year-old fire headquarters and will provide for increased administrative and training space, as well as increased room for fire apparatus. The total cost of the project, including design, construction, and outfitting, is estimated at 24.9 million USD$.
Stations and apparatus
The department has 8 stations spread across the city. There are 2 Engine Companies at Stations 1 and 7.
Metro Cities Fire Authority
The Orange City Fire Department is part of the Metro Cities Fire Authority which provides emergency communications for multiple departments in and around Orange County. The call center, known as Metro Net Fire Dispatch, is located in Anaheim and provides 9-1-1 fire and EMS dispatch to over 1.2 million residents covering an area of . Other departments included in Metro Net include Anaheim Fire & Rescue, Brea Fire Department, Fountain Valley, Fullerton Fire Department, Huntington Beach Fire Department, and Newport Beach Fire Department.
References
Fire departments in California
Emergency services in Orange County, California
Ambulance services in the United States
Medical and health organizations based in California
1905 establishments in California |
23572344 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%20Aage%20Brandt | Per Aage Brandt | Per Aage Brandt (; 26 April 1944 – 11 November 2021) was a Danish writer, poet, linguist and musician, born in Buenos Aires. He got his Master of Arts in Romance Philology from the University of Copenhagen (1971) & held a Doctorate of Semiotics from the Sorbonne University (1987).
Brandt published a large number of books on the subjects of semiotics, linguistics, culture, and music as well as poetry.
He made his debut as a poet in 1969 with the poetry collection Poesi and has since then written several poetry collections and essays. He has translated Molière and Marquis de Sade, amongst others, and in 2000 he translated (or "re-wrote" in Danish) the poetry collection Cantabile by Henrik, the prince consort of Denmark. Some of his translations were subsequently set to music in Frederik Magle's symphonic suite Cantabile.
Bibliography
La Charpente modale du sens, John Benjamins, Amsterdam 1992.
Dynamiques du sens, Aarhus University Press 1994.
Morphologies of Meaning, Aarhus University Press 1995.
Det menneskeligt virkelige, Politisk Revys Forlag, Copenhagen 2002
Spaces, Domains, and Meaning, Peter Lang, Bern 2004
References
Kraks Blå Bog (2008/09), 1279 pages,
https://www.storyvillerecords.com/products/cry-1018443
External links
1944 births
2021 deaths
University of Copenhagen alumni
University of Paris alumni
Danish male poets
Linguists from Denmark
Danish semioticians
20th-century Danish poets
20th-century Danish translators
20th-century Danish male writers
Danish expatriates in Argentina
Danish expatriates in France
People from Buenos Aires |
6900492 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBL%20Pipeline | BBL Pipeline | The BBL Pipeline (Balgzand Bacton Line, BBL) is a natural gas interconnector between the Netherlands and the United Kingdom.
History
Laying the pipeline between the compressor station at the Balgzand Gas Plant at Grasweg in Anna Paulowna (province of North Holland) and Bacton Gas Terminal started on 14 July 2006. The pipeline became operational on 1 December 2006.
Technical description
The overall length of pipeline is of which around is offshore. The pipeline's diameter is and working pressure is . The initial capacity is 16 billion cubic meters (bcm) per year, which will be increased to 19.2 bcm by the end of 2010 by installing a fourth compressor at the compressor station at Anna Paulowna. The pipeline has a regulatory exemption from the two-ways gas flow until October 2018. Until this, the direction of gas flow is from the Netherlands to the UK. The overall cost of the project was around €500 million.
Operating company
The BBL was developed and operated by the BBL Company. The main shareholder of the company is Gasunie with 60% of the shares, and Uniper (through Uniper Ruhrgas BBL B.V.) and Fluxys both own 20%. Russian Gazprom had an option for 9%, in exchange for a 9% share of Nord Stream AG. The BBL Pipeline would allow Gazprom to supply additional gas to the British market through the Nord Stream pipeline.
See also
Interconnector (North Sea)
References
External links
BBL Company website
Energy infrastructure completed in 2006
Natural gas pipelines in the Netherlands
Natural gas pipelines in the United Kingdom
Netherlands–United Kingdom relations
North Sea energy
Pipelines under the North Sea
Uniper
2006 establishments in England
2006 establishments in the Netherlands |
23572355 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elmer%20Sleight | Elmer Sleight | Elmer Noble "Red" Sleight (1907 - August 9, 1978) was an All-American football player.
Sleight was born in 1907 in Morris, Illinois, and attended Morris High School.
He played at the tackle position for the Purdue University Boilermakers from 1927 to 1929. He was a consensus first-team player on the 1929 All-America college football team, receiving first-team honors from the Associated Press, Collier's Weekly, International News Service an All-America Board. He also received the Western Conference medal for proficiency in scholarship and athletics and was one of 11 All-American football players to appear in the 1930 film "Maybe It's Love".
He played professionally for the Green Bay Packers in 1930 and 1931. He appeared in 26 NFL games for the Packers, 19 of them as a starter.
After his playing career ended, Sleight held assistant coaching positions at Missouri and then Lehigh. He later went into marketing in Chicago. He moved to Naples, Florida, after retiring. He died in Naples in 1978 at age 71.
References
All-American college football players
American football tackles
Purdue Boilermakers football players
Green Bay Packers players
People from Sisseton, South Dakota
Players of American football from South Dakota
1907 births
1978 deaths |
6900512 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arlene%20Croce | Arlene Croce | Arlene Louise Croce (born May 5, 1934) founded Ballet Review magazine in 1965. She was a dance critic for The New Yorker magazine from 1973 to 1998.
Career
Prior to Croce’s long career as a dance writer, she also wrote film criticism for Film Culture and other magazines. The keynote of her criticism can be grasped from her ability to evoke kinesthetic movement and expressive images in her writing. Although she considers ballet to epitomize the highest form of dance, she has also written extensively on the topic of popular and filmed dance, and is a recognized authority on the Astaire and Rogers musical films.
In 1994, she courted controversy with her stance on Bill T. Jones's Still/Here, a work about terminal illness. In an article called "Discussing the Undiscussable," she dubbed the work "victim art" and refused to attend any performances, claiming that it was "unreviewable." The article was reprinted in her 2000 book, Writing in the Dark.
Her writings on dance are available in several books, and a sampling of her film criticism can be found in the anthology American Movie Critics: An Anthology From the Silents Until Now. A review of her The Fred Astaire & Ginger Rogers Book can be found in Pauline Kael's collection of movie reviews, Reeling.
Bibliography
Incomplete - to be updated
Books
The Fred Astaire & Ginger Rogers Book (1972)
Afterimages (1978)
Going to the Dance (1982)
Sight Lines (1987)
Writing in the Dark, Dancing in 'The New Yorker''' (2000)American Movie Critics: An Anthology From the Silents Until Now (2006), edited by Phillip Lopate — contains her reviews on the films Pather Panchali and Aparajito as well as a selection from The Fred Astaire & Ginger Rogers Book.
Articles
Gail Conrad and The Tap Dance Theatre; American Ballet Theatre's performance of Field, Chair and Mountain by David Gordon.
About Arlene Croce (in Spanish). La crítica en la danza. "Discussing the indiscussable". By Patricia Roldán
The Dance Criticism of Arlene Croce'' (2005) by Marc Raymond Strauss, McFarland & Co,
References
External links
1934 births
Living people
American dance critics
The New Yorker people
Dance writers
American women journalists
American women critics
20th-century American journalists
20th-century American women
21st-century American women |
6900520 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendragon%20Records | Pendragon Records | Pendragon Records was a short-lived American industrial and electronic music record label that was founded in 1997 by Irish expatriate Colm O'Connor. The label was based out of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Pendragon released a total of 25 albums from artists based in the United States, Canada, and Germany. Notable bands signed to Pendragon included Haujobb, Gridlock, Velvet Acid Christ, and Xorcist.
Its first release, PEN100, was Haujobb's Homes and Gardens. The label was bought out by Metropolis Records in 1999 shortly after it released Halo_Gen's self-titled album as PEN125. When Metropolis Records bought Pendragon, they continued to sell Pendragon's backstock. Some of the bands that had been signed to Pendragon, such as Haujobb and Imperative Reaction, continued to release music on Metropolis Records. Others, such as Gridlock, moved to other labels after the acquisition.
Bands on Pendragon Records
Fektion Fekler
Fracture
Gridlock
Halo_Gen
Haujobb
Imperative Reaction
Individual Totem
Kalte Farben
La Floa Maldita
Neutronic
THD
Velvet Acid Christ
Wave Workers Foundation
Xorcist
See also
Metropolis Records
List of record labels
External links
Discogs label summary and complete discography
Record labels established in 1997
Record labels disestablished in 1999
American independent record labels
Electronic music record labels
Industrial record labels |
23572360 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATCvet%20code%20QI05 | ATCvet code QI05 |
QI05A Horse
QI05AA Inactivated viral vaccines
QI05AA01 Equine influenza virus
QI05AA03 Equine rhinopneumonitis virus + equine reovirus + equine influenza virus
QI05AA04 Equine rhinopneumonitis virus + equine influenza virus
QI05AA05 Equine rhinopneumonitis virus
QI05AA06 Equine reovirus
QI05AA07 Equine arteritis virus
QI05AA08 Equine parapox virus
QI05AA09 Equine rotavirus
QI05AA10 West nile virus
QI05AA11 Equine rhinopneumonitis virus + equine abortion virus
QI05AB Inactivated bacterial vaccines (including mycoplasma, toxoid and chlamydia)
QI05AB01 Streptococcus
QI05AB02 Actinobacillus + escherichia + salmonella + streptococcus
QI05AB03 Clostridium
QI05AC Inactivated bacterial vaccines and antisera
Empty group
QI05AD Live viral vaccines
QI05AD01 Equine rhinopneumonitis virus
QI05AD02 Equine influenza virus
QI05AE Live bacterial vaccines
Empty group
QI05AF Live bacterial and viral vaccines
Empty group
QI05AG Live and inactivated bacterial vaccines
Empty group
QI05AH Live and inactivated viral vaccines
Empty group
QI05AI Live viral and inactivated bacterial vaccines
QI05AI01 Equine influenza virus + clostridium
QI05AJ Live and inactivated viral and bacterial vaccines
Empty group
QI05AK Inactivated viral and live bacterial vaccines
Empty group
QI05AL Inactivated viral and inactivated bacterial vaccines
QI05AL01 Equine influenza virus + clostridium
QI05AM Antisera, immunoglobulin preparations, and antitoxins
QI05AM01 Clostridium antiserum
QI05AM02 Antilipopolysacharide antiserum
QI05AM03 Actinobacillus antiserum + escherichia antiserum + salmonella antiserum + streptococcus antiserum
QI05AN Live parasitic vaccines
Empty group
QI05AO Inactivated parasitic vaccines
Empty group
QI05AP Live fungal vaccines
QI05AP01 Trichophyton
QI05AQ Inactivated fungal vaccines
QI05AQ01 Trichophyton
QI05AQ02 Trichophyton + microsporum
QI05AR In vivo diagnostic preparations
QI05AR01 Mallein
QI05AS Allergens
Empty group
QI05AT Colostrum preparations and substitutes
Empty group
QI05AU Other live vaccines
Empty group
QI05AV Other inactivated vaccines
Empty group
QI05AX Other immunologicals
QI05AX01 Parapox ovis virus, inactivated
QI05AX02 Propionibacterium acnes, inactivated
QI05B Azinine/donkey
Empty group
QI05C Hybride
Empty group
QI05X Equidae, others
Empty group
References
I05 |
17330069 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007%20ABC%20Supply%20Company%20A.J.%20Foyt%20225 | 2007 ABC Supply Company A.J. Foyt 225 | The 2007 ABC Supply Company/A.J. Foyt 225 was a race in the 2007 IRL IndyCar Series, held at The Milwaukee Mile. It was held over the weekend of 1 -June 3, 2007, as the sixth round of the seventeen-race calendar.
Classification
References
IndyCar Series
ABC Supply Company A.J. Foyt 225
Milwaukee Indy 225
ABC Supply
ABC Supply Company A.J. Foyt 225 |
23572401 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis%20Rendt | Lewis Rendt | Captain Lewis Rendt (born 1769 in Germany, died 1849 in Canada) was an early 19th-century Hessian soldier of the Swiss Regiment, who later fought with the British in the Mediterranean (during the Invasion of Sicily), Spain, Egypt, and North America (during the British-American 1812 War). His regiment fought under the Duke of Wellington in Spain from 1811 to 1813. He was stationed variously at Cadiz, Malta, and Montreal.
While stationed in Cadiz in 1811 he married Juaquina (Josephine, Sophia) Ramirez de Arrellano. They had seven children, including Rachel, who married Francis Ramacciotti, and Frances, who married Captain L.R.Boynton and was the mother of Major Nathan Boynton, who founded Boynton Beach, Florida.
In the 1812 War he was an officer in the British-controlled Swiss Regiment De Wattville. Upon his retirement, he took to farming on the Canadian side of the St. Clair River near Port Huron with the aid of a Canadian land grant. He received 900 acres for his military service. He sold 100 acres back to the Crown, for the benefit of the Chippewa Indians. Later when oil was discovered on it the Crown reneged on the promise to the Indians and sold it to an oil company instead as written in Canada's Victorian Oil Town. He was also active as an agent of the state of Michigan in promoting Europeans to settle there.
Bibliography
Société Vaudoise d'Histoire et d'Archéologie: Revue Historique Vaudoise 1894; p. 369. List of officers of the De Watteville Regiment – Louis Rendt, de Hesse-Dannstadt.
Elliot, Ernest: British Numismatic Journal and Proceedings of the British Numismatic Society – 1949; p 223. Lieutenant Louis Rendt.
"Canada's Victorian Oil Town: The Transformation of Petrolia from a ... - Page 5 by Christina Ann Burr On 13 March 1841 Lewis Rendt sold the east half of lot nine"
"Journal – Page 739 Michigan. Legislature. House of Representatives – 1841- ... part three of the revised statutes — Mr. Humphrey, 286 Referring the communication of Louis Rendt to the committee on ... the county of Chippewa"
"A List of the Officers of the Army and of the Corps of Royal Marines- Great Britain. War Office – 1818 – Nov. 1805 promoted lieutenant -Louis Rendt"
References
German emigrants to Canada
1769 births
1849 deaths |
23572404 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocarpha%20virgata | Holocarpha virgata | Holocarpha virgata is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names yellowflower tarweed, pitgland tarweed, and narrow tarplant.
Distribution
Holocarpha virgata is endemic to California, where it is most common in the San Joaquin Valley and Sacramento Valley of the Central Valley, and adjacent foothills of the Inner Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada (U.S.). There are additional populations in foothills of the Peninsular Ranges in San Diego County, western Riverside County, and Orange County.
Description
Holocarpha virgata is an annual herb producing an erect stem to over tall. It has many branches and is lined with oily glands and hairs. The linear leaves are up to long near the base of the plant and those along the stem are much smaller.
The inflorescence is made up of several short branches lined densely in small, thick, green bracts. The bracts are just a few millimeters long and are tipped with glands. At the ends of the branches are flower heads, each lined with phyllaries which are covered in knobby resin glands. Each head contains 9-25 disc florets which are yellow with black or purplish anthers. The head has a fringe of 3-7 yellow ray florets which often have lobed tips.
Subspecies
Holocarpha virgata subsp. elongata D. D. Keck - San Diego County, western Riverside County, and Orange County
Holocarpha virgata subsp. virgata - Central Valley, etc.
References
External links
Jepson Manual Treatment: Holocarpha virgata
United States Department of Agriculture Plants Profile for Holocarpha virgata
Holocarpha virgata — Calphotos Photo gallery, University of California
Madieae
Endemic flora of California
Flora of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
Natural history of the California chaparral and woodlands
Natural history of the Central Valley (California)
Natural history of the California Coast Ranges
Natural history of the Peninsular Ranges
Natural history of San Diego County, California
Plants described in 1859
Flora without expected TNC conservation status |
23572430 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert%20Shaw%20%28journalist%29 | Albert Shaw (journalist) | Albert Shaw (July 23, 1857 – June 25, 1947) was an American journalist and academic.
Life
Born in Shandon, Ohio, to the family of Dr. Griffin M. Shaw, Albert Shaw moved to Iowa in the spring of 1875, where he attended Iowa College (now Grinnell College) specializing in constitutional history and economic science and graduated in 1879. While a student, Shaw also worked as a journalist at the Grinnell Herald. In 1881 he entered Johns Hopkins University as a graduate student.
In 1883, Shaw secured a position on the Minneapolis Tribune but returned to Johns Hopkins to complete a Ph.D. His thesis, "Icaria: A Chapter in the History of Communism", was later translated and published in Germany. After graduation, he resumed work at the Tribune.
In 1888, Shaw took a sociological tour of Britain and the European continent. There he met British journalist and reformer William Thomas Stead, editor of the British journal Review of Reviews.
In the autumn of 1890 Shaw was elected professor of international law and political institutions at Cornell University but resigned the post in 1891 to accept Stead's invitation to establish an American edition of the Review of Reviews. Shaw served as editor-in-chief of this publication until it ceased publication in 1937, ten years before his death at the age of ninety.
Shaw married Elizabeth Leonard Bacon of Reading, Pennsylvania, on September 5, 1893.
Shaw was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in October 1893.
Selected works
Notes
References
New General Catalog of Old Books and Authors
External links
American male journalists
Johns Hopkins University alumni
1857 births
1947 deaths
Grinnell College alumni
Members of the American Antiquarian Society
People from Butler County, Ohio |
20467831 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasciolariidae | Fasciolariidae | The Fasciolariidae, common name the "tulip snails and spindle snails", are a family of small to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Buccinoidea.
The family Fasciolariidae probably appeared about 110 million years ago during the Cretaceous
Distribution
The recent species inhabit tropical to temperate waters.
Description
The shells are usually reddish in color and have a moderate to large size, reaching a height between 1.0 and 60 cm. The shells are spindle-shaped and biconic. The spire is elongated. The siphonal canal is well developed and is long to moderately long. The columella varies between a smooth appearance and showing spiral folds. The horny operculum has an oval shape. Their radula is characteristic with narrow central teeth with three cusps. The wide lateral teeth show numerous ctenoid (= comblike) cusps.
Snails in the family Fasciolariidae are carnivorous. They feed on other gastropods and on bivalves. Some also prey on worms and barnacles.
The snails are gonochoristic, i.e. the individuals have just one sex. The female snails deposit their eggs in horny capsules either in a single form or in clusters arranged around a hollow axis. The single forms have a flattened, disk-shaped, or vase-shaped form. The clusters are hemispherical or cylindrical. Development is usually direct. The larvae emerge from the capsules as free-swimming young or as crawling young.
Taxonomy
According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005), the Fasciolariidae consist of the following subfamilies:
Clavilithinae Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 †
Fasciolariinae Gray, 1853
Fusininae Wrigley, 1927 - synonyms: Fusinae Swainson, 1840 (inv.); Cyrtulidae MacDonald, 1869; Streptochetinae Cossmann, 1901
Peristerniinae Tryon, 1880 - synonym: Latiridae Iredale, 1929
Genera
Genera in the family Fasciolariidae include (fossil genera are marked with a dagger):
subfamily Clavilithinae Vermeij & Snyder, 2018 †
† Africolithes Eames, 1957
† Austrolithes Finlay, 1931
† Chiralithes Olsson, 1930
† Clavellofusus Grabau, 1904
† Clavilithes Swainson, 1840
† Cosmolithes Grabau, 1904
† Mancorus Olsson, 1931
† Papillina Conrad, 1855
† Perulithes Olsson, 1930
† Clavella Swainson, 1835 accepted as Clavilithes Swainson, 1840 † (Junior homonym of Clavella Oken, 1815. Has been renamed Clavilithes.)
† Rhopalithes Grabau, 1904 accepted as Clavilithes Swainson, 1840 † (objective synonym)
† Turrispira Conrad, 1866 accepted as Clavilithes Swainson, 1840 †
† Daphnobela Cossmann, 1896
† Euthriofusus Cossmann, 1901
subfamily Fasciolariinae
Fasciolaria Lamarck, 1799 - type genus, the Tulip shells
Africolaria Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012
Araiofusus Callomon & Snyder, 2017
Aurantilaria Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012
Australaria Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012
Bellifusus Stephenson, 1941 †
Boltenella Wade, 1917 †
Brucia Cossmann, 1920 †
Calkota Squires & Saul, 2003
Cinctura Hollister, 1957
Conradconfusus Snyder, 2002 †
Cryptorhytis Meek, 1876 †
Drilliovoluta Cossmann, 1925 †
Drilluta Wade, 1916 †
Filifusus Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012
Glaphyrina Finlay, 1926
Granolaria Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012
Haplovoluta Wade, 1918 †
Hercorhyncus Conrad, 1869 †
Hylus Wade, 1917 †
Kilburnia Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012
Liochlamys Dall, 1889 †
Lirofusus Conrad, 1865 †
Lugubrilaria Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012
Lyonsifusus Vermeij & Snyder, 2018
Mariafusus Petuch, 1988 †
Micasarcina Squires & Saul, 2003 †
Microcolus Cotton & Godfrey, 1932
Microfulgur Finlay & Marwick, 1937
Mylecoma Squires & Saul, 2003 †
Odontofusus Whitfield, 1892 †
Paleopsephaea Wade, 1926 †
Parafusus Wade, 1918 †
Perse B.L. Clark, 1918 †
Piestochilus Meek, 1864 †
Plectocion Stewart, 1927 †
Pleia Finlay, 1930
Pleuroploca P. Fischer, 1884
Pliculofusus Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012 †
Saginafusus Iredale, 1931
Scobina Wade, 1917 †
Serrifusus Meek, 1876 †
Skyles Saul & Popenoe, 1993 †
Terebraspira Conrad, 1862 †
Trichifusus Bandel, 2000 †
Triplofusus Olsson & Harbison, 1953
Wadia Cossmann, 1920 †
Whitneyella Stewart, 1927 †
Woodsella Wade, 1926 †
subfamily Fusininae
Fusus Bruguière, 1789 : synonym of Fusinus Rafinesque, 1815
Aegeofusinus Russo, 2017
Africofusus Vermeij & Snyder, 2018
Amiantofusus Fraussen, Kantor & Hadorn, 2007
† Angustifusus Vermeij & Snyder, 2018
Apertifusus Vermeij & Snyder, 2018
Aptyxis Troschel, 1868
Araiofusus Callomon & Snyder, 2017
Ariefusus Vermeij & Snyder, 2018
Aristofusus Vermeij & Snyder, 2018
Barbarofusus Grabau & Shimer, 1909
Callifusus Vermeij & Snyder, 2018
Chryseofusus Hadorn & Fraussen, 2003
Cyrtulus Hinds, 1843 - Cyrtulus serotinus Hinds, 1843
Enigmofusus Vermeij & Snyder, 2018
† Eofusus Vermeij & Snyder, 2018
Falsicolus Finlay, 1930
Falsifusus Grabau, 1904 †
Fredenia Cadée & Janssen, 1994 †
Fusinus Rafinesque, 1815 - type genus of the subfamily Fusininae
Gemmocolus Maxwell, 1992 †
Goniofusus Vermeij & Snyder, 2018
Gracilipurpura Jousseaume, 1880
Granulifusus Kuroda & Habe, 1954
Harasewychia Petuch, 1987
Harfordia Dall, 1921
Heilprinia Grabau, 1904
Helolithus Agassiz, 1846 †
Hesperaptyxis Snyder & Vermeij, 2016
Lepidocolus Maxwell, 1992 †
Liracolus Maxwell, 1992 †
Lyonsifusus Vermeij & Snyder, 2018
Marmorofusus Snyder & Lyons, 2014
Okutanius Kantor, Fedosov, Snyder & Bouchet, 2018
Ollaphon Iredale, 1929
Priscofusus Conrad, 1865 †
Profusinus Bandel, 2000 †
Propefusus Iredale, 1924
Pseudaptyxis Petuch, 1988 †
Pullincola de Gregorio, 1894 †
Remera Stephenson, 1941 †
Rhopalithes Grabau, 1904 †
Simplicifusus Kira, 1972
Solutofusus Pritchard, 1898 †
Spirilla Agassiz, 1842 †
Streptocarina Hinsch, 1977 †
Streptochetus Cossmann, 1889 †
Streptodictyon Tembrock, 1961 †
Streptolathyrus Cossmann, 1901 †
Tectifusus Tate, 1893 †
Trophonofusus Kuroda & Habe, 1971
Turrispira Conrad, 1866 †
Vermeijius Kantor, Fedosov, Snyder & Bouchet, 2018
Viridifusus Snyder, Vermeij & Lyons, 2012
subfamily Peristerniinae
Peristernia Mörch, 1852 - type genus of the subfamily Peristerniinae
Aptycholathyrus Cossman & Pissarro, 1905 †
Ascolatirus Bellardi, 1884 †
Benimakia Habe, 1958
Brocchitas Finlay, 1927 †
Bullockus Lyons & Snyder, 2008
Dennantia Tate, 1888 †
Dentifusus Vermeij & Rosenberg, 2003
Dolicholatirus Bellardi, 1886
Eolatirus Bellardi, 1884 †
Exilifusus Conrad, 1865 †
Fractolatirus Iredale, 1936
Fusolatirus Kuroda & Habe, 1971
Hemipolygona Rovereto, 1899
Lathyropsis Oostingh, 1939 †
Latirofusus Cossmann, 1889
Latirogona Laws, 1944 †
Latirolagena Harris, 1897
Latirulus Cossmann, 1889
Latirus Montfort, 1810
Leucozonia Gray, 1847
Lightbournus Lyons & Snyder, 2008
Liochlamys Dall, 1889 †
Mazzalina Conrad, 1960 †
Neolatirus Bellardi, 1884 †
Nodolatirus Bouchet & Snyder, 2013
Nodopelagia Hedley, 1915
Opeatostoma Berry, 1958
Plesiolatirus Bellardi, 1884 †
Plicatella Swainson, 1840
Polygona Schumacher, 1817
Psammostoma Vermeij & Snyder, 2002 †
Pseudolatirus Bellardi, 1884
Pustulatirus Vermeij & Snyder, 2006
Ruscula Casey, 1904 †
Streptopelma Cossmann, 1901 †
Tarantinaea Monterosato, 1917
Taron Hutton, 1883
Teralatirus Coomans, 1965
Turrilatirus Vermeij & M.A. Snyder, 2006
Subfamily ?
Crassibougia Stahlschmidt & Fraussen, 2012
Genera brought into synonymy
Aptyxis Troschel, 1868: synonym of Fusinus Rafinesque, 1815
Buccinofusus Conrad, 1868: synonym of Conradconfusus Snyder, 2002 †
Bulbifusus Conrad, 1865 †: synonym of Mazzalina Conrad, 1960 †
Chasca Clench & Aguayo, 1941: synonym of Chascax Watson, 1873: synonym of Hemipolygona Rovereto, 1899
Chascax Watson, 1873: synonym of Hemipolygona Rovereto, 1899
Cinctura Hollister, 1957: synonym of Fasciolaria Lamarck, 1799
Clavella Swainson, 1835: synonym of Clavilithes Swainson, 1840 †
Cymatium Link, 1807: synonym of Latirus Montfort, 1810
Exilifusus Gabb, 1876 †: synonym of Fusinus Rafinesque, 1815
Fusilatirus McGinty, 1955: synonym of Dolicholatirus Bellardi, 1884
Fusus Bruguière, 1789: synonym of Fusinus Rafinesque, 1815
Gracilipurpura Jousseaume, 1881 †: synonym of Fusinus Rafinesque, 1815
Heilprinia Grabau, 1904: synonym of Fusinus Rafinesque, 1815
Iaeranea Rafinesque, 1815: synonym of Fasciolaria Lamarck, 1799
Lagena Schumacher, 1817: synonym of Latirolagena Harris, 1897
Lathyrus Schinz, 1825: synonym of Latirus Montfort, 1810
Latirofusus Cossmann, 1889: synonym of Dolicholatirus Bellardi, 1884
Latyrus Carpenter, 1857: synonym of Latirus Montfort, 1810
Propefusus Iredale, 1924: synonym of Fusinus Rafinesque, 1815
Pseudofusus Monterosato, 1884: synonym of Fusinus Rafinesque, 1815
Pseudolatirus Cossmann, 1889 †: synonym of Streptolathyrus Cossmann, 1901 †
Simplicifusus Kira, 1972: synonym of Granulifusus Kuroda & Habe, 1954
Sinistralia H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853: synonym of Fusinus Rafinesque, 1815
Tarantinaea Monterosato, 1917: synonym of Fasciolaria Lamarck, 1799
References
External links
Gastropod families
Taxa named by John Edward Gray |
20467842 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacharukhi | Pacharukhi | Rambhu Yadav Rautahat Nepal
Village Development Committee in Rautahat District in the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3132 people living in 717 individual households.
Pachrukhi has a Large Pond where a Shiva Mandir is located. There are more than 2-6 Durga Temples .
References
Populated places in Rautahat District |
20467847 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raschera | Raschera | Raschera is an Italian pressed fat or medium fat, semi-hard cheese made with raw or pasteurized cow milk, to which a small amount of sheep's and/or goat's milk may be added. It has an ivory white color inside with irregularly spaced small eyes, and a semi-hard rind which is red gray sometimes with yellow highlights. It has a savory and salty taste, similar to Muenster cheese, and can be moderately sharp if the cheese has been aged.
The cheese was given an Italian protected designation of origin (DOP) in July 1996, and may also carry the name "di alpeggio" (from mountain pasture) if the cheese was made in the mountainous areas of its designated Province of Cuneo.
References
External links
Raschera at Italian Made
Piedmontese cheeses
Italian cheeses
Cow's-milk cheeses
Italian products with protected designation of origin
Cheeses with designation of origin protected in the European Union |
20467851 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario%20G%C3%B3mez%20%28footballer%2C%20born%20August%201981%29 | Mario Gómez (footballer, born August 1981) | Mario Arnaldo Gómez Castellanos (born August 12, 1981 in Tela, Honduras) is a Honduran footballer.
Club career
Gómez played for New Jersey Stallions, Vida and Victoria, before joining F.C. Motagua in summer 2009.
He most recently played for F.C. Motagua in the Honduran football league. He won a sub-championship with The Eagles but could not stay more than a year due to inconsistency and lack of appearances.
International career
Gómez made his debut for Honduras in a March 2005 friendly match against the United States, coming on as a second-half substitute for Carlos Morán. His second and final international match was a February 2006 friendly against China.
References
External links
1981 births
Living people
People from Tela
Association football midfielders
Honduran footballers
Honduras international footballers
New Jersey Stallions players
C.D.S. Vida players
C.D. Victoria players
F.C. Motagua players
Liga Nacional de Fútbol Profesional de Honduras players
Honduran expatriate footballers
Expatriate soccer players in the United States
New York Red Bulls draft picks |
20467855 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pataura%2C%20Nepal | Pataura, Nepal | Pataura is a village development committee in Rautahat District in the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4521 people living in 794 individual households.
See also
Pataura, a village in Jaunpur, India
Ajay Verma lives here. He is very known popular here.
References
Populated places in Rautahat District |
20467864 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathara%20Budharampur | Pathara Budharampur | Pathara Budharampur is a village development committee in Rautahat District in the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4146 people living in 736 individual households.
References
Populated places in Rautahat District |
20467873 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paurai | Paurai | Paurai is a town and market center in Chandrapur Municipality in Rautahat District in the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal. The formerly village development committee was merged to form the municipality on 18 May 2014. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 9613 people living in 1821 individual households.
PAURAI is one of the 105 Villages Development Committee in Rautahat District in the Narayani Zone. There is one higher secondary school operated by government of Nepal. which is known as shree bagmati higher secondary school.
Nunthar is a famous place for picnic spot and there is a temple of lord shiva too.
References
Populated places in Rautahat District |
6900527 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob%20Jane | Bob Jane | Robert Frederick Jane (18 December 1929 – 28 September 2018) was an Australian race car driver and prominent entrepreneur and business tycoon. A four-time winner of the Armstrong 500, the race that became the prestigious Bathurst 1000 and a four-time Australian Touring Car Champion, Jane was well known for his chain of tyre retailers, Bob Jane T-Marts. Jane was inducted into the V8 Supercars Hall of Fame in 2000.
Early life
Bob Jane grew up in Brunswick, an inner-city suburb of Melbourne. His passion for racing began in the early 1950s as a champion bicycle rider, holding many state records before turning to four wheels. In the later 1950s, he started Bob Jane Autoland, a company that distributed parts for Jaguar and Alfa Romeo. Through this venture, a love of cars and motor sport blossomed and he first entered competitive racing in Australia in 1956; by 1960, he was racing with some of Australia's top sedan drivers.
Racing career
In 1961, Jane and co-driver Harry Firth won the Armstrong 500 at Phillip Island, Victoria, driving a Mercedes-Benz 220SE. Jane and Firth, driving a Ford Falcon XL, won the race again the following year, the last before the event moved to Mount Panorama at Bathurst, New South Wales, retaining the Armstrong 500 name. Jane, driving for the Ford works team, won a further two Armstrong 500s at the new venue, the first with Firth in 1963 and the second in 1964 with George Reynolds as co-driver. Despite the change of venue, Jane is officially credited with winning Australia's most famous endurance race four times in a row, something no other driver, not even nine-time race winner Peter Brock, has ever done.
Jane won the Australian Touring Car Championship (now known as the V8 Supercars Championship) in 1962, 1963, 1971 and 1972. His 1971 ATCC win was in a Chevrolet Camaro ZL-1 with a 427 cubic inch engine. Jane was forced by a rule change to replace the 427 engine with a 350 cubic inch engine for the 1972 championship but the Camaro still managed to beat the opposition, which included Allan Moffat's Ford Boss 302 Mustang, Ian Geoghegan's Ford XY Falcon GTHO Phase III, and Norm Beechey's Holden HT Monaro GTS350. Of the 38 races he started in the ATCC, he finished on the podium 21 times.
Jane also won the 1963 Australian GT Championship at the wheel of a Jaguar E-type, and the Marlboro Sports Sedan Series, in both 1974 and 1975, at his own Calder Park Raceway driving a Holden Monaro GTS 350 (at times he also drove his Repco V8 powered Holden LJ Torana GTR XU-1 which was mostly driven by John Harvey).
Jane retired from competitive motor racing at the end of 1981 due to sciatica. At the time of his retirement he had been driving a 6.0 litre Chevrolet Monza in the Australian Sports Sedan Championship. After giving up driving, Jane asked touring car star Peter Brock to drive the Monza in the re-formed Australian GT Championship. Brock raced the car in 1982 and 1983 before Jane sold the car in early 1984 to Re-Car owner Allan Browne.
Bob Jane T-Marts
In 1965, Jane opened the first Bob Jane T-Marts store in Melbourne. The company remains an independent, family-owned business to this day; Bob's son, Rodney Jane, is the current CEO. In 2011, 81-year-old Jane resigned as chairman of T-Marts citing difficulties in the relationship with his son Rodney.
From 1984 To 1997 Bob Jane formed a cross shareholding partnership with Ian Diffen. Bob Jane operated in Queensland and Ian Richard Diffen operated Ian Diffen's World of Tyres and Mufflers in Western Australia.
From 2002 to 2004, Bob Jane T-Marts held the naming rights sponsorship for the Bathurst 1000, the race Jane dominated early in his career. The company also held the naming rights to the former Bob Jane Stadium, home of South Melbourne FC.
Bob Jane T-Marts is the only major tyre retailer in Australia who do not sell retread tyres. Jane's personal reason for this is that his second eldest daughter Georgina had died in a car accident in 1991 due to a retreaded tyre blowing out.
Having lost control of Bob Jane T-Marts, Jane attempted to create a new tyre business using his name. It was blocked by son Rodney in court which also ruled Jane pay legal costs. In May 2015, his Diggers Rest farm was seized by the state sheriff in order to settle the outstanding costs.
Contributions to Australian motorsport
Australian Grand Prix
From 1980 to 1984, the Australian Grand Prix was held at his Calder Park Raceway in the outer suburbs of Melbourne, Jane taking over the promoting and staging of the Grand Prix in the hope of Calder Park being granted a round of the Formula One World Championship (an ambitious plan at best as Calder was a 1.6 km long circuit which the faster cars lapped in less than 40 seconds). The 1980 Grand Prix was open to Formula 5000, Formula Pacific and Formula One cars and was won by Australia's 1980 Formula One World Champion Alan Jones driving his World Championship winning Williams FW07B-Ford. Second home was fellow F1 driver Bruno Giacomelli driving his Alfa Romeo 179, with Ligier F1 driver Didier Pironi finishing 3rd, driving an Elfin MR8 Formula 5000 for leading Australian team Ansett Team Elfin.
From 1981 until 1984 the races were run under Formula Mondial regulations and Jane succeeded in attracting many of the best Formula One drivers of the era. Each race from 1981 to 1984 was won by those driving the popular Ralt RT4-Ford.
The 1981 Australian Grand Prix was won by future F1 driver Roberto Moreno from Brazil. Finishing second, also in an RT4 was 1981 World Champion Nelson Piquet (Brazil) with Australian Geoff Brabham finishing 3rd in his RT4. Alan Jones and Ligier's Jacques Laffite also participated in the race, though both failed to finish. The 1981 race was the first time since 1968 that the AGP had two or more, current or past World Champions, on the starting grid. On that occasion, Jim Clark (1st), Graham Hill (3rd), Denny Hulme (9th), and Australia's own triple World Champion Jack Brabham (DNF) participated as the race was part of the popular off-season Tasman Series.
For the 1982 Australian Grand Prix, Jane again attracted F1 drivers in Piquet, Laffite, the then retired Jones, plus future Formula One World Champion Alain Prost. Frenchman Prost won the 100 lap race from Laffite and 1981 winner Roberto Moreno. When Prost later won his second AGP in Adelaide in 1986 to win his second of four Formula One World Championships, he became the only driver to ever win the Australian Grand Prix in both World Championship and non-championship formats.
The 1983 race, while only attracting one current F1 driver in Jacques Laffite, as well as Alan Jones, who had made an abortive F1 comeback earlier in the year, did attract 24 entries (mostly the Ford powered RT4), including former winner Moreno, Geoff Brabham and future F1 driver Allen Berg. Moreno won his second AGP from local drivers John Smith and Laffite. Geoff Brabham finished 4th with Jones in 5th and Charlie O'Brien. Reigning Australian Drivers' Champion Alfredo Costanzo led the race early in his Tiga FA81 before suffering a differential failure on lap 25. Moreno would later claim that had 'Alfie' not retired then he would likely have won as he didn't believe he would have caught the Australian. The 1983 race was the last time the Grand Prix was included as a round of the Australian Drivers' Championship.
During 1984 it was announced that from 1985, the Australian Grand Prix would be held on the Streets of Adelaide and would be the 16th and final round of the 1985 Formula One season, giving the Grand Prix "World Championship" status for the first time in its history. Despite this, Jane was still able to successfully attract current Formula One drivers to participate in the 1984 Australian Grand Prix. Headlining the 'imports' was three time (including 1984) World Champion Niki Lauda, and 1982 World Champion Keke Rosberg. Joining them were 1984 Ligier drivers Andrea de Cesaris and François Hesnault and 1981 and 1983 AGP winner Roberto Moreno to face off against local stars Costanzo and 1984 Gold Star champion John Bowe. Moreno would win his 3rd AGP in 4 years from Rosberg, who fought back from a bad start and a collision another car, with de Cesaris putting in the drive of the race to finish 3rd after starting early from the pit lane and being almost half a lap down when he took the green flag.
NASCAR
Jane is credited with bringing stock car racing to Australia. Long resistant to oval racing (seeing it as dull and monotonous when compared to circuit racing, although speedway (Dirt track racing), held on smaller ¼ or ⅓ mile oval tracks, has been popular in Australia since the 1920s), Australian motorsport fans finally had their own NASCAR-style high banked superspeedway when Jane spent A$54 million building the Thunderdome on the grounds of Calder Park Raceway. The 1.801 km (1.119 mi) Thunderdome, with 24° banking in the turns, was built as a quad-oval with Jane modelling the track on the famous Charlotte Motor Speedway.
Opened on 3 August 1987, the Thunderdome played host to the first ever NASCAR event held outside North America on 28 February 1988 with the Goodyear NASCAR 500. Several prominent drivers from the United States came to Australia for this race including Alabama Gang members Bobby Allison and Neil Bonnett, along with Kyle Petty, Michael Waltrip, Dave Marcis, and others from the Winston West Series. Bonnett, who had won the Winston Cup's Pontiac Excitement 400 at the Richmond International Raceway the previous weekend, and Allison, who had won the 1988 Daytona 500 just one week prior to that, dominated the race, swapping the lead several times on a hot summer afternoon in which cabin temperatures were reported to reach over 57° Celsius (135° Fahrenheit). Bonnett won the 280 lap race from Allison with Dave Marcis finishing 3rd.
The race was marred by an early multi-car crash in turns 3 and 4 involving 8 cars including the Ford Thunderbird of local touring car champion Dick Johnson, and the Oldsmobile of Allan Grice who, after running out of brakes, couldn't slow down coming off the back straight and ran into the wreck at speed. Grice, whose car was a write-off, suffered a broken collarbone and was taken to hospital for x-rays.
Jane also owned the Adelaide International Raceway which features the only other paved NASCAR type oval in Australia with its half mile Speedway Super Bowl, which, unlike the Thunderdome, is a permanent part of the road circuit.
In 1992, Jane and Sydney based speedway promoter and Channel 7 television commentator Mike Raymond also announced plans to turn the old half mile harness racing track that surrounded the Parramatta Speedway in Sydney into a paved oval for NASCAR and the Australian AUSCAR category, giving Australia a third paved oval speedway. However, the project never got past the planning stage.
Personal life
On 23 February 2007, Jane was granted a 12-month intervention order against his estranged wife, Laree Jane (born 1967). At the time, she was 39 and they had been married for 20 years. He accused her of threatening to shoot him and threatening him with a kitchen knife. In a Victorian County Court, on 22 January 2009, a jury found Laree Jane not guilty of five charges, including assault, related to the domestic dispute.
Jane met Laree when he performed Grand Marshal duties for the 1986 James Hardie 1000 at Bathurst.
Jane declared bankruptcy on 8 July 2016.
On 28 September 2018, Jane died from prostate cancer, 21 years after his diagnosis. He was 88.
Career results
Complete Australian Touring Car Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Complete Phillip Island/Bathurst 500/1000 results
References
Businesspeople from Melbourne
1929 births
2018 deaths
Bathurst 1000 winners
Tasman Series drivers
Australian Touring Car Championship drivers
Racing drivers from Melbourne
Tire industry people
Deaths from prostate cancer
Deaths from cancer in Victoria (Australia) |
20467888 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipariya%2C%20Rautahat | Pipariya, Rautahat | Pipariya, Narayani is a village development committee in Rautahat District in the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3786.It is also known as Hariharpur. A great leader of Nepal Harihar Prasad Yadav was born here.
References
Populated places in Rautahat District |
17330081 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh%20Mandel | Josh Mandel | Joshua Aaron Mandel (born September 27, 1977) is an American far-right politician who served as the 48th treasurer of Ohio from 2011 to 2019. A member of the Republican Party, he previously was the Ohio State Representative for the 17th district from 2007 to 2011. He was the unsuccessful Republican challenger to Democratic incumbent Sherrod Brown in the 2012 U.S. Senate election.
In 2016, Mandel announced his intention to challenge Brown yet again in 2018, but later withdrew from the race. In 2022, he ran again for the Senate, but lost the primary nomination to author J.D. Vance.
Early life and education
Mandel was born to a Jewish family on September 27, 1977, in Cleveland, Ohio, the son of Rita (née Friedman) and Bruce Mandel. Mandel's maternal grandfather, Joe, is originally from Poland and is a Holocaust survivor, while his maternal grandmother, Fernanda, is originally from Italy and was hidden from the Nazis by Christian families during World War II. Mandel has a sister, Rachel. He attended Beachwood High School, where he was the quarterback of the football team.
Mandel earned a bachelor's degree from the Ohio State University. At Ohio State, he served two terms as the undergraduate student government president. After graduating from Ohio State in 2000, he earned a Juris Doctor from the Case Western Reserve University School of Law.
Career
Military service
Mandel enlisted in the United States Marine Corps Reserve, where he served eight years as an intelligence specialist. His first tour was from February to November 2004, during which he was attached to a light armored reconnaissance battalion. He left for his second tour in September 2007. Attached to an infantry battalion, Mandel served in the city of Haditha.
Lyndhurst city council
Mandel was elected to the Lyndhurst, Ohio, city council in 2003. He was on the council's finance committee.
On January 24, 2005, Mandel sent a letter to Lyndhurst residents, proposing a one time tax rebate of $400, paying the postage for the letters from his campaign fund. Faced with opposition from fellow council members, Mandel introduced and advocated for a 2 mill property tax rollback, which would have saved the average homeowner $100 a year on a home valued at $160,000. On April 4, 2005, the Council passed a 1.5 mill rollback that saved the average homeowner $75 per year.
Ohio House of Representatives
Elections
Mandel was first elected to the Ohio House of Representatives in November 2006.
He represented Ohio's 17th House district, consisting of 17 communities of various sizes in southeastern Cuyahoga County. Mandel was re-elected to a second term in 2008.
Tenure
Mandel's first piece of legislation as a State Representative, H.B. 151, was an initiative to force the multibillion-dollar Ohio pension funds to divest from companies doing business in Iran. He joined State Representative Shannon Jones (R) in an attempt to make Ohio the first state in the nation to divest from Iran, but the legislation was never signed into law due to a compromise between state pension executives and Ohio House leadership, agreed to by Mandel. Then-Speaker of the Ohio House Jon Husted brokered a deal to drop half of the state's investments in Iran and Sudan with the eventual goal of removing all investment from the two countries.
In the 128th Assembly, Mandel was one of 19 house members to vote against HB108, a bill to make cockfighting a felony. Mandel said that the legislation was not a pressing priority for the state and that the General Assembly should spend its time in other ways.
Also in the 128th Assembly, Mandel voted against legislation that "[p]rohibits discriminatory practices on the basis of "sexual orientation" and "gender identity" under many of the Ohio Civil Rights Commission (OCRC) Law's existing prohibitions against various unlawful discriminatory practices.". The bill passed the Ohio House by a vote of 56 to 39.
State Treasurer
In May 2009, Mandel announced his candidacy for Ohio Treasurer of State via web video. Mandel's campaign generated controversy in late September 2010 when it ran a TV commercial falsely suggesting that Mandel's opponent, African-American Kevin Boyce, was a Muslim. The commercial was criticized for playing on anti-Muslim bias, and was ultimately withdrawn by the Mandel campaign. However, voters subsequently received a campaign mailing with similar themes. The Mandel campaign said that the Ohio Republican Party was responsible for the mailers, which had already been sent via bulk mail. In October 2010, in response to an Ohio Democratic Party complaint, the Ohio Elections Commission found that Mandel had deceptively depicted Boyce (an African Methodist Episcopal) as a Muslim in the ads.
On November 2, 2010, Mandel was elected Ohio State Treasurer, defeating Boyce by 14 percentage points to become chief investment officer of state funds. Mandel was sworn in on January 10, 2011.
During Mandel's time as treasurer, Ohio retained the highest possible rating from Standard & Poor's for the state's $4 billion government investment fund. On March 19, 2012, Mandel severed contracts with two major banks that handled $41 billion in Ohio pension investments, amid government investigations into whether the banks overcharged clients for currency trading accusing them of "systematically exploiting public pension funds and taxpayers."
Mandel was reelected to a second term as state treasurer in 2014, defeating Democratic State Representative Connie Pillich.
OhioCheckbook.com
On December 2, 2014, Mandel launched OhioCheckbook.com, a website that reports every expenditure in state government, in an effort, according to Mandel, to "create an army of citizen watchdogs who have the power to hold politicians accountable." In September 2018, Mandel was awarded the "Transparency in Government Award" by the State Financial Officers Foundation for his work on OhioCheckbook.com and promoting greater government spending transparency in Ohio and across the country. Because there was no coordination with a similar effort undertaken by then-Governor John Kasich, Ohio ran two overlapping disclosure sites for several years. In June 2020, the state of Ohio merged the two sites, saving nearly a million dollars.
STABLE Accounts
In summer 2015, Ohio passed legislation granting the Ohio Treasurer's Office the authority to open and administer ABLE accounts; such accounts are a federally authorized, state-run savings program for eligible people with disabilities. In June 2016, Mandel began offering the nation's first ABLE accounts, called in Ohio "STABLE Accounts". The Ohio Treasurer's Office, in addition to administering Ohio's STABLE Accounts, also jointly administers the ABLE accounts in Arizona, Georgia, Kentucky, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Vermont, West Virginia and Wyoming.
Advertising controversy
In 2016 and 2017, the Ohio Treasurer's Office under Mandel spent almost $1.7 million in taxpayer-funded television ads, featuring him and Urban Meyer, the head coach for the Ohio State Buckeyes football team. Mandel's office made each payment for the ads to individual television stations in an amount less than $50,000 per fiscal year, thus circumventing the need for approval by the state Controlling Board, which must sign-off on state payments over this amount. Thirteen ad buys were within $1,000 of the $50,000 threshold. Mandel defended the ads, saying they helped increase awareness of an investment program for disabled Ohioans. Critics questioned the airing of self-promotional ads at a time when Mandel was running for U.S. Senate and said that Mandel's office was trying to avoid scrutiny by structuring the ad buys to avoid Controlling Board approval.
In response to the controversy, the Ohio House introduced an amendment to the state's 2017 budget. The amendment would require approval by the Controlling Board for ad buys that in aggregate exceed $50,000. This rule would have prevented Mandel from avoiding oversight by distributing the advertising campaign among individual ad buys. Mandel did not attend an Ohio Senate hearing on the matter. He sent a deputy instead.
OhioCrypto.com
On November 25, 2018, Mandel made Ohio the first state in America to enable taxpayers to pay taxes with cryptocurrency. This initiative, OhioCrypto.com, was described by Mandel as an effort to provide more options to Ohio taxpayers and to project Ohio as a state that is embracing blockchain technology. Mandel described himself as a cryptocurrency enthusiast and said that he hoped the launch of OhioCrypto.com would bring more legitimacy to cryptocurrency. Ohio Attorney General Yost subsequently found, "The Treasurer's use of a payment processor to convert cryptocurrency into dollars for the payment of taxes is not authorized, expressly or impliedly, by statutes allowing the receipt of electronic payments." Mandel's successor suspended the program, noting that it had processed fewer than ten transactions.
2012 U.S. Senate election
Mandel was the Republican nominee to challenge Democratic incumbent Sherrod Brown in the 2012 election for U.S. Senate from Ohio. Mandel officially announced his candidacy for U.S. Senate on March 1, 2012. He won the March 6, 2012 Republican primary with 63% of the vote in a five-candidate race.
Mandel earned the endorsement of several prominent conservative politicians, including: New Jersey Governor Chris Christie, Florida Sen. Marco Rubio, and Sen. John McCain. Mandel also received the endorsements of U.S. Sen. Rob Portman and U.S. Rep. Jim Jordan.
Mandel's campaign was singled out by the independent fact-checking group Politifact for its "casual relationship with the truth" and its tendency to "double down" after inaccuracies were pointed out. Politifact wrote: "For all the gifts Mandel has, from his compelling personal narrative as an Iraq war veteran to a well-oiled fundraising machine, whoppers are fast becoming a calling card of his candidacy."
Mandel had raised $7.2 million through the first quarter of 2012; his $5.3 million cash on hand trailed Brown's $6.3 million. Mandel benefited from support from conservative out-of-state superPACs. As of July 2012, these outside groups--including Crossroads GPS--aired $10 million in TV advertising supporting Mandel and attacking Brown, outspending Democratic Party-aligned outside groups by a margin of more than five-to-one. Mandel's campaign was aided by over $1 million spent primarily on attack ads by a 501(c)(4) organization called the "Government Integrity Fund".
A few days before the election, several of Mandel's relatives published an open letter in the Cleveland Jewish News criticising Mandel for his anti-gay views, stating that his own cousin, a graduate of the US Air Force Academy, was married to another woman, and that Mandel believed LGBT people "should be forced to live a life of secrecy and lies".
Brown defeated Mandel 51%-45% in the November 6, 2012 general election.
In August 2013, the Ohio Democratic Party and EMILY's List accused Mandel of violating federal and state campaign laws by using a vehicle owned by his U.S. Senate campaign for personal purposes. The vehicle was involved in a traffic accident on March 5, 2013, nearly four months after Mandel's Senate campaign had ended; he was a passenger in the vehicle when the accident occurred. Mandel contended that he had done nothing improper.
2018 U.S. Senate election
In December 2016, Mandel announced that he would seek election to the United States Senate in 2018.
In late 2016, a Super PAC called Ohio Freedom Fund was created to support Mandel's Senate bid. As of April 2017, the Ohio Freedom Fund's primary contributor is Citizens for a Working America, a nonprofit organization not subject to campaign finance disclosures. At the time that the Ohio Freedom Fund Super PAC was created, Mandel, in his capacity as state treasurer, was appearing in a series of advertisements promoting a new investment program for families with special needs children. Mandel's office said the ads were taped and aired before Mandel was a candidate for U.S. Senate.
In July 2017, Mandel stated his support for alt-right activists and conspiracy theorists Mike Cernovich and Jack Posobiec after they were criticized in an Anti-Defamation League (ADL) report. Mandel accused the ADL of being a "partisan witchhunt group" and tweeted "I stand with @Cernovich & @JackPosobiec."
Mandel dropped out of the race on January 5, 2018, citing the need to spend more time with his family relating to his wife's health issues. The nomination was won by Congressman Jim Renacci, who went on to lose the general election to Brown.
2022 U.S. Senate election
Senator Rob Portman announced in late January 2021 that he would not be seeking re-election to the Senate, citing gridlock and partisanship. Mandel mulled running in the election, and later confirmed that he would run. Declaring his candidacy, Mandel touted his support for President Donald Trump, although he had initially endorsed Marco Rubio for the party's nomination in the 2016 presidential election and voted for him in that year's Ohio Republican primary.
On March 18, 2021, Mandel was suspended from Twitter for 12 hours for creating a poll about which type of "illegals" would commit more crimes, "Muslim Terrorists" or "Mexican Gangbangers". Mandel called the suspension censorship.
In May 2021, multiple fundraisers left the Mandel campaign, citing a "toxic work atmosphere" including being berated publicly by the campaign's financial director.
In October 2021, posting on a far-right conservative website, Mandel claimed that Jewish financier George Soros and the "deep state" were responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, the Black Lives Matter movement, Antifa, and the January 6, 2021 assault on Capitol Hill.
Mandel came in second during the primary, earning 23.9 percent of the votes, falling to Trump-endorsed candidate J. D. Vance.
Political positions
Donald Trump
Mandel has been characterized as a Trump loyalist. He has backed Trump's widely disproven claims of voting fraud in 2020 presidential election, and supported Trump's attempts to overturn opponent Joe Biden's electoral victory. Mandel has called Trump's second impeachment a "sham" and pledged to fight for the former president's "America First" agenda. Mandel claims that "studies that evidence widespread fraud" in relation to the 2020 presidential election will emerge eventually.
Abortion
Mandel is anti-abortion.
Health care
Mandel has called for the repeal of the Affordable Care Act. In a campaign advertisement during his 2012 Senatorial run, Mandel claimed opponent Sherrod Brown "cast the deciding vote on the government takeover of health care". Politifact has labeled as false the claim that Brown cast the deciding vote for the act. The description of the act as a government takeover of health care, by Mandel, has been labeled by Politifact as "nonsensical" and a "myth".
Environment
Mandel rejects the scientific consensus on climate change. He has referred to climate change research as "riddled with fraud". He has vowed to fight attempts to advance clean-air standards.
Mandel has called for what he terms as "aggressive and responsible" energy exploration that protects "the air we breathe and water we drink" while reducing environmental regulation. He supports the approval of the Keystone XL pipeline. Mandel is a supporter of expanded coal plants and has criticized what he has termed as "radical" environmental groups.
LGBT rights
Mandel opposes same-sex marriage, saying in 2012 that he will "protect the sanctity of marriage" and "this is a fight that I will never, ever back down." He is against openly gay people serving in the military, and voted against workplace and housing discrimination protections for gay and transgender people in 2009.
Foreign policy
In 2012, Mandel said that he disagreed with plans to set a "date certain" for withdrawal of U.S. military forces from Iraq and Afghanistan, also stating that "at some point in time, we have to take the training wheels off and we have to allow those countries to stand on their own two feet."
In early September 2021, when the U.S. evacuated Afghan allies from Afghanistan, Mandel said that refugees were being brought to "the heart of America ... To protect our kids, our communities and our Judeo-Christian way of life, we must FIGHT this with all our might."
Religion
In November 2021, Mandel, despite being Jewish, tweeted support for controversial statements by Michael Flynn calling for the establishment of "one religion" in the United States, which would be against the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. He followed up with more tweets saying "Freedom of religion ≠ freedom FROM religion" and "America was not founded as a secular nation".
Personal life
Mandel was married to social worker Ilana Shafran in August 2008 in Jerusalem. In April 2020, Mandel and Shafran filed for divorce. The divorce was finalized in June 2020 and all records were sealed until 2021 when details regarding finances, custody of their three children, and child support were released. Mandel has been dating Rachel Wilson, a staffer for his campaign, since August 2020.
Electoral history
References
External links
State Treasurer of Ohio
Josh Mandel campaign website
Statewide candidates stake their positions: Round the Rotunda
Josh Mandel's file at Politifact
Collected news and commentary at the Cleveland Plain Dealer
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1977 births
People from Beachwood, Ohio
Politicians from Cleveland
Members of the Ohio House of Representatives
State treasurers of Ohio
Ohio Republicans
United States Marine Corps reservists
United States Marines
United States Marine Corps personnel of the Iraq War
Case Western Reserve University School of Law alumni
Ohio State University School of Communication alumni
Far-right politicians in the United States
Jewish American state legislators in Ohio
21st-century American politicians
Living people
American people of Polish-Jewish descent
American people of Italian-Jewish descent
Candidates in the 2018 United States Senate elections
Candidates in the 2022 United States Senate elections
Candidates in the 2012 United States elections |
17330089 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West%20wind%20%28disambiguation%29 | West wind (disambiguation) | A west wind is a wind that originates in the west and blows east.
West Wind may also refer to:
"West Wind", a song by Miriam Makeba from The Magnificent Miriam Makeba
East Wind: West Wind, an American novel
West Wind Aviation, Saskatchewan's second-largest commercial aviation group
Project West Wind, a wind farm west of Wellington, New Zealand
See also
The West Wind (disambiguation)
West Wind Shores
West Wing
Westwind (disambiguation) |
20467890 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godzilla%20Generations | Godzilla Generations | is an action game developed by General Entertainment and published by Sega for the Dreamcast in 1998. It was exclusively released in Japan as one of the system's four launch titles. The game is based on the Godzilla franchise and involves the player controlling various giant monsters in an attempt to destroy real-life Japanese cities.
A sequel, Godzilla Generations: Maximum Impact, was released in Japan in 1999.
Gameplay
Godzilla Generations is an action game where the player must control one of five monsters from the Godzilla universe. Initially, only Godzilla and Mechagodzilla can be selected, while the other characters are unlocked by progressing through the game. The game world is composed of five cities, each comprising two stages, except the final city which has three. The object of the game is to proceed to the next stage by destroying everything on the stage within a set time limit, such as buildings and trees. Each character has projectile attacks, the ability to block incoming attacks and the ability to heal themselves.
Development and release
Godzilla Generations was developed by General Entertainment and published by Sega as a launch title for the Dreamcast. It was originally known as simply Godzilla, before its name was changed in July 1998. The game was exclusively released in Japan on November 27, 1998.
Reception
Godzilla Generations received lukewarm reviews from Japanese gaming magazine Famitsu and a very negative response from Western journalists, despite fans showing interest in the game at the 1998 Tokyo Game Show. Computer and Video Games reviewer Kim Randell described the game as dull and cited issues such as poor controls, a constantly shifting camera and the player character blocking the player's view. Peter Bartholow of GameSpot derided the game as "terrible" and one of the worst games of 1998. Bartholow found it impossible to block incoming attacks due to the creatures' slow gait. He stated that because of this the developers added a healing ability to each creature, allowing players to continue through the game without fear of their character dying, "There's no strategy, no technique. Just the extreme tedium of tromping through cities." Edge criticized the graphics quality, clumsy controls, and confusing camera system, which was said to make in-game objects difficult for players to locate.
Despite showing interest in a preview, describing the game as looking like "a riot", Jaz Rignall of IGN and his colleagues were less enthusiastic when their first Dreamcast console arrived three months later with three Japanese launch games. He found "while it brought many smiles and jeers, it didn't impress", the gathered journalists quickly lost interest and moved onto another game. In a November 2002 review of Godzilla: Destroy All Monsters Melee, GameSpy's David Hodgson described himself as "still wincing from Godzilla: Generations". He went on to say the game "seemed to adhere to the loony premise that bizarre camera angles, a monster trudging in extreme slow motion, and the knuckle-gnawingly slow chipping away of scenery was the new in monstrous fighting action. It wasn't. It was crap".
Japan-GameCharts reported that the game sold approximately 22,870 copies.
Sequel
Godzilla Generations: Maximum Impact was developed by General Entertainment and published by Sega for the Dreamcast on December 23, 1999 exclusively in Japan. The game is split into levels in which Godzilla is stomping forward through a city while he has to shoot enemies. The player can also make Godzilla duck attacks, by holding or tapping the analog pad. In other levels, Godzilla can walk freely and has to fight in one-on-one against Biollante, King Ghidorah, Mothra, the new robot bosses SMG-IInd and MGR-IInd, SpaceGodzilla, the Super X-III which is the game's smallest boss and the last boss, Destoroyah. Godzilla is the only playable character in the game. He can shoot heat rays at his enemies. IGN gave the game 2.5 out of 10 in their review.
Notes
References
External links
Godzilla Generations at GameFAQs
1998 video games
Dreamcast games
Dreamcast-only games
Godzilla games
Sega video games
Japan-exclusive video games
Video games developed in Japan
Action video games
Single-player video games |
20467896 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rialto%20Theatre%20%28Montreal%29 | Rialto Theatre (Montreal) | The Rialto Theatre () is a former movie palace located on Park Avenue in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is designated as a National Historic Site of Canada.
Built in 1923-1924 and designed by Montreal architect Joseph-Raoul Gariépy, who specialized in theatre and hospital projects, the Rialto was inspired by the Napoleon III style Paris Opera House. The interior was designed by Emmanuel Briffa, designer of over sixty Canadian movie houses, in the Louis XVI style. The Rialto operated as a cinema until the 1990s.
The Rialto Theatre has undergone many changes since 2000. All of the theatre seats were removed and attempts were even made to convert it into a steakhouse. After nearly thirty years of ownership, owner Elias Kalogeras was finally able to sell it in March 2010 to Le Groupe Merveilles Inc. and its owners Ezio Carosielli and Luisa Sassano. Since then, they have acted on their intention to protect the theatre and restore its unique architecture.
References
External links
Images Montreal Web page
Beaux-Arts architecture in Canada
Former cinemas in Montreal
Heritage buildings of Quebec
Landmarks in Montreal
Le Plateau-Mont-Royal
Movie palaces
National Historic Sites in Quebec
Theatres completed in 1924
Theatres in Montreal
Theatres on the National Historic Sites of Canada register
1924 establishments in Quebec |
17330097 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%E2%80%9309%20Liga%20de%20Honra | 2008–09 Liga de Honra | The 2008–09 Liga de Honra season is the 19th season of the competition and the 75th season of recognised second-tier football in Portugal. Trofense are the defending champions.
Promotion and relegation
Teams promoted from Liga de Honra
Trofense
Rio Ave
Teams relegated to Liga de Honra
Boavista
União de Leiria
Teams relegated from Liga de Honra
Penafiel
Fátima
Teams promoted to Liga de Honra
Oliveirense
Sporting Covilhã
League table
Footnotes
External links
Calendar of the Portuguese League
Season on soccerway.com
Liga Portugal 2 seasons
Port
2008–09 in Portuguese football leagues |
17330101 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/152nd%20Regiment | 152nd Regiment | 152nd Regiment may refer to:
152nd Infantry Regiment "Sassari", a unit of the Italian Army since 1915
, a unit of the 7th Armoured Brigade (France)
152nd (Ulster) Transport Regiment, a unit of the United Kingdom Territorial Army
152nd Punjabis, a British Indian Army regiment serving in Palestine, 1918-1921
152nd Illinois Infantry Regiment, a unit of the Union (North) Army during the American Civil War
152nd New York Infantry Regiment, a unit of the Union (North) Army during the American Civil War
152nd Ohio Infantry Regiment, a unit of the Union (North) Army during the American Civil War
152nd Infantry Regiment (United States), a regiment of the Indiana Army National Guard
152nd Tank Regiment, a component of the Russian Ground Forces' 27th Guards Rifle Division at Totskoye in the Volga-Urals Military District |
20467897 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipra%20Bhagwanpur | Pipra Bhagwanpur | Pipra Bhagwanpur is a village development committee in Rautahat District in the Province No. 2 of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3698 people living in 715 individual households.
References
Populated places in Rautahat District |
Subsets and Splits